CN209356876U - A kind of digital photovoltaic array simulator - Google Patents
A kind of digital photovoltaic array simulator Download PDFInfo
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- CN209356876U CN209356876U CN201920200033.9U CN201920200033U CN209356876U CN 209356876 U CN209356876 U CN 209356876U CN 201920200033 U CN201920200033 U CN 201920200033U CN 209356876 U CN209356876 U CN 209356876U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of digital photovoltaic array simulators.The input terminal of power conversion modules is connected to DC power supply, and output end is the output end of photovoltaic array simulator, and electrical isolation between input terminal and output end；Control module includes sequentially connected A/D converting unit, reference voltage/current computing unit and pwm unit, wherein, the input terminal of A/D converting unit is connected to the output end of power conversion modules by signal conditioning module, and the output end of pwm unit is connected to the control terminal of power conversion modules by switch drive module.The beneficial effects of the utility model are that it is possible to simulate photovoltaic array output characteristics under any environmental condition, can round-the-clock progress photovoltaic generating system research；Power conversion modules use single-stage isolated type switch converters, realize the electrical isolation of input terminal and output end, can be used in the distributed photovoltaic system of analog device series/parallel, and structure is simple, low in cost.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to power electronics field, especially a kind of digital photovoltaic array simulator is mainly answered
Used in photovoltaic industry, the output characteristics of photovoltaic array is simulated.
Background technique
Photovoltaic power generation is current one of the major way for utilizing solar energy, and the hot spot of research.Photovoltaic array is will too
Sun can be converted to electric energy, be extremely important component parts in photovoltaic generating system.The output voltage of photovoltaic array-electric current closes
Apparent nonlinear characteristic is presented with parameters such as intensity of illumination, environment temperatures in system.In actual research and debugging, using photovoltaic
Array suffers from the limitation of environmental factor, it is difficult to directly use.Therefore, photovoltaic array simulator is just at essential reality
Test tool.The function of photovoltaic array simulator is the photovoltaic array under the conditions of any illumination of simulation and temperature, any power requirement
Output characteristics.For traditional photovoltaic array simulator frequently with the method for imitative day illuminator analog light source, this method production is complicated, at
This height, energy loss are big.
With the development of power electronics technology, single-chip microcontroller obtains extensively as the digital photovoltaic array simulator of master devices
General research.From the angle of control algolithm, existing digital photovoltaic array simulator mainly passes through the control of the controllers such as single-chip microcontroller
System makes the output voltage of switch converters, electric current meet photovoltaic property curve, and by storing a plurality of photovoltaic cell output characteristic
The method of curve data realizes the change of photovoltaic array output characteristic curve.Its major defect is: needing mass storage
Store the output characteristics data of photovoltaic array under varying environment, higher cost；The photovoltaic array of any environmental condition can not be simulated
Output characteristics.From the angle of circuit structure, existing photovoltaic simulator mostly uses non-isolated switch converters to become as power
Circuit is changed, will appear when in the system for analog device series/parallel unstable, is also had using isolated form switch converters
The digital photovoltaic array simulator of topology, but its structure is complex, higher cost.It is existing from visualization and observable angle
Digital photovoltaic array simulator lack simple, intuitive man-machine interactive system, can not real-time monitoring and change simulator it is defeated
Characteristic out.
Utility model content
The purpose of the utility model is to provide a kind of digital photovoltaic array simulators.
Realize that the technical solution of the utility model aim is as follows:
A kind of digital photovoltaic array simulator, including power conversion modules, signal conditioning module, control module and switch
Drive module；The input terminal of the power conversion modules is connected to DC power supply, and output end is the output of photovoltaic array simulator
End, and electrical isolation between input terminal and output end；The control module includes sequentially connected A/D converting unit, with reference to electricity
Pressure/current calculation unit and pwm unit, wherein the input terminal of A/D converting unit is connected by signal conditioning module
It is connected to the output end of power conversion modules, the output end of pwm unit is connected to power by switch drive module and becomes
Change the mold the control terminal of block.
Further, the control module further includes communication unit, and communication unit is connected respectively to A/D converting unit and ginseng
Examine voltage/current computing unit；The communication unit also passes through communication module and is connected to human-computer interaction module.
Further, the power conversion modules are isolated form Cuk converter.
Compared with prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that
1, digital photovoltaic array simulator can simulate photovoltaic array output characteristics under any environmental condition, can be round-the-clock
Carry out photovoltaic generating system research.
2, power conversion modules use single-stage isolated type switch converters, realize the electrical isolation of input terminal and output end,
It can be used in the distributed photovoltaic system of analog device series/parallel, and structure is simple, it is low in cost.
3, the higher man-machine interactive system of visualization is devised, the theory of real-time monitoring photovoltaic array simulator is capable of
Curve and real work point, and the working curve of photovoltaic array simulator can be changed in real time.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the utility model.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of power conversion modules in embodiment one.
Fig. 3 is the current-voltage output characteristic curve and stepwise schematic views of photovoltaic array in embodiment one.
Fig. 4 is the program flow diagram of control module in embodiment one.
Fig. 5 is the actual measurement output characteristic curve and dynamic working point of digital photovoltaic array simulator in embodiment one.
Fig. 6 is that power conversion modules rear class connects Boost and realizes MPPT maximum power point tracking control in embodiment two
The schematic diagram of system.
Fig. 7 is the actual measurement output characteristic curve and dynamic working point of digital photovoltaic array simulator in embodiment two.
Specific embodiment
A kind of digital photovoltaic array simulator, including DC power supply, power conversion modules, signal conditioning module, control
Module, communication module, switch drive module, auxiliary power module.Power conversion modules input termination DC power supply, output end are made
For the output of entire simulator, load or rear class converter can connect, the output of power conversion modules terminates signal condition
The input terminal of module.The output end of the input termination power conversion modules of signal conditioning module, the output to power conversion modules
Voltage and output electric current are sampled and are improved, and using the sampled value after conditioning as A/D converting unit in control module
Input.Control module includes A/D converting unit, reference voltage/current computing unit, pwm unit and communication unit
Member, wherein A/D converting unit is used to be converted to the analog quantity that sampling obtains digital quantity, and the digital quantity is sent to reference electricity
Pressure/current calculation unit, reference voltage/current computing unit by the Fitting Calculation to photovoltaic array output characteristics go out voltage and
The reference value of electric current, pwm unit generate corresponding switching signal, communication by the reference value of above-mentioned voltage/current
Unit for realizing control module and human-computer interaction module communication.The switching signal that pwm unit generates is used as and opens
The input for closing drive module makes switch drive module export corresponding switching signal, the switching tube in driving power conversion module
Turn-on and turn-off, to keep the output characteristics of power conversion modules consistent with the output characteristics of photovoltaic array.
Control module is to realize simulator output characteristics and the practical consistent key of photovoltaic array output characteristics, the prior art
In can be realized there are many algorithm, but existing algorithm shortcomings such as that there are carrying costs is high, algorithm is complicated, simulation precision is low.
In the utility model, the course of work of control module is as follows:
In order to accurately simulate the output characteristics of photovoltaic array, the output characteristic curve of photovoltaic array is divided into the area Liang Ge
Section: in section I, the reference value of output electric current is calculated by the output voltage that actual samples obtain, and control power module with electricity
Stream mode output；In section II, the output electric current obtained by actual samples calculates the reference value of output voltage, and controls power
Module is exported with voltage mode.
Steps are as follows for specific algorithm execution:
(1) after digital photovoltaic array simulator starting, the output voltage of A/D converting unit sampled power conversion module
With output electric current, then step (2) are executed.
(2) judge whether communication unit receives the new open-circuit voltage V from human-computer interaction module settingocWith short circuit electricity
Flow IscIf receiving, then the open-circuit voltage and short circuit current updated storage executes step (3) and otherwise directly executes step
Suddenly (3).
(3) operation interval is judged according to the power module output voltage that sampling obtains, if simulator works in section I, ginseng
It examines voltage/current computing unit and output electric current is calculated in the current-voltage output characteristic function of section I according to photovoltaic array
Reference value, and corresponding switching signal is generated, the conducting and shutdown of switching tube in power conversion modules are controlled, power conversion mould is made
The output electric current and output voltage of block are changed by the output characteristics of photovoltaic array.If simulator works in section II, step is executed
Suddenly (4).
(4) reference voltage/current computing unit compares the short circuit current of setting and the power conversion modules sampled export
Electric current IoSize relation, if Isc>Io, then directly step (5) are executed；If Isc≤Io, then power conversion modules are set with electric current
Mode output, and the reference value for exporting electric current is successively decreased, and the output electric current of sampled power conversion module, until the power sampled
The output electric current of conversion module meets Isc>IoWhen, it executes step (5).
(5) reference voltage/current computing unit according to photovoltaic array section II voltage-to-current output characteristic function meter
The reference value for calculating power conversion modules output voltage, further generates corresponding switching signal, makes the output of power conversion modules
Electric current and output voltage are changed by the output characteristics of photovoltaic array.
Communication module is connect with control module and human-computer interaction module, realizes the function of two-way communication.Communication module is real-time
A/D converting unit samples in control module output voltage and output electric current are sent to human-computer interaction module, make one
Machine interactive module is capable of the output characteristics of real-time monitoring simulator, meanwhile, when human-computer interaction module needs to change the defeated of simulator
Out when characteristic, open-circuit voltage V that communication module sets human-computer interaction moduleocWith short circuit current IscIt is sent to control module.
Auxiliary power module is input with DC power supply, and output end is respectively connected to signal conditioning module, control module, switch
Drive module and communication module, function are to provide power supply for above-mentioned module.
A kind of specific embodiment of the utility model as shown in Figure 1, digital photovoltaic simulator include: DC power supply,
Power conversion modules, signal conditioning module, control module, communication module, switch drive module, auxiliary power module.Power becomes
The input terminal of mold changing block is connect with DC power supply, and the output end of power conversion modules is as the digital photovoltaic array simulator
Output, the input terminal of signal conditioning module and the output end of power conversion modules connect, the output end of signal conditioning module and control
The input terminal of A/D converting unit connects in molding block, and the output end of pwm unit and switch drive in control module
The input terminal of module connects, and the output end of switch drive module is connect with power conversion modules.
The input terminal of power conversion modules is connect with DC power supply, and power conversion modules are the masters of digital photovoltaic simulator
Power circuit, and need to realize the electrical isolation of input terminal and output end；Meanwhile signal conditioning module is to power conversion modules
Output voltage and output electric current are sampled and are improved, control module to the output voltage of signal conditioning module and output electric current into
Row analog-to-digital conversion, and photovoltaic array mould is calculated according to the output characteristics of photovoltaic array and the open-circuit voltage of setting, short-circuit current value
Output reference voltage/output reference current of quasi- device, further generates pulse signal, pulse signal by switch drive module it
Afterwards, the switching signal that can be used for driving switch pipe is generated, so that the switching tube turn-on and turn-off in power conversion modules are controlled, with
Realize the simulation to photovoltaic array output characteristics.
Signal conditioning module includes voltage sample conditioning circuit and current sample conditioning circuit, and principle is based on operation
The difference sample circuit of amplifier, the processing of the output voltages of power conversion modules and output electric current Jing Guo signal conditioning module it
Afterwards, being transformed to can be as the analog signal for meeting A/D converting unit input requirements in control module.
Control module includes A/D converting unit, reference voltage/current computing unit, pwm unit, communication unit
Member.A/D converting unit input terminal and the output end of signal conditioning module connect, by the power conversion mould after sampling and conditioning
Block output voltage and output current-mode analog quantity are converted to corresponding digital quantity, the output end and reference voltage/electricity of A/D converting unit
The input terminal of stream calculation unit connects；Reference voltage/current computing unit is according to the output characteristics of photovoltaic array and opening for setting
Road voltage VocWith short circuit current IscThe output reference voltage or output reference current of power conversion modules are calculated, then will be above-mentioned
It the theoretical reference value being calculated and the obtained actual output voltage of sampling and exports electric current and is compared and operation, operation result
As the reference voltage/current calculation unit output quantity；The output end and pulse width of reference voltage/current computing unit are modulated
The input terminal of unit connects, pwm unit by comparing reference voltage/current computing unit operation result sum number
Word sawtooth wave compares, and obtains corresponding switching signal, the output end of pwm unit and the input of switch drive module
End connection, the output end of switch drive module are connect with power conversion modules.Communication unit, which refers to, to be integrated in the control module
CAN communication interface and CAN communication agreement, it is specific to work for realizing the communication between control module and human-computer interaction module
Process is: output voltage and output electric current that A/D converting unit obtains are sent to human-computer interaction mould in real time by communication unit
Block, to realize the on-line monitoring to photovoltaic array simulator output characteristics；Meanwhile communication unit real-time reception comes from man-machine friendship
The open-circuit voltage V of mutual module settingocWith short circuit current Isc, and by VocAnd IscIt is sent to reference voltage/current computing unit, from
And change the output characteristic curve of photovoltaic array simulator in real time.
The specific embodiment of communication module is CAN analyzer, the communication unit in one end and control module of communication module
Member connection, it is the relationship of two-way communication between three that the other end is connect with human-computer interaction module.
The specific embodiment of human-computer interaction module is the host computer based on CAN communication, in order to realize on-line monitoring and reality
When change the output characteristics of photovoltaic array simulator, the host computer based on CAN communication should have four functions:
1. starting or stopping the work of entire photovoltaic array simulator at any time；
2. drawing theoretical photovoltaic array according to the output characteristics of the open-circuit voltage of setting, short circuit current and photovoltaic array
Output characteristic curve；
3. control module can be sent to through communication module for the open-circuit voltage of setting and short circuit current, to change photovoltaic
The output characteristics of array simulator；
4. simulator output voltage of the real-time reception from control module and output electric current, and it will be shown in host computers circle
Face, thus the dynamic working point of observatory control device in real time.
Embodiment one:
As shown in Fig. 2, the specific implementation circuit of power conversion modules is isolated form Cuk converter, including input inductance L1,
Switching tube S, the first storage capacitor C1, transformer TR, the second storage capacitor C2, diode D, outputting inductance L2, filter capacitor Cout。
The turn-on and turn-off for the driving signal control switch pipe S that switch drive module generates, to make the output of isolated form Cuk converter
Voltage and output electric current meet the output characteristics of photovoltaic array.The input terminal of isolated form Cuk converter is connect with DC power supply, defeated
Outlet is connect with variable resistance R, and isolating transformer TR can be realized input side and the output of digital photovoltaic array simulator
The purpose of electrical isolation and power conversion can be realized in the electrical isolation of side, single-stage converter, has structure simple, cost is relatively low
The advantages of.
Fig. 3 is shown, photovoltaic array current-voltage output characteristic curve and power vs. voltage output characteristic curve.And section point
The voltage and current value of boundary's point.Global curve can be analyzed to section I and section II, using maximum power point as separation, maximum work
The left side of rate point is section I, and the right side of maximum power point is section II.Wherein, section I controls output electric current, works as Fig. 2
When the isolated form Cuk converter output voltage shown is located at section I, control module controls isolated form Cuk converter with electric current shape
Formula output exports the reference value of electric current and the expression of the relationship of output voltage that sampling obtains:
Section II controls output voltage, when Fig. 2 shows isolated form Cuk converter output voltage be located at section II
When, control module control isolated form Cuk converter exports in the form of voltage, the output that reference value and the sampling of output voltage obtain
The relationship of electric current indicates:
Wherein, VocAnd IscRespectively indicate the open-circuit voltage and short circuit current of setting, VoAnd IoActual samples are respectively indicated to arrive
Output voltage and output electric current, maximum power point voltage 0.77Voc, maximum power point electric current is 0.9Isc, a1And a2It is normal
Number, a1=0.000049, a2=0.100746.
Fig. 4 is shown, the master control program operational flow diagram of control module.Specific implementation procedure is as follows:
(1) program start time, control module judge whether active flag position is 1, if active flag position is 0, remove
PI operation result removes pwm signal, digital photovoltaic simulator is made to stop working, if active flag position is 1, A/D, conversion is single
The output voltage and output electric current of first sampled power conversion module, then execute step (2).
(2) whether the CAN reception flag position for judging communication unit is 1, if CAN reception flag position is 1, then it represents that receive
New open-circuit voltage V from human-computer interaction module settingocWith short circuit current Isc, further update VocAnd Isc, then execute step
Suddenly (3), otherwise, directly execution step (3).
(3) reference voltage/current computing unit judges operation interval according to the power module output voltage that sampling obtains, if
Vo< 0.77Voc, then simulator works in section I, reference voltage/current computing unit according to photovoltaic array section I electricity
Stream-voltage output characteristics function calculates the reference value of output electric current, further progress PI operation, and generates corresponding pwm signal,
The output electric current and output voltage for making power conversion modules are changed by the output characteristics of photovoltaic array.If Vo≥0.77Voc, then mould
Quasi- device works in section II, and reference voltage/current computing unit is executed by step (4).
(4) reference voltage/current computing unit compares the short circuit current I of settingscIt is defeated with the power conversion modules that sample
Electric current I outoSize relation, if Isc>Io, then directly step (5) are executed；If Isc≤Io, then the defeated of power conversion modules is set
Current reference value is successively decreased out, and the output electric current of sampled power conversion module, until the output of the power conversion modules sampled
Electric current meets Isc> IoWhen, reference voltage/current computing unit is executed by step (5).
(5) reference voltage/current computing unit according to photovoltaic array section II voltage-to-current output characteristic function meter
The reference value of power conversion modules output voltage, further progress PI operation are calculated, and generates corresponding pwm signal, becomes power
The output electric current and output voltage for changing the mold block are changed by the output characteristics of photovoltaic array.
Fig. 5 is shown, actual measurement output characteristics of the digital photovoltaic array simulator when output end connects load resistance.Fig. 5
Actual measurement condition: input voltage Vin=48V, inductance L in power conversion modules1=330 μ H, inductance L2=330 μ H, isolation module
Switching frequency be 100kHz, the transformer TR turn ratio be 28:30, the first storage capacitor C1=100 μ F, the second storage capacitor C2=
100 μ F, filter capacitor Cout=220 μ F, the single-chip microcontroller model STM32F103C8T6 that control module uses, switch drive module
Driving chip model SI8233.Switching tube S model FQP32N20C, diode D model RHRP3060, load resistance
R is decreased to 1 Ω from 200 Ω.It can be seen from the figure that digital photovoltaic array simulator can be accurate when load resistance changes
The output characteristics of simulation photovoltaic array.
Embodiment two:
As shown in fig. 6, embodiment two is basically the same as the first embodiment, it is a difference in that: the digital photovoltaic simulation of this example
Device rear class connects Boost, and carries out MPPT maximum power point tracking control to rear class Boost, wherein maximum power
Perturbation observation method is used in the control algolithm selection of point tracing control.
Fig. 7 is shown, and embodiment two surveys output characteristic curve and dynamic working point, it can be seen from the figure that when after cascade
When connecing Boost converter and carrying out MPPT maximum power point tracking control, dynamic working point can be realized near maximum power
The function of MPPT maximum power point tracking.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of digital photovoltaic array simulator, which is characterized in that including power conversion modules, signal conditioning module, control
Module and switch drive module；The input terminal of the power conversion modules is connected to DC power supply, and output end is photovoltaic array mould
The output end of quasi- device, and electrical isolation between input terminal and output end；The control module includes that sequentially connected A/D conversion is single
Member, reference voltage/current computing unit and pwm unit, wherein the input terminal of A/D converting unit passes through signal tune
Reason module is connected to the output end of power conversion modules, and the output end of pwm unit is connected by switch drive module
To the control terminal of power conversion modules.
2. a kind of digital photovoltaic array simulator as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the control module further includes
Communication unit, communication unit are connected respectively to A/D converting unit and reference voltage/current computing unit；The communication unit is also
Human-computer interaction module is connected to by communication module.
3. a kind of digital photovoltaic array simulator as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the power conversion mould
Block is isolated form Cuk converter.
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| CN109814407A (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2019-05-28 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of digital photovoltaic array simulator and its control method |
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