CN211451846U - Pot furnace for needle coke calcination - Google Patents

Pot furnace for needle coke calcination Download PDF

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Publication number
CN211451846U
CN211451846U CN201921583471.4U CN201921583471U CN211451846U CN 211451846 U CN211451846 U CN 211451846U CN 201921583471 U CN201921583471 U CN 201921583471U CN 211451846 U CN211451846 U CN 211451846U
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flame path
furnace
pot
air
volatile matter
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陈晖�
陈怡�
胡杰
董宁
朱红军
邱治国
江南
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JIANGSU SURUN HIGH-CARBON CO LTD
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a pot-type stove for needle coke calcination, the pot-type stove includes wick and furnace body, the volatile matter main road of wick top is linked together through the burner under the volatile matter main road with first layer flame path, the burner surrounds by the top silica brick of first layer flame path under the volatile matter main road and forms, the horizontal passageway of preheated air of wick below is built by laying bricks or stones with the volatile matter main road and is formed by high-alumina brick, the hot-air pipeline and the horizontal passageway of preheated air that the furnace body lateral wall set up are linked together, the first layer flame path air intake of furnace body lateral wall is connected through hot air pipe with hot air pipeline, first layer flame path air intake is connected with outside gas pipe. The utility model discloses improve on traditional pot-type furnace basis, form a pot-type furnace that is applicable to needle coke calcination, can satisfy the high temperature and calcine, the comprehensive utilization used heat air carries out the auxiliary heating with plus gas, and the high temperature accident that can avoid leading to because of the human factor effectively improves the quality of calcining the back coke simultaneously.

Description

Pot furnace for needle coke calcination
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of calcining equipment, particularly, relate to a pot-type furnace for needle coke calcination.
Background
The needle coke is produced, the calcining temperature is generally required to be 1400-1500 ℃, and the green coke is calcined by adopting a rotary kiln or a rotary multi-bed furnace at home and abroad. The rotary kiln is adopted for calcination, so that the burning loss of the carbon is high, and a large amount of resources and energy are wasted; meanwhile, the rotary kiln is a rotating device, so that the requirement on the performance of refractory materials is high, and although the rotary kiln is well applied to high-temperature devices such as blast furnaces, the rotary kiln is not ideal for calcining needle coke.
Therefore, it is a development trend to calcine needle coke by using a pot furnace, as shown in fig. 1, except for a flame path structure which needs to bear high temperature, other structures of the pot furnace are generally built by clay bricks, a lower flame port of a volatile matter path is positioned at the position of the clay bricks, the calcining temperature of the needle coke is higher than that of calcining common petroleum coke by more than 150 ℃, the automation degree of furnace temperature control is low, and the furnace temperature is unstable. Thus, when the needle coke is calcined using the pot furnace, it is necessary to introduce an automated furnace temperature control method in addition to adjustment of a part of the structure of the pot furnace.
In addition, the pot furnace for calcining petroleum coke requires that the volatile content of green coke is 9.8-10.3%, otherwise, the production cannot be carried out if the volatile content is low. Therefore, if the low-volatile needle coke is used for producing high-quality calcined needle coke, combustion-supporting heating is needed, and the introduced gas is automatically controlled so as to save energy and keep stable furnace temperature.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the problem, the utility model provides a pot-type furnace for needle coke calcination to overcome the problem of the low unable production of volatile among the prior art, make the pot-type furnace can adapt to furnace body high temperature and calcine, effectively increase needle coke true specific gravity, reduce the rate of burning out, improve degree of automation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:
a pot furnace for needle coke calcination is characterized in that: the furnace comprises a furnace core 1 and a furnace body 2, wherein the furnace core 1 is built by silica bricks and comprises a first-layer flame path 101, a plurality of middle flame paths 102 and a bottom flame path 103 from top to bottom, the furnace body 2 is built by clay bricks, a volatile matter main path 3 is arranged above the furnace core 1 and is communicated with the first-layer flame path 101 through a volatile matter main path lower flame opening 301, the volatile matter main path lower flame opening 301 is positioned at the edge of the first-layer flame path 101 and is surrounded by the top silica bricks of the first-layer flame path 101, a preheated air horizontal channel 4 is arranged below the furnace core 1, the volatile matter main path 3 and the preheated air horizontal channel 4 are built by high-alumina bricks, a hot air pipeline 5 is transversely arranged on the side wall of the furnace body 2, the hot air pipeline 5 and the preheated air horizontal channel 4 are communicated through a vertical channel arranged on the inner wall of the furnace body 2, a transverse first-layer flame path air inlet 6 is arranged at the position where the side wall of the furnace body 2, the hot air pipeline 5 is connected with the first-layer flame path air inlet 6 through a hot air pipe 7, preheated air after heat exchange with a burning material is collected to enter a preheated air horizontal channel 4, enters the hot air pipe 7 through the hot air pipeline 5, enters the first-layer flame path 101 through the first-layer flame path air inlet 6, the first-layer flame path air inlet 6 is connected with an external gas pipe 8, and external gas is conveyed through the gas pipe 8 and enters the first-layer flame path 101 through the first-layer flame path air inlet 6.
In this technical scheme, further, set up hot-air flow meter 9 and frequency modulation motor 10 on hot-air pipe 7, hot-air flow meter 9 and frequency modulation motor 10 are connected with DCS automatic control system.
Further, a gas flowmeter 11 and an electromagnetic valve 12 are arranged on the gas pipe, and the gas flowmeter 11 and the electromagnetic valve 12 are connected with the DCS automatic control system.
Further, the solenoid valve 12 is a pulse type solenoid valve.
Furthermore, a photoelectric pyrometer 13 is arranged in the middle flue 102, and a K-type thermocouple 14 is arranged in the bottom flue 103.
The method for controlling the furnace temperature of the pot furnace comprises the following steps:
(1) setting the temperature required by a certain layer of flame path in the middle flame path 102 as a control temperature, inputting the control temperature into a DCS automatic control system, setting an alarm temperature at the same time, and measuring the temperature in real time by using the photoelectric pyrometer 13;
(2) transmitting the measured temperature signal to a DCS automatic control system of a central control room for displaying and processing;
(3) the DCS automatic control system calculates and processes the measured temperature and the control temperature according to an automatic fuzzy control algorithm program edited in the system and outputs a switching signal to the electromagnetic valve 12 for control;
(4) outputting different frequencies according to the operation result to control the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 12, and further controlling the gas injection quantity to reach the control temperature;
(5) if the measured temperature value exceeds the alarm temperature, the DCS automatic control system issues an audible and visual alarm, automatically cuts off algorithm operation to stop outputting a switching signal, stops auxiliary heating, and resumes operation to start outputting the switching signal until the measured temperature is less than a temperature set value;
(6) on the basis of the steps (1) to (5), the required proportion of the hot air and the fuel gas is input into the DCS automatic control system, real-time monitoring data of the hot air flow meter 9 and the fuel gas flow meter 11 enter the DCS automatic control system, and after the DCS automatic control system performs proportion operation processing when the fuel gas flow changes, a signal is output to control the frequency modulation motor 10, and the hot air amount is regulated and controlled, so that the flow of the hot air and the fuel gas reaches the corresponding proportion.
In step (3), the automatic fuzzy control algorithm is realized by the following method:
(a) according to the actual situation of field production, presetting the opening period of the electromagnetic valve 12 in an algorithm program of a DCS automatic control system, and a matrix table which is composed of a rate value of temperature measurement change per minute as an abscissa, a deviation value of real-time temperature measurement and control temperature as an ordinate, and an output value of opening time of the electromagnetic valve 12 in one opening period;
(b) according to the real-time measured temperature, a program pre-edited by a DCS automatic control system calculates a deviation value between the real-time measured temperature and the control temperature and a rate value of change of the measured temperature per minute, and according to the two variables, an output value is obtained after a matrix table in an algorithm is automatically searched when the program runs;
(c) the output value controls the opening time of the electromagnetic valve 12 in one opening period, the stopping time is equal to the period time minus the opening time, and the next period is automatically continued after the switching period is finished.
Among this technical scheme, the weak point that bears the high temperature in to the pot-type furnace body improves, will volatilize all to use the high alumina brick to build by laying bricks or stones between main road and pot-type furnace body and the water jacket, replaces the clay brick that traditional pot-type furnace used, and the cost that the pot-type furnace had both been practiced thrift to the part change in the at utmost can guarantee that the furnace physical stamina bears the high temperature in the production process at high temperature calcination needle coke in-process simultaneously, prolongs the life of pot-type furnace.
In the technical scheme, the position of the traditional pot-type furnace is improved, the position of clay bricks outside the pot-type furnace body is moved forward to the edge of the first-layer flame path and is surrounded by the top silica bricks of the first-layer flame path, so that the phenomenon that a volatile matter large-path lower fire hole is burnt out due to high temperature due to the fact that the furnace temperature is increased can be avoided.
The air amount adjustment mode in the traditional tank furnace is as follows: the air quantity in the flame path has obvious relation with the negative pressure of the system, fuel combustion must be increased to increase the temperature, if the fuel is sufficient, the temperature cannot be increased due to insufficient air quantity entering the flame path, and therefore the air quantity is increased only by increasing the negative pressure of the system. In the technical scheme, the hot air obtained by heat exchange between the preheated air horizontal channel and the high-temperature calcined coke is conveyed to the first-layer flame path by using the preheated air horizontal channel and the hot air pipeline, so that the waste heat air is comprehensively utilized, and the energy-saving effect is achieved. In addition, a frequency modulation motor is added on the hot air pipe, flow meters are respectively arranged on the gas pipe and the hot air pipe, the amount of preheated air is regulated and controlled by the frequency modulation motor, the proper amount of hot air can be ensured, the utilization rate of the hot air is increased, the volatile matter is fully combusted, the automatic adjustment of the air-fuel ratio is ensured, the optimal combustion state is achieved, and the heat energy loss is reduced. Compared with the traditional mode, the frequency modulation motor is added, the operation is more convenient, accurate and efficient than manual adjustment, less fuel is consumed, the negative pressure of the system is smaller, less smoke is generated, the combustion is more effective, and the combustion rate of volatile matters is improved. Tests show that the same furnace temperature is achieved, and after the frequency modulation motor is adopted and the amount of preheated air is increased, the amount of added fuel can be saved by 15-20%.
In the technical scheme, the pulse type electromagnetic valve is adopted, the air input of the fuel gas is automatically adjusted, the fuel gas feeding amount is controlled according to the opening and closing time of the electromagnetic valve, the opening and closing time of the electromagnetic valve is adjusted in real time through the DCS automatic control system after being calculated according to factors such as the furnace temperature and the highest temperature calcination requirement which are measured continuously in real time, the accurate control of the temperature is further realized, and the overtemperature timely alarm is realized.
According to the technical scheme, according to the actual situation of field production, a calculation program and related data are input into a fuzzy algorithm program of the DCS automatic control system in advance, namely, a frequency modulation motor and an electromagnetic valve are controlled by measuring real-time monitoring data of temperature, hot air flow and gas flow, so that the flow of gas and hot air is adjusted to achieve the control temperature. The temperature control method has high automation degree, can moderate and rise to the required calcining temperature in a short time, accurately controls the temperature of the furnace body, realizes standard reaching without exceeding the standard, protects the furnace body, avoids high-temperature accidents caused by human factors, can effectively increase the true specific gravity of needle coke, reduces the burning loss rate and improves the quality of calcined coke.
Drawings
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a prior art can type furnace.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the middle tank furnace of the present invention.
In the drawings:
1. furnace core 101, first layer flame path 102, middle flame path 103 and bottom layer flame path
2. Furnace body 3, volatile matter main passage 301, volatile matter main passage lower fire hole 4 and preheated air horizontal passage
5. Hot air pipeline 6, first layer flue air inlet 7, hot air pipe 8 and gas pipe
9. Hot air flowmeter 10, frequency modulation motor 11, gas flowmeter 12, electromagnetic valve
13. Photoelectric pyrometer 14, K type thermocouple
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example (b):
a pot furnace for needle coke calcination is characterized in that: the furnace comprises a furnace core 1 and a furnace body 2, wherein the furnace core 1 is built by silica bricks and comprises a first-layer flame path 101, a plurality of middle flame paths 102 and a bottom flame path 103 from top to bottom, the furnace body 2 is built by clay bricks, a volatile matter main path 3 is arranged above the furnace core 1 and is communicated with the first-layer flame path 101 through a volatile matter main path lower flame opening 301, the volatile matter main path lower flame opening 301 is positioned at the edge of the first-layer flame path 101 and is surrounded by the top silica bricks of the first-layer flame path 101, a preheated air horizontal channel 4 is arranged below the furnace core 1, the volatile matter main path 3 and the preheated air horizontal channel 4 are built by high-alumina bricks, a hot air pipeline 5 is transversely arranged on the side wall of the furnace body 2 and is communicated with the preheated air horizontal channel 4, a transverse first-layer flame path air inlet 6 is arranged at the horizontal position of the side wall of the furnace body 2 and the first-layer flame path 101, the hot air pipeline 5 is connected with the first-layer flame path air inlet 6, the first layer flame path air inlet 6 is connected with an external gas pipe 8.
The hot air pipe 7 is provided with a hot air flow meter 9 and a frequency modulation motor 10, and the hot air flow meter 9 and the frequency modulation motor 10 are connected with a DCS automatic control system.
The gas pipe is provided with a gas flowmeter 11 and an electromagnetic valve 12, and the gas flowmeter 11 and the electromagnetic valve 12 are connected with the DCS automatic control system.
The solenoid valve 12 is a pulse type solenoid valve.
The photoelectric pyrometer 13 is arranged in the middle flame path 102, and the K-type thermocouple 14 is arranged in the bottom flame path 103.
In this embodiment, the method for controlling the furnace temperature of the pot furnace is as follows:
(1) setting 1450 ℃ required by the third layer of flame path as a control temperature, inputting the control temperature into a DCS automatic control system, setting an alarm temperature of 1500 ℃, and measuring the temperature in real time by using a photoelectric pyrometer 13;
(2) transmitting the measured temperature signal to a DCS automatic control system of a central control room for displaying and processing;
(3) the DCS automatic control system calculates and processes the measured temperature and the control temperature according to an automatic fuzzy control algorithm program edited in the system and outputs a switching signal to the electromagnetic valve 12 for control;
the automatic fuzzy control algorithm is realized by the following method:
(a) according to the actual situation of field production, the opening period of the electromagnetic valve 12 is preset in the algorithm program of the DCS automatic control system, two opening periods are set, the opening period time of the first gear is set to be 100 seconds, the opening period time of the second gear is set to be 200 seconds, meanwhile, a matrix table consisting of a rate value of the change of the measured temperature per minute as an abscissa, a deviation value of the real-time measured temperature and the control temperature as an ordinate and an output value of the opening time of the electromagnetic valve 12 in one opening period is set, and the matrix table is shown in the following figure;
Figure BDA0002211228590000051
note: the deviation is in units of deg.C, the rate is in units of deg.C/min, and the output is in units of s (seconds).
(b) According to the real-time measured temperature, a program pre-edited by a DCS automatic control system calculates a deviation value between the real-time measured temperature and the control temperature and a rate value of change of the measured temperature per minute, and according to the two variables, an output value is obtained after a matrix table in an algorithm is automatically searched during the running of the program, if the deviation value between a temperature measured value and a set value is-6 ℃, the change rate is-4 ℃/min, the output value is 8s, namely the opening time of the electromagnetic valve is 8s in one opening period.
(c) The output value controls the opening time of the electromagnetic valve 12 in one opening period (100s) to be 8s, the stop time is equal to the period time minus the opening time and is 92s, the next period is automatically continued after the opening period of 100s is finished, if the output value is equal to 1s (for example, the deviation value of the temperature measurement value and the set value is +1 ℃, the change rate is-1 ℃/min, and the output value is 1s), the DCS automatic control system automatically switches to the opening period of the second gear, and automatically switches to the opening period of the first gear when the output value is larger than or equal to 2.
(4) Outputting different frequencies according to the operation result to control the switch of the electromagnetic valve 12, and further controlling the gas injection quantity to reach the control temperature of 1450 ℃;
(5) if the measured temperature value exceeds the alarm temperature of 1500 ℃, the DCS automatic control system issues an audible and visual alarm, automatically cuts off algorithm operation, stops outputting a switching signal, stops auxiliary heating, and resumes operation and starts outputting the switching signal until the measured temperature is less than a temperature set value;
(6) on the basis of the steps (1) to (5), the required proportion of hot air and fuel gas is set, the flow rate of hot air/the flow rate of fuel gas is 1.5 and is input into the DCS automatic control system, real-time monitoring data of the hot air flow meter 9 and the fuel gas flow meter 11 enter the DCS automatic control system, and when the flow rate of fuel gas changes, the DCS automatic control system outputs signals to control the frequency modulation motor 10 after proportional operation processing, so that the hot air amount is regulated and controlled, and the flow rates of the hot air and the fuel gas reach the corresponding proportion.
The work flow of the pot furnace for calcining the needle coke is as follows:
the raw coke enters a pre-calcining bin through a bucket elevator, and is continuously fed into the tank furnace through a pre-calcining feeding bucket elevator and a belt conveyor; the raw materials are indirectly heated by flame paths on two sides in the pot-type furnace, the preheating zone of the pot-type furnace is gradually heated from a low-temperature state by adjusting the negative pressure of each flame path to remove volatile matters and moisture, then the raw materials enter a calcining zone, and the volatile matters generated by the raw coke passing through the preheating zone are fully combusted and utilized by adjusting the negative pressure of the calcining zone; during calcination, because the needle coke volatile matter is low and is not enough to rise to the required calcination temperature, gas is required to be introduced for combustion supporting, so that the calcination zone reaches the required calcination temperature, the raw coke is calcined at the high temperature, the volatile matter is further reduced, meanwhile, the structural rearrangement is carried out physical and chemical changes, the density, the strength and the electric conductivity are improved, finally, the raw coke is converted into calcined needle coke with qualified indexes, after the calcined material is subjected to indirect heat exchange with air through a cooling zone, hot air is conveyed into a first-layer flame path for auxiliary heating, and the calcined material which is still glowing falls into a cooling cylinder with a cooling water jacket for rapid cooling so as to avoid oxidation; the cooled calcined material is continuously discharged out of the furnace by a closed crushed material and discharging mechanism in a proper amount and is transported to a calcined petroleum coke storage bin by a vibration conveyor, a belt conveyor and a bucket elevator.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that: for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A pot furnace for needle coke calcination is characterized in that: the furnace comprises a furnace core (1) and a furnace body (2), wherein the furnace core (1) is built by silica bricks and comprises a first-layer flame path (101), a plurality of middle flame paths (102) and a bottom flame path (103) from top to bottom, the furnace body (2) is built by clay bricks, a volatile matter flame path (3) is arranged above the furnace core (1) and is communicated with the first-layer flame path (101) through a volatile matter flame path lower flame opening (301), the volatile matter flame path lower flame opening (301) is positioned at the edge of the first-layer flame path (101) and is surrounded by the top silica bricks of the first-layer flame path (101), a preheating air horizontal channel (4) is arranged below the furnace core (1), the volatile matter flame path (3) and the preheating air horizontal channel (4) are both formed by high-alumina bricks, a hot air pipeline (5) is transversely arranged on the side wall of the furnace body (2), and the hot air pipeline (5) is communicated with the preheating air horizontal channel (4), the lateral wall of furnace body (2) is provided with horizontal first floor flame path air intake (6) with first floor flame path (101) horizontally position, hot-air pipe (5) are connected through hot-air pipe (7) with first floor flame path air intake (6), first floor flame path air intake (6) are connected with outside gas pipe (8).
2. The pot furnace for needle coke calcination as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the hot air pipe (7) is provided with a hot air flow meter (9) and a frequency modulation motor (10), and the hot air flow meter (9) and the frequency modulation motor (10) are connected with a DCS automatic control system.
3. The pot furnace for needle coke calcination as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the gas pipe is provided with a gas flowmeter (11) and an electromagnetic valve (12), and the gas flowmeter (11) and the electromagnetic valve (12) are connected with a DCS automatic control system.
4. The pot furnace for needle coke calcination as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the electromagnetic valve (12) is a pulse electromagnetic valve.
5. The pot furnace for needle coke calcination as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the middle flame path (102) is internally provided with a photoelectric pyrometer (13), and the bottom flame path (103) is internally provided with a K-type thermocouple (14).
CN201921583471.4U 2019-09-23 2019-09-23 Pot furnace for needle coke calcination Active CN211451846U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110631370A (en) * 2019-09-23 2019-12-31 江苏苏润高碳材股份有限公司 Pot furnace for needle coke calcination and furnace temperature control method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110631370A (en) * 2019-09-23 2019-12-31 江苏苏润高碳材股份有限公司 Pot furnace for needle coke calcination and furnace temperature control method thereof

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