CN209994110U - NMOS tube-based reverse connection prevention protection circuit for vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply - Google Patents
NMOS tube-based reverse connection prevention protection circuit for vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN209994110U CN209994110U CN201920818479.8U CN201920818479U CN209994110U CN 209994110 U CN209994110 U CN 209994110U CN 201920818479 U CN201920818479 U CN 201920818479U CN 209994110 U CN209994110 U CN 209994110U
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Abstract
The embodiment of the utility model provides an on-vehicle DC power supply prevents reverse protection circuit based on NMOS pipe, include: the NMOS tube-based reverse connection prevention protection circuit for the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply comprises: the circuit comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a capacitor C1, a triode Q2, a diode D1, a voltage regulator tube D2, an NMOS tube Q1 and a bootstrap booster circuit; the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with one end of the resistor R3, the emitter electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the anode of the diode D1, the other end of the R3 is connected with the cathode of the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode of the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply; the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the negative electrode of a voltage regulator tube D2, the grid of an NMOS tube Q1, the output end of the bootstrap booster circuit and one end of a resistor R1; the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode of the voltage regulator tube D2 and the source of the NMOS tube Q1; the drain electrode of the NMOS tube Q1 is connected with a load; the resistor R2 and the capacitor C1 are connected in parallel and are connected in series between the other end of the resistor R1 and GND.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an electronic circuit technical field especially relates to an on-vehicle DC power supply prevents reverse-connection protection circuit based on NMOS pipe.
Background
The vehicle-mounted storage battery is one of direct current power supplies, and is a polarized power supply, one end of the output power supply is a positive electrode, and the other end of the output power supply is a negative electrode. In order to prevent misconnection, an anti-reverse connection protection circuit is adopted in the industry, the anti-reverse connection protection circuit is usually used as a direct current power supply input anti-reverse connection protection circuit in a high-voltage low-current circuit, and the anti-reverse connection protection is realized by utilizing the unidirectional conductive characteristic of a diode, and is generally realized by adopting an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistor in a low-voltage high-current circuit. The MOS tube can be used for realizing two ways, one is reverse connection prevention of PMOS on the positive electrode of a power supply, such as CN201620145070.0, a circuit related to a reverse connection prevention protection circuit of a direct current power supply, the PMOS realizes reverse connection prevention on the positive electrode of the power supply, the source electrode of the PMOS is connected with the first end of a first resistor, the common end of the PMOS and the first resistor is used as the first output end of the reverse connection prevention circuit to be connected with the first end of a load, the grid electrode of the MOS is connected with the second end of the first resistor, and the common end of the MOS is used as the second output end of the reverse connection prevention circuit to be connected with the second end of the; the NMOS realizes reverse connection prevention on the negative electrode of the power supply, and comprises a terminal I, a terminal II, a terminal III, a terminal IV, a resistor, a capacitor, a diode, a voltage stabilizing tube and an NMOS tube, wherein the terminal I is connected with the terminal III and is connected with the anode of the diode, the cathode of the diode is connected with one end of the resistor, the other end of the resistor is connected with the grid electrode of the NMOS tube and the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube, the anode of the voltage stabilizing tube is connected with the drain electrode of the NMOS tube, one end of the capacitor and the terminal IV, the source electrode of the NMOS tube is connected with the other end of the capacitor and the terminal III, the terminal I is connected with the output anode end of the direct-current power supply, the terminal II is connected with the output cathode end of the direct-current power supply, the terminal III is connected with the anode input end of the load, and the terminal IV. The three modes have respective advantages and disadvantages: diodes are suitable for low current circuits due to their low power and the system operating voltage range can be low due to the diode voltage drop. When the NMOS tube is used for reverse connection prevention protection at the negative electrode of the power supply, mutual communication exists particularly in different controllers, and the problem of ground drift caused by the internal resistance Rds (on) of the MOS tube during high current needs to be particularly noticed, so that communication errors among equipment are easily caused. The PMOS tube has higher cost than an NMOS tube when the positive electrode of the power supply is used for protection, and the overcurrent capacity of the PMOS tube is limited and can not generate excessive current. In addition, the above modes do not detect the state of the anti-reverse connection MOS tube.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by those skilled in the art is to find a way for preventing polarity reversal with better cost performance.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing an on-vehicle DC power supply prevents reverse protection circuit based on NMOS pipe.
The NMOS tube-based reverse connection prevention protection circuit for the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply comprises: the circuit comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a capacitor C1, a triode Q2, a diode D1, a voltage regulator tube D2, an NMOS tube Q1 and a bootstrap booster circuit;
the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with one end of the resistor R3, the emitter electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the anode of the diode D1, the other end of the R3 is connected with the cathode of the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode of the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply;
the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the negative electrode of a voltage regulator tube D2, the grid of an NMOS tube Q1, the output end of the bootstrap booster circuit and one end of a resistor R1;
the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode of the voltage regulator tube D2 and the source of the NMOS tube Q1; the drain electrode of the NMOS tube Q1 is connected with a load;
the resistor R2 and the capacitor C1 are connected in parallel and are connected in series between the other end of the resistor R1 and GND.
Preferably, the sum of the conduction voltage drop of the diode D1 and the turn-on voltage drop of the transistor Q2 is lower than Vgs of an NMOS transistor Q1(TH)。
Preferably, one end of the capacitor C1 is further connected to an AD acquisition interface of the vehicle-mounted MCU.
Preferably, the capacitor C1 is a filter capacitor.
Preferably, the input end of the bootstrap boost circuit is connected with the vehicle-mounted MCU, and receives the fixed-frequency PWM signal input by the vehicle-mounted MCU.
Preferably, when the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply is reversely connected, Vgs of the NMOS transistor Q1 is smaller than the turn-on threshold voltage of the NMOS transistor Q1, and the NMOS transistor Q1 is turned off.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an on-vehicle DC power supply prevents reverse protection circuit based on NMOS pipe utilizes the high efficiency of NMOS pipe, low calorific capacity, price low, switches on the characteristics that the internal resistance is little, realizes the function of polarity reversal on the anodal entry of power to consider vehicle mounted power's characteristics in concrete realization, increased some special protection and state monitoring, realize the reliable polarity reversal function that prevents.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of an anti-reverse connection protection circuit of an on-vehicle dc power supply based on an NMOS transistor provided by the embodiment of the utility model.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an on-vehicle DC power supply prevents reverse protection circuit based on NMOS pipe, as shown in figure 1, include: the circuit comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a capacitor C1, a triode Q2, a diode D1, a voltage regulator tube D2, an NMOS tube Q1 and a bootstrap booster circuit;
the connection relationship of the circuit is as follows:
a base electrode of a triode Q2(NPN tube) is connected with one end of a resistor R3, an emitting electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the anode of a diode D1, the other end of the R3 is connected with the cathode of a vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode of the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply; the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the negative electrode of a voltage regulator tube D2, the grid of an N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) tube Q1, the output end of the bootstrap booster circuit and one end of a resistor R1; the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode of the voltage regulator tube D2 and the source of the NMOS tube Q1; the drain electrode of the NMOS tube Q1 is connected with a load; the resistor R2 and the capacitor C1 are connected in parallel and are connected in series between the other end of the resistor R1 and a zero potential reference point GND. One end of the capacitor C1 is also connected with an AD acquisition interface of a vehicle-mounted Micro Control Unit (MCU); the input end of the bootstrap booster circuit is connected with the vehicle-mounted MCU and used for receiving a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal with fixed frequency input by the vehicle-mounted MCU.
The utility model discloses a circuit is connected NMOS pipe Q1 at on-vehicle DC power supply positive pole, has solved among the prior art and has inserted the ground that the NMOS pipe can cause and float the problem at on-vehicle DC power supply negative pole. Because the NMOS tube is connected to the negative electrode of the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply, the reference potential of the signal becomes GND plus the voltage obtained by multiplying the internal resistance of the NMOS tube when the NMOS tube is started by the current, namely GND + Vds (on) 0+ Vds (on), and if the device which is connected in the mode in the reverse connection prevention mode is communicated with other devices which are directly connected with GND as the reference, the reference levels of the two devices are inconsistent, so that the communication error of the small signal is caused.
The operation and working principle of each part of the circuit in the above circuit configuration of the present invention will be described below.
One end of the resistor R3 is connected with the negative electrode of the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply, and the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q2, so that when the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply is reversely connected, the base electrode of the triode Q2 is limited by the resistor R3, and the triode Q2 is prevented from being burnt out when the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply is directly reversely connected.
The base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with one end of the resistor R3, the emitter electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the anode of the diode D1, and the collector electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the cathode of the voltage regulator tube D2, the grid electrode of the NMOS tube Q1, the output end of the bootstrap booster circuit and one end of the resistor R1, so that when the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply is reversely connected, Vgs of the NMOS tube Q1 is limited below the threshold voltage of the NMOS tube Q1, and reliable closing of the NMOS tube Q1 is guaranteed.
The anode of the diode D1 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q2, and the cathode is connected with the anode of the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply, and the diode D1 is used for preventing the transient high voltage of the vehicle-mounted power supply from breaking down the Q2. However, the introduction of the diode can increase the voltage difference between the grid and the source of the NMOS transistor Q1 when the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply is reversely connected, so that the sum of the conduction voltage drop of the diode D1 and the turn-on voltage drop of the triode Q2 needs to be lower than Vgs of Q1(TH)。
The anode of the voltage-stabilizing diode D2 is connected with the anode of the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply, and the cathode of the voltage-stabilizing diode D2 is connected with the collector of the triode Q2, the grid of the NMOS tube Q1, the output end of the bootstrap booster circuit and one end of the resistor R1. The function of the bootstrap booster circuit is to keep the output voltage of the bootstrap booster circuit and the source of the NMOS transistor Q1 stable, and at the same time, limit the voltage difference not to exceed the gate limit voltage of Q1, so as to prevent gate breakdown.
The input end of the bootstrap booster circuit is used for inputting a PWM signal with fixed frequency by a vehicle-mounted MCU, and the output end of the bootstrap booster circuit is connected with a collector of Q2, a grid of Q1, a negative electrode of D2 and one end of R1 so as to generate grid voltage for reliably opening an NMOS transistor Q1.
One end of the resistor R1 is connected with the negative electrode of the voltage regulator tube D2, the collector of the triode Q2, the grid of the NMOS tube Q1 and the output end of the bootstrap booster circuit, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the resistor R2 and the capacitor C1, the resistor R2 is connected with the capacitor C1 in parallel, the other ends of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1 are connected with GND, the resistor R1 has the function of collecting the output voltage of the bootstrap booster circuit, namely the grid voltage of the NMOS tube Q1 in a voltage dividing mode, and the grid state of the. Through the level after the partial pressure, utilize MCU's AD to gather the current state, if gather when bootstrapping boost circuit voltage and on-vehicle DC power supply voltage difference be greater than certain threshold value (confirm this value according to the model of specific MOS pipe), then think that bootstrapping boost circuit is normal, MOS reliably opens. The threshold value can be set to be about 2 times of the turn-on voltage of the MOS tube.
Electric capacity C1, one termination GND, one termination vehicle MCU's AD gathers the mouth, and the effect is for carrying out the filtering to gathering voltage signal, prevents that abnormal interference from resulting in gathering the error.
The reverse connection prevention NMOS tube Q1 is adopted, a source electrode is directly connected with a negative electrode of a diode D1, a positive electrode of a voltage regulator tube D2 and a positive electrode of a vehicle-mounted direct current power supply, a grid electrode is connected with a negative electrode of a voltage regulator tube D2, a collector electrode of a triode Q2, an output end of a bootstrap booster circuit and one end of a resistor R1, a drain electrode is connected with a load, the reverse connection prevention NMOS tube is used for providing power supply for the load when the circuit normally works, when the vehicle-mounted direct current power supply is in reverse connection, clamping of the triode Q2 is used for ensuring reliable closing of the NMOS in reverse connection, and therefore reliable closing of. And when the bootstrap booster circuit does not work, the NMOS tube Q1 supplies power to the rear stage through the body diode, and after the MCU system works, the NMOS tube Q1 is reliably turned on, and then the power can be supplied to the rear stage heavy current load.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a prevent reverse connection protection circuit based on NMOS pipe on-vehicle DC power supply, through will prevent reverse connection NMOS pipe Q1 and place in on-vehicle DC power supply's positive pole, reduce and place it on-vehicle DC power supply negative pole and the influence of floating on the ground that brings; by adopting the NMOS reverse connection prevention design of the anode of the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply, the conduction internal resistance can be reduced, the heating value can be reduced, and higher bus current can be borne. Meanwhile, the state monitoring of the reverse connection prevention NMOS tube Q1 is added, and the reverse connection prevention reliability is improved. The use of NMOS transistors may further reduce costs relative to the use of PMOS transistors.
It should be noted that the circuit shown in fig. 1 is only a preferred implementation manner of the present invention, and is used for reverse connection protection of a dc power supply on the basis of the concept of the present invention, a transistor Q2 shown in the figure and used for clamping may not be limited to a transistor, and may also be used for clamping when a MOS transistor or other modes keep reverse connection, and the monitoring of the gate states of a bootstrap boost circuit and the MOS transistor may also be monitored by using a common IO port, and the control mode of the bootstrap boost circuit module may be implemented by using an IO port to control a boost chip or other modes.
The above-mentioned embodiments, further detailed description of the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, it should be understood that the above description is only the embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a vehicle-mounted direct current power supply prevents reverse connection protection circuit based on NMOS pipe which characterized in that, vehicle-mounted direct current power supply prevents reverse connection protection circuit based on NMOS pipe includes: the circuit comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a capacitor C1, a triode Q2, a diode D1, a voltage regulator tube D2, an NMOS tube Q1 and a bootstrap booster circuit;
the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with one end of the resistor R3, the emitter electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the anode of the diode D1, the other end of the R3 is connected with the cathode of the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode of the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply;
the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the negative electrode of a voltage regulator tube D2, the grid of an NMOS tube Q1, the output end of the bootstrap booster circuit and one end of a resistor R1;
the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode of the voltage regulator tube D2 and the source of the NMOS tube Q1; the drain electrode of the NMOS tube Q1 is connected with a load;
the resistor R2 and the capacitor C1 are connected in parallel and are connected in series between the other end of the resistor R1 and GND.
2. The NMOS transistor-based vehicle-mounted reverse-connection-prevention protection circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sum of the conduction voltage drop of a diode D1 and the turn-on voltage drop of a transistor Q2 is lower than Vgs of an NMOS transistor Q1(TH)。
3. The NMOS tube-based vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply reverse connection prevention protection circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein one end of the capacitor C1 is further connected with an AD acquisition interface of a vehicle-mounted MCU.
4. The NMOS transistor-based vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply reverse connection prevention protection circuit as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the capacitor C1 is a filter capacitor.
5. The NMOS tube-based vehicular direct-current power supply reverse connection prevention protection circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein an input end of the bootstrap booster circuit is connected with a vehicular MCU, and receives a PWM signal with fixed frequency input by the vehicular MCU.
6. The NMOS transistor-based reverse-connection-prevention protection circuit for the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply is in reverse connection, Vgs of an NMOS transistor Q1 is smaller than an NMOS transistor Q1 opening threshold voltage, and the NMOS transistor Q1 is closed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920818479.8U CN209994110U (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2019-05-31 | NMOS tube-based reverse connection prevention protection circuit for vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201920818479.8U CN209994110U (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2019-05-31 | NMOS tube-based reverse connection prevention protection circuit for vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply |
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| CN209994110U true CN209994110U (en) | 2020-01-24 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112421594A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-26 | 深圳佑驾创新科技有限公司 | Input protection circuit and vehicle-mounted generator |
| CN112510672A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-16 | 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 | Reverse connection prevention follow current protection circuit and terminal |
| CN113659818A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-16 | 深圳信息职业技术学院 | Ideal diode circuit |
-
2019
- 2019-05-31 CN CN201920818479.8U patent/CN209994110U/en active Active
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112421594A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-26 | 深圳佑驾创新科技有限公司 | Input protection circuit and vehicle-mounted generator |
| CN112510672A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-16 | 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 | Reverse connection prevention follow current protection circuit and terminal |
| CN112510672B (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2023-01-13 | 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 | Reverse connection prevention follow current protection circuit and terminal |
| CN113659818A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-16 | 深圳信息职业技术学院 | Ideal diode circuit |
| CN113659818B (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2023-04-18 | 深圳信息职业技术学院 | Ideal diode circuit |
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Address after: B4-006, maker Plaza, 338 East Street, Huilongguan town, Changping District, Beijing 100096 Patentee after: Beijing Idriverplus Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: B4-006, maker Plaza, 338 East Street, Huilongguan town, Changping District, Beijing 100096 Patentee before: Beijing Idriverplus Technology Co.,Ltd. |