CN212011278U - Leaky-wave antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide - Google Patents
Leaky-wave antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide Download PDFInfo
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- CN212011278U CN212011278U CN202020437023.XU CN202020437023U CN212011278U CN 212011278 U CN212011278 U CN 212011278U CN 202020437023 U CN202020437023 U CN 202020437023U CN 212011278 U CN212011278 U CN 212011278U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a leaky-wave antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide, including substrate integrated waveguide, substrate integrated waveguide includes the upper metal level, be equipped with a plurality of gap modulation unit on the upper metal level, gap modulation unit includes N cracks that set up side by side, and N is for being greater than 2 integer; in the gap modulation unit, the length of the slot is gradually reduced from the short-middle axis to the two sides of the gap modulation unit, the slots positioned on the two sides of the short-middle axis are symmetrical relative to the short-middle axis, and the long-middle axis of the gap modulation unit equally divides the slot into two halves. The leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide has novel and simple structure and easy processing; compare in current leaky-wave antenna based on integrated waveguide of substrate, the utility model discloses a leaky-wave antenna based on integrated waveguide of substrate has faster scanning speed.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an antenna technology field especially relates to a leaky-wave antenna based on integrated waveguide of substrate.
Background
Substrate Integrated waveguide siw (substrate Integrated waveguide) is a quasi-closed planar waveguide structure similar to a traditional rectangular metal waveguide, and in a typical single-layer substrate Integrated waveguide structure, metal layers on the upper surface and the lower surface of a dielectric substrate are connected through two rows of metallized through holes which are parallel and spaced at a certain interval to form the quasi-closed planar waveguide structure. The substrate integrated waveguide has the advantages of both the conventional rectangular waveguide and the microstrip line, has good transmission characteristics, can be integrated with various processes, and is widely used in the fields of antenna system integration and miniaturization.
The leaky-wave antenna has a frequency scanning characteristic that a main beam scanning angle changes with frequency. Leaky waves can be generated in two ways: 1. exciting a fast-wave higher-order mode of a transmission feeder line; 2. discontinuous modulation is periodically loaded on the transmission feeder. For the 2 nd approach, the scan angle can be expressed as: θ (f) ═ arcsin (β)0/k0-c0/fd), wherein k0Is the wave number in air, beta0For modulating the wave number of the front feed line, c0D is the period length of the modulation unit, and f is the scanning frequency. According to the formula, the main beam scanning angle of the leaky-wave antenna changes along with the frequency change.
At present, leaky-wave antennas based on substrate integrated waveguides exist in the market, but the existing leaky-wave antennas based on the substrate integrated waveguides have the problem of low scanning speed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses the technical problem that will solve is: the leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide is high in scanning speed.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a technical scheme be: a leaky-wave antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide comprises the substrate integrated waveguide, wherein the substrate integrated waveguide comprises an upper metal layer, a plurality of gap modulation units are arranged on the upper metal layer, each gap modulation unit comprises N slots which are arranged in parallel, and N is an integer greater than 2; in the gap modulation unit, the length of the slot is gradually reduced from the short-middle axis to the two sides of the gap modulation unit, the slots positioned on the two sides of the short-middle axis are symmetrical relative to the short-middle axis, and the long-middle axis of the gap modulation unit equally divides the slot into two halves.
Furthermore, the number of the gap modulation units is multiple, and the long central axes of any two gap modulation units are collinear.
Furthermore, the widths of any two of the slots are equal, and the distance between two adjacent slots is equal to the width of the slot.
Further, the distance between two adjacent slot modulation units is equal to the distance between two adjacent slots.
Furthermore, microstrip lines are respectively arranged at two ends of the upper metal layer, and the microstrip lines are conducted with the upper metal layer through a gradient line.
Furthermore, the width of the gradual change line is gradually increased from one end connected with the microstrip line to one end connected with the upper metal layer.
Furthermore, the substrate integrated waveguide further comprises a dielectric substrate and a lower metal layer, the dielectric substrate is arranged at the bottom of the upper metal layer, the lower metal layer is arranged at the bottom of the dielectric substrate, a plurality of conducting structures for conducting the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer are arranged on the dielectric substrate, the conducting structures are arranged in two rows, and the gap modulation unit is positioned between the two rows of conducting structures.
Furthermore, both ends of each slot are correspondingly provided with a conduction structure.
Further, the conduction structure is a metalized hole.
Further, a variable capacitor is loaded in the slot.
The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that: the leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide has novel and simple structure and easy processing; compare in current leaky-wave antenna based on integrated waveguide of substrate, the utility model discloses a leaky-wave antenna based on integrated waveguide of substrate has faster scanning speed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of a leaky-wave antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a leaky-wave antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a slot modulation unit in a leaky-wave antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a simulation result diagram of the radiation direction of the leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing simulation results of radiation directions of the leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide of the comparison group;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a slot modulation unit in a leaky-wave antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a radiation direction result diagram of a leaky-wave antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. an upper metal layer;
2. a dielectric substrate;
3. a lower metal layer;
4. metallizing the hole;
5. a gap modulation unit;
6. slotting;
7. a microstrip line;
8. a gradient line;
9. a variable capacitance;
A. a short middle shaft;
B. the long middle shaft.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
The utility model discloses the most crucial design lies in: the slot modulation unit comprises a plurality of parallel slots, and the outline of the slot modulation unit is similar to a sine wave.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, a leaky-wave antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide includes a substrate integrated waveguide, where the substrate integrated waveguide includes an upper metal layer 1, the upper metal layer 1 is provided with a plurality of slot modulation units 5, the slot modulation units 5 include N slots 6 arranged in parallel, and N is an integer greater than 2; in the slit modulation unit 5, the length of the slit 6 is gradually reduced from the short central axis a of the slit modulation unit 5 to both sides, the slit 6 located at both sides of the short central axis a is symmetrical with respect to the short central axis a, and the slit 6 is equally divided into two halves by the long central axis B of the slit modulation unit 5.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide has novel and simple structure and easy processing; compare in current leaky-wave antenna based on integrated waveguide of substrate, the utility model discloses a leaky-wave antenna based on integrated waveguide of substrate has faster scanning speed.
Further, the number of the gap modulation units 5 is multiple, and the long central axes B of any two of the gap modulation units 5 are collinear.
As is apparent from the above description, the overall profile of the plurality of slit modulation units 5 is sinusoidal.
Further, the widths of any two of the slits 6 are equal, and the distance between two adjacent slits 6 is equal to the width of the slit 6.
Further, the distance between two adjacent slit modulation units 5 is equal to the distance between two adjacent slits.
Furthermore, microstrip lines 7 are respectively arranged at two ends of the upper metal layer 1, and the microstrip lines 7 are conducted with the upper metal layer 1 through a gradient line 8.
As is apparent from the above description, the taper line 8 is used to match the characteristic impedance, the transmission mode, and the wave number of both the microstrip line 7 and the substrate integrated waveguide.
Further, the width of the gradual change line 8 gradually increases from the end connected with the microstrip line 7 to the end connected with the upper metal layer 1.
As is apparent from the above description, the gradient 8 may be in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid.
Further, the substrate integrated waveguide further comprises a dielectric substrate 2 and a lower metal layer 3, the dielectric substrate 2 is arranged at the bottom of the upper metal layer 1, the lower metal layer 3 is arranged at the bottom of the dielectric substrate 2, a plurality of conducting structures for conducting the upper metal layer 1 and the lower metal layer 3 are arranged on the dielectric substrate 2, the conducting structures are arranged in two rows, and the gap modulation unit 5 is located between the two rows of conducting structures.
Furthermore, both ends of each slot 6 are correspondingly provided with a conducting structure.
Further, the conducting structure is a metalized hole 4.
Further, a variable capacitor 9 is loaded in the slit 6.
As can be seen from the above description, loading a capacitive capacitor (e.g., a varactor) at each slot can reconstruct the equivalent capacitance of slot 6 and thus change its dispersion characteristic, i.e., change the formula θ (f) ═ arcsin (β)0/k0-c0Beta in/fd)0. From the perspective of electrical performance, the effect of loading the capacitor additionally can be equivalent to changing the physical size of the antenna, that is, the physical structure of the antenna changes, so that when the operating frequency of the periodic leaky-wave antenna is not changed, the main beam direction of the periodic leaky-wave antenna changes, that is, the scanning function of the main beam direction is realized. That is, by loading variable capacitor 9 in slot 6, the antenna scanning pattern can be reconstructed, and the leaky-wave antenna beam scanning angle can be controlled.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a first embodiment of the present invention is: a leaky-wave antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide can be used for 3G and 4G communication and can also be used for 5G communication. The leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide comprises the substrate integrated waveguide, the substrate integrated waveguide comprises an upper metal layer 1, a dielectric substrate 2 and a lower metal layer 3 which are sequentially connected in a stacked mode, a plurality of conducting structures for conducting the upper metal layer 1 and the lower metal layer 3 are arranged on the dielectric substrate 2, the conducting structures are arranged in two rows, a plurality of gap modulation units 5 are arranged on the upper metal layer 1, the gap modulation units 5 are located between the two rows of conducting structures, the gap modulation units 5 comprise N slots 6 which are arranged in parallel, and N is an integer larger than 2; in the slit modulation unit 5, the length of the slit 6 is gradually reduced from the short central axis a of the slit modulation unit 5 to both sides, the slit 6 located at both sides of the short central axis a is symmetrical with respect to the short central axis a, and the slit 6 is equally divided into two halves by the long central axis B of the slit modulation unit 5. In this embodiment, the slit 6 is rectangular, and in other embodiments, the slit 6 may also be in other shapes, such as a long round hole shape.
Specifically, the number of the gap modulation units 5 is multiple, and the long central axes B of any two of the gap modulation units 5 are collinear; the widths of any two of the slots 6 are equal, and the distance between two adjacent slots 6 is equal to the width of the slot 6; the distance between two adjacent slit modulation units 5 is equal to the distance between two adjacent slits 6.
In order to ensure the shielding effect and improve the antenna performance, both ends of the slot 6 are correspondingly provided with conduction structures. Optionally, the conducting structure is a metalized hole 4.
Let the width of the upper metal layer 1 be w, the diameter of the metallization holes 4 be d, the distance between the centers of two adjacent metallization holes 4 be s, and the distance from the metallization hole 4 to the side of the upper metal layer 1 be a, in this embodiment, w is 20mm, a is 4.25mm, d is 0.5mm, s is 1.0mm, and the number of single rows of metallization holes 4 is 160.
The thickness and the dielectric constant value of the dielectric substrate 2 will determine the upper limit cut-off frequency of the antenna operation, and the dielectric substrate 2 is selected from Rogers RT5880, the dielectric constant is 2.2, the loss angle is 0.0009, and the thickness h is 0.5 mm. It will be readily appreciated that other equivalent types of substrate may be used for the dielectric substrate 2.
The width and height of the slot modulation unit 5 will determine the lower cut-off frequency of the antenna operation. The periodic gap modulation units 5 are arranged in the middle of the upper metal layer 1, and the number of the gap modulation units 5 determines the period of the modulation units. And after the plurality of slot modulation units 5 are connected in series, a complete modulation structure of the antenna is formed. The number of the slots 6 in the slot modulation unit 5 is directly related to the gain of the antenna, and the value thereof is determined according to the gain of the antenna, in this example, the number of the slots 6 in the slot modulation unit 5 is 10, the widths of the slots 6 are all 0.5mm, the distance between two adjacent slots 6 is 0.5mm, and the lengths of the slots 6 are respectively 3.6mm, 4.7mm, 5.8mm, 6.9mm, 8.0mm, 6.9mm, 5.8mm, 4.7mm and 3.6mm from left to right. The distance between two adjacent gap modulation units 5 is 0.5mm, and the number of the gap modulation units is 16. That is, the total number of slits 6 is 160, which is the same as the number of individual rows of metallized holes 4.
In order to prove that the leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide has a faster scanning speed, the applicant utilizes simulation software to perform simulation, wherein the length of each slot in a comparison group is 8.0mm, the width of each slot in the comparison group is 0.5mm, the distance between two adjacent slots is 0.5mm, the total number of the slots is 160, and the number of the slots is the same as that of a single row of the metallized holes 4. In other words, the only difference between the control group and the present embodiment is that the length of the slit in the control group is unchanged. If the gap modulation unit of the present embodiment is referred to as sinusoidal modulation, the control group may be referred to as rectangular modulation.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, it can be seen from fig. 4 that when the leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide of the present embodiment is changed from 12.5G to 12.7G, the scanning angle is changed in a range of 29 degrees, and the scanning speed is 9.7 degrees/100 MHz; it can be seen from fig. 5 that when the leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide of the comparison group is changed from 11.7G to 12.5G, the scanning angle is changed in a range of 18 degrees, and the scanning speed is 2.6 degrees/100 MHz. Therefore, the scanning speed of the leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide is higher.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 6 and fig. 7, a reconfigurable antenna structure provided on the basis of the first embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that a variable capacitor 9 is loaded in the slot 6. As will be readily understood, the variable capacitors 9 are respectively in conduction with both sides of the slit.
With the parameter setting of the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, when the loaded variable capacitor 9 is gradually changed from 0fF to 50fF, the scanning angle of the periodic leaky wave antenna is fixed at 25 degrees, and the operating frequency of the periodic leaky wave antenna at this time is changed in the range of 11.7GHz to 12.6 GHz. By the method, the antenna scanning directional diagram can be reconstructed, and the leaky-wave antenna beam scanning angle is controlled.
The reconstruction structure does not need to change the inherent size of the antenna, and the variable capacitor 9 can flexibly realize directional diagram reconstruction and beam angle control.
In summary, the leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide provided by the utility model has the advantages of novel and simple structure, easy processing and high scanning speed; after the variable capacitor is loaded, an antenna scanning directional diagram can be reconstructed, and the leaky-wave antenna beam scanning angle is controlled.
The above mentioned is only the embodiment of the present invention, and not the limitation of the patent scope of the present invention, all the equivalent transformations made by the contents of the specification and the drawings, or the direct or indirect application in the related technical field, are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide comprises the substrate integrated waveguide, wherein the substrate integrated waveguide comprises an upper metal layer, and a plurality of gap modulation units are arranged on the upper metal layer, and the leaky-wave antenna is characterized in that: the gap modulation unit comprises N slots which are arranged in parallel, wherein N is an integer larger than 2; in the gap modulation unit, the length of the slot is gradually reduced from the short-middle axis to the two sides of the gap modulation unit, the slots positioned on the two sides of the short-middle axis are symmetrical relative to the short-middle axis, and the long-middle axis of the gap modulation unit equally divides the slot into two halves.
2. The leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the number of the gap modulation units is multiple, and the long central axes of any two gap modulation units are collinear.
3. The leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the widths of any two of the slots are equal, and the distance between every two adjacent slots is equal to the width of the slot.
4. The leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the distance between two adjacent slit modulation units is equal to the distance between two adjacent slits.
5. The leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and microstrip lines are respectively arranged at two ends of the upper metal layer and are conducted with the upper metal layer through a gradient line.
6. The leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the width of the gradual change line is gradually increased from one end connected with the microstrip line to one end connected with the upper metal layer.
7. The leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the substrate integrated waveguide further comprises a dielectric substrate and a lower metal layer, the dielectric substrate is arranged at the bottom of the upper metal layer, the lower metal layer is arranged at the bottom of the dielectric substrate, a plurality of conducting structures for conducting the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer are arranged on the dielectric substrate, the conducting structures are arranged in two rows, and the gap modulation unit is located between the two rows of conducting structures.
8. The substrate integrated waveguide-based leaky-wave antenna as claimed in claim 7, wherein: and both ends of each slot are correspondingly provided with a conduction structure.
9. The substrate integrated waveguide-based leaky-wave antenna as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the conducting structure is a metalized hole.
10. The leaky-wave antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the slot is loaded with a variable capacitor.
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| CN202020437023.XU CN212011278U (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2020-03-30 | Leaky-wave antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide |
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| CN202020437023.XU CN212011278U (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2020-03-30 | Leaky-wave antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111463579A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-28 | 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 | Leaky-wave antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111463579A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-28 | 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 | Leaky-wave antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide |
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