CN211019913U - Ditching and fertilizing combined machine for fruit trees - Google Patents

Abstract

A fruit tree ditching and fertilizing combined machine belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. Comprises a frame, a main rotary cultivator, a ditching device, a fixed-point fertilizing device, a transmission device and an intermediate gearbox connected with a power shaft of a tractor; the rack is of a frame structure, and a mounting frame is arranged in the frame along the traveling direction; the middle gearbox is installed on the mounting bracket of frame, and the both sides that are close to the front end mounting bracket of marcing set up ditching device and main rotary cultivator respectively, set up fixed point fertilizer injection unit in ditching device work rear end, and middle gearbox passes through transmission and connects the ditching device rotation axis respectively, the transmission case I and the fixed point fertilizer injection unit of main rotary cultivator, accomplishes the green manure and ruderal operation of turning over between the orchard line through main rotary cultivator, through ditching device, the cooperation of fixed point fertilizer injection unit is accomplished the fruit tree and is fertilizied. The utility model discloses can fertilize at present fixed point, solve the inconvenient shortcoming of operation in the intertillage weeding fertilizer distributor orchard, compact structure, the operation of being convenient for.

Description

Ditching and fertilizing combined machine for fruit trees

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a fruit tree ditching and fertilizing combined machine which can simultaneously realize weeding among rows of an orchard and fertilizing at fixed points of fruit trees, and realize the automatic obstacle avoidance and fixed point fertilizing functions of the machine.

Background

In the growth process of fruit trees, weeding and fertilizing are important field management operations in orchards, and diseases, insects and weeds can be prevented through weeding and fertilizing. The scientific and effective control of the weeds and the fertilization is one of the key technologies for ensuring the healthy growth of fruit trees and realizing the high yield and high quality of fruits. At present, the research and development of orchard mechanical weeding and fertilizing machines in China are relatively late, and improvement and optimization are mainly carried out according to the specific conditions of China by introducing foreign ditching and fertilizing machines. Most of the existing machinery for intertillage weeding and fertilizer application in the orchard is operated independently, and various operations cannot be realized simultaneously. At present, most orchard weeding machines in China cannot realize automatic obstacle avoidance, cannot realize target fertilization, cannot simultaneously realize various operations on various operation machines, and has low annual utilization rate and the like, so that the development of orchard mechanization is restricted.

Through the research on related machines such as ditching and fertilizing machines, weeding machines and the like for domestic orchards, the existing ditching machines are various in types, but the complex machines which are convenient to operate, diversified in operation and high in orchard adaptability are few. At present, the weeding machine between rows of orchard and field crops is mainly realized by a rotary cultivator, a stubble cleaner, a crusher and other mechanical devices. For example, a KYDS-200 type rotary cultivator can dig soil between rows in an orchard, grass and soil are cut and mixed through a rotary cultivator cutter, the turning and pressing effects on green manure and weeds are good, but no obstacle avoidance device is needed, a certain distance needs to be ensured between the rotary cultivator and a tree during weeding, and weeds in the horizontal distance between the rotary cultivator and the fruit tree and weeds in the vertical distance between the rotary cultivator and each tree in the same row cannot be removed; for example, a 3ZS-2 type intertillage weeding machine developed by the research institute of agricultural mechanical engineering science in Heilongjiang province adopts a vertical double-disc weeding structure, mainly aims at weeding among rows of crops, and ensures that seedlings are not damaged through a fixed gap reserved between a weeding part and the crops without an obstacle avoidance device, so that weeds among the gaps cannot be removed and the technical requirement on a driver is higher; therefore, for inter-row weeding and green manure turning and pressing of fruit trees, the weeding and green manure turning and burying needs to be achieved, and the flatness of the ground surface after ploughing needs to be ensured so as to meet the agronomic requirements of intertillage weeding and green manure turning and pressing. Meanwhile, the process cannot cause substantial damage to fruit trees. Therefore, new mechanical structures need to be developed.

Through the research on the domestic orchard fertilizer applicator, the existing fertilizer applicators are various in types, but the fertilizing depth meets the requirements, and machines with strong adaptability are few. A ditching and fertilizing machine is designed in Abuzi Pasti and the like. The machine adopts a rotary blade arranged on a ditching disc to ditch, and a fertilizer discharging mechanism adopts an outer sheave type fertilizer discharger and provides power for a fertilizer discharging device through a land wheel. But the power of the fertilizing box is uncontrollable and unstable; a certain company in dense city develops a 2F-30 type self-propelled multifunctional ditching and fertilizing machine which is mainly used for orchard ditching and fertilizing machines, the machine adopts a crawler type and is high in adaptability, a ditching disc is adopted, the ditching depth is as high as 30cm, and fixed-point fertilization cannot be realized. For fertilization, the orchard fertilizer applicator must achieve a proper fertilizing amount, the ditching depth meets the requirement, and the fertilizer can be completely covered. And the existing row ditching fertilizer applicator for the orchard is generally a single type operation machine, and has low efficiency and low annual utilization rate.

The existing orchard intertillage weeding fertilizer applicator has the following defects in principle and structure:

(1) the combined operation of grass chopping, pressure turning and fertilization cannot be realized simultaneously, and the single operation is generally adopted, so that the operation efficiency is lower.

(2) Generally, only one operation can be completed, and the annual utilization rate is low;

(3) automatic obstacle avoidance for obstacles such as fruit trees cannot be realized, and the operation may affect the trunks of the fruit trees;

(4) for the fertilization operation, fixed-point and target fertilization can not be realized, the fertilization precision is not high, the fertilizer absorption effect of fruit trees is not good, not only is the fertilizer wasted when the fruit trees are fertilized, but also the problems of soil hardening degradation, environmental pollution and the like caused by the fertilizer which is applied to orchard soil in large quantity are solved.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a fruit tree ditching and fertilizing combined machine. On the basis of a double-disc furrow opener, fixed-point fertilization can be realized, and the defect of inconvenient operation in an orchard of an intertillage weeding fertilizer applicator is overcome.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention relates to a fruit tree ditching and fertilizing combined machine which comprises a rack, a main rotary cultivator, a ditching device, a fixed-point fertilizing device, a transmission device and an intermediate gearbox connected with a power shaft of a tractor, wherein the rack is provided with a main rotary cultivator body; the rack is of a frame structure, and a mounting frame is arranged in the frame along the traveling direction; the middle gearbox is installed on the mounting bracket of frame, and the both sides that are close to the front end mounting bracket of marcing set up ditching device and main rotary cultivator respectively, set up fixed point fertilizer injection unit in ditching device work rear end, and middle gearbox passes through transmission and connects the ditching device rotation axis respectively, the transmission case I and the fixed point fertilizer injection unit of main rotary cultivator, accomplishes the green manure and ruderal operation of turning over between the orchard line through main rotary cultivator, through ditching device, the cooperation of fixed point fertilizer injection unit is accomplished the fruit tree and is fertilizied.

Preferably, the fixed point fertilizer injection unit includes clutch, fertilization case, fertilization control switch, machinery feeler lever sensor and singlechip, the ditching disc work rear end of ditching device is arranged in to the row fertilizer pipeline of fertilization case, sets up the fertilization control switch who is connected with the singlechip on it, and the fertile auger of row in the fertilization case is connected clutch one end, and the clutch other end passes through drive mechanism II and connects the output shaft of middle gearbox, machinery feeler lever sensor sets up in the direction of travel right side of frame, and its signal line connection singlechip is according to the signal of machinery feeler lever sensor transmission, through opening and closing of singlechip control fertilization control switch, realizes the fixed point of fruit tree and fertilizes.

Preferably, the clutch comprises a clutch shell, a transmission shaft, a shifting fork, a movable connector, a push rod, a transmission friction plate, a clutch linkage rod, a telescopic device and an end cover, wherein a belt pulley of a transmission mechanism II is installed at one end of the transmission shaft, the other end of the transmission shaft extends into the clutch shell, the movable connector is sleeved on the transmission shaft and rotates along with the transmission shaft, a cavity is formed in the clutch shell corresponding to the movable connector, the transmission friction plate is sleeved at the end of a rotating shaft of the auger and extends into the clutch shell, a groove matched and connected with the movable connector is formed in the end of the transmission friction plate, a boss matched with the groove is formed in the end of the movable connector, the transmission friction plate and the groove rotate simultaneously when the transmission shaft and the auger are connected, an annular groove matched with the shifting fork is formed in the periphery of; one end of the shifting fork is connected with one end of a push rod extending into the cavity of the clutch shell, and the other end of the shifting fork is arranged in the annular groove; the other end of the push rod is connected with a telescopic device arranged on the rack through a clutch linkage rod, the clutch linkage rod is driven through the telescopic device, and then the push rod is driven to drive the shifting fork to move horizontally, and the movable connector is driven to be connected with or separated from the transmission friction plate.

Preferably, the rear working end of the main rotary cultivator is also provided with an obstacle avoidance device, the obstacle avoidance device comprises an auxiliary rotary cultivator, a transmission case II, a telescopic mechanism, the mechanical feeler lever sensor, the single chip microcomputer and a reversing valve, the auxiliary rotary cultivator is connected to the rack through the telescopic mechanism and extends or retracts along the rack, the mechanical feeler lever sensor is connected to the extending side of the auxiliary rotary cultivator on the rack through the reversing valve, and the reversing valve is connected with a driving part of the telescopic mechanism; the input shaft end of the transmission case II is connected with the power output end of the transmission case I through a transmission connecting shaft, the output shaft of the transmission case II is connected with the rotary tillage shaft of the auxiliary rotary cultivator, the obstacle signal is transmitted through the mechanical feeler lever sensor, the reversing of the reversing valve is controlled through the single chip microcomputer, the reversing of the driving part of the telescopic mechanism is controlled, the auxiliary rotary cultivator is driven to retract or extend out, the rotary tillage work of the auxiliary rotary cultivator is driven through the transmission case II, and weeds between two adjacent fruit plants in the same row are eradicated.

Preferably, the telescopic mechanism comprises a driving part and a sliding rail part, the rack and the top of the mounting rack of the auxiliary rotary cultivator are provided with mutually matched sliding rails, the driving part is two hydraulic cylinders which are arranged in parallel, the ends of the cylinders are fixed on the mounting rack of the rack, the piston end is connected to one side of the auxiliary rotary cultivator, and the auxiliary rotary cultivator is driven to slide along the sliding rails through the extension and contraction of the hydraulic cylinders.

Preferably, frame bilateral symmetry sets up profile modeling elevating system that floats, including land wheel, fixed connector and two telescopic link, fixed connector connects in the frame, and it passes through telescopic link with land wheel, land wheel respectively and is connected, two telescopic link becomes 90 degrees settings, and its one end all articulates in fixed connector's pivot, and the other end is fixed respectively on land wheel or land wheel

Preferably, the telescopic connecting rod is composed of a sleeve and a sleeve rod sleeved in the sleeve, the end of the sleeve is provided with a shaft hole for connecting and fixing the connecting piece, the end of the sleeve rod is an installation rod and is fixed on a large land wheel or a small land wheel through the installation rod, and a shock-absorbing spring is sleeved on the sleeve rod between the sleeve and the installation rod, so that the shock-absorbing spring can freely stretch out and draw back on the sleeve rod.

Preferably, the ditching device is formed by arranging a plurality of ditching disks on a rotating shaft of the ditching device at intervals, the ditching disks are provided with a plurality of ditching knives, one ends of the ditching knives are all installed on the ditching disks through pre-tightening spring devices, the other ends of the ditching knives extend out of the ditching disks and are arranged in the same direction of the ditching disks, and when hard obstacles are met, the ditching knives slip to cross the obstacles through the pre-tightening spring devices.

Preferably, the pre-tightening spring device comprises a complete gear, an incomplete gear, a torsion spring I and a torsion spring II, the torsion spring I is arranged between the complete gear and the ditching disc, the torsion spring II is arranged between the incomplete gear and the ditching disc, the two torsion springs are mounted in the same mode, one end of each torsion spring is mounted on the complete gear shaft or the incomplete gear shaft, the other end of each torsion spring is mounted at the upper end of the mounting groove of the ditching cutter gear, pre-tightening force is provided for the complete gear and the incomplete gear, and the complete gear and the incomplete gear are meshed with each other in a toothed.

Preferably, the incomplete gear comprises an incomplete gear tooth section, an incomplete gear toothless section and an incomplete gear unmachined section which are connected along the circumference, the circular arc of the incomplete gear unmachined section is a partial addendum circle, the circular arc of the incomplete gear toothless section is a partial dedendum circle, and a blocking e tooth is formed at the joint of the incomplete gear unmachined section and the incomplete gear toothless section to prevent the incomplete gear from clockwise rotating to cross an e tooth point.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention relates to an orchard green manure turning-fruit tree ditching and fertilizing combined machine, wherein a fixed-point fertilizing device is additionally arranged on a fertilizing mechanism on one side, so that fixed-point fertilization can be realized, and the defect that an intertillage weeding fertilizing machine is inconvenient to operate in an orchard is overcome.

2. The fixed-point fertilizing device disclosed by the invention adopts the synergistic effect of the position sensor and the single chip microcomputer to control the fertilizer control switch to realize the fixed-point, quantitative and target fertilizing functions; when the machine works, the distance information between the machine and the fruit trees and the position information between the fruit trees are obtained through the telescopic touch rod type sensor, the single chip microcomputer controls the opening and closing time of the fertilizer outlet according to the advancing speed of the machine set, namely when the fertilizer outlet is aligned with the fruit trees, the single chip microcomputer controls the fertilizer outlet to open and discharge fertilizer, and accurate target fertilization is achieved. The invention can aim at a large-scale orchard, the distance between a fertilizing position and a tree root is about 0.5m, and the auger of the fertilizing box is driven by the belt wheel to operate, so that the fertilizing operation is stably finished.

3. The auxiliary rotary cultivator is also provided with an obstacle avoidance device, the auxiliary rotary cultivator is arranged, the obstacle avoidance device with a hydraulic reversing valve and a mechanical feeler lever sensor is additionally arranged on the side edge of the frame, the mechanical feeler lever sensor transmits a sensing signal, the reversing valve is controlled by a single chip microcomputer to operate, the direction of a hydraulic loop of the auxiliary rotary cultivator is changed, the auxiliary rotary cultivator is further controlled to extend out and retract back to realize an obstacle avoidance function, and the inter-plant weeder can be effectively prevented from being in contact with fruit trees; in order to ensure the normal obstacle avoidance of the auxiliary rotary cultivator, the double hydraulic cylinders are adopted to ensure the normal operation of the auxiliary rotary cultivator, the structure is compact, and the operation is convenient. The double rotary cultivators are adopted for weeding, the main rotary cultivator is used for removing weeds among rows of fruit trees, the auxiliary rotary cultivator is used for removing weeds among adjacent fruit trees in the same row, automatic obstacle avoidance can be realized, and the weeding effect is good.

4. The mechanical feeler lever sensor has the characteristic of adjustable length, and can be stretched to be lengthened or shortened according to the specific line spacing between the rows of the fruit trees and the size and the position of the fruit trees. The device is at the machine during operation, through with the contact of fruit tree, reachs the positional information of fruit tree and passes to the singlechip with the signal, and the singlechip accomplishes the fixed point fertilization operation according to the meshing and the separation of positional information control clutch, controls the expansion of vice rotary cultivator simultaneously and withdraws, accomplishes the obstacle-avoiding weeding operation of vice rotary cultivator.

5. The ditching device has the function of crossing objects such as larger roots and stones in soil and causing sudden impact force on the ditching cutter during ditching, and can effectively protect the ditching cutter from being damaged during working. The ditching cutter is flexibly installed on the ditching disc through a pair of incomplete gears and two groups of torsion springs, and a certain torsion pretightening force is given to the torsion springs, so that the cutter shaft is ensured not to rotate under the condition of normal ditching operation, and the ditching disc is in a normal state. When the ditching cutter meets large resistance such as large roots and stones in soil during operation, the torque borne by the ditching cutter shaft is larger than the pre-tightening torque of the pre-tightening spring, the cutter shaft can rotate at a certain angle along the installation point, and the ditching cutter can smoothly cross obstacles in the soil without damaging the ditching cutter in the forward operation state of the machine.

6. The invention also provides a profiling floating lifting mechanism at the middle positions of two sides of the frame, the ground wheel is designed into two using gears, and a proper height gear is selected according to the ground condition and the difference of fertilization objects. The ground profiling device is provided with a floating spring, so that the machine can be prevented from vibrating too much during operation.

7. The invention can be operated separately or jointly. The grass chopping and turning operation can be independently carried out between rows of the orchard, the switch of the fertilizing device is turned off at the moment, and only the main rotary cultivator and the auxiliary rotary cultivator finish the inter-row weeding operation; the machine can also only complete the ditching and root cutting operation of the fruit tree, at the moment, the rotary tillage weeding part is lifted, and only the ditching cutter is close to the ditching and root cutting operation of the fruit tree; the machine can also independently complete ditching, fixed-point, quantitative and targeted fertilization operations, and only a ditching and fertilizing part of the machine works at the moment; the machine can also complete the combined operation of crushing, turning over and pressing green manure and grass and fixed-point quantitative fertilization of ditching, namely complete the removal of weeds among fruit trees and rows and ditching and fertilizing the fruit trees while fertilizing. The present invention is one kind of compound machine capable of ditching, breaking root, applying fertilizer, weeding, loosening soil, etc. in orchard alone and together with one machine.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a left side view of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the clutch of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the transmission of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the floatable profiling mechanism with the adjustable height gear.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of a ditching disc of the fertilizing device.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the preloaded spring device of fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the retractable mechanical feeler lever position sensor of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. the hydraulic cylinder I, the auxiliary rotary cultivator, the universal joint 3, the mechanical feeler lever sensor 4, the length adjusting lever 41, the connecting rod 42, the angle adjusting disc 43, the torsion spring III, the signal line 45, the reversing valve 5, the transmission connecting shaft 6, the main rotary cultivator 7, the transmission box I, the transmission box 9, the coupling 10, the transmission mechanism I, the transmission mechanism 11, the packing auger 12, the clutch 121 and the upper cover plate 8; 122. a clutch housing; 123. a push rod; 124. a movable connector; 125. a shifting fork; 126. a drive shaft; 127. a snap ring; 128. a clutch linkage rod; 129. end cover, 1210, expansion piece, 1211, fixed base, 1212, transmission friction plate, 13, plough shovel, 14, main rotary blade, 15, ditching device, 151, ditching disc, 152, ditching blade, 153, installation groove, 154, fixed pin, 155, complete gear, 1551, complete gear teeth, 1552, complete gear torsion spring, 156, incomplete gear, 1561, incomplete gear teeth section, 1562, incomplete gear toothless section, 1563, incomplete gear torsion spring, 1564, incomplete gear unmachined section, 16, plough front knife, 17, transmission mechanism II, 18, soil covering shovel, 19, fertilizer box, 20, intermediate gear box, 21, transmission box II, 22, side plate, 23, frame, 24, installation frame, 25, fertilizer box, 26 wheel, 27, hydraulic cylinder II, 28, frame rear wing, 29, fertilizer pipe, 30, single chip microcomputer, 31, profile modeling floating lifting mechanism, 311, land wheel, 312. a loop bar 313, a fixed connection device 314, a sleeve 315, a suspension spring 316, a mounting bar 317, a small ground wheel.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.

Example (b): as shown in fig. 1-3, the invention comprises a combined machine for green manure turning and pressing in an orchard and fruit tree ditching and fertilizing, which comprises a frame 23, a main rotary cultivator 7, a ditching device 15, a fixed-point fertilizing device, a transmission device and an intermediate gearbox 20 connected with a power shaft of a tractor; the frame 23 is of a frame structure, and a mounting frame 24 is arranged in the frame along the traveling direction; the intermediate gearbox 20 is mounted on a mounting frame 24 of the frame 23, and the ditching devices 15 and the main rotary cultivator 7 are respectively arranged on two sides of the mounting frame 24 close to the advancing front end, namely: one side is connected with the main rotary cultivator 7, the other side is connected with the ditching device 15 through the transmission mechanism I10, the fertilizing part of the fixed-point fertilizing device is arranged at the working rear end of the ditching device 15, the intermediate gearbox 20 is respectively connected with the rotating shaft of the ditching device 15, the transmission case I8 of the main rotary cultivator 7 and the clutch 12 of the fixed-point fertilizing device through the transmission device, the fruit tree fertilization is completed through the cooperation of the ditching device 15 and the fixed-point fertilizing device, and the inter-row weeding operation is completed through the main rotary cultivator 7.

In this embodiment, a plow blade 13 is provided on the frame below the position corresponding to the intermediate gearbox 20 for removing the weeds on the ground corresponding to the part of the main rotary cultivator 7 where the rotary cultivator blade is not installed, because the main rotary cultivator 7 corresponding to the position where the intermediate gearbox 20 is installed cannot be installed with the rotary cultivator blade.

In this embodiment, a soil covering device 18 is further provided on the frame at the rear end of the fertilizer discharging pipe 29 for covering soil in the fertilizer groove after fertilizer application.

As shown in fig. 5, the transmission device comprises a transmission mechanism i 10, a transmission mechanism ii 17 and a transmission connecting shaft 6, the intermediate gearbox 20 is provided with two output shafts, one end output shaft of the intermediate gearbox 20 is connected with a rotating shaft of the ditching device 15 through the transmission mechanism i 10, and drives a ditching disc 151 of the ditching device 15 to rotate, so as to complete ditching operation; the other end output shaft of the intermediate gearbox 20 is connected with the clutch 12 through a transmission mechanism II 17, and the packing auger 11 of the fertilizing box is driven to rotate through the clutch 12 to carry out fixed-point fertilization.

The transmission mechanism I10 is a chain wheel transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism II 17 is a belt wheel transmission mechanism.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the fixed point fertilizer applicator includes a clutch 12, a fertilizer applying box 25, a fertilizer applying control switch, a mechanical feeler lever sensor 4 and a single chip microcomputer 30, a fertilizer discharging pipeline 29 of the fertilizer applying box 25 is arranged at the working rear end of a ditching disc 151 of the ditching device 15, a fertilizer applying control switch connected with the single chip microcomputer 30 is arranged on the fertilizer applying pipeline, a fertilizer discharging auger 11 in the fertilizer applying box 25 is connected with one end of the clutch 12, the other end of the clutch 12 is connected with an output shaft of a middle gearbox 20 through a transmission mechanism II 17, the mechanical feeler lever sensor 4 is arranged at the right side of the advancing direction of the frame 23, a signal line 45 of the mechanical feeler lever sensor is connected with the single chip microcomputer 30, and the fertilizer applying control switch is controlled to be opened and closed by the single. The single chip microcomputer 30 adopted in the embodiment is a purchased part and adopts an AT89C5 type single chip microcomputer.

As shown in fig. 5, the clutch 12 includes a clutch housing 122, a transmission shaft 126, a shift fork 125, a movable connector 124, a push rod 123, a transmission friction plate 1212, a clutch linkage rod 128, a retractor 1210 and an end cover 129, wherein a pulley of a transmission mechanism ii 17 is mounted at one end of the transmission shaft 126, and is connected to an output shaft of the intermediate transmission case 20 through a belt transmission, and the intermediate transmission case 20 provides a rotational power; the other end of the transmission shaft 126 extends into the clutch shell 122, the movable connector 124 is sleeved on the transmission shaft 126 and rotates along with the transmission shaft 126, a cavity is formed in the clutch shell 122 corresponding to the movable connector 124, a transmission friction plate 1212 is sleeved at the rotating shaft end of the auger 11 and extends into the clutch shell 122, a groove matched and connected with the movable connector 124 is formed in the end part of the transmission friction plate 1212, a boss matched with the groove is formed in the end part of the movable connector 124, the boss and the boss rotate simultaneously when the boss and the movable connector are connected, an annular groove matched with the shifting fork 125 is formed in the periphery of the movable connector 124, and an inner hole of the movable connector 124 is matched and fixedly connected with the installation section of the transmission; one end of the shifting fork 125 is connected to one end of a push rod 123 extending into the cavity of the clutch housing 122, and the other end is arranged in the annular groove; the other end of the push rod 123 is connected with a telescopic device 1210 which is arranged on the frame 23 through a fixing seat 1211 through a clutch linkage rod 128, the telescopic device 1210 is connected with the single-chip microcomputer controller 30, the telescopic device 1210 is controlled to move through the single-chip microcomputer controller 30, the clutch linkage rod 128 is driven to translate left and right, and the clutch linkage rod 128 can drive the push rod 123 to move along the direction parallel to the axis of the transmission shaft 126. When the push rod 123 is pushed to move towards the end direction of a transmission shaft of the packing auger 11, the shifting fork 125 pulls the movable connector 124 to be tightly pressed with a transmission friction plate 1212 on the packing auger 11 side, and the clutch 12 is in a working state, namely is in a connection state with the transmission shaft of the packing auger 11, and the packing auger 11 starts to rotate through the friction force between the movable connector 124 and the transmission friction plate 1212 of the clutch; when the push rod 123 is pushed to move towards the end cover 129, the push rod 123 pulls the connector 124 towards the end cover 129, at the moment, the movable connector 124 is separated from the transmission friction plate 1212, the clutch is in a non-working state, and the transmission of the clutch 12 and the packing auger 11 is stopped. The expansion piece 1210 is connected with the single chip microcomputer 30, the expansion action of the expansion piece 30 is controlled by the single chip microcomputer 30, and the expansion piece is connected with and separated from a transmission friction plate 1212 of the clutch through the movable connector 124 to control the rotation of the rotating shaft of the packing auger 11. The telescopic device 1210 is a hydraulic cylinder in this example and is driven by the single chip microcomputer 30.

In the working process, the auger 11 drives the clutch 12 to work through the intermediate gearbox 20 and the transmission mechanism II 17, the clutch 12 is controlled to be connected with and clutched with a rotating shaft of the auger 11 by the single chip microcomputer 30, the rotation of the auger 11 is controlled, fertilizer is discharged into the fertilizing pipeline 29, the fertilizing pipeline 29 is positioned behind the ditching cutter 152 of the ditching device 15, a fertilizing control switch is arranged in the fertilizing pipeline 29, a signal line for controlling the fertilizing control switch is connected with the single chip microcomputer 30, the fertilizing control switch is an electric switch and is transmitted to the single chip microcomputer 30 according to fruit tree position information transmitted by the mechanical feeler lever type sensor 4, the single chip microcomputer 30 converts the information into time information for turning on and off the fertilizing control switch according to the advancing speed of the tractor, and the single chip microcomputer controller 30 controls the fertilizing control switch to be turned on for targeted fertilization when a fertilizer discharging port of.

As shown in fig. 4 and 9, the working rear end of the main rotary cultivator 7 is further provided with an obstacle avoidance device, the obstacle avoidance device comprises an auxiliary rotary cultivator 2, a transmission case ii 21, a telescopic mechanism, the mechanical feeler lever sensor 4, the single chip microcomputer 30 and a reversing valve 5, the auxiliary rotary cultivator 2 is connected to the frame 23 through the telescopic mechanism, is close to the working rear end, extends or retracts along the frame 23, the mechanical feeler lever sensor 4 is connected to the extending side of the auxiliary rotary cultivator 2 on the frame through the reversing valve, the signal output end of the reversing valve 5 is connected to the driving part of the telescopic mechanism, the signal input end of the reversing valve 5 is connected to the single chip microcomputer 30, and the reversing signal of the reversing valve is controlled by the single chip; the input shaft end of the transmission case II 21 is connected with the power output end of the transmission case I8 through the transmission connecting shaft 6, the output shaft of the transmission case II 21 is connected with the rotary tillage shaft of the auxiliary rotary cultivator 2, the single chip microcomputer 30 is respectively connected with the mechanical feeler lever sensor 4 and the reversing valve, the obstacle signal is transmitted to the single chip microcomputer 30 through the mechanical feeler lever sensor 4, the reversing valve 5 is controlled to reverse through the single chip microcomputer 30, the reversing of the driving part of the telescopic mechanism is controlled by the reversing valve, the auxiliary rotary cultivator 2 is driven to retract or extend, the rotary tillage work of the auxiliary rotary cultivator 2 is driven through the transmission case II 21, and the rotary tillage.

Telescopic machanism includes drive division and slide rail portion, sets up the slide rail of mutually supporting with the top of the 2 mounting brackets of vice rotary cultivator in frame 23, and the drive division is two pneumatic cylinders I1 that set up side by side, and its cylinder end is fixed on the mounting bracket 24 of frame 23, and the piston end is connected in 2 one sides of vice rotary cultivator, and it slides along the slide rail to stretch out and draw back drive vice rotary cultivator 2 through pneumatic cylinder I1.

As shown in fig. 9, the mechanical feeler lever sensor 4 is a retractable sensor, and the mechanical feeler lever sensor 4 can adjust the length in the horizontal direction by the length adjustment lever 41 and can adjust the angle by the connecting lever 42. Including length adjustment pole 41, connecting rod 42, angle adjustment dish 43, torsion spring 44, signal line 45 one end is connected on angle adjustment dish 43, and singlechip controller 30 is connected to the other end, accomplishes signal reception and transmission with singlechip controller 30 through signal line 45, and length adjustment pole 41 is connected to connecting rod 42 one end, and one end is installed on angle adjustment dish 43 through the round pin axle. Namely: the through hole at the tail end of the connecting rod 42 is aligned with the central hole of the angle adjusting disc 43 and is fixedly connected through a pin shaft, so that the connecting rod 42 can only rotate along the angle adjusting disc 43. Still be connected with torsion spring III 46 between connecting rod 42 and angle adjustment dish 43, torsion spring III 46 one end is fixed with connecting rod 42, and the other end is fixed with angle adjustment dish 43, and the effect that causes connecting rod 42 to receive the tree when length adjustment pole 41 contacts with the tree is certain angle rotation, and torsion spring III 46 just can produce a torsional moment, finishes when tree and length adjustment pole 41 effect, and connecting rod 42 just can resume the original position under torsion moment effect of torsion spring III 46. The singlechip controller 30 obtains the specific position information of the tree through the information such as the contact length and the rotation angle of the adjusting rod 41 with the tree, the advancing speed of the unit and the like detected by the mechanical feeler lever sensor 4, and the singlechip 30 finishes the operation of obstacle avoidance weeding and target fertilization according to the transmitted information.

As shown in fig. 3 and 6, the middle positions of the two sides of the frame 23 are further provided with profile modeling floating lifting mechanisms 31 which are positioned behind the main rotary cultivator 7 and can bear most of the weight of the machine, reduce the traction resistance of the machine set and facilitate the turning and traction advancing of the machine set. The profile modeling floating lifting mechanism 31 comprises a large land wheel 311, a small land wheel 317, a fixed connecting piece 131 and two telescopic connecting rods, wherein the fixed connecting piece 313 is connected to the rack 23 and is respectively connected with the large land wheel 311 and the small land wheel 317 through the telescopic connecting rods, the two telescopic connecting rods are arranged at 90 degrees, one end of each telescopic connecting rod is hinged to a rotating shaft of the fixed connecting piece 131, and the other end of each telescopic connecting rod is respectively fixed on the large land wheel 311 or the small land wheel 317; the telescopic connecting rod is composed of a sleeve 314 and a sleeve rod 312 sleeved in the sleeve 314, the end of the sleeve 314 is provided with a shaft hole connected with a fixed connecting piece 313, the end of the sleeve rod 312 is provided with an installation rod 316 and is fixed on a ground wheel 311 or a small ground wheel 317 through the installation rod 316, and a shock absorbing spring 315 is sleeved on the sleeve rod 312 between the sleeve 314 and the installation rod 316, so that the shock absorbing spring 315 can freely extend and retract on the sleeve rod 312. According to the ground condition, when the sand blocks in the ground soil are small and flat, the small ground wheels 317 are adjusted to contact the ground to carry out rotary tillage operation; when the sand block in the ground soil is large, the land wheels 311 are adjusted to contact the ground to carry out rotary tillage operation; when the rotary cultivator works, the large land wheel 311 or the small land wheel 317 walks on the ground, ground profiling is carried out through the telescopic connecting rod, and the main rotary cultivator 7 and/or the auxiliary rotary cultivator 2 carry out rotary cultivation in soil. The profile modeling floating lifting mechanism 31 can drive the main rotary cultivator 7 and/or the auxiliary rotary cultivator 2 to be selected according to two different heights which can be adjusted on the ground according to the ground state condition and different fertilizing and weeding objects, and the auxiliary rotary cultivator 2 can ensure that the auxiliary rotary cultivator can not damage the main rotary cultivator and the auxiliary rotary cultivator on the premise of ensuring weeding and not damaging fruit trees when retracting, and can reduce the vibration of the machine set.

In this embodiment, the front coulter 16 is further disposed at the front end of the furrowing device 15 for cutting off the root system and the weed root system in front of the furrowing knife 152 of the furrowing device 15 to prevent the root system and the weed root system from being wound around the furrowing knife 152.

As shown in fig. 1-4, 7 and 8, the ditching device 15 is provided with a plurality of ditching discs 152 at intervals on the rotating shaft thereof, the ditching discs 152 are flexible ditching discs with ditching knives controlled by pre-tightening spring devices, namely, a plurality of ditching knives 152 are arranged along the ditching discs 15, one ends of the ditching knives 152 are all arranged on the ditching discs 152 through the pre-tightening spring devices, and the other ends of the ditching knives extend out of the ditching discs 152 and extend along the ditching discs 152The discs 152 are arranged in the same direction, specifically, the mounting ends of the trenching cutters 152 are fixedly mounted on the full gear 1551 through the fixing pins 154, so that the trenching cutters 152 can rotate along with the full gear 1551 only under the special condition that hard obstacles are met, and the hard objects are slipped and crossed when the hard objects are met, as shown in fig. 7. The ditching disc 151 is provided with a mounting groove 153, the pre-tightening spring device is arranged in the mounting groove 153 and comprises a complete gear 1551, an incomplete gear 1561, a torsion spring I1552 and a torsion spring II 1563, the torsion spring I1552 is arranged between the complete gear 1551 and the ditching disc 151, the torsion spring II 1563 is arranged between the incomplete gear 1553 and the ditching disc 151, and the pre-tightening torques of the torsion spring I1552 and the torsion spring II 1563 are M respectively₁And M₂The two torsion springs are installed in the same manner, with one end installed on the complete gear shaft or the incomplete gear shaft and the other end installed at the upper end of the trenching knife gear installation groove 153.

As shown in fig. 8, the central angle corresponding to the arc section of the gear tooth section 1561 of the incomplete gear in this embodiment is 80-100 degrees, this embodiment is provided with 3 teeth, which are a, b, and c teeth, respectively, the tooth end a is connected to the tooth-free section 1562 of the incomplete gear, the end of the gear tooth section 1561 of the incomplete gear is a point d, which is also the intersection point with the unprocessed section 1564 of the incomplete gear, the arc of the unprocessed section 1564 of the incomplete gear is a partial addendum circle, the central angle corresponding to the arc section is 140 degrees, the arc of the toothless section 1562 of the incomplete gear is a dedendum circle, the two are respectively disposed on both sides of the gear tooth section 1561 of the incomplete gear and connected to form a stop e tooth, and the e tooth functions to prevent the incomplete gear 156 from clockwise; the full gear 155 meshes with the toothed segment of the partial gear 156.

When the ditching device 15 does not work, the two pre-tightening torques are M₁And M₂The c-tooth of the incomplete gear 156 is engaged with the corresponding tooth of the engagement portion of the complete gear 155 by the torsion spring of (1), and the engagement portion of the complete gear 155 stays on the c-tooth of the incomplete gear 1553 since the incomplete gear unprocessed section 1564 is between the d-tooth and the e-tooth.

Under the normal working state of the ditching device 15, the complete gear 155 and the incomplete gear 156 have the pre-tightening force of the torsion spring, and ditching is carried outThe ditching resistance of the knife 152 cannot overcome the pre-tightening force, so the complete gear 155 and the incomplete gear 156 do not rotate; the trenching blade 152 rotates counterclockwise with the trenching disk 151 and cannot rotate clockwise because the engaging portion of the full gear 155 is engaged with the c-tooth of the incomplete gear 156, and both gears are locked and do not rotate. When the ditching disc works, the soil can not be normally cut when the ditching disc meets hard objects such as thick roots or stones in the soil, and the applied torque is suddenly increased and exceeds the pre-tightening torque M₁And M₂When the complete gear 1551 rotates anticlockwise, the incomplete gear 156 rotates clockwise, the engaged teeth of the incomplete gear 156 and the complete gear 155 rotate anticlockwise from the point d to the teeth a and start to slip, the slotting cutter 152 rotates along the mounting point by a certain angle, and finally the slotting cutter smoothly passes through an obstacle. After the ditching knife 152 smoothly passes over the obstacle, the two pre-tightening torques are M₁And M₂The blade is returned to the initial position by the torsion spring until the blade is rotated again under the same condition next time, so that the situation that the blade 152 is damaged due to overlarge torque is avoided.

The mounting mode of the ditching cutter 152 is also suitable for mounting the rotary tillage cutters of the main rotary cultivator 7 and the auxiliary rotary cultivator 2, and the damage of the cutter caused by overlarge torque on the rotary tillage cutter can be avoided.

Other parts not described in this example are outsourced parts.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

when the invention carries out intertillage weeding and fertilizing operation, the tractor pulls the tractor to move forward, the power is output from the power output rear shaft of the tractor to be transmitted to the intermediate gearbox 20, the output power is transmitted to the ditching disc 15 and the main rotary cultivator 7 through the intermediate gearbox 20, and the ditching disc 15 is driven to rotate through the coaxial chain wheel, so that the ditching operation is completed. The power is transmitted to the clutch 12 through belt wheel transmission, the packing auger 11 of the fertilizer box is driven to rotate, and the fixed-point fertilizing operation is realized. The power drives the main rotary cultivator 7 to operate through the transmission case I8, and the weeding task is completed. Power is transmitted to the auxiliary rotary cultivator 2 through the universal joint and the transmission connecting shaft 6, the change of the reversing valve is controlled through the single chip microcomputer 30 under the action of the mechanical feeler lever sensor 4 and the tree, the telescopic operation of the hydraulic cylinder I1 is controlled, the auxiliary rotary cultivator 2 is driven to stretch or extend out of the rack, and obstacle avoidance and inter-plant weeding operation are achieved. The lifting of the tail wheels 26 is connected and adjusted through a hydraulic cylinder II 27, and the working depth is adjusted. The mechanical feeler lever sensor 4 can perform length adjustment in the horizontal direction according to the length adjustment lever 41 and can perform angle adjustment according to the connecting rod 42. When the length adjusting rod 41 contacts with the tree to cause the connecting rod 42 to rotate at a certain angle under the action of the tree, the torsion spring 46 generates a torsion moment, and when the action of the tree and the length adjusting rod 41 is finished, the connecting rod 42 restores to the original position under the action of the torsion moment. The information such as the contact length and the rotation angle of the adjusting rod 41 of the telescopic sensor 4 with the tree, the advancing speed of the unit and the like is transmitted to the single chip microcomputer controller 30, and the single chip microcomputer controller 30 finishes the operation of obstacle avoidance, weeding and target fertilization according to the transmitted information.

The frame is provided with an elastic profiling floating lifting mechanism 31, and the land wheel can select two gears to alternately control the operation height according to the difference of the ground condition and the fertilization object, namely, the large land wheel 311 or the small land wheel 317 can be selected to perform height adjustment of the operation.

The transmission device of the fertilizing device of the machine comprises a transmission mechanism I10, a transmission mechanism II 17 and a transmission connecting shaft 6, wherein the intermediate gearbox 20 is provided with double output shafts, one end output shaft of the intermediate gearbox 20 is connected with a ditching disc rotating shaft through the transmission mechanism I10 to drive the ditching disc 15 to rotate, and ditching operation is completed. The other end output shaft of the intermediate gearbox 20 is connected with the clutch 12 through a transmission mechanism II 17, and the clutch 12 drives the fertilizing box auger 11 to rotate so as to realize fertilizer discharging. The position information of the fruit trees transmitted by the telescopic mechanical feeler lever type position sensor 4 is transmitted to the single chip microcomputer 30, the single chip microcomputer 30 converts the information into the opening and closing time information of the fertilizer outlet switch according to the advancing speed of the tractor, and when the fertilizer outlet is aligned with the fruit trees, the fertilizer outlet controlled by the single chip microcomputer is opened for fixed-point fertilizer application. The ditching disc of the machine arranged at the front working end of the fertilizing device is a flexible ditching disc with a ditching knife controlled by a pre-tightening spring, and can slip to pass through an obstacle when encountering a hard object, as shown in fig. 7. The ditching cutter is flexibly installed on the ditching disc 151 through a pair of incomplete gears and two groups of torsion springs, and a certain torsion pretightening force is given to the torsion springs, so that the cutter shaft is ensured not to rotate under the condition of normal ditching operation, and the ditching disc 151 is in a normal state. When the ditching cutter 152 meets large resistance such as large roots and stones in soil during operation, the torque borne by the ditching cutter shaft is larger than the pre-tightening torque of the pre-tightening spring, and at the moment, the cutter shaft can rotate at a certain angle along the installation point, so that the cutter shaft smoothly passes through obstacles in the soil without damaging the ditching cutter 152 in the advancing operation state of the machine.

The weeding device of the machine adopts a double rotary cultivator to carry out weeding operation, and a main rotary cultivator 7 carries out power rotary cultivation operation transmitted through a transmission case I8, so that the weeding and soil loosening operation between rows of an orchard is mainly completed. The auxiliary rotary cultivator is controlled by a telescopic mechanical feeler lever sensor 4, a hydraulic cylinder I1, a hydraulic cylinder II 27 and a single chip microcomputer 30 to control a reversing valve 5 to jointly complete weeding operation, wherein the telescopic mechanical feeler lever sensor 4 is installed on the right side of the advancing direction of the machine tool, and the direction of a hydraulic loop is changed by the operation of controlling the reversing valve 5 by the mechanical feeler lever sensor 4 and the single chip microcomputer 30, so that the telescopic function of the hydraulic cylinder I1 is achieved, and the obstacle-avoiding, weeding and soil-loosening operation of the auxiliary rotary cultivator 2 is realized.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a fruit tree ditching fertilization combined operation machine which characterized in that: comprises a frame, a main rotary cultivator, a ditching device, a fixed-point fertilizing device, a transmission device and an intermediate gearbox connected with a power shaft of a tractor; the rack is of a frame structure, and a mounting frame is arranged in the frame along the traveling direction; the middle gearbox is installed on the mounting bracket of frame, and the both sides that are close to the front end mounting bracket of marcing set up ditching device and main rotary cultivator respectively, set up fixed point fertilizer injection unit in ditching device work rear end, and middle gearbox passes through transmission and connects the transmission case I and the fixed point fertilizer injection unit of ditching device rotation axis, main rotary cultivator respectively.

2. The fruit tree furrowing and fertilizing combined machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fixed point fertilizer injection unit includes clutch, fertilization case, fertilization control switch, machinery feeler lever sensor and singlechip, ditching disc work rear end that ditching device was arranged in to the row fertilizer pipeline of fertilization case, sets up the fertilization control switch who is connected with the singlechip on it, and the clutch one end is connected to the fertile auger of row of fertilization incasement, and the clutch other end passes through drive mechanism II and connects the output shaft of middle gearbox, machinery feeler lever sensor sets up in the direction of travel right side of frame, and its signal line connects the singlechip.

3. The fruit tree furrowing and fertilizing combined machine as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the clutch comprises a clutch shell, a transmission shaft, a shifting fork, a movable connector, a push rod, a transmission friction plate, a clutch linkage rod, a telescopic device and an end cover, wherein a belt pulley of a transmission mechanism II is installed at one end of the transmission shaft, the other end of the transmission shaft extends into the clutch shell, the movable connector is sleeved on the transmission shaft and rotates along with the transmission shaft, a cavity is formed in the clutch shell corresponding to the movable connector, the transmission friction plate is sleeved at the end of a rotating shaft of the auger and extends into the clutch shell, a groove matched and connected with the movable connector is formed in the end of the transmission friction plate, a boss matched with the groove is formed in the end of the movable connector, the transmission friction plate and the groove rotate simultaneously when the transmission friction plate and the auger are connected, an annular groove matched with the shifting fork is formed in the; one end of the shifting fork is connected with one end of a push rod extending into the cavity of the clutch shell, and the other end of the shifting fork is arranged in the annular groove; the other end of the push rod is connected with a telescopic device arranged on the frame through a clutch linkage rod.

4. The fruit tree furrowing and fertilizing combined machine as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the obstacle avoidance device is further arranged at the working rear end of the main rotary cultivator and comprises an auxiliary rotary cultivator, a transmission case II, a telescopic mechanism, the mechanical feeler lever sensor, the single chip microcomputer and a reversing valve, the auxiliary rotary cultivator is connected to the rack through the telescopic mechanism and extends or retracts along the rack, the mechanical feeler lever sensor is connected to the extending side of the auxiliary rotary cultivator on the rack through the reversing valve, and the reversing valve is connected with a driving part of the telescopic mechanism; the input shaft end of the transmission case II is connected with the power output end of the transmission case I through a transmission connecting shaft, and the output shaft of the transmission case II is connected with the rotary tillage shaft of the auxiliary rotary cultivator.

5. The fruit tree furrowing and fertilizing combined machine as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the telescopic mechanism comprises a driving part and a sliding rail part, the rack and the top of the mounting rack of the auxiliary rotary cultivator are provided with the sliding rails which are matched with each other, the driving part is two hydraulic cylinders which are arranged in parallel, the ends of the cylinders are fixed on the mounting rack of the rack, and the end of a piston is connected to one side of the auxiliary rotary cultivator.

6. The fruit tree furrowing and fertilizing combined machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: frame bilateral symmetry sets up profile modeling elevating system that floats, including land wheel, little land wheel, fixed connector and two telescopic link, fixed connector connects in the frame, and it passes through telescopic link with land wheel, little land wheel respectively and is connected, two telescopic link becomes 90 degrees settings, and its one end all articulates in fixed connector's pivot, and the other end is fixed respectively on land wheel or little land wheel.

7. The fruit tree furrowing and fertilizing combined machine as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the telescopic connecting rod is composed of a sleeve and a sleeve rod arranged in the sleeve in a sleeved mode, a shaft hole connected with a fixed connecting piece is formed in the end of the sleeve, the end of the sleeve rod is an installation rod and fixed on a large land wheel or a small land wheel through the installation rod, and a shock-absorbing spring is sleeved on the sleeve rod between the sleeve and the installation rod.

8. The fruit tree furrowing and fertilizing combined machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ditching device is formed by arranging a plurality of ditching disks on a rotating shaft at intervals, the ditching disks are provided with a plurality of ditching knives, one ends of the ditching knives are all installed on the ditching disks through pre-tightening spring devices, and the other ends of the ditching knives extend out of the ditching disks and are arranged in the same direction along the ditching disks.

9. The fruit tree furrowing and fertilizing combined machine as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the pre-tightening spring device comprises a complete gear, an incomplete gear, a torsion spring I and a torsion spring II, wherein the torsion spring I is arranged between the complete gear and the ditching disc, the torsion spring II is arranged between the incomplete gear and the ditching disc, the two torsion springs are mounted in the same mode, one end of each torsion spring is mounted on the complete gear shaft or the incomplete gear shaft, the other end of each torsion spring is mounted at the upper end of the gear mounting groove of the ditching knife, pre-tightening force is provided for the complete gear and the incomplete gear, and the complete gear and the incomplete gear are meshed with each other in.

10. The fruit tree furrowing and fertilizing combined machine as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the incomplete gear comprises an incomplete gear tooth section, an incomplete gear toothless section and an incomplete gear unmachined section which are connected along the circumference, the circular arc of the incomplete gear unmachined section is a partial addendum circle, the circular arc of the incomplete gear toothless section is a partial dedendum circle, and a stop e tooth is formed at the joint of the incomplete gear unmachined section and the incomplete gear toothless section.

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