CN212346817U - 可植入假体装置 - Google Patents
可植入假体装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN212346817U CN212346817U CN202020150423.2U CN202020150423U CN212346817U CN 212346817 U CN212346817 U CN 212346817U CN 202020150423 U CN202020150423 U CN 202020150423U CN 212346817 U CN212346817 U CN 212346817U
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fastener
- prosthetic device
- implantable prosthetic
- arm
- barbed
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本实用新型的名称为可植入假体装置。诸如可以用来对医疗患者中的病变心脏瓣膜的差的功能进行治疗的可植入假体装置包括主体部分和锚固件部分,所述锚固件部分包括多个桨状物。附接到桨状物的扣件包括可操作为将该装置固定到患者的天然瓣膜小叶的固定臂和可移动臂。
Description
本申请是分案申请,原申请的申请日为2018年4月17日、申请号为201820542088.3、发明名称为“可植入假体装置”。
技术领域
本申请大体涉及帮助密封天然心脏瓣膜和防止或减少通过其的返流的假体装置和相关方法,以及用于植入这种假体装置的装置和相关方法。
背景技术
天然心脏瓣膜(即,主动脉瓣、肺动脉瓣、三尖瓣和二尖瓣)在保证血液穿过心血管***的充分供应的前向流动方面起到关键作用。这些心脏瓣膜由于先天性畸形、炎性过程、感染性状况或疾病会损坏且因此不太有效。瓣膜的此类损坏会导致严重的心血管危害或死亡。很多年来,对于此类损坏的瓣膜的确定性治疗是在开心手术期间的瓣膜的手术修复或置换。然而,开心手术侵入性极高且容易产生许多并发症。因此,具有有缺陷的心脏瓣膜的老年和虚弱的患者常常得不到治疗。近年来,已经开发经血管技术用于以比开心手术侵入性小得多的方式引入且植入假体装置。用于接近天然二尖瓣和主动脉瓣的一种特定经血管技术是经中隔技术。经中隔技术包括将导管***到右股静脉中,沿着下腔静脉向上且进入右心房。随后穿刺间隔(septum),且将导管传送到左心房中。由于其高成功率,此类经血管技术的普及率已增加。
健康的心脏具有向下部心尖逐渐变窄的大体圆锥形状。心脏具有四个分室,且包括左心房、右心房、左心室和右心室。心脏的左侧和右侧通过通常称作间隔的壁分隔开。人类心脏的天然二尖瓣将左心房连接到左心室。二尖瓣具有与其他天然心脏瓣膜极其不同的解剖结构。二尖瓣包含:环形部分,其是包围二尖瓣孔口的天然瓣膜组织的环形部分;以及从环形向下延伸到左心室中的一对尖点(cusp)或小叶。二尖瓣环可形成“D”形、椭圆形,或另外具有长轴和短轴的失圆(out-of-round)截面形状。前小叶可大于后小叶,从而当其闭合在一起时在小叶的邻接自由边缘之间形成大体“C”形边界。
当恰当地操作时,前小叶和后小叶一起作为单向阀工作,以仅允许血液从左心房向左心室流动。左心房接收来自肺静脉的含氧血液。当左心房的肌肉收缩且左心室扩张(也称为“心室舒张”或“舒张”)时,左心房中收集的含氧血液流动到左心室中。当左心房的肌肉松弛且左心室的肌肉收缩(也称为“心室收缩”或“收缩”)时,左心室中增加的血压促使两个小叶在一起,借此闭合单向二尖瓣,使得血液无法回流到左心房,且改为穿过主动脉瓣从左心室排出。为防止两个小叶在压力下脱垂且穿过二尖瓣环朝向左心房折叠,称为腱索的多个纤维索将小叶系栓到左心室中的***肌。
当在心脏收缩的收缩阶段期间天然二尖瓣未能恰当地闭合且血液从左心室流到左心房中时发生二尖瓣返流。二尖瓣返流是最常见形式的瓣膜性心脏病。二尖瓣返流具有不同起因,例如小叶脱垂、***肌功能异常和/或二尖瓣环由于左心室的扩张而拉伸。小叶的中心部分处的二尖瓣返流可称作中心射流(jet)二尖瓣返流,且更接近小叶的一个连合(即,小叶相遇的位置)的二尖瓣返流可称作偏心射流二尖瓣返流。
用于治疗二尖瓣返流的一些现有技术包含将天然二尖瓣小叶的部分直接彼此缝合。其他现有技术包含使用植入在天然二尖瓣小叶之间的间隔件。不管这些现有技术如何,一直需要用于治疗二尖瓣返流的改进的装置和方法。
实用新型内容
在一个实施方式中,提供了一种可植入假体装置,其包含:主体部分;锚固件部分,锚固件部分包含多个桨状物,桨状物包括外桨状物和内桨状物,并且从折叠的闭合位置可延伸到打开位置;以及扣件,扣件附接到多个桨状物中的每一个,扣件包含:固定臂,固定臂附接到内桨状物;可移动臂,可移动臂具有带倒刺的部分;以及铰链部分,铰链部分将固定臂可铰接地连接到可移动臂;其中当扣件在闭合位置中时,可移动臂基本上平行于固定臂。
在另一个实施方式中,扣件由顶层和底层形成,顶层和底层由形状记忆材料形成。
在另一个实施方式中,顶层和底层仅在一个位置结合,以允许顶层和底层在扣件的打开期间相对于彼此滑动。
在另一个实施方式中,顶层和底层在可移动臂的末端处结合。
在另一个实施方式中,带倒刺的部分包括倒刺和倒刺支撑物,并且其中倒刺由底层形成,并且倒刺支撑物由顶层形成。
在另一个实施方式中,带倒刺的部分包括倒刺和倒刺支撑物,并且其中倒刺由顶层形成,并且倒刺支撑物由底层形成。
在另一个实施方式中,可移动臂包含两个侧梁;以及铰链部分包含两个梁环,每个梁环包含:中心部分,中心部分从固定臂延伸;以及外部分,外部分从中心部分延伸到可移动臂的两个侧梁中的一个。
在另一个实施方式中,固定和可移动臂的邻近铰链部分的末端从彼此偏移一偏移距离。
在另一个实施方式中,扣件由形状记忆材料形成,并且固定和可移动臂被形状定型在预加载位置中,使得当固定臂与可移动臂近似平行时夹紧力存在于固定和可移动臂之间。
在另一个实施方式中,固定臂沿闭合方向越过闭合位置弯曲到预加载位置。
在另一个实施方式中,固定臂沿闭合方向越过闭合位置至45度弯曲到预加载位置。
在另一个实施方式中,固定臂沿闭合方向越过闭合位置至90度弯曲到预加载位置。
在另一个实施方式中,在形状定型之后,通过横杆阻止固定臂返回到预加载位置。
在另一个实施方式中,横杆是一体式横杆。
在另一个实施方式中,当可移动臂打开至相距固定臂180度的完全打开位置时,不超过扣件的材料的塑性极限。
在另一个实施方式中,扣件由具有厚部分和薄部分的形状记忆材料形成。
在另一个实施方式中,扣件由具有厚和薄部分的多个层形成。
在另一个实施方式中,多个层横跨扣件的宽度进行层压。
在另一个实施方式中,倒刺形成在多个层中的至少两个中。
在另一个实施方式中,带倒刺的部分的倒刺沿扣件的长度方向是锥形的。
在另一个实施方式中,铰链部分由大致圆形环的一部分形成。
在另一个实施方式中,扣件中的孔延伸横跨扣件的宽度。
附图说明
本实用新型的这些以及其他特征和优点关于以下描述和附图将会变得更好理解,其中:
图1A-1B和图2-6示出了根据第一实施方式的在各个部署阶段中的可植入假体装置;
图7-12示出了正在递送并且植入在天然二尖瓣内的图1A-1B和图2-6的可植入假体装置;
图13示出了根据第二实施方式的另一可植入假体装置;
图14-25示出了根据第三实施方式的正在递送并且植入在天然二尖瓣内的另一可植入假体装置;
图26示出了根据一个实施方式的用于可植入假体装置的带倒刺的扣件;
图27示出了根据第二实施方式的用于可植入假体装置的带倒刺的扣件;
图28示出了根据第三实施方式的用于可植入假体装置的带倒刺的扣件;
图29-31示出了在各个弯曲阶段中的用于可植入假体装置的带倒刺的扣件的侧视图;
图32示出了根据第四实施方式的用于可植入假体装置的带倒刺的扣件;
图33示出了根据第五实施方式的用于可植入假体装置的带倒刺的扣件;
图34示出了根据第六实施方式的用于可植入假体装置的带倒刺的扣件;
图35示出了根据第七实施方式的用于可植入假体装置的带倒刺的扣件;以及
图36示出了根据第八实施方式的用于可植入假体装置的带倒刺的扣件。
具体实施方式
如本文中公开的,当一个或更多个部件描述为连接、接合、附加、耦接、附接或另外相互连接时,这样的相互连接可以直接在部件之间或可以是间接的(诸如通过一个或更多个中间部件的使用)。而且如本文中描述的,对“构件”、“部件”或“部分”的提及不应当限制为单个结构构件、部件或元件,而是能够包括部件、构件或元件的组装件。而且如本文中描述的,术语“基本上”和“大约”定义为至少靠近(并且包括)给定值或状态(优选在10%内,更优选在1%内,最优选在0.1%内)。
假体间隔件(spacer)装置具有间隔件主体和至少一个锚固件。主体被配置为定位在天然二尖瓣孔口内以帮助在天然小叶之间形成更有效的密封,由此减少或防止二尖瓣返流。主体能够具有血液不可渗透的结构,该结构允许天然小叶在心室收缩期间围绕主体的侧部闭合以阻止血液从左心室流回到左心房中。主体在本文中有时称作间隔件,因为主体能够填充未完全闭合的不恰当地工作的天然二尖瓣小叶之间的空间。
主体能够具有各种形状。在一些实施方式中,主体能够具有拥有圆形截面形状的细长圆柱形形状。在其他实施方式中,主体能够具有椭圆形截面形状、新月形截面形状或各种其他非圆柱形形状。主体能够具有定位在左心房中或左心房附近的心房端或上端、定位在左心室中或左心室附近的心室端或下端,以及在天然二尖瓣小叶之间延伸的环形侧表面。
锚固件能够被配置为将装置固定到天然二尖瓣小叶中的一个或两个,使得主体定位于两个天然小叶之间。在一些实施方式中,锚固件能够在邻近主体的心室端的位置处附接到主体。在一些实施方式中,锚固件能够附接到轴,主体也附接到轴。在一些实施方式中,能够通过沿着轴的纵向轴线单独地移动锚固件和主体中的每一个而使锚固件和主体相对于彼此独立地定位。在一些实施方式中,能够通过沿着轴的纵向轴线一起移动锚固件和主体而使锚固件和主体同时定位。锚固件能够被配置为在植入时定位在天然小叶后方使得小叶被锚固件捕获。
假体装置能够被配置为经由递送鞘植入。主体和锚固件能够压缩到径向压缩状态,且当压缩压力释放时能够自行扩展到径向扩展状态。该装置能够被配置为允许锚固件初始地背离仍压缩的主体径向自行扩展以便在主体和锚固件之间产生间隙。天然小叶能够随后定位在该间隙中。能够随后允许主体径向自行扩展,从而闭合主体和锚固件之间的间隙且将小叶捕获在主体和锚固件之间。各种实施方式的植入方法能够不同,且下文关于每一实施方式更充分地论述。能够在美国专利号8,449,599以及美国专利申请公开号2014/0222136 和2014/0067052、2016/0331523中发现关于这些和其他递送方法的额外信息,上述专利中的每一个以引用方式完全并入本文。
通过使锚固件钩住小叶,利用来自天然腱索的拉力抵抗高收缩压(促使装置朝向左心房),防止公开的假体装置发生心房栓塞。在舒张期间,该装置能够依赖于施加在被锚固件捕获的小叶上的压缩和保持力来抵抗到左心室中的栓塞。
现在参照图1A-1B和2-6,示出了在各个部署阶段中的可植入假体装置100。装置100 从递送鞘102部署,并且包括主体部分104和锚固件部分106。该装置的主体部分104包括用于植入在天然二尖瓣的小叶之间的间隔件110,间隔件110可滑动地附接到致动丝或轴112。致动丝112的致动打开和闭合装置100的锚固件部分106,以在植入期间捕获二尖瓣小叶。致动丝或轴112可以采取多种不同的形式。例如,致动丝或轴可以是带螺纹的,使得致动丝或轴的旋转相对于主体部分104移动锚固件部分106。或,致动丝或轴可以是不带螺纹的,使得推动或拉动致动丝或轴112相对于主体部分104移动锚固件部分106。
装置100的锚固件部分106包括外桨状物120和内桨状物122,外桨状物120和内桨状物122通过铰接部分124、126、128连接在帽114与间隔件110之间。致动丝112延伸通过递送鞘和间隔件110到达锚固件部分106的远端处的帽114。延伸和缩回致动丝112 分别增加和减小间隔件110与帽114之间的间距。套环(未示出)将间隔件100可移除地附接到递送鞘102,使得间隔件100在致动期间沿着致动丝112滑动以打开和闭合锚固件部分106的桨状物120、122。
参照图3,带倒刺的扣件130包括基础或固定臂132、可移动臂134、倒刺136和铰链部分138。固定臂132附接到内桨状物122,其中铰链部分138设置在间隔件110附近。铰链部分138提供带倒刺的扣件130的固定与可移动臂132、134之间的弹簧力。铰链部分 138能够是任何合适的铰链,诸如柔性铰链、弹簧铰链、枢转铰链等。在某些实施方式中,铰链部分138是与固定和可移动臂132、134一体形成的柔性材料件。固定臂132附接到内桨状物122,并且当可移动臂134打开时相对于内桨状物122保持静止,以打开带倒刺的扣件130并且暴露倒刺136。带倒刺的扣件130通过将张力施加于附接到可移动臂134 的末端的致动线116来打开,由此引起可移动臂134在铰链部分138上枢转。
在植入期间,桨状物120、122打开和闭合,以将天然二尖瓣小叶捕获在桨状物120、122与间隔件110之间。带倒刺的扣件130通过接合小叶与倒刺136并且将小叶夹在可移动与固定臂134、132之间来进一步固定天然小叶。带倒刺的扣件130的倒刺136增加与小叶的摩擦,或可以部分地或完全地刺穿小叶。致动线116能够独立地致动,使得每个带倒刺的扣件130能够独立地打开和闭合。独立的操作允许一次捕获一个小叶,或用于将扣件130重新定位在未被充分捕获的小叶上,而不改变其他小叶上的成功夹牢。带倒刺的扣件130不仅独立于彼此打开和闭合,而且能够独立于内桨状物122的位置完全打开和闭合,由此允许小叶按具体情况需要而捕获在各种位置中。
带倒刺的扣件130能够通过拉动延伸通过递送鞘102到达带倒刺的扣件130的末端的被附接的致动线或缝合线116而独立地打开。带倒刺的扣件130能够被弹簧加载,使得在闭合位置中,带倒刺的扣件130继续提供被捕获的天然小叶上的夹紧力。不管内桨状物122的位置如何,该夹紧力保持恒定。带倒刺的扣件130的倒刺136刺穿天然小叶以进一步固定天然小叶。
现在参照图1A,示出了在用于从递送鞘部署的伸长或完全打开状况下的装置100。在伸长状况下,帽114与间隔件110间隔开,使得锚固件部分106的桨状物120、122反转或完全打开。在一些实施方式中,在外和内桨状物120、122的内部之间形成的角度为大约 180度。带倒刺的扣件130在通过递送鞘102的部署期间保持在闭合状况下,使得倒刺136 (图3)不卡住或损坏鞘或患者的心脏中的组织。
现在参照图1B,示出了在与图1A类似的伸长解缠结(detangling)状况下的装置100,但带倒刺的扣件130处于完全打开位置(多达大约180度)。完全打开装置100和扣件130已经被发现改善在装置100的植入期间从患者的解剖结构解缠结(detanglement)的方便性。
现在参照图2,示出了在缩短或完全闭合状况下的装置100。在缩短状况下的装置100 的紧凑尺寸允许心脏内的更容易的操纵和放置。为了将装置100从伸长状况移动到缩短状况,致动丝112缩回以朝向间隔件110拉动帽114。外桨状物120与内桨状物122之间的铰链126在移动方面被限制,使得从正在朝向间隔件110缩回的帽114作用在外桨状物120 上的压缩力引起桨状物120、122径向向外移动。在从打开到闭合位置的移动期间,外桨状物120维持与致动丝112的锐角。在某些实施方式中,铰链部分124是沿闭合方向偏置外桨状物120的弹簧加载的铰链。在致动丝112与外桨状物120之间维持的锐角减少了弹簧加载的铰链124上的应变。内桨状物122在相同的运动期间移动通过相当更大的角度,因为它们在打开状况下被定向远离间隔件110并且在闭合状况下沿着间隔件110的侧面溃缩。在某些实施方式中,内桨状物122薄于外桨状物,并且连接到内桨状物122的铰链部分126、128更薄以允许比将外桨状物124连接到帽114的铰链部分124更多的移动。
现在参照图3-5,示出了在部分打开准备捕获状况下的装置100。为了从完全闭合转变为部分打开状况,致动丝112延伸以推动帽114远离间隔件110,由此拉动外桨状物120,外桨状物120反过来拉动内桨状物122,引起锚固件部分106部分地展开。致动线116也缩回以打开扣件130,使得小叶能够被捕获。
现在参照图4,致动线116中的一个延伸以允许扣件130中的一个闭合。现在参照图5,另一个致动线116延伸以允许另一个扣件130闭合。致动线116中的任一个或两个可以反复地致动,以反复地打开和闭合带倒刺的扣件130。
现在参照图6,示出了在完全闭合并部署状况下的装置100。递送鞘102和致动丝112 缩回,并且桨状物120、122和扣件130维持在完全闭合位置中。一旦部署,装置100就可以利用机械闩锁维持在完全闭合位置中,或可以通过弹簧材料(诸如钢、其他金属、塑料、复合材料等)或形状记忆合金(诸如镍钛诺)的使用被偏置以维持闭合。例如,铰接部分124、126、128、138可以由诸如钢的金属或诸如镍钛诺的形状记忆合金(以线、片、管材或激光烧结粉末的方式生产的)形成,并且被偏置以保持外桨状物120闭合在间隔件 110周围并且带倒刺的扣件130被夹紧在天然小叶周围。类似地,带倒刺的扣件130的固定和可移动臂132、134被偏置以夹紧小叶。在某些实施方式中,铰链部分124、126、128、 138可以由任何其他合适的弹性材料(诸如金属或聚合物材料)形成,以在植入之后将该装置维持在闭合状况下。
现在参照图7-12,示出了正在递送并且植入在心脏10的天然二尖瓣40内的图1A-1B 和2-6的可植入装置100。现在参照图7,递送鞘通过间隔***到左心房20内,并且装置100在完全打开状况下从递送鞘部署。致动丝112然后缩回,以将装置100移动成在图8 中示出的完全闭合状况。如能够在图9中看出的,装置100移动到二尖瓣40内的位置进入心室30并且部分地打开,使得小叶42、44能够被捕获。现在参照图10,致动线116延伸以闭合扣件130中的一个,捕获小叶42。图11示出了另一个致动线116然后正在延伸以闭合另一个扣件130,捕获其余小叶44。最后,如能够在图12中看出的,递送鞘102 和致动丝112然后缩回,并且装置100完全闭合并且部署在天然二尖瓣400中。
现在参照图13,示出了可植入假体装置200。装置200从递送鞘(未示出)部署,并且包括主体部分204和锚固件部分206。该装置的主体部分204包括用于植入在天然二尖瓣的小叶之间的间隔件210,间隔件210可滑动地附接到致动丝或轴212。致动丝212的致动打开和闭合装置200的锚固件部分206,以在植入期间捕获二尖瓣小叶。
装置200的锚固件部分206包括外桨状物220和内桨状物222,外桨状物220和内桨状物222可铰接地连接到帽214和间隔件210。致动丝212延伸通过套环(未示出)、递送鞘和间隔件210到达锚固件部分206的远端处的帽214。延伸和缩回致动丝212分别增加和减小间隔件210与帽214之间的间距。套环将间隔件200的上端211可移除地接合并且附接到递送鞘,使得间隔件200在致动期间沿着致动丝212滑动以打开和闭合锚固件部分 206的桨状物220、222。在一些实施方式中,通过致动丝212保持套环闭合在上端211周围,使得致动丝212的移除允许套环的指状物(未示出)打开,释放间隔件210。
间隔件210和桨状物220、222由可以是网状、织造、编织的覆盖物形成,或以任何其他合适的方式形成。覆盖物可以是织物、提供形状定型能力的形状记忆合金丝(诸如镍钛诺)、或适合于植入在人体中的任何其他柔性材料。桨状物框架224提供外桨状物222 与间隔件210之间的额外夹紧力,并且帮助将小叶包裹在间隔件210的侧面周围以便间隔件210与小叶之间的更好密封。在一些实施方式中,覆盖物围绕桨状物框架224延伸。
带倒刺的扣件230包括基础或固定臂232、可移动臂234、倒刺236和铰链部分238。固定臂232附接到内桨状物222,其中铰链部分238设置在间隔件210附近。缝合线(未示出)通过孔或狭槽233将固定臂232附接到内桨状物222。当可移动臂234打开时,固定臂232相对于内桨状物222保持静止,以打开带倒刺的扣件230并且暴露倒刺236。带倒刺的扣件230通过将张力施加于附接到设置在可移动臂234的末端处的孔235的致动线 (未示出)来打开,由此引起可移动臂234在铰链部分238上枢转。
在植入期间,桨状物220、222打开和闭合,以将天然二尖瓣小叶捕获在桨状物220、222与间隔件210之间。带倒刺的扣件230通过接合小叶与倒刺236并且将小叶夹在可移动与固定臂234、232之间来进一步固定天然小叶。带倒刺的扣件230的倒刺236增加与小叶的摩擦,或可以部分地或完全地刺穿小叶。致动线能够独立地致动,使得每个带倒刺的扣件230能够独立地打开和闭合。独立的操作允许一次捕获一个小叶,或用于将扣件230 重新定位在未被充分捕获的小叶上,而不改变其他小叶上的成功夹牢。带倒刺的扣件230 不仅独立于彼此打开和闭合,而且能够独立于内桨状物222的位置完全打开和闭合,由此允许小叶按照具体情况需要而捕获在各种位置中。
现在参照图14-25,示出了正在递送并且植入在心脏10的天然二尖瓣40内的可植入装置300。装置300类似于图13的可植入装置,但是装置300具有围绕外桨状物320延伸的覆盖物。装置300从递送鞘(未示出)部署,并且包括主体部分304和锚固件部分306。该装置的主体部分304包括用于植入在天然二尖瓣的小叶之间的间隔件310,间隔件310 可滑动地附接到致动丝或轴312。致动丝312的致动打开和闭合装置300的锚固件部分306,以在植入期间捕获二尖瓣小叶。
装置300的锚固件部分306包括外桨状物320和内桨状物322,外桨状物320和内桨状物322可铰接地连接到帽314和间隔件310。致动丝312延伸通过套环303(参见图20)、递送鞘302和间隔件310到达锚固件部分306的远端处的帽314。延伸和缩回致动丝312 分别增加和减小间隔件310与帽314之间的间距。套环303的指状物将间隔件300可移除地附接到递送鞘302,使得间隔件300在致动期间沿着致动丝312滑动以打开和闭合锚固件部分306的桨状物320、322。在一些实施方式中,通过致动丝312保持套环闭合在间隔件310周围,使得致动丝312的移除允许套环303的指状物打开,释放间隔件310。
间隔件310和桨状物320、322由可以是网状、织造、编织的覆盖物形成,或以任何其他合适的方式形成。覆盖物可以是织物、提供形状定型能力的形状记忆合金丝(诸如镍钛诺)、或适合于植入在人体中的任何其他柔性材料。
带倒刺的扣件330包括基础或固定臂332、可移动臂334、倒刺336和铰链部分338。固定臂332附接到内桨状物322,其中铰链部分338设置在间隔件310附近。缝合线(未示出)将固定臂332附接到内桨状物322。当可移动臂334打开时,固定臂332保持静止,以打开带倒刺的扣件330并且暴露倒刺336。带倒刺的扣件330通过将张力施加于附接到可移动臂334的末端处的致动线316来打开,由此引起可移动臂334在铰链部分338上枢转。
在植入期间,桨状物320、322打开和闭合,以将天然二尖瓣小叶捕获在桨状物320、322与间隔件310之间。外桨状物320具有配合在间隔件310的曲形形状周围的宽曲形形状,以更牢固地夹牢小叶。外桨状物320的曲形形状和圆形边缘也阻止小叶组织的撕裂。带倒刺的扣件330通过接合小叶与倒刺336并且将小叶夹在可移动与固定臂334、332之间来进一步固定天然小叶。带倒刺的扣件330的倒刺336增加与小叶的摩擦,或可以部分地或完全地刺穿小叶。致动线能够独立地致动,使得每个带倒刺的扣件330能够独立地打开和闭合。独立的操作允许一次捕获一个小叶,或用于将扣件330重新定位在未被充分捕获的小叶上,而不改变其他小叶上的成功夹牢。带倒刺的扣件330不仅独立于彼此打开和闭合,而且能够独立于内桨状物322的位置完全打开和闭合,由此允许小叶按照具体情况需要而捕获在各种位置中。
现在参照图14,递送鞘通过间隔***到左心房20内,并且装置300在完全打开状况下从递送鞘部署。致动丝312然后缩回,以将装置300移动成在图15-16中示出的完全闭合状况,并且如在图17中示出的那样朝向二尖瓣40操纵。现在参照图18,当装置300与二尖瓣40对准时,致动丝312延伸以将桨状物320、322打开成部分打开位置,并且致动线316缩回以打开带倒刺的扣件330为小叶捕获作准备。接下来,如在图19-20中示出的,部分打开的装置300***通过二尖瓣40,直至小叶适当地定位在内桨状物322与间隔件 310之间中且在打开的带倒刺的扣件330内部。图21示出了在两个扣件330闭合但是一个扣件330的倒刺336错过小叶44中的一个的情况下的装置300。如能够在图22-23中看出的,不当位置的扣件330再次打开并且闭合以适当地捕获错过的小叶44。当两个小叶42、 44都被适当地捕获时,致动丝312缩回以将装置300以移动成在图24中示出的完全闭合位置。由于装置300完全植入在天然二尖瓣40中,致动丝312撤回以从间隔件310的上端或板311释放套环303。一旦部署,装置300就可以利用诸如闩锁的机械装置维持在完全闭合位置中,或可以通过弹簧材料(诸如钢)和/或形状记忆合金(诸如镍钛诺)的使用被偏置以维持闭合。例如,桨状物320、322可以由钢或镍钛诺形状记忆合金——以线、片、管材或激光烧结粉末的方式生产——形成,并且被偏置以保持外桨状物320闭合在间隔件310周围并且带倒刺的扣件330被夹紧在天然小叶周围。
现在参照图26,示出了用于在可植入假体装置(诸如上面描述的装置100、200、300) 中使用的示例性带倒刺的扣件400。带倒刺的扣件400由顶层402和底层404形成。扣件400的两层设计允许更薄的材料片被使用,由此改善扣件400相对于由单个更厚片形成的扣件的柔性,同时维持成功保持天然瓣膜小叶所需的扣件400的强度。
带倒刺的扣件400包括固定臂410、铰接部分420和具有带倒刺的部分440的可移动臂430。顶层和底层402、404具有类似的形状,并且在某些实施方式中,在带倒刺的末端 440处附接到彼此。铰接部分420是弹簧加载的,使得当带倒刺的扣件400在闭合状况下时,固定和可移动臂410、430朝向彼此被偏置。当组装到可植入假体装置时,固定臂410 附接到假体装置的一部分。扣件400通过拉动附接到可移动臂430的致动线直至铰链部分的弹簧力420被克服来打开。
固定臂410由从铰接部分420在可移动臂430的两个侧梁431之间延伸的材料的舌状物411形成。舌状物411通过铰链部分420偏置在侧梁431之间,使得力必须被施加以将舌状物411从位于侧梁431之外的中立位置移动到与侧梁431基本上平行的预加载位置。舌状物411通过附接到舌状物411并且向外延伸以接合侧梁431的T形横杆414保持在预加载位置中。在某些实施方式中,当舌状物在中立位置中时固定和可移动臂410、430之间的角度为大约30至大约100度、30至大约90度、或大约30至大约60度、或大约40 至大约50度、或大约45度。
舌状物411包括用于接收将固定臂410附接到可植入装置的缝合线(未示出)的孔412。在某些实施方式中,孔412是细长狭槽或椭圆形孔以适应层402、404的滑动而不损坏将扣件400附接到可植入装置的缝合线。
铰链部分420由从固定臂410的舌状物411延伸到可移动臂430的侧梁431的两个梁环422形成。在某些实施方式中,梁环422比舌状物411和侧梁431更窄,以提供额外的柔性。梁环422均包括从舌状物411延伸的中心部分424和延伸到侧梁431的外部分426。通过沿相反方向弯曲中心和外部分424、426,梁环422弯曲成稍微螺旋形或卷旋形形状,由此在舌状物411与侧梁431之间形成偏移或步距428。步距428在臂410、430之间提供了空间以在二尖瓣的天然小叶被捕获之后适应二尖瓣的天然小叶。在某些实施方式中,步距428为大约0.5毫米至大约1毫米、或大约0.75毫米。
当在俯视图中进行观察时,梁环具有“Ω状”形状。梁环422的这种形状允许固定和可移动臂410、430相对于彼此相当大地移动而不使扣件材料塑性地变形。例如,在某些实施方式中,舌状物411能够从可移动臂430之外大约45度的中立位置枢转到相距可移动臂430大约180度的完全打开位置而不使扣件材料塑性地变形。在某些实施方式中,扣件材料在打开期间塑性地变形而不减少或基本上不减少在闭合位置中施加在固定和可移动臂之间的夹紧力。
预加载舌状物411使得扣件400能够在闭合时维持天然小叶上的夹紧或夹持力,同时也能够敞开以更容易地捕获天然小叶。舌状物411的预加载提供了优于当闭合时提供很小或不提供夹紧力的现有技术夹子的显著优点。此外,利用弹簧力闭合扣件400是相对于使用一次锁定闭合机构的夹子的显著改善,因为扣件400能够反复地打开和闭合以便重新定位在小叶上,同时当闭合时仍然维持足够的夹紧力。
可移动臂430的带倒刺的部分440包括孔眼442、倒刺444和倒刺支撑物446。将扣件400的带倒刺的部分定位在可移动臂430的末端处增加了当扣件400打开时倒刺444与固定臂410之间的空间,由此改善扣件400在植入期间成功捕获小叶的能力。该距离允许倒刺444与小叶更可靠地分离以便重新定位。在某些实施方式中,扣件的倒刺可以纵向地错开以进一步分布夹紧力和局部小叶应力。
倒刺444在相距铰链部分420的相同距离处横向地间隔开,提供夹紧力在小叶组织上的较好分布,同时也使扣件比以纵向行布置的倒刺更强大地捕获小叶。在一些实施方式中,倒刺444能够错开以进一步分布夹紧力和局部小叶应力。
倒刺442由底层404形成,并且倒刺支撑物446由顶层形成。在某些实施方式中,倒刺由顶层402形成,并且倒刺支撑物由底层404形成。仅在两个层402、404中的一个中形成倒刺444允许倒刺比由两倍厚的相同材料的倒刺更薄并且因此有效地更尖锐。倒刺支撑物446沿着倒刺444的下部分延伸以使倒刺444硬化,进一步改善小叶组织的刺穿和保持。在某些实施方式中,倒刺444的末端使用任何合适的尖锐装置进一步尖锐化。
倒刺444远离可移动臂430成一角度,使得它们以极小的夹紧或夹持力容易地刺穿天然小叶的组织。倒刺444以大约45度至大约475度、或大约45度至大约60度、或大约 48至大约56度、或大约52度的角度从可移动臂延伸。倒刺444的角度提供了进一步的益处,因为将植入物拉离天然小叶的力将会促进倒刺444进一步接合组织,由此确保更好的保持。小叶在扣件400中的保持通过当扣件400闭合时T形横杆414在倒刺444附近的位置来进一步改善。在这种布置中,倒刺444刺穿的组织在横杆414位置处夹在可移动臂430 上,由此当组织在倒刺444上面经过时使组织形成S形曲折路径。因此,拉动小叶远离扣件400的力将会在小叶能够逃离之前促进组织进一步接合倒刺444。
扣件400的每个层402、404由形状记忆合金片(诸如镍钛诺)激光切割而成。顶层402对准并且附接到底层404。在某些实施方式中,层402、404附接在可移动臂430的带倒刺的末端440处。例如,层402、404可以仅附接在带倒刺的末端440处,以允许层的其余部分相对于彼此滑动。组合层402、404的多个部分(诸如固定臂410、倒刺444和倒刺支撑物446、以及梁环422)弯曲成期望的位置。扣件400然后经受形状定型过程,使得材料的内力将会在经受通过外力的变形之后趋向于返回到定型形状。在形状定型之后,舌状物411移动到其预加载位置,使得横杆414能够附接。因此,扣件400能够完全变平以便递送通过递送鞘,并且一旦部署在心脏内就允许扩展。
扣件400通过施加和释放附接到可移动臂430的缝合线(未示出)上的张力而打开和闭合。缝合线***通过可移动臂430的带倒刺的部分440附近的孔眼442,并且在返回到递送鞘之前包裹在可移动臂430的末端周围。在某些实施方式中,使中间缝合线环通过孔眼,并且缝合线***通过中间环。相对于致动缝合线与扣件材料之间的摩擦,缝合线材料的中间环减小了由致动缝合线经历的摩擦。当缝合线穿过孔眼442或中间环时,致动缝合线的两个末端延伸回到并且通过递送鞘102(参见图1A)。通过近侧地拉动缝合线的一端直至缝合线的另一端拉过孔眼或中间环并且回到递送鞘内能够移除缝合线。
现在参照图27,示出了用于在可植入假体装置(诸如上面描述的装置100、200、300) 中使用的示例性带倒刺的扣件500。带倒刺的扣件500与带倒刺的扣件400基本上相同,除了带倒刺的扣件500包括横跨开口542而非孔442设置的缝合线销543。带倒刺的扣件500由顶层502和底层504形成。扣件500的两层设计允许更薄的材料片被使用,由此改善扣件500相对于由单个更厚片形成的扣件的柔性,同时维持成功保持天然瓣膜小叶所需的扣件500的强度。
带倒刺的扣件500包括固定臂510、铰接部分520和具有带倒刺的部分540的可移动臂530。顶层和底层502、504具有类似的形状,并且在某些实施方式中,在带倒刺的末端 540处附接到彼此。铰接部分520是弹簧加载的,使得当带倒刺的扣件500在闭合状况下时,固定和可移动臂510、530朝向彼此偏置。当组装到可植入假体装置时,固定臂510 附接到假体装置的一部分。扣件500通过拉动附接到可移动臂530的致动线直至铰链部分的弹簧力520被克服来打开。
固定臂510由从铰接部分520在可移动臂530的两个侧梁531之间延伸的材料的舌状物511形成。舌状物511通过铰链部分520偏置在侧梁531之间,使得力必须被施加以将舌状物511从位于侧梁531之外的中立位置移动到与侧梁531基本上平行的预加载位置。舌状物511通过附接到舌状物511并且向外延伸以接合侧梁531的T形横杆514保持在预加载位置中。在某些实施方式中,当舌状物在中立位置中时固定和可移动臂510、530之间的角度为大约30至大约100度、30至大约90度、或大约30至大约60度、或大约40 至大约50度、或大约45度。
舌状物511包括用于接收将固定臂510附接到可植入装置的缝合线(未示出)的孔512。在某些实施方式中,孔512是细长狭槽或椭圆形孔以适应层502、504的滑动而不损坏将扣件500附接到可植入装置的缝合线。
铰链部分520由从固定臂510的舌状物511延伸到可移动臂530的侧梁531的两个梁环522形成。在某些实施方式中,梁环522比舌状物511和侧梁531更窄,以提供额外的柔性。梁环522均包括从舌状物511延伸的中心部分524和延伸到侧梁531的外部分526。通过沿相反方向弯曲中心和外部分524、526,梁环522弯曲成稍微螺旋形或卷旋形形状,由此在舌状物511与侧梁531形成偏移或步距528。步距528在臂510、530之间提供了空间以在二尖瓣的天然小叶被捕获之后适应二尖瓣的天然小叶。在某些实施方式中,步距528 为大约0.5毫米至大约1毫米、或大约0.75毫米。
当在俯视图中进行观察时,梁环具有“Ω状”形状。梁环522的这种形状允许固定和可移动臂510、530相对于彼此相当大地移动而不使扣件材料塑性地变形。例如,在某些实施方式中,舌状物511能够从可移动臂530之外大约45度的中立位置枢转到相距可移动臂530大约180度的完全打开位置而不使扣件材料塑性地变形。在某些实施方式中,扣件材料在打开期间塑性地变形而不减少在闭合位置中施加在固定和可移动臂之间的夹紧力。
预加载舌状物511使得扣件500能够在闭合时维持天然小叶上的夹紧或夹持力,同时也能够敞开以更容易地捕获天然小叶。舌状物511的预加载提供了优于当闭合时提供很小或不提供夹紧力的现有技术夹子的显著优点。此外,利用弹簧力闭合扣件500是相对于使用一次锁定闭合机构的夹子的显著改善,因为扣件500能够反复地打开和闭合以便重新定位在小叶上,同时当闭合时仍然维持足够的夹紧力。
可移动臂530的带倒刺的部分540包括孔眼542、倒刺544和倒刺支撑物546。将扣件500的带倒刺的部分定位在可移动臂530的末端处增加了当扣件500打开时倒刺544与固定臂510之间的空间,由此改善扣件500在植入期间成功捕获小叶的能力。该距离允许倒刺544与小叶更可靠地分离以便重新定位。在某些实施方式中,扣件的倒刺可以纵向地错开以进一步分布夹紧力和局部小叶应力。
倒刺544在相距铰链部分520的相同距离处横向地间隔开,提供夹紧力在小叶组织上的较好分布,同时也使扣件比以纵向行布置的倒刺更强大地捕获小叶。
倒刺544由底层504形成,并且倒刺支撑物546由顶层形成。仅在两个层502、504 中的一个中形成倒刺544允许倒刺比由两倍厚的相同材料的倒刺更薄并且因此有效地更尖锐。倒刺支撑物546沿着倒刺544的下部分延伸以使倒刺544硬化,进一步改善小叶组织的刺穿和保持。在某些实施方式中,倒刺544的末端使用任何合适的尖锐装置进一步尖锐化。
倒刺544远离可移动臂530成一角度,使得它们以极小的夹紧或夹持力容易地刺穿天然小叶的组织。倒刺544以大约45度至大约75度、或大约45度至大约60度、或大约48 至大约56度、或大约52度的角度从可移动臂延伸。倒刺544的角度提供了进一步的益处,因为将植入物拉离天然小叶的力将会促进倒刺544进一步接合组织,由此确保更好的保持。小叶在扣件500中的保持通过当扣件500闭合时T形横杆514在倒刺544附近的位置来进一步改善。在这种布置中,倒刺544刺穿的组织在横杆514位置处夹在可移动臂530上,由此当组织在倒刺544上面经过时使组织形成S形曲折路径。因此,拉动小叶远离扣件500 的力将会在小叶能够逃离之前促进组织进一步接合倒刺544。
扣件500的每个层502、504由形状记忆合金片(诸如镍钛诺)激光切割而成。顶层502对准并且附接到底层504。在某些实施方式中,层502、504附接在可移动臂530的带倒刺的末端540处。例如,层402、404可以仅附接在带倒刺的末端440处,以允许层的其余部分相对于彼此滑动。组合层502、504的多个部分(诸如固定臂510、倒刺544和倒刺支撑物546、以及梁环522)弯曲成期望的位置。扣件500然后经受形状定型过程,使得材料的内力将会在经受通过外力的变形之后趋向于定型形状。在形状定型之后,舌状物 511移动到其预加载位置,使得横杆514能够附接。因此,扣件500能够完全变平以便递送通过递送鞘,并且一旦部署在心脏内就允许扩展。
扣件500通过施加和释放附接到可移动臂530上的缝合线(未示出)上的张力而打开和闭合。缝合线***通过可移动臂530中的开口542,并且环绕在设置在开口542中的销543周围。销543的光滑圆形形状允许张力从许多方向施加于可移动臂530而不引起缝合线磨损。在某些实施方式中,使中间缝合线环通过开口并围绕销,并且缝合线***通过中间环。相对于致动缝合线与扣件材料之间的摩擦,缝合线材料的中间环减小了由致动缝合线经历的摩擦。当致动缝合线环绕销543时,缝合线的两个末端延伸回到并且通过递送鞘 102(参见图1A)。通过近侧地拉动缝合线的一端直至缝合线的另一端拉动围绕销543并且回到递送鞘内能够移除缝合线。
现在参照图28-31,示出了在各种弯曲位置中的与带倒刺的扣件400和500类似的示例性带倒刺的扣件600,以图示形成倒刺扣件400、500和600的层的独立移动。带倒刺的扣件600由顶层602和底层604形成。带倒刺的扣件600包括可移动臂620、固定臂622、铰链部分624。可移动臂620包括具有倒刺628的带倒刺的部分626。带倒刺的扣件600 不包括防止可移动臂620移动经过固定臂622的横杆。代替横杆,可移动臂620通过内桨状物(未示出)与固定臂622一起保持在闭合位置中。为了更好地图示扣件600的预加载,图28-31示出了固定臂622相对于静止可移动臂620移动。然而,当组装到可植入装置时,可移动臂620将会相对于附接到该装置的固定臂622移动。
现在参照图28-29,示出了在预加载或形状定型状况下的扣件600。在形状定型操作执行之前,固定臂622在可移动臂620下方弯曲一角度610。力然后必须施加以使固定臂622 返回到与可移动臂620的平行关系。因此,增加预加载角度610增加了移动固定臂622所需的力,由此增加当扣件600闭合时将臂620、622夹在一起的预加载弹簧力。换言之,角度610越大,由臂620、622施加于捕获的组织的弹簧力越大。
现在参照图30-31,示出了打开至打开角度612的扣件600。如能够在图30和31中看出的,当扣件600打开时,铰链部分624的梁环趋向于分开。允许层602、604在弯曲期间分开减少了材料上的应变,由此进一步增加能够在扣件材料的塑性变形之前实现的最大打开角度612。如上面提及的,铰链部分624成形为形成稍微螺旋形或卷旋形梁环,由此在620、622之间形成允许小叶组织被捕获的间隙或步距614(图29)。
当扣件600打开时,固定臂622中的层602、604相对于彼此滑动。在一些实施方式中,通过固定臂622的孔是细长的,使得将固定臂622固定到可植入装置的缝合线不被层的滑动移动夹紧,层602、604也不被限制滑动,这减少了由扣件材料经历的应变。
现在参照图32-35,示出了示例性倒刺扣件700、800、900和1000。如同扣件400、500、600,倒刺扣件700、800、900和1000能够在上面描述的可植入装置100、200和300 中使用。然而,不像带倒刺的扣件400、500、600,带倒刺的扣件700、800、900和1000 通过从扣件的侧面而非从顶部激光切割材料来形成。从侧面的激光切割减少了制造扣件所需的操作,并且允许扣件的厚度改变以基于每个部分的功能改变扣件的多个部分的弯曲性质。例如,铰链部分可以更薄以提供更多柔性,而臂可以加厚以提供更多硬度。
现在参照图32,示出了层压的倒刺扣件700。倒刺扣件700具有厚和薄部分702、704,并且由交替的间隔层706和倒刺层708形成以形成层压的结构。扣件700包括可移动臂720、固定臂722和铰链部分724。可移动臂720包括带倒刺的部分726,带倒刺的部分726具有形成在倒刺层708中的倒刺728。通过从侧面激光切割形成层706、708允许倒刺728是锥形的,由此提供具有尖点的硬倒刺。固定臂722包括将扣件700固定到可植入装置的孔。当组装到可植入装置时,固定臂722通过附接的内桨状物延伸,因此天然组织夹在该装置的可移动臂720与内桨状物之间。
现在参照图33-35,示出了示例性倒刺扣件800、900、1000。扣件800、900、1000在总体形状上类似,同时图示了当从侧面激光切割扣件时可能的各种厚度。扣件800、900、 1000具有薄部分804、904、1004和厚部分802、902、1002。扣件800、900、1000包括可移动臂820、920、1020、固定臂822、922、1022、铰链部分824、924、1024。可移动臂820、920、1020包括具有与扣件700的倒刺726类似的倒刺(未示出)的倒刺部分826、 926、1026。如能够在图33-35中看出的,孔能够提供在固定臂822、922、1022中,以将扣件800、900、1000固定到可植入装置。当组装到可植入装置时,固定臂822、922、1022 通过附接的内桨状物延伸,因此天然组织夹在该装置的可移动臂820、920、1020与内桨状物之间。
现在参照图36,示出了与带倒刺的扣件400、500、600类似的示例性带倒刺的扣件1100。然而,不像带倒刺的扣件400、500、600,带倒刺的扣件1100由在厚部分1102与薄部分1104之间在厚度上改变的单个材料层形成。带倒刺的扣件1100包括固定臂1110、铰链部分1120和可移动臂1130。固定臂1110包括附接孔1112和任选的一体式横杆1114。铰链部分1120包括由薄部分1104形成的弓形铰链1122。可移动臂1130包括具有倒刺1144的带倒刺的部分1140。缝合线(未示出)能够附接到带倒刺的部分1140附近的孔眼1142以打开和闭合扣件1100。
为了形成带倒刺的扣件1100,材料片被变薄以形成薄部分1104。扣件1100的形状然后从材料片激光切割,使得铰链部分1120与薄部分1104对准。倒刺1144和固定臂1110 然后在形状定型之前弯曲成在图36中示出的位置。固定臂1110的任选T形横杆1114必须被扭转以将它***通过可移动臂1130中的狭槽以便形状定型,并且将臂1110、1130从预加载位置移动到闭合位置。在某些实施方式中,任选的T形横杆1114省略、更小、或可选地用可移动臂1130中的止裂槽(relief)来代替,以促进制造和形状定型的容易性。在形状定型之后,横杆被扭转,被向后移动通过狭槽,并且被定位在厚部分1102的顶部上。横杆1114以与横杆414(参见图26)大致相同的方式进行定位。
如同上面描述的扣件400、500,扣件1100能够完全打开而不使扣件材料塑性地变形,同时当闭合时仍然提供夹紧力。相比于上面的扣件,需要更少的步骤来制造扣件1100,因为扣件1100从单个材料片进行切割,并不需要焊接步骤将材料层焊接在一起。
虽然公开内容的各个创造性方面、构思和特征可以在本文中描述并且图示为结合示例性实施方式进行体现,但是这些各个方面、构思和特征可以在许多可选实施方式中单独地或以其各种组合或子组合的方式使用。除非本文中明确排除,所有此类组合和子组合都旨在本申请的范围内。此外,虽然关于公开内容的各个方面、构思和特征的可选实施方式(诸如可选材料、结构、配置、方法、装置和部件,关于形式、配合和功能的替代选择等)可以在本文中进行描述,但是此类描述不旨在是可获得的可选实施方式(不论是目前已知的还是以后研发的)的充分或详尽的列表。本领域技术人员可以容易地将创造性方面、构思和特征中的一个或更多个采用到本申请的范围内的另外实施方式和用途中,即使此类实施方式未在本文中明确地公开。
此外,即使公开内容的一些特征、构思或方面可以在本文中描述为是优选的布置或方法,但是这样的描述不旨在暗示这样的特征是需要的或必要的,除非明确地如此阐述。此外,示例性或代表性值和范围可以被包括以帮助理解本申请,然而,此类值和范围不在限制的意义上进行解释,并且旨在是临界值或范围,除非如此明确地阐述。
而且,虽然各个方面、特征和构思可以在本文中明确地识别为是公开内容的创造性或形成部分,这样的识别不旨在是排他性的,而是可以存在在本文中被充分描述而不被如此明确地识别或作为特定公开内容的一部分的创造性方面、构思和特征,公开内容相反在所附的权利要求中进行阐述。示例性方法或过程的描述不被限制为包括如在所有实例中所需要的所有步骤,呈现步骤的顺序也不被解释为需要或必要的,除非明确地如此阐述。在权利要求中使用的词语具有其完全普通的意义,并不通过说明书中的实施方式的描述以任何方式进行限制。
Claims (22)
1.一种可植入假体装置,其包含:
多个桨状物,所述桨状物包括外桨状物部分和内桨状物部分,并且从折叠的闭合位置可延伸到打开位置;以及
扣件,所述扣件附接到所述多个桨状物中的每一个,所述扣件包含:
固定臂,所述固定臂附接到所述内桨状物;
可移动臂,所述可移动臂具有带倒刺的部分;以及
铰链部分,所述铰链部分将所述固定臂可铰接地连接到所述可移动臂;
其中当所述扣件在所述折叠的闭合位置中时,所述可移动臂基本上平行于所述固定臂,以及当所述扣件在所述打开位置中时,所述可移动臂相对于所述固定臂成角度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述扣件由顶层和底层形成,所述顶层和底层由形状记忆材料形成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述顶层和底层仅在一个位置结合,以允许所述顶层和底层在所述扣件的打开期间相对于彼此滑动。
4.根据权利要求3所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述顶层和底层在所述可移动臂的末端处结合。
5.根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述带倒刺的部分包括倒刺和倒刺支撑物,并且其中所述倒刺由所述底层形成,并且所述倒刺支撑物由所述顶层形成。
6.根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述带倒刺的部分包括倒刺和倒刺支撑物,并且其中所述倒刺由所述顶层形成,并且所述倒刺支撑物由所述底层形成。
7.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于:
所述可移动臂包含两个侧梁;以及
所述铰链部分包含两个梁环,每个梁环包含:
中心部分,所述中心部分从所述固定臂延伸;以及
外部分,所述外部分从所述中心部分延伸到所述可移动臂的所述两个侧梁中的一个。
8.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述固定和可移动臂的邻近所述铰链部分的末端从彼此偏移一偏移距离。
9.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述扣件由形状记忆材料形成,并且所述固定和可移动臂被形状定型在预加载位置中,使得当所述固定臂与所述可移动臂近似平行时夹紧力存在于所述固定和可移动臂之间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述固定臂沿闭合方向越过所述闭合位置弯曲到所述预加载位置。
11.根据权利要求9所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述固定臂沿闭合方向越过所述闭合位置至45度弯曲到所述预加载位置。
12.根据权利要求9所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述固定臂沿闭合方向越过所述闭合位置至90度弯曲到所述预加载位置。
13.根据权利要求9所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于在形状定型之后,通过横杆阻止所述固定臂返回到所述预加载位置。
14.根据权利要求13所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述横杆是一体式横杆。
15.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于当所述可移动臂打开至相距所述固定臂180度的完全打开位置时,不超过所述扣件的材料的塑性极限。
16.根据权利要求1所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述扣件由具有厚部分和薄部分的形状记忆材料形成。
17.根据权利要求16所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述扣件由具有厚和薄部分的多个层形成。
18.根据权利要求17所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述多个层横跨所述扣件的宽度进行层压。
19.根据权利要求16-18中任一项所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于倒刺形成在所述多个层中的至少两个中。
20.根据权利要求1-4和16-18中任一项所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述带倒刺的部分的倒刺沿所述扣件的长度方向是锥形的。
21.根据权利要求1-4和16-18中任一项所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述铰链部分由大致圆形环的一部分形成。
22.根据权利要求1-4和16-18中任一项所述的可植入假体装置,其特征在于所述扣件中的孔延伸横跨所述扣件的宽度。
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