CN212319689U

CN212319689U - Low-emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler separation return material regulation and control system

Info

Publication number: CN212319689U
Application number: CN202020856441.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张福强
Original assignee: Harbin Hongguang Boiler General Factory Co ltd
Current assignee: Harbin Hongguang Boiler General Factory Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-05-20
Filing date: 2020-05-20
Publication date: 2021-01-08
Anticipated expiration: 2030-05-20

Abstract

The separation material returning regulation and control system comprises a hearth, a separator, a material returning device, a slag discharge pipe, a slag discharge regulating valve, a slag cooler, an ash discharge pipe, an ash discharge regulating valve, an ash cooling slag machine, an ash discharge pipe, an ash discharge regulating valve, an ash cooling machine and an ash removing machine; the inlet end of the ash discharge pipe extends into the air chamber and the return materialThe bottom of the valve is communicated, the outlet end of the ash discharge pipe is connected with an ash cooling machine, the ash cooling machine is connected with an ash removal machine, a fixed cylinder is arranged at the top of the vertical section of the separator, the fixed cylinder is connected with a tail flue, the wall surface of the fixed cylinder is provided with a through group of through holes, and the movable cylinder is fixed in the fixed cylinder through a group of through holes and a step-type shaft pin of any group of through holes to realize position adjustment; the cold slag machine and the cold slag machine are respectively connected with the ash remover. The utility model has the advantages of reasonable design, it is controllable to realize separating returning charge ash volume, arrange ash sediment and/or arrange the ash, and the boiler can long-term safety and stability high-efficient operation, NO_XAnd SO₂And (4) ultralow pollutant emission.

Description

Low-emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler separation return material regulation and control system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a boiler separation returning charge regulation and control system, in particular to low emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler separation returning charge regulation and control system.

Background

The circulating fluidized bed boiler is an environment-friendly and energy-saving combustion technology, and realizes optimization of a combustion system along with application of a low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler adopting a high-efficiency separator and a self-balancing material returning device, so that a flow state is formed again, a better low-emission effect of pollutants is obtained, but safe and stable operation, energy-saving combustion and environment-friendly emission of the boiler can be influenced by fuel replacement and load sudden change. As the separation efficiency of the boiler is improved, the fine ash in the circulating material is increased, the bed quality is improved, the bed storage is reduced, the combustion efficiency is improved, and the low-nitrogen combustion is realized. However, the problem of excessive fine ash in the circulating material occurs when the boiler operates under low load or the calorific value of the fuel is reduced, so that the lower bed temperature of the hearth is too low, unstable combustion and flameout, incomplete combustion of the fuel, reduction of the desulfurization efficiency in the boiler and the like can occur, and the stable operation, the high-efficiency combustion and the ultralow emission of pollutants of the boiler are not facilitated.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model discloses a solve present low emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler load decline or fuel calorific value when reducing the circulating material volume too much, there is the unstable flame-out of burning, and desulfurization efficiency descends in the stove, and boiler combustion efficiency is low, the pollutant discharges high problem, and then provides a low emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler separation returning charge regulation and control system.

The technical scheme of the utility model is that: the low-emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler separation material returning regulation and control system comprises a hearth, a separator and a material returning device; the separation material returning regulation and control system further comprises a slag discharge pipe, a slag discharge regulating valve, a slag cooler, an ash discharge pipe, an ash discharge regulating valve, an ash cooler and an ash remover;

the vertical material pipe of the return feeder is arranged on the upper part of a return valve of the return feeder, a return leg of the return feeder is arranged on the side surface of the return valve, a hood of the return feeder is arranged at the bottom of the return valve, an air chamber of the return feeder is arranged on the lower part of the return valve, the inlet end of an ash discharge pipe extends into the air chamber and is communicated with the bottom of the return valve, the outlet end of the ash discharge pipe is connected with an ash cooling machine, an ash discharge regulating valve is arranged on the ash discharge pipe, the ash cooling machine is connected with an ash removal machine, the return leg is communicated with the rear lower part of a hearth, a plurality of observation holes are vertically arranged on the vertical material pipe of the return feeder, and a limestone desulfurization interface is arranged on the return leg;

the center cylinder of separator includes a fixed cylinder and a movable cylinder, the fixed cylinder is installed at the vertical section top of separator, the fixed cylinder is connected with the afterbody flue, be provided with the multiunit via hole along length direction on the movable cylinder wall, it has a set of through-hole that link up to open on the fixed cylinder wall, the movable cylinder realizes the position adjustable in the fixed cylinder through the round pin axle fixation of a set of through-hole and arbitrary a set of via hole, center cylinder length is variable, the lateral part equipartition of importing and exporting the speed governing section is provided with a plurality of SNCR denitration interfaces. An inlet and outlet speed regulating section of the separator is arranged on the side surface of a vertical section of the separator, a conical section of the separator is arranged on the lower part of the vertical section, the inlet and outlet speed regulating section is connected with a rear outlet on the upper part of the hearth, and the conical section is connected with the vertical material pipe;

the slag discharging pipe and the ash discharging pipe are respectively installed at two ends of the bottom of the hearth in the length direction, the slag discharging regulating valve is installed on the slag discharging pipe, the slag discharging pipe is connected with the slag cooler, the ash discharging regulating valve is installed on the ash discharging pipe, the ash discharging pipe is connected with the cold slag remover, and the cold slag remover are respectively connected with the ash removing machine.

The utility model discloses compare prior art's beneficial effect is:

1. the utility model discloses a center section of thick bamboo with adjustable increases or reduces a center section of thick bamboo total length, reaches a nimble regulation of center section of thick bamboo total length, adjusts adjustment separator efficiency, and control separation ash volume makes the boiler when low-load or fuel sudden change, guarantees the separation ash volume, realizes boiler steady operation.

2. The utility model relates to an ash discharge pipe and ash discharge regulating valve through control returning charge ash volume, realizes that the boiler returning charge ash volume when low-load or fuel sudden change is steerable, makes furnace inner temperature reach the design value, and is steerable in 800 ability of honour 900 ℃ within range, avoids taking place the environmental protection that the burning unstability is put out fire or the coking leads to and discharges not up to standard, the boiler efficiency that the incomplete combustion of fuel leads to reduces etc. in the environmental protection that desulfurization efficiency in the stove leads to, makes the boiler can the high-efficient operation of long-term safety and stability. Has better social benefit and economic benefit.

3. The utility model discloses a separation returning charge regulation and control system adopts high-efficient separator, realizes that separation efficiency is adjustable, and the reserve SNCR denitration interface of while integration has realized the NO after the flow state is reconstructed_XSynergetically and efficiently removing;

4. the utility model discloses a separation returning charge regulation and control system adopts non-mechanical's self-balancing returning charge ware, has realized returning charge ash energy control volume, and integrated limestone desulfurization interface has realized the SO after the flow state is reconstructed₂Synergetically and efficiently removing;

5. the utility model discloses a separation returning charge regulation and control system, after realizing the flow state reconfiguration, furnace lower part large granule concentration reduces by a wide margin to alleviateed the wearing and tearing of furnace lower part dense phase region abrasionproof layer, especially the wearing and tearing of abrasionproof layer and diaphragm type wall juncture, improve the boiler availability, realize safe operation;

6. by utilizing the separation material returning regulation and control system, after the flow state reconstruction is realized, the concentration of the material in the secondary air region is reduced when the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler operates, the secondary air penetrates through the disturbance effect to be enhanced, the gas-solid mixing effect at the upper part of the hearth can be improved, the combustion efficiency of the boiler is improved, the coal consumption is reduced, and the coal-saving combustion is realized; the lower part of the hearth is easier to form a reducing atmosphere, and thermal NO_XReduced generation of NO_XThe low-nitrogen combustion is realized, the combustion efficiency of the boiler is improved, and the generation of nitrogen oxides is inhibited.

7. The slag discharge pipes are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the hearth, coarse slag formed after fuel combustion is discharged through the slag discharge regulating valve, the ash discharge pipe is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the hearth, the direction of the corresponding return leg connected with the hearth controls the ash discharge regulating valve to discharge return ash and fine slag formed after fuel combustion.

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

drawings

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of a separation and return regulation system of a low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the interaction of a slag cooler, a clinker cooler and a clinker remover;

FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the interaction of a cold slag machine, a cold ash slag machine and an ash slag remover;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the elevational layout of the interaction of the slag cooler, the ash cooler and the ash remover;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at I;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at II;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line K-K of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the assembly of a low emission circulating fluidized bed boiler utilizing the separated return regulation system of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along line C-C and line D-D of fig. 8.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler separation material returning regulation and control system of the present embodiment includes a furnace 1, a separator 2, and a material returning device 3; the separation return regulation and control system further comprises a slag discharge pipe 6, a slag discharge regulating valve 7, a slag cooler 8, a slag discharge pipe 9, a slag discharge regulating valve 10, a cold ash residue machine 11, an ash discharge pipe 12, an ash discharge regulating valve 13, an ash cooler 14 and an ash remover 15;

the vertical material pipe 3-1 of the material returning device 3 is arranged at the upper part of a material returning valve 3-2 of the material returning device 3, the material returning leg 3-3 of the material returning device 3 is arranged at the side surface of the material returning valve 3-2, the hood 3-5 of the material returning device 3 is arranged at the bottom of the material returning valve 3-2, the air chamber 3-6 of the material returning device 3 is arranged at the lower part of the material returning valve 3-2, the inlet end of an ash discharging pipe 12 extends into the air chamber 3-6 to be communicated with the bottom of the material returning valve 3-2, the outlet end of the ash discharging pipe 12 is connected with an ash cooling machine 14, an ash discharging regulating valve 13 is arranged on the ash discharging pipe 12, the ash cooling machine 14 is connected with an ash removing machine 15, the material returning leg 3-3 is communicated with the rear lower part of the hearth 1, a plurality of observation holes 3-4 are vertically arranged on the vertical material returning device 3-1, a limestone desulfurization interface 3-7 is arranged on the material returning leg 3-3;

a central cylinder 2-1 of a separator 2 comprises a fixed cylinder 2-1-1 and a movable cylinder 2-1-2, the fixed cylinder 2-1-1 is arranged at the top of a vertical section 2-3 of the separator 2, the fixed cylinder 2-1-1 is connected with a tail flue 4, a plurality of groups of through holes are arranged on the wall surface of the movable cylinder 2-1-2 along the length direction, a group of through holes are arranged on the wall surface of the fixed cylinder 2-1-1, the movable cylinder 2-1-2 is fixed in the fixed cylinder 2-1-1 through a group of through holes and the pin shaft of any group of through holes to realize position adjustment, the length of the central cylinder 2-1 is variable, a plurality of SNCR denitration interfaces 2-6 are uniformly arranged on the side part of an inlet and outlet speed adjusting section 2-2, the inlet and outlet speed adjusting section 2-2 of the separator 2 is arranged on the side surface of the vertical section 2-3, the conical section 2-4 of the separator 2 is arranged at the lower part of the vertical section 2-3, the inlet and outlet speed regulation section 2-2 is connected with the rear outlet at the upper part of the hearth 1, and the conical section 2-4 is connected with the vertical pipe 3-1;

the slag discharging pipe 6 and the ash discharging pipe 9 are respectively installed at two ends of the bottom of the hearth 1 in the length direction, the slag discharging regulating valve 7 is installed on the slag discharging pipe 6, the slag discharging pipe 6 is connected with the slag cooler 8, the ash discharging regulating valve 10 is installed on the ash discharging pipe 9, the ash discharging pipe 9 is connected with the cold slag extractor 11, and the slag cooler 8 and the cold slag extractor 11 are respectively connected with the ash removing machine 15.

As shown in fig. 6, the number of the observation holes 3-4 is three, three observation holes 3-4 are vertically arranged in a straight line, and the distance H1 between two adjacent observation holes is 0.5 m. Further, the height H of the returned ash in the vertical material pipe 3-1 is within the visible range of 2-3m, H is 2m when the top of the returned ash is positioned at the position of the observation hole 3-4 at the lower part, and H is 3m when the top of the returned ash is positioned at the position of the observation hole 3-4 at the upper part. In the embodiment, the amount of the returned ash is controlled in a wide range, SO that the height H of the returned ash in the vertical material pipe is ensured to be more than or equal to 2.5m, the collapsed ash and the smoke gas return and coking are prevented, the temperature in the hearth is controlled within the range of 800-900 ℃, the temperature is more suitable for the desulfurization of limestone in the hearth, the amount-controllable material returning device in the wide range provides a suitable temperature range and sufficient reaction time, the utilization rate of the limestone is increased, the desulfurization efficiency in the hearth is improved, and SO is realized₂And (4) ultralow pollutant emission. In the embodiment, the height of the returned ash in the vertical material pipe is ensured by controlling the amount of the returned ash in a wide range, and the temperature in the hearth is controlled within the range of 800-Thermal NO_XGenerating, realizing low-nitrogen combustion and NO in the hearth_XAnd (4) ultralow pollutant emission.

As shown in figure 1, the thickness of the concrete layer 2-5 of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section 2-2 in the height direction is adjustable. Optionally, the thickness of the concrete layer 2-5 of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section 2-2 in the height direction is increased or decreased simultaneously. The height of an inlet and an outlet of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section is changed to regulate the flow speed of flue gas, regulate the efficiency of the separator, control the separated ash amount, achieve the designed bed temperature of the hearth, realize complete fuel combustion and ensure the energy-saving operation of the boiler.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 7, when the thickness of the concrete layer 2-5 at the outlet of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section 2-2 in the width direction changes, the width of the outlet changes in a range of B1-B2. By adjusting the thickness change of the concrete layer 2-5 in the width direction at the outlet of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section 2-2, the change range of the included angle between the inner side surface of the outlet of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section 2-2 and the horizontal line vertical to the axis of the vertical section 2-3 is beta 2-beta 1, and the change range of the outlet width of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section 2-2 is B1-B2. The width of an outlet of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section is changed to regulate the flowing speed of the flue gas, the separation efficiency of the separator structure is regulated, the ash separation amount is controlled, furnace shutdown caused by unstable combustion flameout or coking is avoided, and the safe operation of the boiler is ensured.

Fig. 8 and 9 are explanatory views of the present invention applied to a low-emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler, and the low-emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler main body as well as the furnace 1 and the return feeder 3 can adopt the prior art patent document CN 207146381U.

NH is contained through an SNCR denitration interface 2-6 arranged on the side part of the inlet and outlet speed regulation section 2-2_XThe reducing agent urea solution or ammonia water is sprayed into the speed regulating section and then is thermally decomposed into NH₃Enters a separator together with the soot, NH₃With NO in the soot_XCarrying out SNCR gas phase reaction to remove NO in smoke_XAnd generates N₂And HO₂And denitration in the furnace is realized. The smoke dust entering the separator through the hearth 1 makes the main component CaCO of the limestone₃Continuously heated and reacted to generate CaO and CO₂SO produced by combustion of fuel₂Diffusing to the surface and inner holes of CaO, and absorbing SO in smoke dust by CaO in the presence of oxygen₂And generates CaSO₄And the in-furnace desulfurization is realized. Limestone is integrated through limestone desulfurization interfaces 3-7 on the material returning device 3 and then fed into the limestone to realize limestone desulfurization in the furnace; by installing the SNCR denitration interface 2-6 on the separator, the SNCR denitration in the furnace can be realized at low cost, and NO is actively controlled_XGeneration of and NO_X、SO₂In-furnace stripping to realize NO_XAnd SO₂And (4) ultralow pollutant emission.

Utilize the utility model discloses separation returning charge regulation and control integrated system, the boiler moves when low-load or fuel sudden change, through the independent control separation ash content, arrange lime-ash sediment and ash row, perhaps the method of joint control separation ash content and ash discharge sediment and ash discharge, realize the boiler at low-load or fuel sudden change separation ash content, returning charge ash content and furnace bed material are adjustable, make temperature field reasonable in the furnace, stable temperature control is in 800 + 900 ℃ of a river within range, avoid taking place the blowing out that unstable flame-out or coking result in of burning, the environmental protection that low nitrogen combustion environment difference and desulfurization efficiency in the stove discharge not up to standard, the boiler efficiency that the incomplete combustion of fuel leads to reduces etc., make the boiler can long-term safe and stable high-efficient operation, NO is the high-efficient operation of NO, the low-_XAnd SO₂And (4) ultralow pollutant emission.

The present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, but not limited to the embodiments of the present invention, and any person skilled in the art can easily modify, change and modify the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-emission type circulating fluidized bed boiler separation material returning regulation and control system comprises a hearth (1), a separator (2) and a material returning device (3); the method is characterized in that: the separation and return regulation and control integrated system further comprises a slag discharge pipe (6), a slag discharge regulating valve (7), a slag cooler (8), an ash discharge pipe (9), an ash discharge regulating valve (10), an ash cooling machine (11), an ash discharge pipe (12), an ash discharge regulating valve (13), an ash cooling machine (14) and an ash removal machine (15);

the vertical material pipe (3-1) of the material returning device (3) is arranged at the upper part of a material returning valve (3-2) of the material returning device (3), a material returning leg (3-3) of the material returning device (3) is arranged at the side surface of the material returning valve (3-2), a hood (3-5) of the material returning device (3) is arranged at the bottom of the material returning valve (3-2), an air chamber (3-6) of the material returning device (3) is arranged at the lower part of the material returning valve (3-2), the inlet end of an ash discharging pipe (12) extends into the air chamber (3-6) and is communicated with the bottom of the material returning valve (3-2), the outlet end of the ash discharging pipe (12) is connected with an ash cooling machine (14), an ash discharging regulating valve (13) is arranged on the ash discharging pipe (12), the ash cooling machine (14) is connected with an ash removing machine (15), the material returning leg (3-3) is communicated with the rear lower part of a hearth (1), a plurality of observation holes (3-4) are vertically arranged on a vertical material pipe (3-1) of the material returning device (3), and a limestone desulfurization interface (3-7) is arranged on the material returning leg (3-3);

a central cylinder (2-1) of a separator (2) comprises a fixed cylinder (2-1-1) and a movable cylinder (2-1-2), the fixed cylinder (2-1-1) is installed at the top of a vertical section (2-3) of the separator (2), the fixed cylinder (2-1-1) is connected with a tail flue (4), a plurality of groups of through holes are formed in the wall surface of the movable cylinder (2-1-2) along the length direction, a through group of through holes are formed in the wall surface of the fixed cylinder (2-1-1), the movable cylinder (2-1-2) is fixed in the fixed cylinder (2-1-1) through a group of through holes and a pin shaft of any group of through holes to achieve position adjustment, the length of the central cylinder (2-1) is variable, an inlet and outlet speed adjusting section (2-2) of the separator (2) is installed on the side surface of the vertical section (2-3) of the separator (2), a plurality of SNCR denitration interfaces (2-6) are uniformly distributed on the side part of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section (2-2), a conical section (2-4) of the separator (2) is arranged on the lower part of the vertical section (2-3), the inlet and outlet speed regulating section (2-2) is connected with a rear outlet on the upper part of the hearth (1), and the conical section (2-4) is connected with the vertical material pipe (3-1);

slag discharging pipes (6) and ash discharging pipes (9) are respectively installed at two ends of the bottom of a hearth (1) in the length direction, slag discharging regulating valves (7) are installed on the slag discharging pipes (6), the slag discharging pipes (6) are connected with a slag cooler (8), ash discharging regulating valves (10) are installed on the ash discharging pipes (9), the ash discharging pipes (9) are connected with a slag cooler (11), and the slag cooler (8) and the slag cooler (11) are respectively connected with a slag remover (15).

2. The separation and return regulation and control system for the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of the observation holes (3-4) is three, the three observation holes (3-4) are vertically arranged in a straight line, and the distance (H1) between every two adjacent observation holes is 0.5 m.

3. The separation and return regulation and control system for the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that: the height H of the returned ash in the vertical material pipe (3-1) can be seen within the range of 2-3m, when the top of the returned ash is positioned at the position of the observation hole (3-4) at the lower part, H is 2m, and when the top of the returned ash is positioned at the position of the observation hole (3-4) at the upper part, H is 3 m.

4. The separation and return regulation and control system for the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the thickness of the concrete layer (2-5) of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section (2-2) in the height direction is adjustable.

5. The separation and return regulation and control system for the low-emission circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 4, characterized in that: when the outlet of the inlet and outlet speed regulating section (2-2) is positioned at the position of the outlet of the concrete layer (2-5) in the width direction and the thickness of the concrete layer is changed, the width change range of the outlet is B1-B2.