CN210512872U - Cut structure - Google Patents
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- CN210512872U CN210512872U CN201921283398.9U CN201921283398U CN210512872U CN 210512872 U CN210512872 U CN 210512872U CN 201921283398 U CN201921283398 U CN 201921283398U CN 210512872 U CN210512872 U CN 210512872U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a tunnel engineering field discloses a cut structure, all set up on the same perpendicular horizontal plane of face including big cut hole, little cut hole. The large cut holes comprise first cut holes and second cut holes, and the central lines of the first cut holes and the central lines of the second cut holes are distributed on two waist lines of a first isosceles trapezoid and are arranged at an included angle of 60 degrees. The small cut holes comprise third cut holes and fourth cut holes, the central lines of the third cut holes and the central lines of the fourth cut holes are distributed in two waist lines of a second isosceles trapezoid, and the two waist lines are arranged at an included angle of 60 degrees. The length of the waist line of the first isosceles trapezoid is larger than that of the second isosceles trapezoid, a plurality of explosive placing points are arranged in the large cut hole and the small cut hole to perform ordered blasting, and the effect that the blasting in the cut area does not generate too large vibration is achieved through mutual matching of the large cut hole and the small cut hole.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a tunnel engineering field particularly, relates to a cut structure.
Background
In order to avoid or reduce the damage or influence of blasting vibration on the existing building (structure) when the tunnel constructed by the drilling and blasting method is close to the building (structure) construction, a weak blasting mode is often adopted, but the investigation and analysis of the current situations at home and abroad show that the control of the blasting vibration speed less than 15m from an excavation surface within 1cm/s is very difficult, particularly in a hard rock stratum. When the control vibration standard can not be met, non-blasting excavation can only be adopted, such as measures of a hydraulic hammer, static crushing, a CO2 blasting technology, a single-arm heading machine and the like. However, although the non-blasting excavation reduces the influence on the existing building (structure), the construction progress is slow and the cost is high.
According to investigation and statistics, the maximum vibration of tunnel drilling explosion excavation often appears in cut blasting. The tunnel drilling explosion excavation needs to create an empty face on a tunnel face at first, the process is called as cut out, the prior blasting technology needs enough explosive quantity to be detonated simultaneously to create a good empty face effect (the empty face effect directly influences the excavation progress and quality), and after the cut empty face appears, the explosive quantity of the detonation at the same time of subsequent slot expansion blasting, tunneling blasting, smooth blasting and the like can be reduced according to the requirement of controlling vibration.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a cut structure, its through mutually supporting of big cut hole and little cut hole, combine a plurality of explosives to place the setting of point, realize that the blasting of cut district does not produce the effect of too big vibrations.
The embodiment of the utility model is realized like this:
a cut structure comprises a large cut hole and a small cut hole which are arranged on the same vertical horizontal plane of a tunnel face. The large cut holes comprise first cut holes and second cut holes, and the central lines of the first cut holes and the central lines of the second cut holes are distributed on two waist lines of a first isosceles trapezoid and are arranged at an included angle of 60 degrees. The small cut holes comprise third cut holes and fourth cut holes, the central lines of the third cut holes and the central lines of the fourth cut holes are distributed in two waist lines of a second isosceles trapezoid, and the two waist lines are arranged at an included angle of 60 degrees. The length of the waist line of the first isosceles trapezoid is greater than that of the second isosceles trapezoid, the lower bottom of the first isosceles trapezoid and the lower bottom of the second isosceles trapezoid are both arranged on the tunnel face, and the symmetry axis of the first isosceles trapezoid coincides with that of the second isosceles trapezoid. A plurality of explosive placing points are arranged in the large undermining hole and the small undermining hole for ordered blasting.
The inventor finds that when a tunnel constructed by a drilling and blasting method is constructed close to a building (structure), a weak blasting mode is often adopted to avoid or reduce the damage or influence of blasting vibration on the existing building (structure), but the investigation and analysis of the current situations at home and abroad show that it is very difficult to control the blasting vibration speed less than 15m away from an excavation surface within 1cm/s, particularly a hard rock stratum. And the adoption of the non-blasting method can bring about the problems of slow construction progress and high cost. According to investigation and statistics, the maximum vibration of tunnel drilling explosion excavation often appears in cut blasting. In the existing blasting technology, the effect of a good free face can be created only by simultaneously detonating enough explosive quantity, and after the undercut free face appears, the explosive quantity of the subsequent synchronous detonating such as slot expanding blasting, tunneling blasting and smooth blasting can be reduced according to the requirement of controlling vibration.
The inventor finds that if the vibration caused by the cut blasting can be reduced on the premise of ensuring the effect of the cut free face, the vibration caused by the whole tunnel section excavation blasting can be controlled. In the tunnel drilling and blasting design, the included angle of a traditional V-shaped horizontal wedge-shaped cut is changed between 30 degrees and 70 degrees, the value range is mainly determined according to the hardness and softness of surrounding rock, blasting circulation footage and other factors, and the experience is strong. When the method is implemented on site, the randomness is large, the included angle is difficult to control, the circular footage is not very stable, and the dosage is often large for ensuring the slitting effect.
Therefore, the inventor invents a cutting structure, the large cutting hole and the small cutting hole are matched with each other, the cutting effect is optimal when the included angle of 60 degrees is set, and the explosive amount can be reduced. A plurality of explosive placing points are arranged in the large undermining hole and the small undermining hole for orderly blasting, so that the energy of explosive blasting is uniformly divided through the staggered holes, the maximum explosive loading of the same section of detonator blasting is reduced to effectively control the maximum peak value of blasting vibration, and the purpose that the undermining area blasting does not generate excessive vibration is achieved.
Furthermore, explosive placing points are arranged at one ends of the large cut holes far away from the tunnel face, the height of the first isosceles trapezoid is W, and the height of the second isosceles trapezoid is W1W is 0.5-1.5 m;
when W is 1.2 ≦ W ≦ 1.5, W1＝0.6W；
When 0.8<W<At 1.2m, W1＝0.5W。
Further, when W is less than or equal to 0.8m and less than or equal to 0.5, the small cut hole is not formed.
Furthermore, the length of the upper bottom of the first isosceles trapezoid is d, and the value of d is 0.9-1.1 m.
Furthermore, a plurality of vertical horizontal planes with the sequential spacing distance h of the tunnel face are respectively provided with a large cut hole and a small cut hole, wherein the distance between the two vertical horizontal planes with the farthest spacing is 1.2-2.4 m;
and when the surrounding rock belongs to the II level, the III level, the IV level and the V level respectively, the corresponding h is 40cm, 50cm, 60cm and 70cm respectively.
Further, the number of vertical horizontal planes provided with the large cut holes and the small cut holes is kept to be 3 to 5, not more than 5 when the surrounding rock belongs to hard rock, and not less than 3 when the surrounding rock belongs to soft rock.
Furthermore, the vertical horizontal plane which is closest to the tunnel bottom plate and is provided with the large cut hole and the small cut hole is controlled to be 50-70cm away from the tunnel bottom plate.
The utility model has the advantages that:
(1) the two cut holes of the large cut hole and the small cut hole are arranged along the central line at an included angle of 60 degrees, the cut effect is optimal, and the explosive amount can be reduced;
(2) a plurality of explosive placing points are arranged in the blasting device, the energy of explosive explosion can be equally divided through the staggered holes, the maximum explosive loading of the same section of detonator explosion is reduced in a matched mode, and the effect that the blasting of the channeling area does not generate overlarge vibration is achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a cutting structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic elevation view of a cutting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic side view of a cutting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a W value schematic diagram of the undercut structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 10-cut structure, 100-large cut hole, 110-first cut hole, 120-second cut hole, 130-first isosceles trapezoid, 131-symmetry axis, 200-small cut hole, 210-third cut hole, 220-fourth cut hole, 230-second isosceles trapezoid, 300-explosive charge placement point, 20-face.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate the position or positional relationship based on the position or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the position or positional relationship which is usually placed when the product of the present invention is used, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The terms "parallel", "perpendicular", etc. do not require that the components be absolutely parallel or perpendicular, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "parallel" merely means that the directions are more parallel relative to "perpendicular," and does not mean that the structures are necessarily perfectly parallel, but may be slightly tilted.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a cut structure 10, which includes a large cut hole 100 and a small cut hole 200 both disposed on the same vertical horizontal plane of a tunnel face. Wherein, the vertical horizontal plane refers to a plane in the horizontal direction in the vertical horizontal plane of the tunnel face.
The arrangement of the large cut holes 100 and the small cut holes 200 is as follows: the large cut hole 100 includes a first cut hole 110 and a second cut hole 120, and a center line of the first cut hole 110 and a center line of the second cut hole 120 are distributed as two waist lines of a first isosceles trapezoid 130 and are arranged at an included angle of 60 °. The small cut holes 200 include a third cut hole 210 and a fourth cut hole 220, and the center line of the third cut hole 210 and the center line of the fourth cut hole 220 are distributed in two waist lines of a second isosceles trapezoid 230 and are arranged at an included angle of 60 °. The length of the waist line of the first isosceles trapezoid 130 is greater than that of the second isosceles trapezoid 230, the lower bottoms of the first isosceles trapezoid 130 and the second isosceles trapezoid 230 are both disposed on the tunnel face 20, which is equivalent to that the large slotted hole 100 and the small slotted hole 200 both extend into the rock to be blasted from the upper opening of the tunnel face 20, and the symmetry axis 131 of the first isosceles trapezoid 130 coincides with the symmetry axis 131 of the second isosceles trapezoid 230.
The first isosceles trapezoid 130 and the second isosceles trapezoid 230 are in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid. The first cut holes 110 extend along a center line of the first cut holes 110, and the second cut holes 120 extend along a center line of the second cut holes 120.
The tunnel face 20 is the face that is constantly advancing in the tunnel project. The undercutting, also known as the undercut hole, is used for tunnel boring, and the eye hole is arranged at the lower position of the center of the face 20, and the hole is detonated firstly, so that the central rock is thrown out, and the free face is added to the surrounding rock, thereby achieving the best blasting effect.
The inventor finds that the weak blasting mode is adopted during building construction, vibration damage needs to be controlled to be small, tunnel drilling explosion excavation maximum vibration often occurs in cut blasting according to investigation and statistics, the effect of a good free face can be created only by simultaneously detonating enough explosive quantity in the prior blasting technology, and after the free face of the cut appears, the explosive quantity of the detonating explosive quantity in the following slot expanding blasting, tunneling blasting, smooth blasting and the like can be reduced according to the control of vibration. Therefore, the peak value of the vibration during the slitting blasting determines the vibration of the entire blasting.
The two cut holes of the large cut hole 100 and the small cut hole 200 are arranged along the central line at an included angle of 60 degrees, so that the cutting effect is optimal, the explosive amount can be reduced, and the vibration peak value during cutting blasting is further reduced.
A plurality of explosive placing points 300 are arranged in each of the large cut holes 100 and the small cut holes 200, and the explosive placing points 300 are used for placing explosives so as to perform ordered blasting. The total amount of explosive in the cut hole is calculated by an empirical method and is dispersed into a plurality of parts to be respectively placed at a plurality of explosive placing points 300 at intervals. The multiple explosive placing points 300 are used for sequentially blasting according to a specified sequence, and for the overall blasting condition of the large cut hole 100 and the small cut hole 200, the energy of explosive blasting can be equally divided by dislocation between holes, the maximum explosive loading amount of blasting of the detonators in the same section is reduced in a matched mode, and the effect that the blasting of the cut area does not generate overlarge vibration is achieved.
Further, referring to fig. 1 and 4, the resistance line W indicates the maximum vertical distance from the bottom of the undercut hole to the tunnel face 20, i.e., the undercut depth. The larger the resistance line is, the larger the circulation footage is, the more the explosive is used, and the larger the blasting vibration is; the smaller the resistance line is, the smaller the circulation footage is, the less the explosive amount is, and the smaller the blasting vibration is. The height of the first isosceles trapezoid 130 is W, and the explosive placing point 300 is disposed at one end of the large cut hole 100 away from the face 20, that is, W is the size of the resisting line when the explosive placing point 300 is disposed at both the end of the first cut hole 110 away from the face 20 and the end of the second cut hole 120 away from the face 20.
The second isosceles trapezoid 230 has a height W1I.e. the end of the small cut hole 200 away from the face 20 is distant from the face W1。
In a vibration control area, the tunnel circulating footage is generally 0.5-1.5m, when the footage exceeds 1.5m, the vibration control is almost difficult to realize, but when the footage is less than 0.5m, the efficacy is low, the cost is high, and the practical engineering significance is avoided. Therefore, when the W value is 0.5-1.5m, the resistance line W is divided into a small cut hole 200 and a large cut hole 100 through the arrangement of two layers of cut holes1、W-W1And proportionally split, i.e. differential resistance line, by setting W1The ratio of W to W can realize great and effective shock reduction effect.
The effective shock reduction effect can be obtained by providing the following difference proportion, specifically, when W is less than or equal to 1.2 and less than or equal to 1.5, W is less than or equal to 1.210.6W; when 0.8<W<At 1.2m, W1＝0.5W。
When W is less than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.8m, the size of the resistance line can meet the standard when two slotted holes of the large slotted hole 100 and the small slotted hole 200 are arranged along the central line at an included angle of 60 degrees and a plurality of powder placing points are arranged in the two slotted holes, the small slotted hole 200 can be omitted, and only the plurality of powder placing points in the large slotted hole 100 are used for placing powder at intervals.
On the basis of the above, the following designs can be proposed to control the undercut vibration condition well, including:
referring to fig. 1, the length of the upper base of the first isosceles trapezoid 130 is d, and d is 0.9-1.1 m.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a plurality of vertical horizontal planes sequentially spaced by a distance h of the tunnel face 20 are provided with a large cut hole 100 and a small cut hole 200, wherein the distance between two vertical horizontal planes spaced farthest apart is 1.2-2.4 m. And when the surrounding rock belongs to the II level, the III level, the IV level and the V level respectively, the corresponding h is 40cm, 50cm, 60cm and 70cm respectively.
The number of vertical horizontal planes provided with the large cut holes 100 and the small cut holes 200 is kept to 3 to 5, not more than 5 when the surrounding rock belongs to hard rock, and not less than 3 when the surrounding rock belongs to soft rock.
The vertical horizontal plane which is closest to the tunnel bottom plate and is provided with the large cut holes 100 and the small cut holes 200 is controlled to be 50-70cm away from the tunnel bottom plate, and more particularly, when surrounding rocks around belong to the category of hard rocks, the distance from the tunnel bottom plate is deviated to 50 cm; when surrounding rocks around belong to the category of soft rocks, the distance from the bottom plate of the tunnel is biased to 70 cm. The tunnel floor herein refers to a tunnel floor of an excavation surface, and corresponds to a bottom edge of the excavation surface.
The hard rock is rock having a compressive strength of 60MPA or more in a saturated uniaxial direction, and the soft rock is rock having a compressive strength of 30MPA or less in a saturated uniaxial direction.
More, the undercut region formed by all the large undercut holes 100 and the small undercut holes 200 is basically set at a point lower than the middle of the tunnel face 20 in the setting.
To sum up, the utility model discloses have through mutually supporting of big undermining hole 100 and little undermining hole 200, the rethread reduces the effective control of the biggest charge of detonating with the section detonator in order to realize the biggest peak value to the explosion vibrations, realizes the effect that the undermining district blasting does not produce too big vibrations.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a cut structure which characterized in that: comprises a large cut hole and a small cut hole which are arranged on the same vertical horizontal plane of a tunnel face;
the large cut holes comprise first cut holes and second cut holes, and the central lines of the first cut holes and the central lines of the second cut holes are distributed in two waist lines of a first isosceles trapezoid and are arranged at an included angle of 60 degrees;
the small cut holes comprise third cut holes and fourth cut holes, the central lines of the third cut holes and the central lines of the fourth cut holes are distributed in two waist lines of a second isosceles trapezoid, and the two waist lines are arranged at an included angle of 60 degrees;
the waist line length of the first isosceles trapezoid is greater than that of the second isosceles trapezoid, the lower bottom of the first isosceles trapezoid and the lower bottom of the second isosceles trapezoid are both arranged on the tunnel face, and the symmetry axis of the first isosceles trapezoid is coincident with that of the second isosceles trapezoid;
and a plurality of explosive placing points are arranged in the large cut hole and the small cut hole so as to carry out ordered blasting.
2. A plunge cut structure according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the explosive placing point is arranged at one end, far away from the tunnel face, of the large cut hole, the height of the first isosceles trapezoid is W, and the height of the second isosceles trapezoid is W1W is 0.5-1.5 m;
when W is 1.2 ≦ 1.5m, W is1＝0.6W；
When 0.8<W<At 1.2m, W1＝0.5W。
3. A plunge cut structure according to claim 2, characterized in that:
when W is less than or equal to 0.8m and less than or equal to 0.5, the small cut hole is not provided.
4. A plunge cut structure according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the length of the upper bottom of the first isosceles trapezoid is d, and the value of d is 0.9-1.1 m.
5. A plunge cut structure according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that:
the large cut holes and the small cut holes are formed in a plurality of vertical horizontal planes of the tunnel face at intervals h in sequence, wherein the distance between the two vertical horizontal planes at the farthest interval is 1.2-2.4 m;
and when the surrounding rock belongs to the II level, the III level, the IV level and the V level respectively, the corresponding h is 40cm, 50cm, 60cm and 70cm respectively.
6. The plunge cut structure according to claim 5, characterized in that:
the number of vertical horizontal planes provided with the large cut holes and the small cut holes is kept between 3 and 5, and is not more than 5 when the surrounding rock belongs to hard rock and is not less than 3 when the surrounding rock belongs to soft rock.
7. The plunge cut structure according to claim 5, characterized in that:
the vertical horizontal plane which is closest to the tunnel bottom plate and is provided with the large cut holes and the small cut holes is controlled to be 50-70cm away from the tunnel bottom plate.
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| CN201921283398.9U CN210512872U (en) | 2019-08-08 | 2019-08-08 | Cut structure |
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| CN201921283398.9U CN210512872U (en) | 2019-08-08 | 2019-08-08 | Cut structure |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110455138A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-11-15 | 中铁二局第二工程有限公司 | A kind of slotting structure and Blasting Control method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110455138A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-11-15 | 中铁二局第二工程有限公司 | A kind of slotting structure and Blasting Control method |
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