CN210116215U - 可透光表皮以及包括该可透光表皮的可透光饰件 - Google Patents

可透光表皮以及包括该可透光表皮的可透光饰件 Download PDF

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CN210116215U
CN210116215U CN201920481470.2U CN201920481470U CN210116215U CN 210116215 U CN210116215 U CN 210116215U CN 201920481470 U CN201920481470 U CN 201920481470U CN 210116215 U CN210116215 U CN 210116215U
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layer
light
permeable
colored
colored layer
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王春
顾晶
孙明辉
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Shanghai Yanfeng Jinqiao Automotive Trim Systems Co Ltd
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Shanghai Yanfeng Jinqiao Automotive Trim Systems Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201920481470.2U priority Critical patent/CN210116215U/zh
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Publication of CN210116215U publication Critical patent/CN210116215U/zh
Priority to EP20787819.0A priority patent/EP3953800A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/084159 priority patent/WO2020207462A1/en
Priority to US17/495,168 priority patent/US11820287B2/en
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Abstract

本实用新型提供一种可透光表皮以及包括该可透光表皮的可透光饰件。所述可透光表皮包括至少具有顶层的第一着色层和至少具有底层的第二着色层，所述第二着色层的所述底层包括至少一个图形区域和围绕所述图形区域的***区域，围绕所述图形区域的所述***区域不透光。可透光饰件包括上述的可透光表皮以及骨架和光源。根据本实用新型的可透光表皮以及可透光饰件，应用到汽车内饰中时，大大提升了内饰的档次、装饰效果和驾乘体验。本实用新型提供了一种装饰效果更好，更新颖，更有科技感的内饰件。

Description

可透光表皮以及包括该可透光表皮的可透光饰件
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种可透光产品技术领域，更具体地涉及一种可透光表皮以及包括该可透光表皮的可透光饰件。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的不断提高，现在的汽车消费者不但对汽车在驾驶性和安全性方面有着很高的要求，而且对汽车的车内环境的要求也在不断的提高。其中，包覆汽车饰件的表皮，不但具有色彩、花纹，还能提供柔软有弹性的手感，在中高端汽车中得到了广泛的使用。如果表皮具备透光显示能力，那么就可以用于氛围照明、功能图标触控等方面。但是，目前市场上车内表皮仅能提供有限的透光显示，比如通过在表皮上设置通孔的方式，使得表皮背面的光能够穿过通孔而照亮表皮。
鉴于上述情况，目前需要设计一种新型可透光表皮。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的是提供一种可透光表皮以及包括该可透光表皮的可透光饰件，解决现有技术中汽车车内氛围灯结构单一且装饰效果较差的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本实用新型采用以下技术方案：
一种可透光表皮，包括至少具有顶层的第一着色层和至少具有底层的第二着色层。所述第二着色层的所述底层包括至少一个图形区域和围绕所述图形区域的***区域，围绕所述图形区域的所述***区域不透光。
一种可透光表皮，包括提供可透光表皮外观面的第一着色层和提供可透光表皮外观面上被照亮图形的第二着色层，以及位于第一着色层和第二着色层之间的中间层。
第二着色层包括对应被照亮图形的图形区域，所述图形区域的厚度小于***区域的厚度。
表皮是指包覆于零件的外表面，可以被司机、乘客直接接触的，正面具有特定色彩和花纹，具有一定柔软触感的薄型塑胶产品，即含有塑料材料的面料。表皮的厚度一般在0.1mm到5mm之间；优选的，表皮的厚度在0.2mm到2mm之间。
应该理解的是，这里所说的图形，可以是图像、字符、标识，即设计人员所设计的一切显示形式。
第一着色层和第二着色层均包括一层或多层。为了满足可透光表皮的外观颜色和花纹要求，第一着色层至少包括一含有颜料和/或染料的顶层；同时为了满足可透光表皮耐磨以及抗拉等力学性能要求，第一着色层还可包括至少一层加强层，该加强层位于顶层下方。
第二着色层至少包括一含有颜料和/或染料的底层。可以想到的是，为了满足可透光表皮手感及抗拉等力学性能要求，第二着色层也可包括至少一层加强层，该加强层位于底层和中间层之间。
第二着色层的底层包括图形区域，该图形区域的轮廓对应于可透光表皮被照亮时在可视面上显现的图形轮廓。该图形区域的厚度可能不均匀，但至少该图形区域的厚度小于该底层的***区域的厚度。优选的，该图形区域的厚度近似为零。
第一着色层的顶层和第二着色层的底层，虽然都有添加颜料和/或染料，但是两者是有区别的。第一着色层的顶层添加的颜料和/或染料，仅用于表现表皮的外观颜色。该颜色用于满足客户所提出的外观要求。因此，在满足客户指定的颜色要求的情况下，所加入的颜料和/或染料的浓度越低越好，以有利于可见光的透过。而且为了方便可见光的透过，该处颜料和/或染料优先选用精细尺寸的微米级及以下的尺度的，且窄分布宽度的粉料和/或液体原料，且应在该层基体材料中易于均匀分散。而第二着色层的底层添加的颜料和/或染料，仅用于屏蔽可见光的透过。因此该处所使用的颜料和/或染料，应适当增加添加比例(即提高浓度)，同时遵循廉价易获得、对可见光的屏蔽强为原则。从透光率上来讲，第一着色层的顶层的透光率，要高于相同厚度的第二着色层的底层的***区域的透光率，第二着色层的底层的***区域的透光率近似为零。本文所指的透光率，是指可见光波段的平均透过率，波段的波长范围为350nm-750nm，测试光源为D65，测试标准为GBT2410-2008之方法B：分光光度计法。
包含在第一着色层和/或第二着色层中的加强层，透光率大于或等于相同厚度的第一着色层的顶层的透光率，以有利于光透过可透光表皮。加强层相对较高的透光率，可以通过在该层材料中，少量添加、甚至不添加颜料和染料，同时选用浅色乃至无色透明的基材、助剂的方法来实现。
考虑到增加第一着色层和第二着色层的层数会增加工序、工时和成本，因而在满足上述设计目标的情况下，适当地降低第一着色层和第二着色层的总层数是有利的。第一着色层和第二着色层的合计总层数优选为2-5层，进一步优选为3-4层。如果第一着色层包括顶层和一加强层，第二着色层包括底层和一加强层，则总层数合计为4层。
中间层位于第一着色层和第二着色层之间，起优化手感的作用，并不具有颜色展示的功能。为提高可透光表皮整体的透光率，中间层的透光率大于或等于相同厚度的第一着色层的顶层的透光率。中间层相对较高的透光率，可以通过少量添加、甚至不添加颜料和染料，同时选用浅色乃至无色透明的基材、助剂的方法来实现。
中间层和加强层，较第二着色层的底层高的透光率，除提升可透光表皮的可见光透过率外，还可以方便第二着色层的底层上图形区域的加工。由于第二着色层的底层之上与其直接接触的，为加强层，或中间层。当加工图形区域、图形区域被减薄至加强层或中间层时，相异的颜色可轻易地判断该减薄操作的完成与否；而且，特别是当使用激光进行减薄加工时，加强层和中间层的更高的透光率，会使激光相对不容易在加强层和中间层上进行减薄，从而有利于激光在第二着色层的底层上获得各处接近均匀等厚的图形区域。
第二着色层的底层的图形区域与***区域具有不同的厚度，这种厚度差异容易导致在可透光表皮的正面造成视觉或触觉上的差异。为解决该情况，中间层的厚度大于或等于第二着色层的底层的厚度；进一步地，中间层的厚度优选为第二着色层的底层厚度的2倍以上。
第一着色层和第二着色层至少包括聚氨酯类、聚氯乙烯类、聚苯乙烯类、聚烯烃类、聚酯弹性体、聚酰胺类和有机硅树脂中的一种。其中，聚氨酯类可以是热固性聚氨酯，也可以是热塑性聚氨酯。聚氯乙烯类可以是聚氯乙烯混合增塑剂得到的半硬质聚氯乙烯或软质聚氯乙烯，也可以是聚氯乙烯混合橡胶如丁腈橡胶(Nitrile Butadiene Rubber，NBR)得到的聚氯乙烯弹性体。聚苯乙烯类，主要是聚苯乙烯与聚丁二烯，或聚异戊二烯、或乙丙胶形成的嵌段共聚物。聚烯烃类，可以是聚丙烯或聚乙烯，混合三元乙丙橡胶(Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer，EPDM)得到的聚烯烃弹性体(Thermoplastic olefin，TPO)或热塑性硫化橡胶(Thermoplastic Vulcanizate，TPV)，还可以是聚丙烯混合苯乙烯类嵌段共聚物的形成的弹性体。聚酯弹性体是含有聚酯硬段和聚醚或其他聚合物软段形成的嵌段共聚物。天然纤维可以是动植物及矿物纤维，化学纤维可以是人造纤维、合成纤维和无机纤维。纤维优选为植物纤维、人造纤维和合成纤维中的一种或多种。
中间层，除至少由上述聚氨酯类、聚氯乙烯类、聚苯乙烯类、聚烯烃类、聚酯弹性体、聚酰胺类和有机硅树脂中的一种制成外，还可由天然纤维和化学纤维中的一种或多种来制造。中间层，可以有一层及以上。组成某一层的材质，可以是塑胶类，如前述聚氨酯类、聚氯乙烯类、聚苯乙烯类、聚烯烃类、聚酯弹性体、聚酰胺类和有机硅树脂中的一种或多种；或为纤维类，如前述纤维；但不可为前述塑胶与前述纤维混合制成。优选的，中间层为单层，厚度为1.5mm以内。
由前述塑胶类材质制备中间层的方法，可以是将制成前述类型塑胶的树脂，与溶剂、扩链剂、促进剂等助剂配制成高固体含量的流体，经涂布、加热而硬化形成；也可以是由制成前述类型塑胶的单体，与溶剂、交联剂、固化剂，促进剂等助剂配制，然后涂布、加热硬化而形成；还可以是将上述类型的热塑性塑胶或至少是未完全三维交联固化而具备热塑形的塑胶原料通过挤出注射、流延、吹塑、压延等各种工艺方法来得到中间层薄片。考虑到回弹手感和透光性能，由所述塑胶材质制备的中间层是可以选择具有孔洞构造的。这里所说的孔洞，是指中间层的横截面通过500倍及以内的光学放大，可以观察到。孔洞可以只存在中间层内部，也可以出现在中间层表面；孔洞可以是孤立的，也可以是相互贯通的。这些孔洞可以通过化学发泡或物理发泡来制成。
由前述纤维类材质制备的中间层，为机织布和间隔织物类型。所谓间隔织物，也称为3D mesh、3D织物、三维织物、3d间隔织物、3d网眼布、三明治织物、空气层织物等，具体是指相对于常规织物，该织物具有显著的厚度，特别的在织物的正反两面层之间，还具有垂直方向排列的间隔丝。中间层，因其低密度和空隙形态，有利于可见光的穿透，同时可以赋予可透光表皮软触感和回弹性。
可透光表皮需要具备良好的力学强度，以确保在包覆部件时，进行反复的拉扯，而不至于导致该表皮变形。当中间层为前述塑胶类材质制备时，在第二着色层的背面还有衬布。衬布为天然纤维和/或化学纤维制备的机织布或三维织物。纤维优选为植物纤维、人造纤维和合成纤维中的一种或多种。机织布和三维织物，相对于相应的非织布和针织布，具有更好的力学强度和可见光透光率。
为提高可透光表皮的透光率，制备中间层和衬布的纤维纱线，可以考虑采用浅色及不添加颜料/染料的纱线；同时对于间隔织物，构成间隔织物的上下两面和垂直丝的纱线可以采用单丝，而不是复丝。
可透光表皮的着色层和中间层，可通过在特定花纹的离型膜依次涂布第一着色层、中间层、第二着色层而得到。多次涂覆之间通过加热和/或UV照射等方式进行硬化。硬化过程，可以只是物理变化，比如原料中有机溶剂、水分等物料的脱除后，只剩下固体材料而形成；也可以具有化学变化，如原料中多种成分，含有固化剂、交联剂、扩链剂、促进剂等，在热、UV等特定条件下，液体转变为固体，过程中可能还同时伴随有小分子的释放。纤维类型的中间层，可以通过将前述涂覆并硬化后得到的第一着色层、第二着色层，与纤维类型的中间层粘接复合而得到。除上述制作方法外，还可以通过其他方法来制作该多层的可透光表皮，比如多层挤出，或者通过注塑、流延、吹塑，以及后续的拉伸的方法，制备单层，然后通过粘结、热熔贴合的方法获得该多层表皮。
在不损害本实用新型设计目的的前提下，着色层和中间层还可以选择性地添加阻燃剂、紫外光吸收剂、抗老化剂、填料、润滑剂、耐摩擦剂、相容剂、交联剂、扩链剂、固化剂、反应促进剂和流动性改善剂等助剂。为了提高表皮的透光表现，除了特意添加的颜料和/或染料之外，所有的物料，均应在尽可能的情况下，优先采用无色或浅色物料；同时，其中所采用的固体助剂优选采用精细尺寸的微米级及以下的尺度的，且窄分布宽度的粉料。
一种制备可透过表皮的方法，在第二着色层上设定的图形区域通过激光雕刻、化学蚀刻、等离子体/离子/电子束减薄等方式加工而制备得到含有图形区域的可透光表皮。
本实用新型还提供一种可透光饰件，包括上述的可透光表皮、骨架和光源。根据具体需要，还可以增加缓冲层、传感器等部件，以更好地实现可透光饰件的各方面性能。
根据本实用新型，提供一种可透光表皮以及包括该可透光表皮的可透光饰件。该可透光饰件应用到汽车内饰中时，大大提升了汽车内饰的档次、装饰效果和驾乘体验。
从以下结合附图对优选实施例的详细描述中，上述优点和其它优点和特征将变得明白易懂。
附图说明
为了更完整地理解本实用新型，现在应该参考在附图中更详细示出并且下面通过本实用新型的示例描述的实施例，其中：
图1是应用了本实用新型可透光饰件的汽车内部示意图；
图2是根据本实用新型一种示例性实施例的可透光饰件的分解示意图；
图3a、3b和3c是根据本实用新型三种示例性实施例的可透光表皮各层的截面示意图；
图4为光线透过根据本实用新型一种示例性实施例的可透光表皮的示意图。
具体实施方式
如本领域的普通技术人员将理解的，参照任何一个附图示出和描述的实施例的各种特征可以与一个或更多其它附图中示出的特征组合以产生没有明确示出或描述的其它实施例。所示特征的组合为典型应用提供了代表性实施例。然而，对于特定的应用或实现，可以期望与本公开内容的教导一致的对特征进行各种组合和修改。
在本说明书中，“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等指示方向的用词仅为表述方便，而非是限制性的。
根据本实用新型的一个优选实施例，提供一种可透光饰件100，该可透光饰件100可用于汽车内部，例如图1所示的门板、仪表板、座椅，以及司机和副驾驶员之间的扶手等上，当可透光饰件100被布置在可透光饰件100内的光源照亮时，可透光饰件100的可视面上会显示出特定图形，从而起到装饰和照明效果。应当理解的是，该可透光饰件100并不仅限于汽车内部使用，也可应用于其他领域。
如图2所示，该可透光饰件100包括可透光表皮30、骨架20和光源10。
优选地，可透光表皮30与骨架20之间，还可以增加进一步提高缓冲和回弹性能的缓冲层40，该缓冲层40包括织物、无纺布和泡棉中一种或几种。
如图3a所示，在图示的实施例中，可透光表皮30包括第一着色层301、中间层302和第二着色层303。第二着色层303包括***区域303A和图形区域304。如图3b所示，在图示的实施例中，可透光表皮30的第一着色层301为两层，包括顶层301A和其下方的加强层301B。如图3c所示，在图示的实施例中，可透光表皮30的第二着色层303为两层，包括底层303A和其上方的加强层303B。在图3a至图3c中，均示出了第二着色层303包括***区域303A和图形区域304，***区域303A围绕图形区域304。图3a中的第一着色层301、图3b中的第一着色层301的顶层301A和图3c中的第一着色层301A，添加有颜料和/或染料，为司机、乘客所能观察到的可透光表皮30的外观颜色，以满足客户对颜色的要求。控制所添加的颜料和/或染料的浓度，可以允许可见光透过。图3a中的中间层302、图3b中的第一着色层301的加强层301B、中间层302和图3c中的中间层302和第二着色层303的加强层303B，均不添加颜料和/或染料，以提高可透光表皮30对可见光的透过率。
如图4所示，当光源10发出可见光时，光线只能穿过第二着色层303的图形区域304、然后依次穿过中间层302和第一着色层301(包括301B和301A)，从而透过的光60在第一着色层301的外表面形成设定的图形。
本领域技术人员将从这样的讨论中以及从附图和权利要求中容易认识到，在不脱离由以下权利要求定义的本实用新型的真实精神和合理范围的情况下，可以在其中进行各种改变、修改和变化。

Claims (11)

1.一种可透光表皮，其特征在于，所述可透光表皮包括至少具有顶层的第一着色层和至少具有底层的第二着色层，所述第二着色层的所述底层包括至少一个图形区域和围绕所述图形区域的***区域，围绕所述图形区域的所述***区域不透光。
2.如权利要求1所述的可透光表皮，其特征在于，所述可透光表皮还包括位于所述第一着色层和所述第二着色层之间的中间层。
3.如权利要求2所述的可透光表皮，其特征在于，所述第一着色层还包括位于所述顶层与所述中间层之间的至少一层加强层，和/或，所述第二着色层还包括位于所述底层与所述中间层之间的至少一层加强层。
4.如权利要求3所述的可透光表皮，其特征在于，对于相同厚度的各层，所述中间层和所述加强层的透光率均大于或等于所述第一着色层的所述顶层的透光率，所述第一着色层的所述顶层的透光率大于所述第二着色层的所述底层的所述***区域的透光率。
5.如权利要求2所述的可透光表皮，其特征在于，所述中间层的厚度大于或等于所述第二着色层的所述底层的厚度。
6.如权利要求5所述的可透光表皮，其特征在于，所述中间层的厚度为所述第二着色层的所述底层的厚度的2倍以上。
7.如权利要求2所述的可透光表皮，其特征在于，所述第一着色层和所述第二着色层为塑胶材料，包括聚氨酯类、聚氯乙烯类、聚苯乙烯类、聚烯烃类、聚酯弹性体、聚酰胺、有机硅树脂中的一种；所述中间层为塑胶材料，包括聚氨酯类、聚氯乙烯类、聚苯乙烯类、聚烯烃类、聚酯弹性体、聚酰胺、有机硅树脂中的一种，或者所述中间层是由天然纤维和/或化学纤维制成的机织布或三维织物。
8.如权利要求7所述的可透光表皮，其特征在于，当所述中间层为塑胶材料时，所述第二着色层的背面还设置有衬布，所述衬布为机织布或三维织物。
9.如权利要求1所述的可透光表皮，其特征在于，所述图形区域的厚度小于所述***区域的厚度。
10.如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的可透光表皮，其特征在于，所述第二着色层的所述图形区域是通过激光雕刻、化学蚀刻、离子/电子束减薄的方式加工而成的。
11.一种可透光饰件，其特征在于，所述可透光饰件包括如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的可透光表皮，以及骨架和光源。
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