CN211580617U - General no-tillage seeder of towed soybean maize - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a traction type soybean and corn universal no-tillage planter, two seed sowing devices of the planter are respectively a soybean seed sowing device system and a corn seed sowing device system, and can be disassembled and mutually replaced; a soybean seed metering device, a support and a soybean seed sowing barrel of the soybean seed metering device system are fixed on a seeder frame, a furrow opener is connected with the seeder frame through the support, the furrow opener frame is coaxial with the furrow opener, a soybean soil separator is arranged below the furrow opener frame, and the soybean seed sowing barrel is arranged below the soybean seed metering device; the corn seed sowing device, the support and the corn seed sowing barrel are fixed on the frame of the seeder, the corn seed sowing barrel is arranged below the corn seed sowing device, and the corn soil separator is arranged below the support. The problems that the single-machine single-function operation of the seeder, the components of the furrow opener cannot be replaced, the land cost of farmers is high, and the investment of machine equipment is large are solved. The utility model has the two-way function of sowing soybean and corn, has two functions, and is convenient, simple and easy to operate.

Description

General no-tillage seeder of towed soybean maize

Technical Field

The utility model particularly relates to a general no-tillage planter of towed soybean maize belongs to agricultural machine technical field.

Background

1. Background of the invention

Currently, no-tillage planters are sold in the market mainly in a stand-alone mode, and farmers mainly employ neighbors, cooperative agencies and the like for planting crops. For example, in this year, farmers want to plant soybeans by themselves by having a soybean planter. If farmers want to plant corn, the farmers should find the person who owns the corn planter to plant the corn by themselves. But in busy seasons, the device will have the phenomenon of robbing seeds and harvest. Most farmers buy corresponding machines for planting, and the single-machine operation is the most common in the market. The device with two functions is expensive, is not acceptable to farmers and is troublesome to operate. The large companies in the agricultural machinery industry mainly use large-scale equipment on large farms as research and development objects to perform equipment transformation, and the land of farmers mostly has small area and irregular shape in reality. And the land area of peasant household is less, and a large amount of equipment investment is not cost-effective, and the cost is too high. For example, one large-scale seeder has the price of over 10 thousands, but the annual income of farmers is tens of thousands of yuan, so the market prospect of researching and developing small-scale no-tillage seeding for the farmers is better, and the purchasing desire of the farmers is realized by one machine with multiple purposes.

2. Prior art solutions

Soybean seeding machine: the soybean precision seeding technology is the most extensive, and is an important technical measure for realizing uniform distribution of soybean plants, overcoming seedling shortage and breaking, reasonably close planting and improving yield. Mechanical precision seeding is adopted in most places, and continuous operations of ditching, seeding, fertilizing, earthing and pressing can be achieved.

Corn planter: a no-tillage precision corn seeder is manufactured by adopting a W-shaped omnibearing subsoiler, an external groove wheel type fertilizing device and a scoop wheel type precision corn hill seeder. Mainly comprises a frame, a W-shaped deep scarification fertilizing shovel, a soil crushing wheel, a fertilizer box, a seed sowing device, a ditching shovel, a press wheel and the like. The product is mainly used for corn deep scarification and fertilization and precision seeding operation.

The working principle is as follows: in the prior art of both soybean and corn seeders, a seeder is adopted to feed seeds into a seed discharging barrel in sequence, and the whole processes of straw crushing, soil ditching, seeding, fertilizing, soil covering and pressing are required to be carried out before the seeds are buried.

The method is the most widely applied at present, and other high-precision equipment is adopted, digital control is adopted, and the method is mainly applied to large-scale heavy equipment. According to the prior art, soybeans and corn are two independent sets of equipment. Due to the difference in the size of the crop seeds, the seed metering devices are different; the plant spacing and row spacing are different, so the debugging range of the equipment is different; the planting depth is different, so the design structure of the equipment is different.

3. The prior art has the following disadvantages:

1.1 single-machine single-function operation in the prior art causes increased equipment cost and increased planting investment for farmers.

1.2 the fixed furrow opener adopted by the prior art cannot meet the requirement of farmers.

1.3 the existing equipment has poor component universality and is basically single-machine single-equipment. The seed soybeans and the seed corns are separated and are not universal, and the purchasing of damaged parts is difficult.

1.4 the existing equipment is single in function, which causes the waste of manufacturing capacity, a great deal of manpower and financial resources and resource waste.

1.5 the existing equipment has a gap with the multifunctional and multipurpose requirements of farmers, and is difficult to meet the requirements of customers.

The sum is as follows: the existing seeder on the market is mainly manufactured and produced in the planting crop category, for example, soybeans and corns are all sowed separately, and part of the seeder is sowed by the soybeans and the corns commonly, but the price of the equipment is difficult for farmers to bear, the sowing effect is not particularly ideal, and the actual application effect is difficult to achieve.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model discloses a solve the shortcoming of the single-unit single function operation of seeder that the aforesaid mentioned, the shortcoming that the furrow opener part can not be replaced, and peasant household land cost is high, the realistic problem that machine equipment drops into much, a general no-tillage seeder of towed soybean maize is provided, mainly carry out the innovative design to the no-tillage seeder, let equipment have the two-way function of seeding soybean and seeding maize, do not increase equipment cost simultaneously, a tractor serves two purposes, practice thrift peasant household's manufacturing cost and input, it is convenient that the device is changed simultaneously, and is simple, easily operation.

The utility model provides a traction type general no-tillage seeder for soybean and corn, which comprises a frame, two seeder frames, two transmission devices, two pressing devices, two seed boxes, two seed sowing devices, two fertilizer boxes and two depth limiting devices; the seeder comprises a frame, a seed box, a fertilizer box and a depth limiting device, wherein the frame is connected with a tractor, two seeder frames are fixed at the rear of the frame, two transmission devices are symmetrically fixed at the rear of the frame and are connected through a transmission shaft, a seed box, the fertilizer box and the depth limiting device are fixed on each seeder frame, a seed sowing device is installed below the seed box and is connected with the seeder frames, a fertilizing pipe is installed below the fertilizer box, a pressing device is installed at the rear of each seeder frame, and the two seed sowing devices are respectively a soybean seed sowing device system and a corn seed sowing device system and can be detached and replaced mutually; the soybean seed metering device system comprises a soybean seed metering device, a support, a furrow opener, a soybean soil separator, a furrow opener frame and a soybean seeding cylinder, wherein the soybean seed metering device, the support and the soybean seeding cylinder are fixed on a seeder frame, a shaft hole is formed in the lower part of the support, a shaft of the furrow opener is arranged in the shaft hole and is connected with the seeder frame through the support, the furrow opener frame is coaxial with the furrow opener, the soybean soil separator is arranged below the furrow opener frame, the soybean seeding cylinder is arranged below the soybean seed metering device, and the soybean seeding cylinder extends into the soybean soil separator; the corn seed metering device system comprises a corn seed metering device, a support, a furrow opener, a corn soil separating device and a corn seeding tube, wherein the support and the furrow opener are universal with the soybean seed metering device system, the corn seed metering device, the support and the corn seeding tube are fixed on a seeder frame, the corn seeding tube is arranged below the corn seed metering device, and the corn soil separating device is arranged below the support.

Preferably, the frame and the seeder frame are fixedly connected by U-shaped clamp bolts.

Preferably, the frame and the transmission device are fixedly connected by U-shaped clamp bolts.

Preferably, the seed box, the seed sowing device and the fertilizer box are connected with the seeder frame through screws.

Preferably, the pressing device is connected with the seeder frame by adopting a connecting rod.

Preferably, the depth limiting device is connected with the seeder frame through a shaft.

Preferably, the furrow opener is connected to the planter frame by a shaft and bearing.

The utility model provides a general no-tillage seeder of towed soybean maize's beneficial effect does:

1. the utility model relates to a changeable modularization furrow opener realizes that maize and soybean are general to be sowed in new model of an organic whole, can realize that soybean maize a tractor serves dual-purpose, through the quick change device, reaches the no-tillage effect of standard, the multi-functional use of peasant household unit.

2. The utility model discloses based on two lines of planting designs, be fit for small area soil and cultivate, economic benefits is high, and operating capability and operation wide range are fit for peasant household purchase and use.

3. The utility model discloses this while has accurate seeding volume, plant row spacing and degree of depth, has the advantage of saving the seed, avoiding thinning operation, seedling spacing after the seedling, improves on the basis of all kinds of seed metering wares of hill-drop planter and forms, can once only accomplish multiple processes such as dark pine, layering fertilization, ditching seeding, suppression, realize the increase of equipment function through quick change device.

4. The utility model discloses a replacement part carries out the function conversion, and low in manufacturing cost has solved the problem that peasant household purchase agricultural machinery equipment is with high costs, and the problem of maize and soybean with the machine seeding is complicated with the machine seeding replacement device structure, is difficult to the problem of operation to and the peasant household is inexpensive, practical requirement to the multi-functional demand of product simultaneously.

5. The utility model discloses a two models of soybean and corn drill unite two into one, and two machine unifications reduce planting cost, improve peasant household's income, and the energy is produced to the saving equipment and resource thereof, and the replacement device is simple, the processing ease, and the operator easily realizes, realizes complex function, satisfies the customer demand.

6. The utility model discloses replacement part is simple, low in manufacturing cost, and the replacement is convenient, is convenient for produce the accessory.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a traction type general no-tillage planter for soybean and corn of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a soybean planting structure of a traction type general no-tillage seeder for soybean and corn of the utility model;

FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view of a soybean planting structure of a traction type soybean and corn universal no-tillage planter of the utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a corn planting structure of a traction-type general no-tillage planter for soybean and corn of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a corn planting structure of the traction-type general no-tillage planter for soybean and corn of the utility model;

FIG. 6 is a side view of the general no-tillage planter for pull-type soybean and corn of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a partial structure diagram of a general no-tillage planter for pull-type soybean and corn of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a front view of the general no-tillage planter for pull-type soybean and corn of the present invention;

in the figure: 1-a frame; 2-a seeder frame; 3-a transmission device; 4-a compacting device; 5-seed box; 6, seeding mechanism; 7-fertilizer box; 8-a depth stop device; 601-soybean seeding apparatus; 602-a support; 603-a furrow opener; 604-soybean soil separator; 605-furrow opener shelf; 606-soybean seeding cylinder; 611-corn seeding mechanism; 614-corn soil separator; 615-corn seeding cylinder.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings:

the first embodiment is as follows: this embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 8. The traction type general no-tillage seeder for soybean and corn comprises a frame 1, two seeder frames 2, two transmission devices 3, two compacting devices 4, two seed boxes 5, two seed sowing devices 6, two fertilizer boxes 7 and two depth limiting devices 8; the machine frame 1 is connected with a tractor, two seeder frames 2 are fixed at the rear of the machine frame 1, two transmission devices 3 are symmetrically fixed at the rear of the machine frame 1, the two transmission devices 3 are connected through a transmission shaft, a seed box 5, a fertilizer box 7 and a depth limiting device 8 are fixed on each seeder frame 2, a seed sowing device 6 is installed below the seed box 5, the seed sowing device 6 is connected with the seeder frames 2, a fertilizing tube is installed below the fertilizer box 7, a pressing device 4 is installed at the rear of each seeder frame 2, and the two seed sowing devices 6 are respectively a soybean seed sowing device system and a corn seed sowing device system and can be detached and replaced mutually;

the soybean seed metering device system comprises a soybean seed metering device 601, a support 602, a furrow opener 603, a soybean soil separating device 604, a furrow opener frame 605 and a soybean seeding cylinder 606, wherein the soybean seed metering device 601, the support 602 and the soybean seeding cylinder 606 are fixed on a seeder frame 2, a shaft hole is formed in the lower part of the support 602, a shaft of the furrow opener 603 is installed in the shaft hole and connected with the seeder frame 2 through the support 602, the furrow opener frame 605 is coaxial with the furrow opener 603, the soybean soil separating device 604 is installed below the furrow opener frame 605, the soybean seeding cylinder 606 is installed below the soybean seed metering device 601, and the soybean seeding cylinder 606 extends into the soybean soil separating device 604; the corn seed metering device system comprises a corn seed metering device 611, a support 602, a furrow opener 603, a corn soil divider 614 and a corn seed sowing barrel 615, wherein the support 602 and the furrow opener 603 are common to the soybean seed metering device system, the corn seed metering device 611, the support 602 and the corn seed sowing barrel 606 are fixed on a seeder frame 2, the corn seed sowing barrel 615 is installed below the corn seed metering device 611, and the corn soil divider 614 is installed below the support 602.

The furrow opener 603 can realize 360-degree infinite rotation, the furrow opener 603 is provided with an opening angle, the soil divider 604 is fixed on a furrow opener frame 605 to form a certain angle, the furrow opener frame 605 is coaxial with the furrow opener 603, but the furrow opener frame 605 is fixedly connected with the seeder frame 2 through 3 screws; the seeding cylinder 606 is fixed on the seeding single group 2 and is fixed through screw connection.

The frame 1 and the seeder frame 2 are fixedly connected by U-shaped clamp bolts.

The frame 1 and the transmission device 3 are fixedly connected by U-shaped clamp bolts.

The two transmission devices 3 are completely the same and have the same function, are equivalent to two front wheels of an automobile, and are connected with a transmission shaft in the middle.

The transmission device 3 mainly provides a rotary power source for the whole no-tillage planter, tires on the transmission device 3 are in contact with the ground to generate friction force, so that the tires rotate, and the tires transmit the rotation to a shaft through a chain sprocket, wherein the shaft is the power source of all connected sprockets.

The action of the press device 4: the compacting device 4 is used for covering and filling soil after seeds are planted, and then compacting and flattening, namely the effect of filling soil and flattening.

The depth stop device 8 functions as follows: when the single sowing group is sowing, the furrow opener is used for digging soil by gravity, and in order to control the depth of furrowing, the tires on the depth limiting device 8 play a role in limiting the depth, so that the furrowing depth of the furrow opener 603 can be controlled, and the limiting device 8 realizes the function of digging a plurality of deep furrows by depending on the distance between the tires and the furrow opener 603.

The seed box 5, the seed sowing device 6 and the fertilizer box 7 are connected with the seeder frame 2 through screws.

And the pressing device 4 is connected with the seeder frame 2 by adopting a connecting rod.

The depth limiting device 8 is connected with the seeder frame 2 through a shaft.

The furrow opener 603 is connected with the seeder frame 2 through a shaft and a bearing.

The seed metering device 6 is fixedly arranged on the seeder frame 2 and can be increased into a single row, two rows, four rows and the like according to the difference of the planting rows. FIG. 1 illustrates the basic positions of the metering device in its primary connected relationship.

The scheme is briefly described as follows: general assembly structure figure 1 illustrates the basic structure of a traction type soybean and corn universal no-tillage planter, which shows the main components, and is a two-row corn and four-row soybean planter. Two seeder frames 2 are needed on one device, one seeder frame 2 can sow one row of corns and two rows of soybeans, and in order to realize the dual functions of sowing soybeans and corns on the whole machine, a soybean device structure shown in figure 2 and a corn device structure shown in figure 3 are designed. The two devices are disassembled and rotated, so that the seeding of two crops can be realized, the two crops have commonalities and differences, the commonalities are similar in no-tillage planting process, and the differences are different in planting density, row spacing, planting spacing and the like. A plurality of schemes can be provided for realizing the dual-purpose of one machine, but the cost is saved, and the purchasing cost of a client, namely the investment of the land of a farmer, cannot be greatly improved. Under the design theory and the premise, the mode of structural part replacement is adopted in the design, so that the corn and the soybean are sown on one machine, the cost is not increased or slightly increased, the use requirement of farmers is met, and the design purpose and the use requirement are met.

1. The working process and principle of soybean sowing are shown in figures 2-3

The design requirement is as follows: and (3) close planting in small ridges, which is a planting mode with a ridge distance of 30 cm to 40 cm. Specifically, ridging is carried out according to 80 cm, two rows are planted on the ridges, and the ridge distance is 30 cm to 40 cm, namely the planting mode is adopted. Therefore, the planting distance of two rows of the soybean seeding device designed by the design is 40mm, and two rows of the soybean seeding device are planted. The structure shown in fig. 2-3 is designed.

The working process is as follows: when the machine is in an operating state, the furrow opener 603 rotates to dig furrows, soil is extruded to two sides respectively, a furrow is formed, the depth of the furrow is adjusted in advance according to requirements, namely the sowing depth, and other mechanisms are needed for adjustment. In order to avoid the inconsistent depth caused by soil backfilling or the different positions of the seeds after falling, the soybean soil divider 604 is designed to ditch two small ditches on the ground soil, and the soybean seeding cylinder 606 is contained inside the soybean soil divider 604 to prevent soil loosening and backfilling. The seeds are preferably conveyed to the soybean seeding cylinder 604 through the seeding function of the soybean seeding device 601, the seeds fall into the position close to the soybean soil separator 604, the seeding process is completed, and the whole device can be pressed to complete the covering.

The working principle is as follows: by utilizing the ditching function of the ditcher 603, a loose soil layer without impurities is firstly excavated. And then secondary ditching is carried out by utilizing the soil divider 604. The purpose of secondary ditching is to prevent seeds from being subjected to the falling depth of the seeds caused by back filling, impurities, straws, soil blocks and the like, so that the seeds have different depths and the plant spacing deviates. The design of secondary ditching lets the seed in time unhindered seeding in the ditch, reaches good planting effect. In order to seed corn and soybeans on one machine, a furrow opener rack 605 is designed for mounting a furrow opener 603, and the requirement of two rows of soybean planting is met. The opener rack 605 is a special device for soybeans, and can be disassembled by detaching the opener rack 605 from the bracket 602 and detaching 3 connecting nuts if the opener rack is changed to plant corns. Meanwhile, the soybean soil separator 604 is also dismantled, two rows of seed sowing cylinders are required to be arranged on two rows of furrow openers, and two rows of seed sowing cylinders 606 are designed to realize that seeds smoothly enter the soil separator and then carry out subsequent sowing work tasks.

2. The working process and principle of corn sowing are shown in figures 4-5

The design requirement is as follows: generally, two planting modes are provided, one mode is to combine two ridges in the past with a ridge distance of 60 cm-65 cm into a large ridge, two rows of corns are planted on the ridge, the small row spacing is 40 cm, and the large row spacing is 80 cm or 90 cm; in the second mode, the former ridges are combined into two large ridges, and two rows of corns are planted on each large ridge. Namely, four rows are changed from the last three rows, the small row spacing is 30 cm, and the large row spacing is 60 cm or 67.5 cm. The plant spacing is about 25-27 cm. The planting density is determined according to local cultivation level and variety characteristics. The second mode that two ridges of this design adoption interval 60 centimetres, every ridge planting one line, two ridges total two lines is convenient for ventilate, sunshine shines. A seed metering structure as shown in fig. 4-5 is designed.

The working process is as follows: the working process is similar to that of soybeans, when the machine is in an operating state, the furrow opener 603 rotates to open furrows, soil is extruded to two sides respectively, a furrow is formed, the depth of the furrow is adjusted in advance according to requirements, namely the sowing depth, and other mechanisms are needed for adjustment. In order to avoid the inconsistent depth caused by soil backfilling or the different positions of the seeds after falling, the corn soil divider 614 is designed to perform small furrowing on the ground soil. Meanwhile, the corn seeding cylinder 615 is closely followed to prevent loose soil from backfilling. The seeds are conveyed to the corn seeding barrel 615 through the seeding function of the corn seeding device 611, the seeds fall into the position close to the corn soil separator 614, the seeding process is completed, and the whole machine equipment can be pressed to complete covering.

The working principle is as follows: utilize 3 furrow opener ditching functions, firstly, it does not have impurity, soft soil texture layer to open one, then utilize maize branch native ware 614 to carry out the secondary ditching, maize branch native ware 614 is direct to be installed on support 602 through the axle, the maize design single file is sowed, so maize seeding tube 615 is single-row design, the seed passes through maize seed metering ware 611, enter into among the slot that maize branch native ware 614 formed through maize seeding tube 615, then carry out the follow-up operation of sowing, carry out the suppression etc..

3. Description of the replacement parts:

the same components: the bracket 602 for corn sowing and soybean sowing is the same bracket, and the furrow opener 603 is the same part.

The components that need to be replaced for the functional conversion: the corn seeder is adopted for planting corn, and the soybean seeder is adopted for planting soybean. The installation positions of the two seeders are reserved and are not introduced as innovation points; corn separator 614 and soybean separator 604 function in the same way. But the shapes and the sizes are different, the corn soil separator 614 is directly arranged on the bracket 602, the soybean soil separator 604 is arranged on the ditcher rack 605, and the ditcher rack 605 is arranged on the bracket 602; the corn and soybean seed barrels 615 and 606 are functionally identical, but are different in structural size for reasons of: soybeans are in two rows, and corns are in a single row.

The above-mentioned embodiments further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only exemplary of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A traction type general no-tillage seeder for soybean and corn is characterized by comprising a rack (1), two seeder racks (2), two transmission devices (3), two compacting devices (4), two seed boxes (5), two seed sowing devices (6), two fertilizer boxes (7) and two depth limiting devices (8);

the seeder is characterized in that the frame (1) is connected with a tractor, two seeder frames (2) are fixed at the rear of the frame (1), two transmission devices (3) are symmetrically fixed at the rear of the frame (1), the two transmission devices (3) are connected through a transmission shaft, each seeder frame (2) is fixed with a seed box (5), a fertilizer box (7) and a depth limiting device (8), a seed sowing device (6) is installed below the seed box (5), the seed sowing device (6) is connected with the seeder frames (2), a fertilizer application pipe is installed below the fertilizer box (7), a pressing device (4) is installed at the rear of each seeder frame (2), and the two seed sowing devices (6) are respectively a soybean seed sowing device system and a corn seed sowing device system and can be detached and replaced mutually;

the soybean seed metering device system comprises a soybean seed metering device (601), a support (602), a furrow opener (603), a soybean soil distributor (604), a furrow opener frame (605) and a soybean seeding barrel (606), wherein the soybean seed metering device (601), the support (602) and the soybean seeding barrel (606) are fixed on a seeder frame (2), a shaft hole is formed in the lower part of the support (602), a shaft of the furrow opener (603) is arranged in the shaft hole and connected with the seeder frame (2) through the support (602), the furrow opener frame (605) is coaxial with the furrow opener (603), the soybean soil distributor (604) is arranged below the furrow opener frame (605), the soybean seeding barrel (606) is arranged below the soybean seed metering device (601), and the soybean seeding barrel (606) extends into the soybean soil distributor (604);

the corn seed metering device system comprises a corn seed metering device (611), a support (602), a furrow opener (603), a corn soil separating device (614) and a corn seeding tube (615), wherein the support (602) and the furrow opener (603) are universal with the soybean seed metering device system, the corn seed metering device (611), the support (602) and the corn seeding tube (615) are fixed on a seeder frame (2), the corn seeding tube (615) is installed below the corn seed metering device (611), and the corn soil separating device (614) is installed below the support (602).

2. The traction type soybean and corn universal no-tillage planter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the frame (1) and the planter frame (2) are fixedly connected by U-shaped clamp bolts.

3. The traction type soybean and corn universal no-tillage planter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the frame (1) and the transmission device (3) are fixedly connected by U-shaped clamp bolts.

4. The pull-type soybean and corn universal no-tillage planter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the seed box (5), the seed sowing device (6) and the fertilizer box (7) are connected with the planter frame (2) through screws.

5. The pull-type soybean and corn universal no-tillage planter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the press device (4) is connected with the planter frame (2) by a connecting rod.

6. The pull-type soybean and corn universal no-tillage planter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the depth stop device (8) is connected with the planter frame (2) by a shaft.

7. The pull-type soybean and corn universal no-tillage planter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the furrow opener (603) is connected with the planter frame (2) through a shaft and a bearing.

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