CN211264738U - High school physics electromagnetism teaching experiment demonstration system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a high school physics electromagnetism teaching demonstration system, including demonstration circuit and the supporting component who is used for installing the demonstration circuit, the demonstration circuit includes power supply circuit, first branch road, second branch road, power supply circuit includes DC supply branch road, AC supply branch road, two output ends are drawn forth respectively after the way of DC supply branch road, AC supply is parallelly connected, one of them power supply output end is connected with first pilot lamp, first pilot lamp concatenates with change over switch, another power supply output end connects first branch road, second branch road respectively, first branch road, second branch road all are connected with change over switch; the first branch circuit comprises a first branch switch and a variable capacitor which are connected in series; the second branch comprises a second branch switch; the direct current power supply branch comprises a direct current power supply switch and a direct current power supply which are mutually connected in series; the alternating current power supply branch comprises an alternating current power supply switch and a variable frequency alternating current power supply which are mutually connected in series. The scheme has the advantages of simple structure and convenient operation, and can meet the teaching use of various physical principles.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a teaching instrument field, in particular to a demonstration system for carrying out physics experiment teaching usefulness.
Background
The knowledge of the existing high school physical capacitance, inductance, mutual inductance, self-inductance and other related laws is boring and difficult to understand, the physical laws are not matched with experiments to be explored, and even if the related experiments assist understanding, the related experiments are not systematic, students cannot see visual phenomena, and understanding and memory of the students are not facilitated. In chapters 4 and 5 of the selection and repair of physical textbooks of human teaching editions 3-2, a large part of experimental contents need to be demonstrated by using capacitors and inductance coils. However, no proper teaching aid is available in the market to integrate the two, so that a teacher can only use scattered electrical components to perform an experiment after connecting the electrical components on the spot every time when giving a lesson, the class time is delayed, and the demonstration effect is not ideal. As a teacher possibly needs to demonstrate a plurality of groups of experiments to assist teaching in class, the teacher can carry a plurality of electrical components, which is inconvenient, and the experiment can not be carried out due to the loss of some specific equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a demonstration system for physical experiment teaching, which is convenient to use in physical teaching.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a demonstration system for teaching physical experiments comprises a demonstration circuit and a supporting component for mounting the demonstration circuit, wherein the demonstration circuit comprises a power supply circuit, a first branch and a second branch, the power supply circuit comprises a direct current power supply branch and an alternating current power supply branch, two power supply output ends are respectively led out after the direct current power supply branch and the alternating current power supply branch are connected in parallel, one power supply output end is connected with a first indicator lamp, the first indicator lamp is connected with a change-over switch in series, the other power supply output end is respectively connected with the first branch and the second branch, and the first branch and the second branch are both connected with the change-over switch; the first branch circuit comprises a first branch switch and a variable capacitor which are connected in series; the second branch comprises a second branch switch; the direct current power supply branch comprises a direct current power supply switch and a direct current power supply which are mutually connected in series; the alternating current power supply branch comprises an alternating current power supply switch and a variable frequency alternating current power supply which are connected in series.
The system also comprises a third branch, a fourth branch, a fifth branch and a sixth branch, wherein one end of the third branch is connected with a change-over switch, the other end of the third branch is connected with a power supply output end, and the change-over switch is a single-pole triple-throw switch and is used for switching the first branch, the second branch and the third branch to be connected; one ends of the fourth branch, the fifth branch and the sixth branch are connected together and then connected with one end of a diode group, the other end of the diode group is connected with one end of the third branch, the other ends of the fourth branch, the fifth branch and the sixth branch are connected with a second indicator lamp through a second single-pole triple-throw switch, the second indicator lamp is connected with the other end of the third branch, and two ends of the second indicator lamp are provided with a short-circuit switch in parallel; the third branch circuit comprises a third branch switch, a variable resistor and a third indicator light which are connected in series; the fourth branch circuit comprises a fourth branch circuit switch and a fourth branch circuit inductance coil which are mutually connected in series; the fifth branch circuit comprises a fifth branch circuit switch and a fifth branch circuit inductance coil which are mutually connected in series; the sixth branch circuit comprises a sixth branch circuit switch and a sixth branch circuit inductance coil which are mutually connected in series; the diode group comprises two light-emitting diodes with different colors, and the positive and negative electrodes of the two light-emitting diodes are connected with each other and lead out a connection wire from the connection position of the positive and negative electrodes as two output ends.
The system further comprises a mutual inductance verification circuit, wherein the mutual inductance verification circuit comprises a mutual inductance verification switch, a mutual inductance coil and two light emitting diodes with different colors, the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes of the two light emitting diodes are connected with each other, and a connection wire is led out from the connection position of the positive electrode and the negative electrode to serve as two output ends, wherein one output end is connected with the other output end after sequentially passing through the mutual inductance coil and the mutual inductance verification switch.
The supporting assembly comprises a horizontal supporting plate and a vertical mounting plate, and the vertical mounting plate is fixedly arranged on the horizontal supporting plate; the demonstration circuit is arranged on the horizontal support plate.
The demonstration circuit further comprises a data processor, a voltage sensor and a current sensor, wherein the voltage sensor is connected to two ends of the third branch in parallel, the current sensor is arranged between the third branch and the diode group in series, output ends of the current sensor and the voltage sensor are connected with the data processor, and the data processor is connected with the display or the data processor is connected with the computer.
The utility model has the advantages that: the structure is simple, some physical principles can be conveniently demonstrated in teaching, and the teaching tool is convenient to use in teaching; meanwhile, a plurality of principles of physics can be demonstrated, and the operation is convenient, and the delay operation of the principles of physics can be realized only by controlling the on-off of the switch and the switching of the single-pole three-throw switch.
Drawings
The contents of the expressions in the various figures of the present specification and the labels in the figures are briefly described as follows:
fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of the demonstration system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the system of the present invention.
The labels in the above figures are: 1. two light emitting diodes of different colors; 2. a mutual inductance verification switch; 3. A mutual inductance coil; 4. a current sensor I1; 5. a diode group; 6. a sixth branch switch; 7. a fifth branch switch; 8. a fourth branch switch; 9. a sixth branch inductance coil; 10. a fifth branch inductance coil; 11. A fourth branch inductance coil; 12. a second single pole, triple throw switch; 13. a second indicator light; 14. a short-circuit switch; 15. a voltage sensor; 16. a third branch switch; 17. a variable resistor; 18, a third indicator light; 19. a second branch switch; 20. a switch; 21. a first indicator light; 22. a first bypass switch; 23. a variable capacitor; 24. current sensors I2, 25, an alternating current power supply switch, 26 and a variable frequency alternating current power supply; 27. a DC power supply switch; 28. a direct current power supply; 29. a vertical mounting plate 30, a horizontal support plate; 31. a data processor.
Detailed Description
The following description of preferred embodiments of the invention will be made in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The demonstration system for teaching physical experiments comprises a demonstration circuit and a supporting component for mounting the demonstration circuit, wherein the demonstration circuit comprises a power supply circuit, a first branch and a second branch, the power supply circuit comprises a direct current power supply branch and an alternating current power supply branch, the direct current power supply branch and the alternating current power supply branch are connected in parallel and then respectively led out of two power supply output ends, one power supply output end is connected with a first indicator lamp, the first indicator lamp is connected with a change-over switch in series, the other power supply output end is respectively connected with the first branch and the second branch, and the first branch and the second branch are both connected with the change-over switch; the first branch circuit comprises a first branch switch and a variable capacitor which are connected in series; the second branch comprises a second branch switch; the direct current power supply branch comprises a direct current power supply switch and a direct current power supply which are mutually connected in series; the alternating current power supply branch comprises an alternating current power supply switch and a variable frequency alternating current power supply which are connected in series.
The demonstration circuit further comprises a third branch, a fourth branch, a fifth branch and a sixth branch, one end of the third branch is connected with a change-over switch, the other end of the third branch is connected with a power supply output end, and the change-over switch is a single-pole triple-throw switch and is used for switching the first branch, the second branch and the third branch to be connected; one ends of the fourth branch, the fifth branch and the sixth branch are connected together and then connected with one end of a diode group, the other end of the diode group is connected with one end of the third branch, the other ends of the fourth branch, the fifth branch and the sixth branch are connected with a second indicator lamp through a second single-pole triple-throw switch, the second indicator lamp is connected with the other end of the third branch, and two ends of the second indicator lamp are provided with a short-circuit switch in parallel; the third branch circuit comprises a third branch switch, a variable resistor and a third indicator light which are connected in series; the fourth branch circuit comprises a fourth branch circuit switch and a fourth branch circuit inductance coil which are mutually connected in series; the fifth branch circuit comprises a fifth branch circuit switch and a fifth branch circuit inductance coil which are mutually connected in series; the sixth branch circuit comprises a sixth branch circuit switch and a sixth branch circuit inductance coil which are mutually connected in series; the diode group comprises two light-emitting diodes with different colors, and the positive and negative electrodes of the two light-emitting diodes are connected with each other and lead out a connection wire from the connection position of the positive and negative electrodes as two output ends.
The demonstration circuit further comprises a mutual inductance verification circuit, the mutual inductance verification circuit comprises a mutual inductance verification switch, a mutual inductance coil and two light emitting diodes with different colors, the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes of the two light emitting diodes are connected with each other, and a connection wire is led out from the connection position of the positive electrode and the negative electrode to serve as two output ends, wherein one output end is connected with the other output end after sequentially passing through the mutual inductance coil and the mutual inductance verification switch. The mutual inductance verification circuit is arranged near the mutual inductance coil of the fifth branch circuit and can be arranged at the close position according to requirements in a magnetic field when alternating current is conducted.
The supporting assembly comprises a horizontal supporting plate and a vertical mounting plate, and the vertical mounting plate is fixedly arranged on the horizontal supporting plate; the demonstration circuit is arranged on the horizontal supporting plate, the horizontal plate supporting plate is used for supporting the base, the vertical mounting plate is vertically arranged on the upper surface of the horizontal plate, and therefore the horizontal plate can be stably placed on the horizontal desktop of the platform. Various electrical components on the demonstration circuit can be arranged on one side surface of the vertical mounting plate through the PCB in a PCB integration mode or arranged on one side surface of the vertical plate in other modes, and the connection relation is connected through electrical common modes such as a wire.
The demonstration circuit further comprises a data processor, a voltage sensor and a current sensor, wherein the voltage sensor is connected to two ends of the third branch in parallel, the current sensor is arranged between the third branch and the diode group in series, the output ends of the current sensor and the voltage sensor are connected with the data processor, and the data processor is connected with a display or the data processor is connected with a computer. And related data are displayed, and the display is convenient through a computer and is used for displaying on a subsequent PPT teaching instrument and the like.
The fourth branch inductor, the fifth branch inductor, the sixth branch inductor and the mutual inductor can adopt coils with different parameters, and can respectively adopt 100 turns of inductor coils with small area, 500 turns of inductor coils with large area, 100 turns of inductor coils with large area, 1000 turns of inductor coils with large area and inductor coils with large area. In the application, the first indicator light, the second indicator light and the third indicator light are mainly used for indicating the power-on and power-off of the circuit, and can be realized by adopting a common bulb or a light-emitting diode.
When the demonstration circuit is arranged, the circuit can be sequentially installed from top to bottom or from bottom to top as a carrier of a circuit element as shown in fig. 1 and 2; a data processor 31 is arranged at the lowest part of the vertical demonstration board 29, receives and processes data of each sensor, and extends out two pins for connection with a computer; the variable frequency AC power supply 26 and the DC power supply 28 are connected in parallel and are arranged at the lower part of the vertical demonstration board to supply power to the whole circuit; the variable capacitor 23 and the first branch switch are common switches, and the first branch switch 22 and the current sensor I224 are connected in series to form a branch (r) which is connected in parallel with the lower variable-frequency alternating-current power supply 26; the second branch switch is a common switch, and the second branch switch 19 alone forms a branch II and is connected with the lower variable-frequency alternating-current power supply 26 in parallel; a third branch switch 16, a variable resistor 17 and a third indicator light 18 are connected in series to form a branch circuit III and are connected in parallel with a lower variable-frequency alternating-current power supply 26; a voltage sensor 15 is used as a branch circuit to be connected into the circuit and is connected with a lower variable-frequency alternating-current power supply 26 in parallel; the sixth branch switch 6 is a common switch, the sixth branch switch 6 is connected in series with a sixth branch inductance coil 9 with 100 turns and large coil area to form a branch, the fifth branch switch is a common switch, the fifth branch switch 7 is connected in series with a fifth branch inductance coil 10 with 500 turns and large coil area to form a branch, the fourth branch switch is a common switch, the fourth branch switch 8 is connected with 100 turns, a fourth branch inductance coil 11 with small coil area is connected in series to form a branch, three branches with inductance are connected in parallel and then connected in series with a current sensor I14 and a group of diode groups 5 which are connected in parallel and have different colors, and then connected in series through a second single-pole three-throw switch 12 and a second indicator light 13 which can be short-circuited by a short-circuit switch 14 to form a branch, and the branch is connected in parallel with a lower variable-frequency alternating-current power supply 26; the last first indicator light 21 is connected with the branches I, II and III in series through a single-pole triple-throw switch and is connected with the lower variable-frequency alternating-current power supply 26 in parallel; a group of parallel two light emitting diodes 1 with different colors, a common switch 2 and a 1000-turn mutual inductor 3 with large coil area are connected in series on the uppermost part of the vertical plate, and the circuit is close to but not connected with the lower circuit.
Preferably, the variable frequency alternating current power supply is connected with the direct current power supply in parallel to provide alternating current and direct current with different frequencies and voltages for the circuit, and the voltage is generally controlled between 0 and 12 volts, so that the safety of the circuit can be effectively ensured, and a better demonstration effect can be obtained.
Preferably, after the data processor 31 at the lowest part of the vertical plate collects the current sensor I14, the current sensor I224 and the voltage sensor 15, the data can be transmitted to a computer terminal through pins after being processed, and then the data can be further processed to obtain the related data of the self-inductance coefficient and the self-induced electromotive force
Preferably, the laboratory adjustment range of the variable capacitor 23 is 0 to 470 μ F, and each inductor has a fixed number of turns and shape, so that the influence of the capacitance of different capacitive reactance and the inductance of different inductive reactance on the alternating current of different frequencies can be verified.
Preferably, the vertical demonstration board 29 and the horizontal demonstration board 30 are mutually perpendicular in space and are doubly fixed by the hot melt adhesive and the triangular iron bracket, so that the overall structure of the demonstration instrument is stable.
By adopting the technical scheme, the integrated teaching demonstration instrument for verifying the relevant laws of high school physics, such as capacitance, inductance, mutual inductance, self-inductance and the like and the use method thereof can integrate a plurality of relevant experiments into one demonstration instrument to be well completed, so that the demonstration operation of a teacher in a classroom is facilitated, the utilization rate of components is improved, and most of the components can be contacted by students, thereby being beneficial to the review and memory of the students in the later period.
To further illustrate the manner in which the demonstration system of the present application may be used, the following physical principles of the demonstration teaching using the system may be used for illustration:
1: verifying that the capacitor is electrified and isolated from direct current; high frequency is passed, and low frequency is blocked;
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, the DC power supply switch 27 and the second branch switch 19 are closed, the DC power supply 28 is adjusted to a proper voltage and then connected into a circuit, then the branch II is connected with the change-over switch 20, the change-over switch 20 is a single-pole three-throw switch,
observing the change condition of the first indicator light 21; the first branch switch 22 is closed again, and the branch (r) is connected to the change-over switch 20 to observe the change of the first indicator light 21.
Experimental phenomena: when the branch circuit II is connected into the circuit, the first indicator light 21 is on; when the branch (r) is connected to the circuit, the first indicator light 21 is off. (in this case, the capacitor can be verified for DC blocking)
Step two: firstly, an alternating current power supply switch 25 is closed, a variable frequency alternating current power supply 26 is switched into a circuit after being adjusted to proper voltage and high frequency, then a second branch switch 19 is closed, a branch is connected with a change-over switch 20, and the change condition of a first indicator light 21 is observed; then the first branch switch 22 is closed, the branch (i) is connected with the change-over switch 20, and the change condition of the first indicator light 21 is observed; the branch circuit is kept connected to the circuit, the voltage of the variable-frequency alternating-current power supply 26 is kept unchanged, the frequency of the variable-frequency alternating-current power supply is gradually reduced from high to low, and then the change condition of the first indicator light 21 is observed.
Experimental phenomena: when the branch circuit II is connected into the circuit, the first indicator light 21 is on; when the branch circuit (i) is connected into the circuit, the first indicator light 21 is still on; however, as the frequency of the variable frequency ac power supply 26 is gradually reduced, the bulb gradually darkens until it is not lit. (in this case, the capacitor can be verified to be AC-conducting, high-frequency-conducting and low-frequency-resisting)
2: verifying that the inductance coil is electrified with direct current and resists alternating current; low-pass frequency and high-stop frequency;
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, a direct current power supply switch 27 is closed, a direct current power supply 28 is switched into a circuit after being regulated to be proper voltage, then a branch circuit II is connected with a change-over switch 20, and the change condition of a first indicator light 21 is observed; then the short-circuit switch 14 is closed, the branch circuit is connected with the second single-pole three-throw switch 12, the branch circuit is connected with the change-over switch 20, and the change condition of the first indicator light 21 is observed.
The second experimental phenomenon: when the branch circuit II is connected into the circuit, the first indicator light 21 is on; when the branch circuit is connected to the circuit, the first indicator light 21 is still on. (in this case, the inductance coil can be verified by direct current)
The method comprises the following steps: firstly, an alternating current power supply switch 25 is closed, a variable frequency alternating current power supply 26 is switched into a circuit after being adjusted to proper voltage and high frequency, then a second branch switch 19 is closed, a branch is connected with a change-over switch 20, and the change condition of a first indicator light 21 is observed; then the short-circuit switch 14 is closed, the branch circuit (V) is connected with the second single-pole three-throw switch 12, the branch circuit (II) is connected with the change-over switch 20, and the change condition of the first indicator light 21 is observed; the branch circuits are connected with the circuit, the voltage of the variable frequency alternating current power supply 26 is kept unchanged, the frequency of the variable frequency alternating current power supply is gradually adjusted from high to low, and then the change condition of the first indicator light 21 is observed.
Experimental phenomena: when the branch circuit II is connected into the circuit, the first indicator light 21 is on; when the branch circuit is connected to the circuit, the first indicator light 21 is still on. However, as the frequency of the variable frequency ac power supply 26 is gradually reduced, the bulb gradually darkens until it is not lit. (in this case, the inductance coil can be verified to be AC-resistant, low-frequency-resistant, high-frequency-resistant)
3: verifying mutual induction phenomenon
The method comprises the following steps: the ordinary switch 2 is closed, the direct current power supply switch 27 is closed again, the direct current power supply 28 is switched to be low voltage and then is connected into the circuit, the branch circuit is connected with the second single-pole three-throw switch 12, the branch circuit is connected with the change-over switch 20, then the direct current power supply 28 is quickly switched to be high voltage from low voltage, the high voltage is switched to be low voltage for multiple operations, and the change condition of a group of light emitting diodes 1 which are connected in parallel and have different colors is carefully observed.
Experimental phenomena: in the process of continuously adjusting the voltage, two diodes in a group of light emitting diodes 1 which are connected in parallel and have different colors continuously flash. (mutual induction phenomenon can be verified at this time)
4: verifying self-induction phenomena
The method comprises the following steps: first, the branch circuit (v) is connected to the second single-pole-three-throw switch (12), and then the branch circuit (c) is connected to the change-over switch (20). Then the resistance value of the variable resistor 17 is adjusted to 0, and then the direct current power supply switch 27 is closed, and the direct current power supply 28 is adjusted to a proper voltage and then connected into the circuit. After the circuit is stabilized, the dc power switch 27 is turned off, and the lighting conditions of the second indicator light 13, the third indicator light 18 and the group of diodes 5 which are connected in parallel and have different colors are carefully observed.
Experimental phenomena: the third indicator light 18 is turned off immediately after being suddenly turned on, the small bulb is slowly turned off, the diode group 5 which is connected in parallel and has different colors is turned off at the moment of power failure, the diode which is turned on before is turned off, and the other diode is turned on (at the moment, the self-induction phenomenon can be verified, and simultaneously, the reason of the self-induction phenomenon, namely the generation of reverse induction current, can be well explained to students)
5: simply explore relevant factors influencing self-inductance coefficient of inductance coil
The method comprises the steps of closing a DC power supply switch 27, adjusting a DC power supply 28 to a proper voltage, connecting a circuit, connecting a branch ③ with a change-over switch 20, connecting branch ④, branch ⑤ and branch ⑥ with a second single-pole triple-throw switch 12, observing and recording data transmitted to a data processor 31 from a current sensor I14 and a voltage sensor 15, and using a computer to calculate the data according to a formulaComparing the respective inductance coefficients
Experimental phenomena: when other conditions are the same, the larger the number of turns, the larger the coil area of the inductance coil, and the larger the self-inductance coefficient thereof.
It is clear that the specific implementation of the invention is not restricted to the above-described embodiments, but that various insubstantial modifications of the inventive process concept and technical solutions are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a high school physics electromagnetism teaching demonstration system which characterized in that: the demonstration circuit comprises a power circuit, a first branch circuit and a second branch circuit, the power circuit comprises a direct current power supply branch circuit and an alternating current power supply branch circuit, the direct current power supply branch circuit and the alternating current power supply branch circuit are connected in parallel and then respectively lead out two power supply output ends, one power supply output end is connected with a first indicator lamp, the first indicator lamp is connected with a change-over switch in series, the other power supply output end is respectively connected with the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit, and the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit are both connected with the change-over switch; the first branch circuit comprises a first branch switch and a variable capacitor which are connected in series; the second branch comprises a second branch switch; the direct current power supply branch comprises a direct current power supply switch and a direct current power supply which are mutually connected in series; the alternating current power supply branch comprises an alternating current power supply switch and a variable frequency alternating current power supply which are connected in series.
2. The high school physics and electromagnetism teaching demonstration system of claim 1 wherein: the system also comprises a third branch, a fourth branch, a fifth branch and a sixth branch, wherein one end of the third branch is connected with a change-over switch, the other end of the third branch is connected with a power supply output end, and the change-over switch is a single-pole triple-throw switch and is used for switching the first branch, the second branch and the third branch to be connected; one ends of the fourth branch, the fifth branch and the sixth branch are connected together and then connected with one end of a diode group, the other end of the diode group is connected with one end of the third branch, the other ends of the fourth branch, the fifth branch and the sixth branch are connected with a second indicator lamp through a second single-pole triple-throw switch, the second indicator lamp is connected with the other end of the third branch, and two ends of the second indicator lamp are provided with a short-circuit switch in parallel; the third branch circuit comprises a third branch switch, a variable resistor and a third indicator light which are connected in series; the fourth branch circuit comprises a fourth branch circuit switch and a fourth branch circuit inductance coil which are mutually connected in series; the fifth branch circuit comprises a fifth branch circuit switch and a fifth branch circuit inductance coil which are mutually connected in series; the sixth branch circuit comprises a fourth branch circuit switch and a fourth branch circuit inductance coil which are mutually connected in series; the diode group comprises two light-emitting diodes with different colors, and the positive and negative electrodes of the two light-emitting diodes are connected with each other and lead out a connection wire from the connection position of the positive and negative electrodes as two output ends.
3. A high school physics electromagnetic teaching demonstration system according to claim 2 wherein: the system further comprises a mutual inductance verification circuit, wherein the mutual inductance verification circuit comprises a mutual inductance verification switch, a mutual inductance coil and two light emitting diodes with different colors, the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes of the two light emitting diodes are connected with each other, and a connection wire is led out from the connection position of the positive electrode and the negative electrode to serve as two output ends, wherein one output end is connected with the other output end after sequentially passing through the mutual inductance coil and the mutual inductance verification switch.
4. A high school physics and electromagnetism teaching demonstration system according to any one of claims 1-3 wherein: the supporting assembly comprises a horizontal supporting plate and a vertical mounting plate, and the vertical mounting plate is fixedly arranged on the horizontal supporting plate; the demonstration circuit is arranged on the horizontal support plate.
5. A high school physics and electromagnetism teaching demonstration system according to any one of claims 1-3 wherein: the demonstration circuit further comprises a data processor, a voltage sensor and a current sensor, wherein the voltage sensor is connected to two ends of the third branch in parallel, the current sensor is arranged between the third branch and the diode group in series, output ends of the current sensor and the voltage sensor are connected with the data processor, and the data processor is connected with the display or the data processor is connected with the computer.
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