CN210139250U

CN210139250U - Laser and magnetorheological suspensions coupling burnishing device

Info

Publication number: CN210139250U
Application number: CN201920925878.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张争艳; 耿康; 杨浩飞; 乔国朝; 张慧慧; 戴立达; 张建华
Original assignee: Hebei University of Technology
Current assignee: Hebei University of Technology
Priority date: 2019-06-19
Filing date: 2019-06-19
Publication date: 2020-03-13
Anticipated expiration: 2029-06-19

Abstract

The utility model discloses a laser and magnetorheological suspensions coupling burnishing device, the device include laser emitter, laser guide rail, electro-magnet, throwing aureola, rotatable support, laser guide rail slider, base, work piece feeding device and magnetorheological suspensions circulating device. The device uses the magneto-rheological and laser coupling effect for polishing, and has the advantages of high processing efficiency and processing precision, good processing quality and easily controlled processing conditions. The magnetorheological fluid is changed into a solid-like body under the action of the magnetic field of the electromagnet, and relative to the flexible grinding heads, the magnetorheological fluid and the workpiece generate relative motion under the driving of the polishing wheel, so that the polishing effect is achieved. Laser can be through heat conduction with heat transfer to the surface of work piece, reduces the anti-shear force of work piece surface, softens the surface, improves polishing efficiency and quality. The workpiece feeding device realizes precision machining of various positions of parts with irregular shapes. The magnetorheological fluid circulating device realizes the cyclic utilization of the magnetorheological fluid. The device has the advantages of ingenious mechanical design and low manufacturing cost.

Description

Laser and magnetorheological suspensions coupling burnishing device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an ultra-precision machining field specifically is a laser and magnetorheological suspensions coupling burnishing device.

Background

With the development of science and technology, people have higher and higher requirements on precision instruments and measurement precision, especially in the field of optics. Because the optical system which is pursued at present has the characteristics of high resolution, large view field and the like, the aspherical mirror design is generally adopted, but is influenced by a plurality of factors such as the size of a polishing tool and the like, and the ultra-precision processing technology of the concave aspherical surface with small curvature radius and the free curved surface element is a great problem faced by the optical processing at present.

The current polishing techniques are roughly classified into direct contact polishing, interfacial reaction polishing (quasi-contact polishing), and non-contact polishing. The direct contact polishing is that the polishing disk and the workpiece are in direct contact in the polishing process, and the material is removed by means of the mechanical grinding action of the polishing abrasive and the friction action of the polishing disk. The interface reaction polishing is to utilize solid phase reaction or hydration reaction to generate reactant on the surface of the workpiece and then remove the reactant through the friction force of the polishing disk. Non-contact polishing refers to a method of polishing a workpiece by allowing only an abrasive to flow over a surface to be processed in a non-contact state without contacting the workpiece with a polishing pad. The removal amount of the non-contact polishing is extremely small, and the non-contact polishing can be used for processing functional crystal material elements and optical elements. These polishing techniques suffer from more or less drawbacks in cost, efficiency and polishing accuracy, and thus require a relatively comprehensive polishing method, whereas magnetorheological polishing has proven to be an effective ultra-smooth, low-damage machining technique.

The magnetorheological fluid is the same as the common fluid when a magnetic field is not applied; after a magnetic field with certain intensity is added, the magnetorheological fluid can be quickly changed into a Bingham medium with viscoplasticity, and the magnetorheological fluid can be changed back into flowing liquid after the magnetic field disappears. The magnetorheological polishing technology is just to utilize the rapid relative motion between a flexible small grinding head with the visco-plastic behavior formed by the magnetorheological polishing liquid undergoing rheology in a gradient magnetic field and a workpiece, so that the surface of the workpiece is subjected to a large shearing force, and the surface material of the workpiece is removed.

The document with application number 201310229989.9 discloses a magnetorheological planar reciprocating polishing device, wherein a workpiece is fixed on a non-magnetic-conductive clamp, a soft magnetic plate is arranged between the clamp and a workpiece shaft, a liquid carrying groove containing magnetorheological fluid is arranged at the lower part of the clamp, and the workpiece is immersed in the magnetorheological fluid during polishing. The working area generates uniform magnetic field under the action of the soft magnetic plate and the electromagnet, and when the magnetic field polishing machine works, the electromagnet positioned at the lower part of the liquid carrying groove is driven by the reciprocating transmission mechanism, so that a 'small grinding head' formed by the magnetorheological fluid linearly reciprocates in parallel with the polishing surface of the workpiece and is matched with the rotation of the workpiece to achieve the aim of precise polishing. The polishing device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and easy processing of a long and narrow working surface; the defects are that the processing efficiency is low, the surface roughness does not reach the standard, the shape of a processed workpiece is limited, each point cannot be polished, and the magnetorheological fluid cannot be recycled.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

To the deficiency of the prior art, the utility model aims to solve the technical problem that a laser and magnetorheological suspensions coupling burnishing device is provided.

The technical scheme of the utility model for solving the technical problem is that, a laser and magnetorheological suspensions coupling polishing device is provided, which is characterized in that the device comprises a laser transmitter, a laser guide rail, an electromagnet, a polishing wheel, a rotatable bracket, a laser guide rail slider, a base, a workpiece feeding device and a magnetorheological suspensions circulating device; the magnetorheological fluid circulating device comprises a recovery funnel, a recovered magnetorheological fluid peristaltic pump, a magnetorheological fluid stirring box, a magnetorheological fluid jet peristaltic pump, a magnetorheological fluid nozzle, a hollow supporting tube, a nozzle turntable and a nozzle positioning plate;

the laser guide rail is fixed on the base; the top of the rotatable bracket is provided with a laser emitter, and the bottom of the rotatable bracket is fixed with a laser guide rail sliding block; the laser guide rail sliding block is matched with the laser guide rail; the polishing wheel is rotatably arranged on the base; the electromagnet is fixed on the base and is positioned right below the polishing wheel; the recovery funnel is fixed on the base through a hollow supporting tube; the recovery funnel is communicated with the hollow supporting tube; the nozzle positioning disc is fixed on the base; the nozzle turntable is rotatably arranged in the nozzle positioning disc and is positioned through the nozzle positioning disc; the magnetorheological fluid nozzle is fixed on the nozzle turntable; the recovery funnel is communicated with the magnetorheological fluid stirring box through a hollow supporting tube and a guide tube, and a recovery magnetorheological fluid peristaltic pump is arranged on the guide tube; the magnetorheological fluid nozzle is communicated with the magnetorheological fluid stirring box through a guide pipe, and a magnetorheological fluid spraying peristaltic pump is arranged on the guide pipe.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses beneficial effect lies in:

(1) the device uses the magneto-rheological and laser coupling effect for polishing, and has the advantages of high processing efficiency and processing precision, good processing quality, easily controlled processing conditions, environmental protection, no noise pollution and low surface roughness which can reach 0.1 mu m. The magnetorheological fluid is changed into a solid-like body under the action of the magnetic field of the electromagnet, and relative to the flexible grinding heads, the magnetorheological fluid and the workpiece generate relative motion under the driving of the polishing wheel, so that the polishing effect is achieved. Laser can be through heat conduction with heat transfer to the surface of work piece, reduces the anti-shear force of work piece surface, softens the surface, improves polishing efficiency and quality.

(2) Make anchor clamps drive the work piece can follow X, Y and Z direction free movement through work piece feeding device, realize the precision finishing to each position of the irregular part of shape, the work piece shape is unrestricted and the polishing degree is controllable, has realized all-round fixed point polishing.

(3) When the magnetorheological fluid leaves the magnetic field, the magnetorheological fluid becomes liquid and is brought into the magnetorheological fluid circulating device by centrifugal force under the action of the polishing wheel, so that the cyclic utilization of the magnetorheological fluid is realized.

(4) The intensity of the magnetic field is controlled by adopting an electromagnet mode, the field intensity can be controlled in real time according to the polishing requirement, and the workpiece feeding device is matched to realize high-precision polishing of the workpiece.

(5) The position and the angle of the laser emitter can be adjusted through the rotatable support and the laser guide rail sliding block according to the positions of the workpiece and the polishing wheel, and laser can be accurately emitted to the magnetorheological fluid acted with the workpiece.

(6) The magnetorheological fluid nozzle is arranged on the nozzle turntable, can rotate to a proper elevation angle according to a processing position, and is fixed through the nozzle positioning disc, so that precise processing is realized.

(7) The device greatly simplifies the structure scale, is ingenious in mechanical design, simple to operate, low in manufacturing cost and strong in universality, and ensures high-quality polishing while improving the efficiency, so that the maintenance cost is reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an axial view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic axial view of a workpiece feeding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating an installation of a top bracket and a Z-axis bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view illustrating the installation of the top beam and the top bracket of the clamp according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is an axial view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention with the workpiece feeding device removed.

Fig. 8 is an axial view of a magnetorheological fluid circulating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of an axial measurement of the clamp according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a clamp top beam; 2. a top support; 3. a Z-axis support; 4. a Z-axis main supporting frame; 5. a laser transmitter; 6. a recovery funnel; 7. a laser guide rail; 8. recovering the magnetorheological fluid peristaltic pump; 9. a magnetorheological fluid stirring box; 10. a magnetorheological fluid jet peristaltic pump; 11. an electromagnet; 12. a polishing wheel; 13. a magnetorheological fluid nozzle; 14. a hydraulic lever; 15. a clamp; 16. a Z-axis support motor; 17. a Z-axis support ball screw; 18. a top mount motor; 19. a top support ball screw; 20. a hollow support tube; 21. a workpiece; 22. a column support; 23. a Z-axis support rail; 24. a top bracket rail; 25. a column support guide rail; 26. a rotatable support; 27. a column bracket guide rail slide block; 28. a Z-axis support guide rail slide block; 29. a top bracket guide rail slider; 30. a laser guide rail slider; 31. polishing the wheel bearing seat; 32. a nozzle turntable; 33. a nozzle positioning plate; 34. a base; 35. a top bracket lead screw nut; 36. a clamp top beam lead screw nut.

Detailed Description

Specific embodiments of the present invention are given below. The specific embodiments are only used for further elaboration of the invention, and do not limit the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

The utility model provides a laser and magnetorheological suspensions coupling burnishing device (refer to the device for short, see fig. 1-9), its characterized in that the device includes laser emitter 5, laser guide rail 7, electro-magnet 11, polishing wheel 12, rotatable support 26, laser guide rail slider 30, base 34, work piece feeding device and magnetorheological suspensions circulating device;

the workpiece feeding device comprises a clamp top beam 1, a top support 2, a Z-axis support 3, a Z-axis main support frame 4, a hydraulic rod 14, a clamp 15, a Z-axis support motor 16, a Z-axis support ball screw 17, a top support motor 18, a top support ball screw 19, an upright support 22, a Z-axis support guide rail 23, a top support guide rail 24, an upright support guide rail 25, an upright support guide rail slide block 27, a Z-axis support guide rail slide block 28, a top support guide rail slide block 29, a top support lead screw nut 35 and a clamp top beam lead screw nut 36; the magnetorheological fluid circulating device comprises a recovery funnel 6, a recovered magnetorheological fluid peristaltic pump 8, a magnetorheological fluid stirring box 9, a magnetorheological fluid jet peristaltic pump 10, a magnetorheological fluid nozzle 13, a hollow supporting tube 20, a nozzle turntable 32 and a nozzle positioning disc 33;

a plurality of upright supports 22 are uniformly fixed on the base 34 (in the embodiment, four upright supports 22 are fixed at four corners of the base 34), and upright support guide rails 25 are fixed on the upright supports; column support guide rail sliding blocks 27 are uniformly fixed on the Z-axis support 3 (in this embodiment, column support guide rail sliding blocks 27 are fixed at four corners of the Z-axis support 3), and the column support guide rail sliding blocks 27 are matched with respective column support guide rails 25; the Z-axis main support frames 4 are fixed on the base 34, and hydraulic rods 14 are fixed on the Z-axis main support frames (in the embodiment, two Z-axis main support frames 4 are symmetrically fixed in the middle of the base 34, and one hydraulic rod 14 is fixed on each Z-axis main support frame); the output end of the hydraulic rod 14 is connected with the Z-axis support 3 to realize the movement of the Z-axis support 3 along the Z direction; a Z-axis support guide rail 23 is fixed at the top of the Z-axis support 3, a Z-axis support guide rail slide block 28 is fixed at the bottom of the top support 2, and the Z-axis support guide rail slide blocks 28 are matched with the respective Z-axis support guide rails 23; a Z-axis support motor 16 is fixed on the Z-axis support 3, and the output end of the Z-axis support motor is fixedly connected with a Z-axis support ball screw 17; a top bracket screw nut 35 is fixed at the bottom of the top bracket 2, and the Z-axis bracket ball screw 17 is matched with the top bracket screw nut 35 to realize the movement of the top bracket 2 along the Y direction; the top of the top bracket 2 is fixed with a top bracket guide rail 24, the bottom of the clamp top beam 1 is fixed with a top bracket guide rail slide block 29, and the top bracket guide rail slide block 29 is matched with the respective top bracket guide rail 24; the top bracket motor 18 is fixed on the top bracket 2, and the output end of the top bracket motor is fixedly connected with a top bracket ball screw 19; a clamp top beam screw nut 36 is fixed at the bottom of the clamp top beam 1, and the top support ball screw 19 is matched with the clamp top beam screw nut 36 to realize the movement of the clamp top beam 1 along the X direction; the clamp 15 is fixed on the clamp top beam 1; during machining, the workpiece 21 is fixed at the bottom of the clamp 15, the clamp 15 drives the workpiece 21 to freely move in directions X, Y and Z, and accurate machining of each position of an irregular part is achieved;

the laser guide rail 7 is fixed on the base 34; the top of the rotatable bracket 26 is provided with a laser emitter 5 which can adjust the laser emitting elevation angle according to the processing position, and the bottom is fixed with a laser guide rail sliding block 30; the laser guide rail sliding block 30 is matched with the laser guide rail 7 to realize sliding, and the position of the laser emitter 5 is moved according to the processing requirement; the polishing wheel 12 is rotatably arranged on the base 34 through a polishing wheel bearing seat 31 and a bearing and is positioned at the central position of the base 34 and on the inner side of the Z-axis main supporting frame 4; the electromagnet 11 is fixed on the base 34 and positioned right below the polishing wheel 12, and the proper magnetic field intensity is obtained by changing the magnitude of the current; the recovery funnel 6 is fixed on the base 34 through the hollow support pipe 20 and is positioned between the laser emitter 5 and the polishing wheel 12; the recovery funnel 6 is communicated with the hollow support tube 20; the nozzle positioning disc 33 is fixed on the base 34; the nozzle turntable 32 is rotatably arranged in the nozzle positioning disc 33 through the matching of a rolling bearing and a shaft, and is positioned through the nozzle positioning disc 33 (in the embodiment, the position of the nozzle turntable 32 is fixed through a key after the position is adjusted); the magnetorheological fluid nozzle 13 is fixed on the nozzle turntable 32; the magnetorheological fluid nozzle 13 and the recovery hopper 6 are positioned at two sides of the polishing wheel 12, and the centers of the magnetorheological fluid nozzle 13 and the recovery hopper are positioned on the same straight line; the recovery funnel 6 is communicated with the magnetorheological fluid stirring box 9 through a hollow supporting tube 20 and a guide tube, and a recovery magnetorheological fluid peristaltic pump 8 is arranged on the guide tube; the magnetorheological fluid nozzle 13 is communicated with the magnetorheological fluid stirring box 9 through a guide pipe, and a magnetorheological fluid spraying peristaltic pump 10 is installed on the guide pipe.

Preferably, the Z-axis carriage motor 16 and the top carriage motor 18 are each three-phase stepper motors.

Preferably, the central axes of the Z-axis main support frame 4 and the polishing wheel bearing housing 31 are collinear.

Preferably, the mouth of the recovery funnel 6 is positioned 1-2mm from the polishing wheel (i.e., the closest distance of the recovery funnel 6 to the polishing wheel 12 is 1-2mm), and the installation height of the recovery funnel 6 is the radius of the polishing wheel.

The utility model discloses a theory of operation and work flow are:

1. the workpiece 21 is fixed on the jig 15, the workpiece 21 is controlled to move in the Y direction by the Z-axis carriage motor 16 and the Z-axis carriage ball screw 17, the workpiece 21 is controlled to move in the X direction by the top carriage motor 18 and the top carriage ball screw 19, and the workpiece 21 is controlled to move in the Z direction by the hydraulic rod 14, so that a part of the workpiece 21 is located in the region to be polished.

2. And (3) starting polishing the part of the workpiece 21, adjusting the rotating speed of the polishing wheel 12 as required, and changing the current as required to control the intensity of the magnetic field formed by the electromagnet 11. The elevation angle of the emission of the magnetorheological fluid nozzle 13 can be adjusted by the nozzle turntable 32 as required. Then, the recovery magnetorheological fluid peristaltic pump 8 and the magnetorheological fluid jet peristaltic pump 10 are sequentially opened, and the magnetorheological fluid is driven by the magnetorheological fluid jet peristaltic pump 10 to jet magnetorheological fluid to the polishing wheel 12 through the magnetorheological fluid nozzle 13 and is changed into magnetorheological fluid in a solid-like state under the action of the electromagnet 11. The power supply of the laser emitter 5 is switched on, the position and the angle of the laser emitter 5 are adjusted through the rotatable support 26 and the laser guide rail slider 30, laser is emitted to magnetorheological fluid (namely the magnetorheological fluid on the top of the polishing wheel 12) acting with the workpiece 21, and the shearing resistance of the surface of the workpiece is reduced. The polishing wheel 12 drives the magnetorheological fluid in a solid-like state to move relative to the workpiece 21 for polishing. The magnetorheological fluid leaves the magnetic field action area and becomes colloid or liquid, because the field intensity is reduced, the friction force between the magnetorheological fluid and the polishing wheel 12 is smaller than the centrifugal force of the polishing wheel 12, the magnetorheological fluid is brought to the recovery hopper 6 by the centrifugal force of the polishing wheel 12, enters the magnetorheological fluid stirring box 9 under the action of the recovered magnetorheological fluid peristaltic pump 8, is uniformly mixed, and is sprayed onto the workpiece 21 through the magnetorheological fluid nozzle 13 under the action of the magnetorheological fluid spraying peristaltic pump 10, so that the cyclic utilization of the magnetorheological fluid is realized.

3. The position of the workpiece 21 is adjusted by the workpiece feeding device so that another portion of the workpiece 21 is located in the area to be polished. Polishing of this portion is completed according to step 2.

4. And repeating the step 3 to finish polishing the whole workpiece 21.

Claims

1. A laser and magnetorheological fluid coupling polishing device is characterized by comprising a laser transmitter, a laser guide rail, an electromagnet, a polishing wheel, a rotatable bracket, a laser guide rail slide block, a base, a workpiece feeding device and a magnetorheological fluid circulating device; the magnetorheological fluid circulating device comprises a recovery funnel, a recovered magnetorheological fluid peristaltic pump, a magnetorheological fluid stirring box, a magnetorheological fluid jet peristaltic pump, a magnetorheological fluid nozzle, a hollow supporting tube, a nozzle turntable and a nozzle positioning plate;

2. The laser and magnetorheological fluid coupled polishing device according to claim 1, wherein the magnetorheological fluid nozzle and the recovery funnel are positioned at two sides of the polishing wheel, and the centers of the magnetorheological fluid nozzle and the recovery funnel are in a straight line.

3. The laser and magnetorheological fluid coupled polishing device according to claim 1, wherein the mouth of the recovery funnel is arranged at a distance of 1-2mm from the polishing wheel, and the installation height of the recovery funnel is the radius of the polishing wheel.

4. The laser and magnetorheological fluid coupling polishing device according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece feeding device comprises a clamp top beam, a top bracket, a Z-axis main supporting frame, a hydraulic rod, a clamp, a Z-axis bracket motor, a Z-axis bracket ball screw, a top bracket motor, a top bracket ball screw, a column bracket, a Z-axis bracket guide rail, a top bracket guide rail, a column bracket guide rail slide block, a Z-axis bracket guide rail slide block, a top bracket screw nut and a clamp top beam screw nut; a plurality of upright post brackets are uniformly fixed on the base, and upright post bracket guide rails are fixed on the upright post brackets; upright bracket guide rail sliding blocks are uniformly fixed on the Z-axis bracket and are matched with respective upright bracket guide rails; the Z-axis main supporting frame is fixed on the base, and a hydraulic rod is fixed on the Z-axis main supporting frame; the output end of the hydraulic rod is connected with the Z-axis bracket; a Z-axis support guide rail is fixed at the top of the Z-axis support, a Z-axis support guide rail slider is fixed at the bottom of the top support, and the Z-axis support guide rail sliders are matched with the respective Z-axis support guide rails; the Z-axis support motor is fixed on the Z-axis support, and the output end of the Z-axis support motor is fixedly connected with a ball screw of the Z-axis support; a top bracket screw nut is fixed at the bottom of the top bracket, and a Z-axis bracket ball screw is matched with the top bracket screw nut; the top of the top bracket is fixed with a top bracket guide rail, the bottom of the clamp top beam is fixed with a top bracket guide rail slide block, and the top bracket guide rail slide blocks are matched with respective top bracket guide rails; the top bracket motor is fixed on the top bracket, and the output end of the top bracket motor is fixedly connected with the top bracket ball screw; a clamp top beam screw nut is fixed at the bottom of the clamp top beam, and a top support ball screw is matched with the clamp top beam screw nut; the clamp is fixed on the clamp top beam.

5. The laser and magnetorheological fluid coupled polishing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the Z-axis support motor and the top support motor are three-phase progressive motors.