CN212401032U

CN212401032U - Vehicle transport vehicle and ladder stand device thereof

Info

Publication number: CN212401032U
Application number: CN202021289264.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邬世锋; 蒋彭正
Original assignee: Yangzhou CIMC Tonghua Special Vehicles Co Ltd
Current assignee: Yangzhou CIMC Tonghua Special Vehicles Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-02
Filing date: 2020-07-02
Publication date: 2021-01-26
Anticipated expiration: 2030-07-02

Abstract

The utility model provides a vehicle transport vechicle and cat ladder device thereof. The ladder stand device comprises a guide piece, a ladder stand, a driving mechanism and a limiting mechanism. The guide piece is arranged at the rear end of the vehicle transport vehicle and can slide along the length direction of the vehicle transport vehicle; the front end of the ladder stand is hinged with the guide piece; the driving mechanism is connected with the crawling ladder and drives the crawling ladder to move and drives the guide piece to slide, so that the crawling ladder can slide to the bottom of a frame of the vehicle transport vehicle or extend out of the frame; the limiting mechanism is arranged corresponding to the rear end of the vehicle transport vehicle so as to stop the crawling ladder when the front end of the crawling ladder slides to the rear end of the vehicle transport vehicle; when the crawling ladder extends out of the frame, the crawling ladder is inclined downwards from front to rear, the upper surface of the front end of the crawling ladder is flush with the upper surface of the rear end of the frame, and the rear end of the crawling ladder is abutted to the ground.

Description

Vehicle transport vehicle and ladder stand device thereof

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a transport vechicle field, in particular to vehicle transport vechicle and cat ladder device thereof.

Background

When a transport vehicle carries a vehicle, in order to facilitate climbing of the vehicle to be transported from the ground onto a frame, a ladder stand is generally provided on the rear side of the transport vehicle. At present, the ladder stand is connected with the frame in a hook type, the ladder stand needs to be firstly drawn out from a storage part during use, and then the position of the ladder stand relative to the frame and the height of the ladder stand are adjusted, so that the ladder stand can be hung on a hook at the tail part of the frame. The whole operation steps are complex, time and labor are wasted, and the loading efficiency of the vehicle transport vehicle is influenced.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide a higher cat ladder device of loading efficiency and have vehicle transport vechicle of this cat ladder device to solve the problem among the prior art.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a vehicle transport vehicle's cat ladder device, include: a guide member provided at a rear end of the vehicle transport vehicle and slidable in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle transport vehicle; the front end of the ladder stand is hinged with the guide piece; the driving mechanism is connected with the crawling ladder and drives the crawling ladder to move and drives the guide piece to slide, so that the crawling ladder can slide to the bottom of a frame of the vehicle transport vehicle or extend out of the frame; the limiting mechanism is arranged corresponding to the rear end of the vehicle transport vehicle and used for stopping the crawling ladder when the front end of the crawling ladder slides to the rear end of the vehicle transport vehicle; when the crawling ladder extends out of the frame, the crawling ladder inclines downwards from front to rear, the upper surface of the front end of the crawling ladder is flush with the upper surface of the rear end of the frame, and the rear end of the crawling ladder is abutted to the ground.

In one embodiment, the guide member comprises a guide arm; the guide arm comprises a first arm and a second arm which are connected along the length direction of the guide arm, an included angle between the first arm and the second arm is an obtuse angle, and the second arm inclines upwards from front to back.

In one embodiment, the guide arm has a second protrusion protruding downward, and the second protrusion is disposed in the middle of the guide arm.

In one embodiment, the outer circumference of the second protrusion is arc-shaped.

In one embodiment, the ladder climbing device further comprises a guide rail; the guide rail is fixed on a frame of the vehicle transport vehicle, and the guide rail extends along the length direction of the frame.

In one embodiment, the rear end of the guide rail has an inclined surface inclined upward from front to rear.

In one embodiment, the limiting mechanism comprises a limiting block fixed at the rear end of the frame, the front end of the ladder stand is provided with a first protruding block, and the limiting block stops the first protruding block so as to limit the ladder stand.

In one embodiment, the drive mechanism includes a first end and a second end that can be closer to or farther from the first end; the first end is connected with the middle part of the frame in the length direction, the second end is positioned at the rear end of the first end, and the second end is connected with the middle part of the ladder stand in the length direction, so that the second end extends downwards relative to the first end from front to back in a tilting mode.

In one embodiment, the ladder stand comprises: the front end of the main ladder is connected with the rear end of the guide piece; the auxiliary ladder is rotatably connected with the rear end of the main ladder, so that the auxiliary ladder can be turned over to be stacked on the main ladder or extend out of the main ladder.

The utility model also provides a vehicle transport vehicle, including the frame with as above the cat ladder device, the cat ladder device is located the rear end of frame to can accept in the bottom of frame or outwards stretch out the frame.

According to the above technical scheme, the utility model discloses an advantage lies in with positive effect:

the utility model discloses a cat ladder device includes guide, cat ladder, actuating mechanism and stop gear. The front end of the ladder stand is hinged with the guide piece, the ladder stand and the guide piece slide along the length direction of the vehicle transport vehicle under the driving of the driving mechanism, so that the ladder stand can slide to the bottom of the frame contained in the vehicle transport vehicle or extend out of the frame, and when the ladder stand extends out of the frame, the ladder stand inclines downwards from front to rear inclined, the upper surface of the front end of the ladder stand is flush with the upper surface of the rear end of the frame, and the rear end of the ladder stand is abutted to the ground. And the ladder stand is stopped when the front end of the ladder stand slides to the rear end of the vehicle transport vehicle through the limiting mechanism. The ladder climbing device can be extended out of the frame by matching the guide piece with the driving mechanism, and the use requirement is met. The whole operation is convenient and feasible, and the loading efficiency of the transport vehicle is effectively improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a partial structure of one embodiment of the transportation vehicle of the present invention, wherein a ladder climbing device is accommodated at the bottom of the frame;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a portion of one embodiment of the vehicle transporter of the present invention, wherein the ladder climbing device extends outwardly from the frame;

fig. 3 is a side view of one embodiment of the ladder climbing device of the present invention;

figure 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the guide rail, guide and ladder of figure 3 in accordance with the present invention;

fig. 5 is a top view of one embodiment of the ladder climbing device of the present invention;

figure 6 is a top view of the guide and ladder of figure 5 in accordance with the present invention;

fig. 7 is a partially enlarged view of the junction between the main ladder and the auxiliary ladder of fig. 5 according to the present invention.

Wherein the reference numerals are as follows: 1. a frame; 2. a traveling mechanism; 3. a ladder climbing device; 31. a guide rail; 311. lifting the wedge block; 32. a guide member; 321. a guide arm; 3211. a first arm; 3212. a second arm; 3213. a first bump; 3214. a second bump; 322. a connecting arm; 33. climbing a ladder; 331. a main ladder; 3311. a main ladder body; 3312. a roller; 332. an auxiliary ladder; 34. a drive mechanism; 341. a mounting seat; 3411. a fixing plate; 3412. mounting a plate; 342. a bracket; 343. a cylinder body; 344. a telescopic rod; 351. and a limiting block.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments that embody features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following description. It is to be understood that the invention is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modification without departing from the scope of the invention, and that the description and drawings are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.

For further explanation of the principles and construction of the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

The utility model provides a vehicle transport vechicle for haulage vehicle, vehicle can be passenger car, for example car.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the vehicle transporter mainly includes a frame 1, a traveling mechanism 2, and a ladder climbing device 3. The ladder climbing device 3 is positioned at the rear end of the vehicle frame 1 and can extend out of the vehicle frame 1 to facilitate the loading and unloading of the vehicle. The ladder climbing device 3 can be accommodated at the bottom of the vehicle frame 1 after the vehicle is loaded and unloaded, so that the vehicle transport vehicle can run conveniently.

The utility model discloses when describing the position to the length direction of vehicle transport vechicle is for indulging, and the width direction of using vehicle transport vechicle is for violently. The direction towards the head of the vehicle transport carriage is forward, and vice versa.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a mainly optimize to cat ladder 33 and rather than relevant connected mode, and frame 1 and running gear 2's correlation structure can refer to correlation technique.

Referring to fig. 3 and 5, the ladder climbing device 3 comprises a guide rail 31, a guide 32, a ladder 33, a drive mechanism 34 and a stop mechanism.

The guide rail 31 is fixed to the frame 1 of the vehicle transport vehicle, and the guide rail 31 extends in the length direction of the frame 1, i.e., the guide rail 31 extends in the longitudinal direction. Specifically, in this embodiment, the number of the guide rails 31 is two, and the guide rails are arranged in parallel and at an interval in the transverse direction.

The guide rail 31 may be a side member of the vehicle body frame 1, or may be separately fixed to the vehicle body frame 1. When the guide rail 31 is configured independently of the side member of the vehicle frame 1, it may be fixedly connected to the side member of the vehicle frame 1 or may be fixedly connected to the cross member of the vehicle frame 1. The guide rail 31 extends horizontally.

In the present embodiment, the guide rails 31 are fixed to the inner sides of the side members of the vehicle body frame 1. Wherein, the area limited by the two longitudinal beams is the inner side, and the other is the outer side.

Specifically, the guide rail 31 is hollow inside for sliding.

The rear end of the guide rail 31 has an inclined surface. The inclined surface is inclined upward from front to rear. In practice, the inclined surface may be formed by fixing a lifting wedge 311 to the inside of the rear end of the guide rail 31. The lifting wedge 311 has a triangular cross-section.

The guide member 32 includes two guide arms 321 and a connecting arm 322 connecting the two guide arms 321.

The two guide arms 321 are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the two guide rails 31, that is, the two guide arms 321 are disposed at intervals in the transverse direction. Each guide arm 321 extends in the longitudinal direction and is slidably engaged with the corresponding guide rail 31, so that the guide arm 321 can slide along the corresponding guide rail 31.

Referring to fig. 4, each guide arm 321 includes a first arm 3211 and a second arm 3212 connected in a longitudinal direction. Specifically, the included angle between the first arm 3211 and the second arm 3212 is an obtuse angle, and the first arm 3211 inclines downward from front to back and the second arm 3212 inclines upward from front to back. Wherein, the side facing the inside of the frame 1 is the inner side, and vice versa. In practical applications, the outer circumference of the bottom of the connection between the first arm 3211 and the second arm 3212 is rounded, that is, the outer circumference of the guide arm 321 contacting the guide rail 31 is rounded, so as to reduce the friction between the guide arm 321 and the guide rail 31.

Further, a front end of the first arm 3211 is provided with a first projection 3213 projecting upward. The outer circumference of the first protrusion 3213 is arc-shaped.

The rear end of the first arm 3211 is provided with a second projection 3214 projecting downward. The outer circumference of the second protrusion 3214 is arc-shaped.

The front end of the second arm 3212 is connected to the rear end of the first arm 3211, and the connection between the second arm 3212 and the first arm 3211 is located behind the second protrusion 3214.

The rear end of the second arm 3212 is provided with a connecting hole, and an axis of the connecting hole extends transversely.

In this embodiment, the length of the second arm 3212 is less than the length of the first arm 3211.

The connecting arm 322 connects and fixes the two first arms 3211, and the connection point between the connecting arm 322 and the first arm 3211 is located between the first projection 3213 and the second projection 3214 in the longitudinal direction.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the ladder 33 includes a main ladder 331 and an auxiliary ladder 332.

The main ladder 331 includes a main ladder body 3311 and rollers 3312 provided at a rear end of the main ladder body 3311.

The main ladder body 3311 includes two side beams arranged in parallel at an interval and a plurality of connection beams connected between the two side beams. The side beams extend in the longitudinal direction and are located inside the guide arms 321. Wherein the area defined between the guide arms 321 is inward, and vice versa.

The front end of the boundary beam is provided with a through hole. The main ladder body 3311 is hingedly connected to the guide 32 by inserting a laterally extending pin into a connecting hole in the second arm 3212 and a through hole in the side sill, thereby hingedly connecting the ladder 33 to the guide 32.

The rear end of the edge beam is provided with an opening.

Referring to fig. 7, the roller shafts extend in the lateral direction and penetrate through the openings of the two side beams, i.e., the roller shafts are disposed at the rear end of the main ladder body 3311. The roller 3312 is sleeved on the roller shaft and can rotate around the roller shaft.

The number of the rollers 3312 is plural, and the rollers are sleeved on the roller shafts at intervals. In this embodiment, the number of the rollers 3312 is four, and the rollers are located between the two side beams. Two of the rollers located at the ends of the roller shaft are end rollers 3312, and two of the rollers located at the middle of the roller shaft are middle rollers 3312. A spacer is provided between the end roller 3312 and the middle roller 3312 and is fitted around the roller shaft to maintain a gap between the end roller 3312 and the middle roller 3312.

As the main ladder body 3311 gradually extends out of the frame 1 and approaches the ground, the rollers 3312 are first landed, and the main ladder body 3311 can be smoothly moved in the longitudinal direction by the rollers 3312 around the roller shafts.

The auxiliary ladder 332 is rotatably coupled to a rear end of the main ladder body 3311 to be relatively close to or far from a front end of the main ladder body 3311, so that the auxiliary ladder 332 can be stacked on the main ladder body 3311 to conveniently accommodate the ladder 33 or the auxiliary ladder 332 can be extended out of the main ladder body 3311 to assemble and disassemble the vehicle. The two side surfaces of the auxiliary ladder 332 are a first side surface and a second side surface, respectively, and when the auxiliary ladder 332 is rotated in a direction close to the front end, the first side surface of the auxiliary ladder 332 can be attached to the surface of the main ladder body 3311 so that the auxiliary ladder 332 is folded on the main ladder body 3311. When the auxiliary ladder 332 is rotated in a direction away from the front end, the auxiliary ladder 332 extends out of the main ladder body 3311 and abuts against the ground, thereby facilitating loading and unloading of the vehicle.

Specifically, the length of the auxiliary ladder 332 is smaller than that of the main ladder 331.

The drive mechanism 34 has a first end and a second end. The second end moves relative to the first end to be close to or far away from the first end, the first end is connected with the frame 1, and the second end is connected with the rear end of the main ladder 331, so that the main ladder 331 is driven to move.

In this embodiment, the driving mechanism 34 is a hydraulic cylinder, and specifically includes a mounting base 341, a bracket 342, a cylinder 343, and an extension rod 344.

The mount 341 is fixed to the middle of the frame 1. Specifically, the mount 341 is fixed to the middle of the frame 1 in the longitudinal direction and the middle in the lateral direction. In the present application, the longitudinal middle portion of the frame 1 does not refer to the center position of the frame 1 in the longitudinal direction, but refers to a region of a certain length range including the center position of the frame 1 in the longitudinal direction, and does not include the end portions of both ends of the frame 1 in the longitudinal direction. The lateral middle portion of the vehicle frame 1 does not refer to the position of the center of the vehicle frame 1 in the width direction, but refers to a region of a certain width range including the position of the center of the vehicle frame 1 in the width direction, excluding the end portions of both ends of the vehicle frame 1 in the width direction.

In the present embodiment, the mount 341 is located at the rear end of the travel mechanism 2 in the longitudinal direction. In the lateral direction, the mount 341 is located at the right center in the lateral direction of the vehicle frame 1.

The mount 341 includes a fixing plate 3411 and a mounting plate 3412. The fixing plate 3411 is vertically disposed and extends in a transverse direction, and a top portion thereof is fixedly connected to a bottom portion of the frame 1. The mounting plate 3412 is perpendicular to the fixing plate 3411 and faces the rear end. The mounting plate 3412 is vertically disposed and extends in a longitudinal direction. The mounting plate 3412 is provided with a mounting hole whose axis extends in the lateral direction. Specifically, the mounting hole is an elongated hole extending in the vertical direction.

The bracket 342 and the mounting seat 341 are longitudinally spaced apart in parallel, and longitudinally aligned with each other. The bracket 342 is near the rear end of the frame 1.

The bracket 342 includes a connecting plate, a supporting plate, and a supporting block. The connecting plate is vertically arranged, and the top of the connecting plate is fixedly connected with the bottom of the frame 1. The length of the connecting plate in the longitudinal direction decreases from the top to the bottom. The supporting plate is vertically connected to the bottom of the connecting plate, and the supporting plate is horizontally arranged and extends along the transverse direction. The supporting block is located the backup pad. Wherein the upper surface of the support block is lower than the lower peripheral wall of the mounting hole of the mounting plate 3412.

The cylinder 343 extends in the longitudinal direction, and has a front end slidably connected to the mount 341 and a rear end extending toward the rear end of the frame 1. The front end of cylinder body 343 has the installation journal stirrup that two intervals set up, and all is equipped with the pilot hole on each installation journal stirrup. When the cylinder 343 is connected with the mounting base 341, the two mounting lugs are respectively arranged on two sides of the mounting plate 3412, that is, the mounting plate 3412 is located between the two mounting lugs, and the cylinder 343 is connected with the mounting base 341 by the pin shaft passing through the two assembling holes and the mounting hole. The pin shaft slides vertically in the mounting hole, and then drives the front end of the cylinder body 343 to move along the vertical direction.

The telescopic rod 344 is disposed in the cylinder 343 and can move in the cylinder 343. The extension rod 344 has a first end and a second end, and when the extension rod 344 is received in the cylinder 343, the first end is close to the front end of the cylinder 343 and the second end is close to the rear end. The second end is connected with a rolling shaft at the rear end of the main ladder 331. Specifically, the second end is located between the two middle rollers 3312.

The front end of the cylinder 343 constitutes the sliding end of the driving mechanism 34, and the second end of the telescopic rod 344 constitutes the free end of the driving mechanism 34.

The principle of the driving mechanism 34 driving the ladder 33 is as follows: the telescopic rod 344 extends out of the cylinder 343, and the telescopic rod 344 drives the main ladder 331 to move outwards. As the main ladder 331 extends outward, the rear end of the main ladder 331 is inclined downward, so that the telescopic rod 344 is inclined downward from front to rear and drives the front end of the cylinder 343 to slide upward so that the cylinder 343 is inclined downward from front to rear, and at this time, the middle part of the cylinder 343 falls on the bracket 342 to support the cylinder 343 through the bracket 342. The telescoping rod 344 continues to extend until the main ladder 331 no longer moves.

The limiting mechanism comprises limiting blocks 351 arranged corresponding to the two guide rails 31. Specifically, the stop blocks 351 are disposed at the rear ends of the corresponding guide rails 31 to stop the first protrusions 3213 of the ladder stand 33, so as to limit the ladder stand 33 to move backward. Namely, the stop block 351 is located behind the first projection 3213 and abuts against the first projection 3213, so that the stop ladder 33 continues to move backwards. In this embodiment, the limiting block 351 is located in front of the lifting wedge 311 along the longitudinal direction. And the spacing between the stop block 351 and the lifting wedge 311 satisfies the following conditions: when the stop block 351 abuts against the first protrusion 3213, the second protrusion 3214 is located on the lifting wedge 311.

Specifically, the front end of the stopper 351 has an inclined surface that is inclined downward from front to rear.

When the vehicle needs to be loaded and unloaded in an initial state where the ladder stand 33 is accommodated in the bottom of the vehicle body frame 1, the ladder stand device 3 in the present embodiment is used as follows:

s1, the driving mechanism 34 is started to extend the telescopic rod 344 outwards.

Specifically, the extension bar 344 extends towards the rear end. The extension rod 344 extends to move the ladder 33 backward and to slide the guide member 32 backward along the guide rail 31.

As the ladder 33 is extended, the ladder 33 and the extension rod 344 are inclined downward from front to rear by the gravity of the extended portion. Since the front end of the ladder stand 33 is hinged to the guide 32 and the front end of the cylinder 343 is hinged to the mounting base 341, the ladder stand 33, the cylinder 343, and the telescopic rod 344 can be tilted downward from front to rear.

S2, the extension rod 344 continues to extend until the limiting block 351 limits the movement of the ladder 33, so that the ladder 33 can not move any more.

Specifically, as the extension rod 344 is extended, the roller 3312 of the main ladder 331 is firstly grounded and then rolls on the ground, and the ladder 33 is further extended.

When the first projection 3213 of the guide 32 abuts against the stopper 351, the guide 32 cannot move backward any more, and the ladder 33 cannot move backward any more.

At this time, the upper surface of the front end of the main step 331 is flush with the upper surface of the rear end of the vehicle frame 1. Specifically, the second protrusion 3214 is supported by the lifting wedge 311, the guide arm 321 is lifted, and the front end of the main ladder 331 is lifted by matching with the structure of the guide arm 321.

S3, the auxiliary ladder 332 is turned from front to back, and the rear end of the auxiliary ladder 332 is brought into contact with the ground to load and unload the vehicle.

Specifically, when the auxiliary ladder 332 is rotated in a direction away from the front end, the auxiliary ladder 332 extends out of the main ladder 331 and abuts against the ground, and the entire ladder stand 33 is inclined downward from front to rear.

The procedure of storing the ladder stand device 3 after the vehicle is loaded and unloaded is reverse to the above procedure.

While the present invention has been described with reference to several exemplary embodiments, it is understood that the terminology used is intended to be in the nature of words of description and illustration, rather than of limitation. As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the above-described embodiments are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing description, but rather should be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore: it is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of the claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A ladder climbing device of a vehicle transportation vehicle, comprising:

a guide member provided at a rear end of the vehicle transport vehicle and slidable in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle transport vehicle;

the front end of the ladder stand is hinged with the guide piece;

the driving mechanism is connected with the crawling ladder and drives the crawling ladder to move and drives the guide piece to slide, so that the crawling ladder can slide to the bottom of a frame of the vehicle transport vehicle or extend out of the frame;

the limiting mechanism is arranged corresponding to the rear end of the vehicle transport vehicle and used for stopping the crawling ladder when the front end of the crawling ladder slides to the rear end of the vehicle transport vehicle;

when the crawling ladder extends out of the frame, the crawling ladder inclines downwards from front to rear, the upper surface of the front end of the crawling ladder is flush with the upper surface of the rear end of the frame, and the rear end of the crawling ladder is abutted to the ground.

2. A ladder climbing device according to claim 1 wherein the guide comprises a guide arm; the guide arm comprises a first arm and a second arm which are connected along the length direction of the guide arm, an included angle between the first arm and the second arm is an obtuse angle, and the second arm inclines upwards from front to back.

3. A ladder climbing device according to claim 2 wherein the guide arm has a downwardly projecting second projection provided at a central portion of the guide arm.

4. A ladder climbing device according to claim 3 wherein the periphery of the second projection is arcuate.

5. The ladder climbing device of claim 1 further comprising a guide rail; the guide rail is fixed on a frame of the vehicle transport vehicle, and the guide rail extends along the length direction of the frame.

6. A ladder climbing device according to claim 5 wherein the rear end of the guide has an inclined face which slopes upwardly from front to rear.

7. The ladder climbing device according to claim 1, wherein the limiting mechanism comprises a limiting block fixed at the rear end of the frame, the front end of the ladder climbing device is provided with a first convex block, and the limiting block stops the first convex block so as to limit the ladder climbing device.

8. A ladder climbing device according to claim 1 wherein the drive mechanism includes a first end and a second end which can be brought towards or away from the first end; the first end is connected with the middle part of the frame in the length direction, the second end is positioned at the rear end of the first end, and the second end is connected with the middle part of the ladder stand in the length direction, so that the second end extends downwards relative to the first end from front to back in a tilting mode.

9. A ladder climbing device according to claim 1, characterised in that the ladder comprises:

the front end of the main ladder is hinged with the rear end of the guide piece;

the auxiliary ladder is rotatably connected with the rear end of the main ladder, so that the auxiliary ladder can be turned over to be stacked on the main ladder or extend out of the main ladder.

10. A vehicle transporter comprising a frame and ladder climbing means as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 located at the rear end of the frame and able to be received in the bottom of the frame or extend outwardly of the frame.