CN212209661U - Cooling structure of high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate - Google Patents
Cooling structure of high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN212209661U CN212209661U CN202020809974.5U CN202020809974U CN212209661U CN 212209661 U CN212209661 U CN 212209661U CN 202020809974 U CN202020809974 U CN 202020809974U CN 212209661 U CN212209661 U CN 212209661U
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cell, concretely relates to cooling structure of high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate. The utility model discloses high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate's cooling structure, include bipolar plate and be located cooling flow field on the bipolar plate the one end in cooling flow field is provided with air inlet, hydrogen export and cooling water entry the other end in cooling flow field is provided with hydrogen inlet, air outlet and cooling water export, in the middle of the cooling flow field is located bipolar plate, the both ends in cooling flow field are provided with sparse dot matrix, are provided with the distribution region between sparse dot matrix and cooling water entry, the cooling water export. The utility model discloses a bipolar plate cooling structure can high-efficient heat dissipation, reduce the required consumption of outer auxiliary member of pile, effectively promotes fuel cell pile generating efficiency, guarantees fuel cell operation safety and stability to it is big to overcome current high-power fuel cell pile calorific capacity, and the radiating temperature is inhomogeneous not enough.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cell, concretely relates to cooling structure of high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate.
Background
In recent years, with the increasing prominence of the problems of environmental pollution and energy depletion, new renewable clean energy sources are actively searched in all countries in the world. The hydrogen fuel cell is used as a power generation device which directly outputs electric energy through electrochemical reaction without combustion, has the advantages of easy acquisition of energy, high efficiency, no noise, cleanness, no pollution and the like, and is increasingly concerned by people. The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) can be quickly started in a low-temperature environment due to low working temperature, and meanwhile, the cell-Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) based inside the cell can be very thin, so that the cell has a very compact structure, has the characteristics of high power density and wide application range, and is widely applied to the fields of transportation, movable equipment, a combined heat and power system and the like.
Based on the great demand of energy in various fields, the required power generated by the fuel cell is also greater and greater. The fuel cell stack is a core device of the whole fuel cell and mainly assembled by a Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), a bipolar plate (BPP), a sealing member and the like. Since the pem fuel cell stack generates a large amount of heat while generating electricity, the more power the fuel cell stack generates, the more heat it generates. Most PEM fuel cells adopt Nafion series membranes, the working temperature of the Nafion series membranes is suitable between 75 ℃ and 80 ℃, when the working temperature of the Nafion series membranes exceeds 80 ℃, the thermal stability and the proton conductivity of a proton exchange membrane are reduced, and the phenomenon of membrane dehydration occurs in severe cases, so that the conductivity is reduced, and the attenuation of a catalyst is accelerated. When the temperature is higher than 130 ℃, irreversible damage can be caused to the membrane, and local hot spots can cause membrane perforation, and finally, the safety of the PEMFC pile operation is influenced. Therefore, it is very important to control the working temperature of the fuel cell in time and ensure that the fuel cell provides reliable power supply under stable working conditions, thereby improving the comprehensive use performance of the fuel cell.
At present, air cooling and liquid cooling methods are commonly adopted to take away heat generated in the working process of the cell, wherein the air cooling method is commonly applied to a low-power (less than or equal to 5 kW) fuel cell system, and the operating temperature of the PEMFC pile is reduced by an air convection method. However, this method has unstable heat dissipation state and low working efficiency, and has been gradually replaced by liquid cooling method. The liquid cooling mainly depends on an independent cooling liquid flow channel designed in the bipolar plate of the fuel cell, and the liquid carries away a large amount of heat in the fuel cell through forced convection heat exchange of deionized water or mixed liquid of water and glycol. Compared with an air cooling mode, liquid cooling has the advantages of high heat transfer capacity, low flow rate and the like, the temperature distribution of the fuel cell is more uniform, and the cooling efficiency is high, so that the liquid cooling is commonly used for a high-power (more than or equal to 5 Kw) fuel cell system.
The traditional PEM fuel cell bipolar plate usually adopts a cooling flow field with a parallel straight flow channel structure, as shown in fig. 1, the structure is simple and easy to process, but the cooling distribution effect is not good, the cooling effect of the middle part of the fuel cell bipolar plate is often much better than that of the two sides, and the phenomenon of uneven cooling effect of the whole fuel cell is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model discloses calorific capacity is big to high-power fuel cell pile, and the inhomogeneous characteristics of radiating temperature provide a cooling structure of high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, and this bipolar plate cooling structure can high-efficient heat dissipation, can reduce the required consumption of pile outer accessory simultaneously, effectively promotes fuel cell pile generating efficiency, guarantees fuel cell operation safety and stability.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a following technical scheme: a cooling structure of a bipolar plate of a high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises the bipolar plate and a cooling flow field arranged on the bipolar plate, wherein one end of the cooling flow field is provided with an air inlet, a hydrogen outlet and a cooling water inlet, the other end of the cooling flow field is provided with the hydrogen inlet, the air outlet and the cooling water outlet, the cooling flow field is arranged in the middle of the bipolar plate, two ends of the cooling flow field are provided with sparse lattices, and a distribution area is arranged among the sparse lattices, the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet.
The cooling flow field adopts parallel straight flow channels, the cooling water inlet is positioned between the air inlet and the hydrogen outlet, and the cooling water outlet is positioned between the hydrogen inlet and the air outlet.
The distribution area comprises distribution grooves arranged at the inlet and outlet of the cooling water and raised ridges thereon, the depth of the distribution grooves is consistent with that of the flow channels of the cooling flow field, and the highest positions of the raised ridges are flush with the outer edge of the bipolar plate.
The sparse dot matrix comprises a circular dot matrix and a waist-shaped dot matrix, the waist-shaped dot matrix is arranged in a closely staggered mode, and the two sides of the waist-shaped dot matrix are provided with equidistant circular dot matrixes.
Waist shape dot matrix sets up the middle part between distribution region and cooling flow field, and the size is (2.5 ~ 5) mm (1 ~ 3) mm, and the ranks interval is 0.5~1.5mm, and circular dot matrix diameter is 3~8mm, and the ranks interval is 2~4 mm.
The height of the circular dot matrix and the height of the waist-shaped dot matrix are consistent with the height of the raised ridge of the distribution area.
The bipolar plate is made of metal, graphite or composite materials and is prepared by numerical control machine processing, mould pressing or stamping casting.
The pressure difference deltap between the inlet and the outlet of the cooling flow field of the bipolar plate is less than or equal to 0.5 bar.
The bipolar plate comprises a cathode plate and an anode plate, wherein the cathode plate and the anode plate respectively comprise a gas flow field on the front side and a monopole cooling flow field on the back side, the cathode plate and the anode plate are combined in a dispensing or welding mode, the back sides of the cathode plate and the anode plate are opposite to form the bipolar plate, and a bipolar plate cooling water flow field is formed between the back sides of the cathode plate and the anode plate.
The width and the depth of the flow channel of the cooling flow field are matched with the structure of the front gas flow field, the width of the flow channel is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the depth of the flow channel is 0.3-1 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of it is following:
1. the utility model provides a cooling flow field structure both can be used to metal substrate's bipolar plate, also be applicable to graphite and combined material's bipolar plate, through numerical control machine tool (CNC), the mould pressing also or the punching press casting mode all can realize the preparation processing, the cooling flow field through this kind of structural style can effectively reduce the temperature that produces in the high-power pile, accelerate bipolar plate radiating efficiency, the inhomogeneous problem of bipolar plate heat dissipation has effectively been solved, also carried out the powerful improvement to the too big problem of inlet and outlet pressure difference simultaneously, it shows to adopt this kind of flow field design through emulation measurement and calculation and experimental test, its inlet and outlet pressure difference delta p is less than or equal to 0.5bar, avoid appearing because of the too big emergence that causes the coolant liquid leakage phenomenon in the pile of pressure difference.
2. The cooling flow field with the sparse dot matrix and direct-current channel structure can effectively ensure that the cooling heat dissipation of the electrochemical reaction area in the bipolar plate is even and efficient, and effectively avoids the problem that the pressure difference of an inlet and an outlet of a traditional snake-shaped channel is too large, so that the power consumption of a cooling water pump is too large, the phenomenon that cooling liquid leaks out due to too large pressure difference of a fuel cell stack is ensured, and the safety and stability of stack operation are improved.
3. The utility model discloses a cooling water entry is located between air inlet and the hydrogen export, the cooling water export is located between hydrogen entry and the air export, can reach balanced cooling effect, and this is because the oxygen concentration that gets into the air end entry when fuel cell pile moves at first is high, and its diffusivity is relatively poor, has caused the heat that this department's reaction generated to be highest.
4. The utility model discloses a distributing box that has certain degree of depth all is opened to the cooling water entrance, the distributing box degree of depth is unanimous with the runner degree of depth of cooling flow field, be provided with a plurality of protruding ridges on the groove, its protruding ridge highest point and bipolar plate outward flange parallel and level, these protruding ridges both can play the effect of distribution cooling fluid, can play the support bipolar plate cooling opening again, increase bipolar plate intensity effect, prevent to cause the bipolar plate cooling opening to sink the jam phenomenon because of the pile extrusion, cooling medium formally gets into the bipolar plate and produces thermal reaction region after having passed through the distributing box, carry out high-efficient even cooling work through sparse dot matrix (mainly constitute by waist shape dot matrix and circular dot matrix) and parallel straight runner in the reaction region.
5. The utility model discloses the department has set up comparatively inseparable waist shape dot matrix near the coolant liquid advances, exports the distributor trough, prevents that the cooling water from directly flowing out through the parallel direct current way of mid portion, causes whole reaction zone area cooling effect inhomogeneous. The circular dot matrixes with equal intervals are arranged on the two sides of the waist-shaped dot matrix, so that cooling water can be continuously dispersed and flow into the parallel straight flow channels, the strength of the bipolar plate is supported, and the bipolar plate is protected from being extruded, deformed and broken.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a parallel straight flow channel of a conventional cooling flow field.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the parallel straight flow channel of the bipolar plate cooling flow field of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a partial perspective view of the parallel straight flow channels of the bipolar plate cooling flow field of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of the parallel straight flow channels of the bipolar plate cooling flow field of the present invention.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of the parallel straight flow channels of the bipolar plate cooling flow field of the present invention.
Figure 6 is a flow perspective view of the coolant in the bipolar plate cooling flow field of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-an air inlet; 2-a hydrogen outlet; 3-cooling water inlet; 4-a hydrogen inlet; 5-an air outlet; 6-cooling water outlet; 7-parallel straight flow channels; 8-sparse lattice; 9-allocation zone; 10-cooling the flow field; 11-bipolar plate outer edge; 8-1-circular lattice; 8-2-waist-shaped dot matrix; 9-1-a distribution tank; 9-2-raised ridges.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained below with reference to the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
A cooling structure of a bipolar plate of a high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises the bipolar plate and a cooling flow field 10 positioned on the bipolar plate, wherein one end of the cooling flow field is provided with an air inlet 1, a hydrogen outlet 2 and a cooling water inlet 3, the other end of the cooling flow field is provided with a hydrogen inlet 4, an air outlet 5 and a cooling water outlet 6, the cooling flow field 10 is positioned in the middle of the bipolar plate, two ends of the cooling flow field 10 are provided with sparse lattices 8, and distribution areas 9 are arranged among the sparse lattices 8, the cooling water inlet 3 and the cooling water outlet 6.
The cooling flow field 10 adopts the parallel straight flow channel 7, the cooling water inlet 3 is positioned between the air inlet 1 and the hydrogen outlet 2, and the cooling water outlet 6 is positioned between the hydrogen inlet 4 and the air outlet 5, so that a balanced cooling effect can be achieved, because the oxygen concentration entering the air end inlet when the fuel cell stack initially operates is high, the diffusivity is poor, the heat generated by the reaction at the position is the highest, and the flowing direction of the whole cooling water is shown as the arrow direction in fig. 6.
The distribution region 9 comprises a distribution groove 9-1 arranged at the inlet and outlet of the cooling water and a raised ridge 9-2 arranged thereon, the depth of the distribution groove 9-1 is consistent with the depth of a flow channel of the cooling flow field 10, the highest position of the raised ridge 9-2 is flush with the outer edge 11 of the bipolar plate, and the raised ridge 9-2 not only can play a role of distributing the cooling fluid, but also can play a role of supporting the cooling port of the bipolar plate and increasing the strength of the bipolar plate so as to prevent the phenomenon of collapse and blockage of the cooling port of the bipolar plate caused by the extrusion of a galvanic pile.
The sparse dot matrix 8 comprises a circular dot matrix 8-1 and a waist-shaped dot matrix 8-2, the waist-shaped dot matrix 8-2 is arranged in a closely staggered mode, the circular dot matrix 8-1 with equal intervals is arranged on two sides of the waist-shaped dot matrix 8-2, the cooling medium can be continuously guaranteed to dispersedly flow into the parallel straight flow channels 7, meanwhile, the effect of supporting the strength of the bipolar plate is achieved, and the bipolar plate is protected from being extruded, deformed and broken.
The waist-shaped dot matrix 8-2 is arranged in the middle between the distribution area 9 and the cooling flow field 10, so that the cooling medium is prevented from directly flowing out through the parallel straight flow channels 7, the cooling effect of the whole reaction area is not uniform, the size of the waist-shaped dot matrix 8-2 is 4mm multiplied by 2 mm, the row-column spacing is 1mm, the diameter of the circular dot matrix 8-1 is 4mm, and the row-column spacing is 3 mm.
The height of the circular dot matrix 8-1 and the waist-shaped dot matrix 8-2 is consistent with the height of the raised ridge 9-2 of the distribution area 9.
The bipolar plate is made of metal, graphite and composite materials and is prepared by numerical control machine processing, mould pressing or stamping casting.
The inlet and outlet pressure delta p of the bipolar plate cooling flow field 10 is less than or equal to 0.5 bar.
The bipolar plate comprises a cathode plate and an anode plate, wherein the cathode plate and the anode plate respectively comprise a gas flow field on the front side and a single-pole cooling flow field 10 on the back side, the cathode plate and the anode plate are combined in a dispensing or welding mode, the back sides of the cathode plate and the anode plate are opposite to form the bipolar plate, a bipolar plate cooling water flow field is formed between the cathode plate and the anode plate so as to facilitate the flowing of a cooling medium and take away heat generated by electrochemical reaction, and the cooling medium can be deionized water or mixed liquid of water and.
The width and the depth of the flow channel of the cooling flow field 10 are matched with those of the front gas flow field structure, the width of the flow channel is 0.6mm, the depth of the flow channel is 0.4mm, a cooling medium flows into the straight flow channel after being distributed by the sparse dot matrix 8, heat generated in a reaction area of a hydrogen side or an air side of the back side is taken away, efficient and uniform cooling work can be carried out by adopting the parallel straight flow channel, pressure drop of an inlet and an outlet of a cooling water channel is effectively reduced, the performance requirement on a cooling water pump is reduced, and the use performance of the fuel cell stack is effectively improved.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the patent scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, all the equivalent structure changes made by the present invention or the direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The cooling structure of the high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate comprises the bipolar plate and a cooling flow field (10) arranged on the bipolar plate, wherein one end of the cooling flow field is provided with an air inlet (1), a hydrogen outlet (2) and a cooling water inlet (3), and the other end of the cooling flow field is provided with a hydrogen inlet (4), an air outlet (5) and a cooling water outlet (6), and is characterized in that the cooling flow field (10) is arranged in the middle of the bipolar plate, two ends of the cooling flow field (10) are provided with sparse lattices (8), and a distribution area (9) is arranged among the sparse lattices (8), the cooling water inlet (3) and the cooling water outlet (6).
2. The cooling structure of the bipolar plate of the high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the cooling flow field (10) adopts parallel straight flow channels (7), the cooling water inlet (3) is positioned between the air inlet (1) and the hydrogen outlet (2), and the cooling water outlet (6) is positioned between the hydrogen inlet (4) and the air outlet (5).
3. The cooling structure of the bipolar plate of the high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the distribution region (9) comprises distribution grooves (9-1) and raised ridges (9-2) arranged at the inlet and outlet of the cooling water, the depth of the distribution grooves (9-1) is consistent with the depth of flow channels of the cooling flow field (10), and the highest positions of the raised ridges (9-2) are flush with the outer edge (11) of the bipolar plate.
4. The cooling structure of the bipolar plate of the high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the sparse lattice (8) comprises a circular lattice (8-1) and a waist-shaped lattice (8-2), the waist-shaped lattice (8-2) is arranged in a closely staggered manner, and the circular lattice (8-1) with equal spacing is arranged on two sides of the waist-shaped lattice (8-2).
5. The cooling structure of the bipolar plate of the high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein the waist-shaped lattice (8-2) is arranged in the middle between the distribution area (9) and the cooling flow field (10), the size is (2.5-5) mmx (1-3) mm, the row-column spacing is 0.5-1.5 mm, the diameter of the circular lattice (8-1) is 3-8 mm, and the row-column spacing is 2-4 mm.
6. The cooling structure of a high power PEMFC bipolar plate according to claim 4 wherein the height of said circular lattice (8-1) and kidney lattice (8-2) is identical to the height of the raised ridges (9-2) of the distribution area (9).
7. The cooling structure of a bipolar plate of a high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the bipolar plate is made of metal, graphite or composite material by numerical control machining, die pressing or stamping casting.
8. The cooling structure of the bipolar plate of the high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 7, wherein the inlet-outlet pressure difference Δ p of the cooling flow field (10) of the bipolar plate is less than or equal to 0.5 bar.
9. The cooling structure of a bipolar plate of a high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 7, wherein the bipolar plate comprises a cathode plate and an anode plate, the cathode plate and the anode plate both comprise a gas flow field on the front side and a unipolar cooling flow field (10) on the back side, the cathode plate and the anode plate are combined by dispensing or welding, the back sides of the cathode plate and the anode plate are opposite to form the bipolar plate, and a bipolar plate cooling water flow field is formed between the two.
10. The cooling structure of the bipolar plate of the high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 9, wherein the width and the depth of the flow channel of the cooling flow field (10) are matched with those of the gas flow field structure on the front surface, the width of the flow channel is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the depth of the flow channel is 0.3-1 mm.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111477905A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-07-31 | 无锡威孚高科技集团股份有限公司 | Cooling structure of high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate |
| CN114864985A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-08-05 | 广东国鸿氢能科技股份有限公司 | Monopolar plate and bipolar plate |
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2020
- 2020-05-15 CN CN202020809974.5U patent/CN212209661U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111477905A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-07-31 | 无锡威孚高科技集团股份有限公司 | Cooling structure of high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate |
| CN114864985A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-08-05 | 广东国鸿氢能科技股份有限公司 | Monopolar plate and bipolar plate |
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