CN209989145U - Ecological permeable dam suitable for mountain area small watershed river course quality of water intensification purifies - Google Patents
Ecological permeable dam suitable for mountain area small watershed river course quality of water intensification purifies Download PDFInfo
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- CN209989145U CN209989145U CN201920425804.4U CN201920425804U CN209989145U CN 209989145 U CN209989145 U CN 209989145U CN 201920425804 U CN201920425804 U CN 201920425804U CN 209989145 U CN209989145 U CN 209989145U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a water environment treatment field discloses the ecological permeable dam that is applicable to mountain area small watershed river course water quality enhancement purification, ecological permeable dam is located the mountain area small watershed river course of no navigation, the section that ecological permeable dam and water flow direction are parallel is trapezoidal, ecological permeable dam includes ecological interception purification layer (1) of low water permeability and ecological interception purification layer (2) of high water permeability, ecological interception purification layer (1) of low water permeability is located the bottom of ecological permeable dam, the top elevation of ecological interception purification layer (1) of low water permeability is higher than the water level 10 ~ 30cm of the dry season of the position built of ecological interception purification layer (1) of low water permeability; the high water permeability ecological interception purification layer (2) is positioned on the upper layer of the ecological permeable dam. The utility model discloses can form aquatic ecosystem at whole dam body top layer fast, stable and long-term performance is used. The ecological permeable dam has the advantages of reasonable design, smooth drainage and low construction cost.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a water environment administers the field, especially relates to ecological permeable dam who is applicable to purification is reinforceed to mountain area small watershed river course quality of water.
Background
At present, many areas in China face the problems of serious river pollution, poor water quality, water ecological degradation, poor water self-purification capacity and the like, the functions of water supply, ecological landscape and the like of the river are seriously affected, and the enhancement of treatment is urgently needed. A great deal of research and engineering practice at home and abroad shows that the treatment of the river water environment needs to reduce the pollution emission caused by industrial and agricultural production and resident life from the source and also needs to adopt effective measures on the river to improve or strengthen the self-purification function of the river. Unlike river channels in flat source areas, river channels in small watershed in mountainous areas usually have the characteristics of steep slope, short confluence time, large flow rate and water level change and the like, and flood disasters are easy to occur, so that canalization measures such as embankment construction, flood control and bank protection are generally adopted for treating the river channels for a long time. However, the canalization treatment of the river channel inevitably damages the habitat conditions and the water ecosystem of the river channel, and the self-cleaning capacity and the water ecological bearing capacity of the river channel are also seriously affected.
The ecological permeable dam is an ecological pollution intercepting and purifying technology which is increasingly emphasized in recent years, is applied to river regulation, and generally utilizes natural soil and stone materials (such as sand, gravel, rock block, broken stone and the like) as construction materials, forms a dam body through artificial stacking or mechanical rolling, then arranges aquatic plants on the dam body, and intercepts and purifies water quality by utilizing the functions of absorption of the aquatic plants, adsorption and filtration of the construction materials, degradation and conversion of attached microorganisms and the like, so that the ecological permeable dam has obvious advantages in the aspects of construction cost, pollution purification and the like compared with the traditional reinforced concrete dam.
Similar to ecological technologies based on media or fillers, such as artificial wetlands, ecological filter tanks and the like, the pollution interception and purification capacity and the continuity of the ecological permeable dams are influenced by internal factors such as construction materials (types, grading, construction modes and the like), configured aquatic plants (types, configuration modes, planting modes and the like), dam body configurations and structural dimensions (such as the dimensions of a cross section and a longitudinal section), hydrology (such as water level change, flow change and the like), river-entering pollution characteristics (such as river-entering pollution amount and time-space change rule) and the like. However, engineering investigation finds that the existing ecological permeable dam technology has a good pollution intercepting and purifying effect in practical application within a period of time after construction, but the problems of rare vegetation, dam body blockage, water short circuit and the like occur after long-term operation, so that the pollution intercepting and purifying effect is low, and the influence on flood discharge and drainage of river channels is different.
The application number 201620023870.5 is a utility model patent, which discloses an ecological permeable dam, the vertical structure comprises a foundation stable layer, a strengthening treatment layer, a vegetation planting layer and a vegetation stable layer from bottom to top, the cross section is trapezoidal, the gradient coefficient is 1:1-1:2.5, the foundation stable layer is made of reinforced concrete, the height of the underground part is 1M, the height of the overground part is 200MM, the strengthening treatment layer is constructed by filling gravel or ceramsite or a gabion grid mode, the vegetation stable layer is formed by filling soil, sand mixture or natural soil, the vegetation stable layer is constructed by the gabion grid mode according to a 'field' shape, the gabion grid is filled with gravel, and emergent aquatic plants (canna, iris, loosestrife and the like) are planted in the 'field' shape grid. According to the technical scheme, the plant purification system can be formed on the upper part of a part of the vegetation stabilizing layer (namely the spacing zones between the gabion grids of the vegetation stabilizing layer), and the washing of flood to aquatic plants can be better avoided (if the aquatic plants are planted in stone gaps in the gabion grids, the aquatic plants are easily washed away by torrent), however, the technical scheme disclosed by the patent has the defects in the aspect of construction: (1) the vegetation stabilizing layer is filled with soil, sand mixture or natural soil material, which is easy to permeate into the strengthening treatment layer to cause blockage, and the vegetation stabilizing layer loses stability due to the loss of filler in the vegetation stabilizing layer positioned at the lower layer; (2) the aquatic vegetation coverage is low, and the aquatic vegetation is formed only in the gap area without the gabion grids on the vegetation stabilizing layer; (3) if the dam is applied to mountainous rivers and particularly in dry seasons, due to the fact that the slope ratio coefficient of the cross section of the dam body is designed to be too high (1:1-1:2.5), river water is likely to flow through the strengthening treatment layer and cannot enter the vegetation stabilizing layer, and aquatic plants on the vegetation stabilizing layer face the risk of water shortage and withering. The defects of the structure inevitably bring the problems of large dam body safety risk, very limited pollution interception and purification capacity, weak ecological function and the like, and in addition, the basic stable layer of the technical scheme is formed by reinforced concrete (wherein the height of an underground part is 1M, and the height of an overground part is 200MM), and the construction cost is relatively high.
Therefore, an ecological permeable dam with low cost, good interception and purification effects and stable effect is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model discloses to the shortcoming that pollution interception purifying effect is low after the longer period operation among the prior art, provide the ecological permeable dam who is applicable to mountain area small watershed river course quality of water and strengthens purifying.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a following technical scheme can solve:
the ecological permeable dam is suitable for strengthening and purifying the water quality of a river channel in a small watershed of a mountainous area, the ecological permeable dam is positioned in the river channel in the small watershed of the mountainous area without navigation, the section of the ecological permeable dam parallel to the water flow direction is trapezoidal, the ecological permeable dam comprises a low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer and a high-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer, and the low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer is positioned at the bottom layer of the ecological permeable dam; preferably, the width of the top of the ecological permeable dam is 1/5-1/2 of the depth of the river at the position of the ecological permeable dam in the rich water period, and the slope ratio of the upstream slope of the ecological permeable dam is 1: 1.5-3, the slope ratio of the back water slope of the ecological permeable dam is 1: 3 to 8. In the dry season, the flow rate of the river channel is low, but due to the emission of river pollution, the concentration of pollutants in the river channel is often high, the arrangement of the ecological intercepting and purifying layer with low water permeability and the determination of the elevation (10-30 cm higher than the water level in the dry season) and the construction material with specific particle size, can properly improve the upstream water level in the dry period, on one hand, can ensure that water flow flows through the layer to be purified evenly, on the other hand, can ensure that submerged plants in the plant growth layer paved on the surface of the layer are always immersed in water to grow normally and exert continuous purification function, when the flow of the river channel is larger and the water level is higher, the low-permeability ecological interception and purification layer of the utility model also plays a role, and at the moment, the high-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer which has a specific height and is constructed by adopting materials with specific particle sizes intercepts and purifies pollutants in the river water passing through the low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer.
Preferably, the low-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer comprises a low-permeability ecological concrete layer and a submerged plant type vegetation layer, the submerged plant type vegetation layer is laid and fixed on the surface of the low-permeability ecological concrete layer, and the submerged plant type vegetation layer is composed of a geotechnical mat and submerged plants fixedly planted on the geotechnical mat.
Preferably, the high-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer comprises a high-water-permeability ecological gabion layer and an emergent aquatic plant type vegetation layer, the high-water-permeability ecological gabion layer is formed by stacking a plurality of ecological gabions, each ecological gabion comprises a gabion net and stone filled in the gabion net, the stone is pebbles, broken stones or gravels with the size of 40-90 mm in continuous grading, the emergent aquatic plant type vegetation layer is laid and fixed on the surface of the high-water-permeability ecological gabion layer, and the emergent aquatic plant type vegetation layer is composed of a geotechnical mat and emergent aquatic plant propagules fixedly planted on the geotechnical mat. Wherein the gabion mesh is formed by twisting and weaving low-carbon galvanized steel wires. The emergent aquatic plant propagules are one or more of seeds, root tubers, bulbs or seedlings of loosestrife, evergreen aquatic iris and arundo donax.
Preferably, the low water permeability ecological concrete layer is constructed by piling 10mm to 40mm continuous graded pebbles, crushed stones or gravels and then spraying cement slurry, or the low water permeability ecological concrete layer is constructed by stirring 10mm to 45mm continuous graded pebbles, crushed stones or gravels and cement slurry. If the design is unreasonable for ecological permeable dam, jam often appears after long-time operation, leads to the interception purifying effect variation, the utility model discloses on ecological concrete, cement grout, geotechnological mat and biological filter technical basis, adopt the mode of sprinkling irrigation cement thick liquid or building stones and cement thick liquid to build low water permeability ecological concrete layer (being located the bottom) in the building stones heap of specific gradation, when realizing that the dam body is firm, effectively avoided the direct building of building stones to lead to blockking up because of hydraulic shock wearing and tearing, removal. The cement slurry comprises, by mass, 58-65% of cement, 34-40% of water and 1-2% of calcium chloride.
Preferably, the elevation of the top of the low-water-permeability ecological interception and purification layer is 10-30 cm higher than the water level of the built position in the dry season; the high-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer is positioned on the upper layer of the ecological permeable dam, and the distance between the top and the bottom of the high-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer is 30-50% of the difference height between the water level of the built position in the rich water period and the water level of the low water period.
Preferably, the initial planting density of the submerged plant is 20-200 plants/m2. The submerged plant is one or more of herba Swertiae Dilutae, waterweed, and Goldfish algae.
Preferably, the thickness of the geotechnical mat is 0.3-2.5 cm. The geotechnical mat is made of geotechnical material which is made by using plastic as a base material and through the processes of silk disordering, melting and lapping.
Preferably, in order to ensure that flowing water flows through the ecological permeable dam uniformly as much as possible for purification, the river reach within 50m of the upstream of the ecological permeable dam needs to be subjected to matrix leveling; in order to reduce the influence on river flood discharge as much as possible, the ecological permeable dam is built in a river section with obvious slope or a river section with a relatively wide river; in order to avoid the pollution of entering a river to be diluted by river water to the greatest extent and cause unsatisfactory intercepting and purifying effects, the ecological permeable dam is built at the downstream of a river section where farmland water discharge and village domestic sewage or rainwater are relatively concentrated in river discharge ports.
The utility model discloses owing to adopted above technical scheme, have apparent technological effect: the utility model discloses can form the aquatic ecosystem including emergent water and benthophyte on whole dam body top layer fast, even if at the aquatic plant planting initial stage and the difficult rivers of long-time torrent state of being difficult for washing away. In addition, the adopted geotechnical mat is made of geotechnical materials which are processed by using plastic as a base material through silk-disordering melting and lapping, the service life can be as long as more than 20 years, and the stability of the water-permeable dam aquatic ecosystem can be ensured and the function can be played for a long time. Ecological permeable dam reasonable in design can the drainage unobstructed, even if also can not be because of in rich water period the utility model provides an ecological permeable dam's construction leads to waterlogging. A high-water-permeability ecological interception and purification layer which is constructed by materials with specific particle sizes and has a specific height intercepts and purifies pollutants in river water passing through the low-water-permeability ecological interception and purification layer; the utility model discloses the material that adopts that builds low-priced easily gets main raw and other materials and can draw materials in situ, and the operation of building of ecological dam is also very simple and easy, has reduced construction cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
The names of the parts indicated by the numerical references in the above figures are as follows: wherein, 1-low water permeability ecological interception purification layer, 2-high water permeability ecological interception purification layer, 11-low water permeability ecological concrete layer, 12-submerged plant type vegetation layer, 121-submerged plant, 21-high water permeability ecological gabion layer, 22-emergent aquatic plant type vegetation layer and 221-emergent aquatic plant propagule.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
An ecological permeable dam suitable for strengthening and purifying water quality of a river channel of a small watershed of a mountainous area is disclosed, as shown in figure 1, the ecological permeable dam is positioned in the river channel of the small watershed of the mountainous area without navigation, the section of the ecological permeable dam parallel to the water flow direction is trapezoidal, the ecological permeable dam comprises a low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 1 and a high-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 2, the low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 1 is positioned at the bottom layer of the ecological permeable dam, and the top elevation of the low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 1 is higher than the water level of the low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and; the high-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 2 is positioned on the upper layer of the ecological permeable dam, and the distance between the top and the bottom of the high-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 2 is 40% of the difference height between the water level of the built position in the rich water period and the water level of the low water period.
The ecological interception of low water permeability purifies layer 1 includes low water permeability ecological concrete layer 11 and benthophyte type plant and grows the layer 12, and benthophyte type plants and grows layer 12 and lays and fix on the surface of low water permeability ecological concrete layer 11, and benthophyte type plants and grows layer 12 and comprises geotechnological mat pad and the benthophyte 121 of field planting at geotechnological mat pad.
Ecological interception of high water permeability purifies layer 2 and includes the ecological gabion layer 21 of high water permeability and emergent aquatic plant type vegetation layer 22, the ecological gabion layer 21 of high water permeability is formed by a plurality of ecological gabion piles, ecological gabion includes the gabion net and fills the building stones in the gabion net, the gabion net is twisted by low carbon galvanized steel wire and is compiled and form, the building stones is 65 mm's cobble of continuous gradation, rubble or gravel, emergent aquatic plant type vegetation layer 22 lays and fixes on the surface at the ecological gabion layer 21 of high water permeability, emergent aquatic plant type vegetation layer 22 comprises geotechnological mat pad and the emergent aquatic plant propagule 221 of field planting at geotechnological mat pad.
The low-permeability ecological concrete layer 11 is constructed by piling 25 mm-sized continuous pebbles, broken stones or gravels and then spraying and filling cement slurry, or the low-permeability ecological concrete layer 11 is constructed by stirring 27 mm-sized continuous pebbles, broken stones or gravels and cement slurry.
The cement slurry comprises 61% of cement, 38% of water and 1% of calcium chloride in percentage by mass.
The submerged plant 121 is one or more of herba Swertiae Dilutae, waterweed, and Goldfish algae, and the initial planting density of the submerged plant 121 is 110 strains/m2。
The emergent aquatic plant propagules 221 are one or more of seeds, root tubers, bulbs or seedlings of loosestrife, evergreen aquatic iris and arundo donax.
The geotechnical mat is made of geotechnical materials which are processed by random fiber fusion lapping by using plastic as a base material, and the thickness of the geotechnical mat is 1.4 cm.
The width of the top of the ecological permeable dam is 1/3 of the depth of the river at the position of the ecological permeable dam in the rich water period, and the slope ratio of the upstream slope of the ecological permeable dam is 1: 2.2, the slope ratio of the backwater slope of the ecological permeable dam is 1: 5.5.
example 2
An ecological permeable dam suitable for strengthening and purifying water quality of a river channel of a small watershed of a mountainous area is disclosed, as shown in figure 1, the ecological permeable dam is positioned in the river channel of the small watershed of the mountainous area without navigation, the section of the ecological permeable dam parallel to the water flow direction is trapezoidal, the ecological permeable dam comprises a low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 1 and a high-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 2, the low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 1 is positioned at the bottom layer of the ecological permeable dam, and the top elevation of the low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 1 is higher than the water level of the low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and; the high-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 2 is positioned on the upper layer of the ecological permeable dam, and the distance between the top and the bottom of the high-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 2 is 30% of the difference height between the water level of the built position in the rich water period and the water level of the low water period.
The ecological interception of low water permeability purifies layer 1 includes low water permeability ecological concrete layer 11 and benthophyte type plant and grows the layer 12, and benthophyte type plants and grows layer 12 and lays and fix on the surface of low water permeability ecological concrete layer 11, and benthophyte type plants and grows layer 12 and comprises geotechnological mat pad and the benthophyte 121 of field planting at geotechnological mat pad.
Ecological interception of high water permeability purifies layer 2 and includes the ecological gabion layer 21 of high water permeability and emergent aquatic plant type vegetation layer 22, the ecological gabion layer 21 of high water permeability is formed by a plurality of ecological gabion piles, ecological gabion includes the gabion net and fills the building stones in the gabion net, the gabion net is twisted by low carbon galvanized steel wire and is compiled and form, the building stones is 40 mmmm's of continuous gradation, rubble or gravel, emergent aquatic plant type vegetation layer 22 is laid and is fixed on the surface at the ecological gabion layer 21 of high water permeability, emergent aquatic plant type vegetation layer 22 comprises geotechnological mat pad and emergent aquatic plant propagule 221 of field planting at geotechnological mat pad.
The low-permeability ecological concrete layer 11 is constructed by piling pebbles, broken stones or gravels with 10mmmm continuous gradation and then spraying and filling cement slurry, or the low-permeability ecological concrete layer 11 is constructed by stirring the pebbles, broken stones or gravels with 10mmmm continuous gradation and the cement slurry.
The cement slurry comprises 58% of cement, 40% of water and 2% of calcium chloride in percentage by mass.
The submerged plant 121 is one or more of herba Swertiae Dilutae, waterweed, and Goldfish algae, and the primary planting density of the submerged plant 121 is 20 strains/m2。
The emergent aquatic plant propagules 221 are one or more of seeds, root tubers, bulbs or seedlings of loosestrife, evergreen aquatic iris and arundo donax.
The geotechnical mat is made of geotechnical materials which are processed by random fiber fusion lapping by using plastic as a base material, and the thickness of the geotechnical mat is 0.3 cm.
The width of the top of the ecological permeable dam is 1/5 of the depth of the river at the position of the ecological permeable dam in the rich water period, and the slope ratio of the upstream slope of the ecological permeable dam is 1: 1.5, the slope ratio of the backwater slope of the ecological permeable dam is 1: 3.
example 3
The ecological permeable dam is suitable for strengthening and purifying the water quality of a river channel in a small watershed of a mountainous area, as shown in figure 1, the ecological permeable dam is positioned in the river channel in the small watershed of the mountainous area without navigation, the section of the ecological permeable dam parallel to the water flow direction is trapezoidal, the ecological permeable dam comprises a low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 1 and a high-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 2, the low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 1 is positioned at the bottom layer of the ecological permeable dam, and the top elevation of the low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 1 is higher than the water level of the low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and; the high-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 2 is positioned on the upper layer of the ecological permeable dam, and the distance between the top and the bottom of the high-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer 2 is 50% of the difference height between the water level of the built position in the rich water period and the water level of the low water period.
The ecological interception of low water permeability purifies layer 1 includes low water permeability ecological concrete layer 11 and benthophyte type plant and grows the layer 12, and benthophyte type plants and grows layer 12 and lays and fix on the surface of low water permeability ecological concrete layer 11, and benthophyte type plants and grows layer 12 and comprises geotechnological mat pad and the benthophyte 121 of field planting at geotechnological mat pad.
Ecological interception of high water permeability purifies layer 2 and includes the ecological gabion layer 21 of high water permeability and emergent aquatic plant type vegetation layer 22, the ecological gabion layer 21 of high water permeability is formed by a plurality of ecological gabion piles, ecological gabion includes the gabion net and fills the building stones in the gabion net, the gabion net is twisted by low carbon galvanized steel wire and is compiled and form, the building stones is continuous gradation 90 mm's cobble, rubble or gravel, emergent aquatic plant type vegetation layer 22 lays and fixes on the surface at the ecological gabion layer 21 of high water permeability, emergent aquatic plant type vegetation layer 22 comprises geotechnological mat pad and emergent aquatic plant propagule 221 of field planting at geotechnological mat pad.
The low-permeability ecological concrete layer 11 is constructed by piling 40 mm-sized pebbles, broken stones or gravels in series and then spraying and filling cement slurry, or the low-permeability ecological concrete layer 11 is constructed by stirring 45 mm-sized pebbles, broken stones or gravels in series and cement slurry.
The cement slurry comprises 65% of cement, 34% of water and 1% of calcium chloride in percentage by mass.
The submerged plant 121 is one or more of herba Swertiae Dilutae, waterweed, and Goldfish algae, and the initial planting density of the submerged plant 121 is 200 strains/m2。
The emergent aquatic plant propagules 221 are one or more of seeds, root tubers, bulbs or seedlings of loosestrife, evergreen aquatic iris and arundo donax.
The geotechnical mat is made of geotechnical materials which are processed by random fiber fusion lapping by using plastic as a base material, and the thickness of the geotechnical mat is 2.5 cm.
The width of the top of the ecological permeable dam is 1/2 of the depth of the river at the position of the ecological permeable dam in the rich water period, and the slope ratio of the upstream slope of the ecological permeable dam is 1: 3, the slope ratio of the back water slope of the ecological permeable dam is 1: 8.
example 4
Ecological permeable dam suitable for purification is reinforceed to mountain area small watershed river course quality of water, through the effect test of pilot scale, adopts the utility model discloses ecological permeable dam continuous cycle handles simulation river-entering sewage, and the average load of getting rid of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus reaches 135.3, 26.5, 19.8 and 5.2 kg/(hm) during 20 days of experiments respectively2D). Description of the inventionThe utility model provides an ecological permeable dam has obvious pollution interception purifying effect.
Example 5
Description of the effects: be applied to a certain river course of Taizhou city balcony county and administer, use the utility model discloses ecological permeable dam technique is built the dam, and water quality monitoring data analysis behind the on-the-spot dam before and dam after two months reaches 87.9, 10.6, 8.7 and 2.3 kg/(hm) respectively to the load of getting rid of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus2·d)。
In short, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all the equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. Ecological permeable dam suitable for mountain area small watershed river course quality of water strengthens purifying, its characterized in that: the ecological permeable dam is positioned in a river channel of a small watershed of a non-navigable mountainous area, the section of the ecological permeable dam parallel to the water flow direction is trapezoidal, the ecological permeable dam comprises a low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer (1) and a high-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer (2), and the low-water-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer (1) is positioned at the bottom layer of the ecological permeable dam; the width of the top of the ecological permeable dam is 1/5-1/2 of the depth of the river at the position of the ecological permeable dam in the rich water period, and the slope ratio of the upstream slope of the ecological permeable dam is 1: 1.5-3, the slope ratio of the back water slope of the ecological permeable dam is 1: 3 to 8.
2. The ecological permeable dam applicable to the water quality enhancement and purification of the riverways in the small watershed of the mountainous area as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the ecological interception purification layer (1) with low water permeability comprises a low water permeability ecological concrete layer (11) and a submerged plant type vegetation layer (12), wherein the submerged plant type vegetation layer (12) is laid and fixed on the surface of the low water permeability ecological concrete layer (11), and the submerged plant type vegetation layer (12) is composed of a geotechnical mat and submerged plants (121) fixedly planted on the geotechnical mat.
3. The ecological permeable dam applicable to the water quality enhancement and purification of the riverways in the small watershed of the mountainous area as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: ecological interception of high water permeability purifies layer (2) and includes ecological gabion layer of high water permeability (21) and emergent aquatic plant type vegetation layer (22), ecological gabion layer of high water permeability (21) is formed by a plurality of ecological gabion piles, ecological gabion includes the gabion net and fills the building stones in the gabion net, the building stones are 40mm ~ 90 mm's cobble for continuous gradation, rubble or gravel, emergent aquatic plant type vegetation layer (22) is laid and is fixed on the surface of ecological gabion layer of high water permeability (21), emergent aquatic plant type vegetation layer (22) comprises geotechnological mat and emergent aquatic plant propagule (221) of field planting at geotechnological mat.
4. The ecological permeable dam applicable to the water quality enhancement and purification of the riverways in the small watershed of the mountainous area as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the low-permeability ecological concrete layer (11) is constructed by piling 10-40 mm-sized cobbles, broken stones or gravels in a continuous grading manner and then spraying cement slurry, or the low-permeability ecological concrete layer (11) is constructed by stirring 10-45 mm-sized cobbles, broken stones or gravels in a continuous grading manner and cement slurry.
5. The ecological permeable dam applicable to the water quality enhancement and purification of the riverways in the small watershed of the mountainous area as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the top elevation of the low-water-permeability ecological interception and purification layer (1) is 10-30 cm higher than the water level of the built position in the dry season; the high-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer (2) is positioned on the upper layer of the ecological permeable dam, and the distance between the top and the bottom of the high-permeability ecological intercepting and purifying layer (2) is 30-50% of the difference height between the water level of the built position in the rich water period and the water level of the low water period.
6. The ecological permeable dam applicable to the water quality enhancement and purification of the riverways in the small watershed of the mountainous area as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the initial planting density of the submerged plant (121) is 20-200 plants/m2。
7. The ecological permeable dam applicable to the water quality enhancement and purification of the riverways in the small watershed of the mountainous area as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the thickness of the geotechnical mat is 0.3-2.5 cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201920425804.4U CN209989145U (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2019-03-29 | Ecological permeable dam suitable for mountain area small watershed river course quality of water intensification purifies |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201920425804.4U CN209989145U (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2019-03-29 | Ecological permeable dam suitable for mountain area small watershed river course quality of water intensification purifies |
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