CN209211512U - A kind of vertical hammering load pile foundation model test apparatus of calcareous sand - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of vertical hammering load pile foundation model test apparatus of calcareous sand, are related to rock-soil mechanics test field.The structure of the utility model is: the hammering load applying unit (400) includes the 1st cylinder (410) of sequentially connected hammering, the 1st transmission rod (420) of hammering, terminal pad (430), the 2nd cylinder (440) of hammering, the 2nd transmission rod (450) of hammering and rams module (460)；It rams module (460) and is constituted by ramming bar (461) and trolley (462), trolley (462) are provided on ramming bar (461)；The present apparatus is used to measure the hammering load being subject in the ultimate bearing capacity and simulation pile foundation pile driving process of pile foundation and oscillatory load, the sedimentation of static pressure pile-sinking process pile foundation, by drag characteristic.

Description

A kind of vertical hammering load pile foundation model test apparatus of calcareous sand

Technical field

The utility model relates to rock-soil mechanics test field more particularly to a kind of vertical hammering load pile foundation models of calcareous sand Experimental rig.

Background technique

The implementation of China ocean islands and reefs engineering construction promotes, most important for China's economy, military affairs and people's livelihood cause；? Carry out and encounter various engineering geological problems in islands and reefs engineering construction, pile foundation engineering is one of basement process in islands and reefs construction The common processing means of kind.It usually requires to consider to be detected and analyzed the bearing capacity of pile foundation in pile foundation engineering, so that it is determined that its Ultimate bearing capacity, while also to consider influence of the environmental load to pile foundation security and stability in Service Environment.On the one hand, for The construction of bearing capacity of pile foundation is carried out frequently with the method for test pile in engineering；Commonly use the dimension at a slow speed of dead load test on pile foundation Loading method is held, Practical Project test pile is more time-consuming and laborious；But the engineering works in marine environment need to bear certain toward contact The dynamic load of frequency, thus from safety, it is to need to carry out pile foundation engineering test of both sound load.And dynamic load Test pile, its main feature is that needing to carry out repeatedly plus to unload load.The mode pair of weight stacking pressure is generallyd use in when Practical Project test pile Pile foundation is further applied load, such as carry out certain cycle-index sound load pile foundation engineering test, human and material resources cost compared with It is high.Two aspects, during islands and reefs construction, the mode for generalling use dynamic piling carries out pile foundation construction, by using There are the construction method and technique of high-frequency vibratory impulse and hammer piling；And during Practical Project test pile, it is difficult to simulate The process, this is also the monitoring of the work progress of pile foundation engineering, is brought some inconvenience.On the other hand, it is located at drive marine ring Pile foundation in border can usually obtain the natural environment payload data in environment by the method for observation, but environmental load is such as What preferably simulation application is then a very challenging job, is related to the calcareous sand pile foundation model test of marine environment It is even more so.Such as the islands and reefs pile foundation in marine environment, when be subjected to the effects of a variety of wind, unrestrained dynamic load, however this Class wind, unrestrained dynamic load often have the characteristics that size, direction even position are variable, while the fluctuation in stage repeatedly of wave, The variation of soil strength can also be caused, to influence pile foundation bearing capacity, how more preferable simulation these wind, unrestrained load are one Very important thing.In engineering test pile, it is desirable to go to realize that the simulation of environmental load is one ten by certain loading method Divide difficult thing.And indoor model test uses the principle of similitude, by certain reduced scale, carries out pile foundation examination in model casing It tests, pile foundation model test, can preferably analyze relevant conclusion, so that it is determined that the related law with judgement pile foundation carrying.Often Rule geotechnical model case generally has having the dimensions, and has preferable effect；The mode for generalling use indoor model test simulates stake Base environmental load, in the acquisition of parameter, model casing test is carried out often through detection means such as embedded sensors, by for many years Practice method, gradually approved by people, and improved, it can be considered that more environmental load factor, conveniently Parameter is collected, and workload can be greatly reduced.It is at present a new way for carrying out pile foundation model test using three axis Three axis pile foundation model test apparatus are carried out using indoor small soil test device in diameter and direction, there is that dress sample is accurate, workload The acquisition of small and data such as facilitates at the advantages.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model, which is that, provides a kind of vertical hammering load pile foundation model test apparatus of calcareous sand, can be with Simulation is applied with confining pressure state drag stake stress in triaxial cell, applies the constant static load in top to Model Pile, from And determine the ultimate bearing capacity of Model Pile, while the work progress using hammer piling can be simulated, such as simulation different frequency The hammer piling of different size of impact energy, the work progress for simulating hammer piling, can also be with analog vibration load pile sinking, same When can apply a cyclic load, different size of dead load to stake to simulate three axis pile foundations of true project management model state Model test apparatus.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that

Specifically, the present apparatus includes subjects --- pile foundation unit；

It is provided with bracket, pile foundation pressure chamber unit, sound load applying unit, hammering load applying unit, strain controlling Unit, water pressure loading unit, power source unit, soil solidifying stress ratio applying unit, data collecting instrument and computer；

The hammering load applying unit include the 1st cylinder of sequentially connected hammering, hammering the 1st transmission rod, terminal pad, It hammers the 2nd cylinder, the 2nd transmission rod of hammering and rams module；

It rams module and is constituted by ramming bar and trolley, trolley is provided on ramming bar.

Compared with prior art, the utility model have following advantages and the utility model has the advantages that

1. soil body foundation and Model Pile collectively constitute test object of the pile foundation unit as device, water pressure load is single Member, consolidation stress than applying unit, earth stress state in the natural environment of pile foundation unit can be simulated realistically, more close to Engineering pile foundation application environment；

2. sound load applying unit, hammering load applying unit can be applied various forms of respectively by switching in device Load realizes the diversified forms load that multi-functional load applies, in pile foundation pile driving process in Model Pile, multiple functional, operation Easy switching is quick；

3. general purpose transducer is provided in device, in order to obtain corresponding data parameters, output end and data collecting instrument 1000 connections, in a computer by the data storage of acquisition, it is more accurate, accurate to analyze for data collecting instrument.

In short, the present apparatus includes function and detection two large divisions, funtion part includes that pile foundation unit itself is answered in the environment Secondly power state applies multi-functional load to pile foundation unit, and passes through the universal components such as inbuilt sensor, detection of pier foundation unit Stress and Vertical Settlement parameter are a kind of multi-functional, conveniently pile foundation model test apparatus；For measuring the limit of pile foundation The sedimentation of pile foundation and bearer properties under environmental load and project management model state that bearing capacity and simulation pile foundation are subject to during being on active service.

Detailed description of the invention

Figure 0-1 is the structural block diagram of the present apparatus,

Figure 0-2 is the structural schematic diagram of the present apparatus,

Figure 0-3 is the structural schematic diagram of pile foundation unit 000；

Figure 0-4 is the structural schematic diagram of Model Pile 050,

Figure 0-5 is the perspective view of the explosion of Model Pile 050,

Figure 0-6 is the diagrammatic cross-section of Model Pile shoe 060,

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of bracket 100；

Fig. 2-1 is 200 structural block diagram of pile foundation pressure chamber unit, and Fig. 2-2 is the cross-sectional view of pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200,

Fig. 2-3 is the structural schematic diagram of pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, and Fig. 2-4 is the structural schematic diagram on chassis 230,

Fig. 2-5 is the structural schematic diagram of sealing element 240, and Fig. 2-6 is the scheme of installation of pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200；

Fig. 3-1 is the structural schematic diagram of sound load applying unit 300；

Fig. 3-2 is the scheme of installation of sound load applying unit 300,

Fig. 3-3 is the sectional view that pressure draws movable bearing external member 340；

Fig. 4-1 is the structural block diagram of hammering load applying unit 400,

Fig. 4-2 is the structural schematic diagram of hammering load applying unit 400,

Fig. 4-3 is the cross-sectional view for ramming module 460；

Fig. 4-4 is hammering 400 operation schematic diagram of applying unit

Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of strain controlling unit 500；

Fig. 6-1 is the structural schematic diagram of water pressure loading unit 600,

Fig. 6-2 is the working principle diagram of water pressure loading unit 600；

Fig. 7-1 is the structural schematic diagram of power source unit 700, and Fig. 7-2 is 700 connection schematic diagram of power source unit；

Fig. 8-1 is structural schematic diagram of the consolidation stress than applying unit 800,

Fig. 8-2 is the structural schematic diagram that pressure applies module 830；

Fig. 9-1 is the structural block diagram of torsion load applying unit 900；

Fig. 9-2 is the structural schematic diagram of torsion load applying unit 900；

Fig. 9-3 is the structural schematic diagram of torsion load left-half 920；

Fig. 9-4 is the structural schematic diagram of torsion load right half part 940；

Figure 10 is the schematic diagram for detecting stress.

In figure:

000-pile foundation unit,

010-Pile side soil, 020-pile-end soil, 030- rubber membrane, 040- soil sample cap,

050-Model Pile,

Cap in 051-Model Pile, 052-pin, 0531-Model Pile left-half,

0532-Model Pile right half part, cap under 054-Model Pile, 055-soil pressure cell,

056-foil gauge, 057- outlet hole, 058- horizontal ruler, 059- dielectric displacement meter, 0510- gear,

0511- reverses fixed screw.

060-liquid rubber,

061-sealing shroud,

062-taper convex body；

100-brackets,

110-hollow brackets,

111-upper hollow brackets；112-middle hollow brackets；113-lower hollow brackets；

120-lead screws；

130-support plates；

140-slideways.

200-pile foundation pressure chamber units,

220-top glass covers,

221-upper cloche upper disk surfaces,

222-glass infusers,

Disk under 223-upper cloches,

224-fixed lead screws,

225-fixture nuts；

230-chassis,

231-the 1 confining pressure hole, the 232-the 2 confining pressure hole,

233-the 1 pore pressure hole, the 234-the 2 pore pressure hole；

240-sealing elements,

241-type seals, the 242-the 1 sealing ring, the 243-the 2 sealing ring, 244-round nuts.

300-sound load applying units,

310-sound cylinders；

320-sound transmission rods；

330-supporting clapboards,

331-the 1 pressure draws supporting clapboard,

332-the 2 pressure draws supporting clapboard,

333-the 3 pressure draws supporting clapboard,

334-pressures draw vertical screw rod,

335-pressures draw locking nut；

340-pressures draw movable bearing external member,

341-pressures draw two-sided groove,

342-pull-up convex bodys,

343-vertical pushing bottom end bearings,

344-vertical pull-up bottom end bearings；

350-pneumatic vibrations hammer.

400-hammering load applying units,

410-the 1st cylinders of hammering；420-the 1st transmission rods of hammering；430-terminal pads；

440-the 2nd cylinders of hammering；450-the 2nd transmission rods of hammering；

460-ram module,

461-ram bar, 462-trolleies.

500-strain controlling units,

510-stepper motors；520-motor drivers；530-electric machine controllers；540-carrying disks；

550-strain connecting plates.

600-water pressure loading units,

610-confining pressure hole water pressure cylinders；620-pore pressure hole water pressure cylinders；630-confining pressure holes add aqueous vapor cylinder；

640-pore pressure holes add aqueous vapor cylinder；650-confining pressure hole sockets；660-pore pressure hole sockets；

670-confining pressure hole piston rods；680-pore pressure hole piston rods；690-bottom plates.

700-power source units

710-air compressors；

7201,7202-the 1,2 four-way valves；

7203,7204-the 1,2 triple valves；

7301,7302 ... 7308-the 1,2 ... 8 pressure regulator valves；

7401,7402-the 1,2 solenoid valves；

7501,7502,7503,7504-the 1,2,3,4 electric Proportion valves；

7601,7602,7603,7604-the 1,2,3,4 signal generators；

7701,7702-the 1,2 time relays；

7801,7802-the 1,2 power supplys.

800-consolidation stress than applying unit,

810-pressure transmit bracket；

820-stress ratio connecting plates；

830-pressure apply module,

831-pressure cylinders, 832-pressure sensors, 833-T-shaped iron rulers,

8341-the 1 displacement meter, the 8342-the 2 displacement meter.

1000- data collecting instrument.

1100- computer.

Specific embodiment

It is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:

One, the structure of the present apparatus

1, overall

Such as scheme 0-1, figure 0-2, the present apparatus includes subjects --- pile foundation unit 000；

It is provided with bracket 100, pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, sound load applying unit 300, hammering load applying unit 400, strain controlling unit 500, water pressure loading unit 600, power source unit 700, soil solidifying stress ratio applying unit 800, data collecting instrument 1000 and computer 1100；

Its position and connection relationship are:

Upper, middle and lower hollow bracket 111,112,113 is provided on bracket 100；

Sound load applying unit 300 and hammering load applying unit are respectively arranged with below upper hollow bracket 111 400；

The upper surface of middle hollow bracket 112 is provided with pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, built in pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200 There is pile foundation unit 000；

Strain controlling unit 500 and soil solidifying stress ratio applying unit are provided with below middle hollow bracket 112 800；

The upper surface of lower hollow bracket 113 is provided with water pressure loading unit 600；

Be arranged in power source unit 700 outside bracket 100 by socket respectively with sound load applying unit 300, hammering Load applying unit 400, water pressure loading unit 600, soil solidifying stress ratio applying unit 800 and torsion load applying unit 900 connections, provide power；

Water pressure loading unit 600 is connected to by socket with pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, and pore water pressure and the soil body are provided External confining pressure；

Sound load applying unit 300, hammering load applying unit 400, strain controlling unit 500, soil solidifying stress It is connected respectively with pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200 than the active unit of applying unit 800 and torsion load applying unit 900, provides A variety of loads；

Data collecting instrument 1000 and computer 1100, pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, data are additionally provided with outside bracket 100 Acquisition Instrument 1000 and computer 1100 are sequentially connected, and obtain test data.

Working mechanism is:

Pile foundation unit 000 is the test object of the present apparatus, mainly China ocean islands and reefs calcareous sand (and Model Pile composition Pile foundation)；

Bracket 100 is the supporter of the present apparatus；

Pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200 is the test site of pile foundation unit 000；

Water pressure loading unit 600 and sound load applying unit 300 be to pile foundation unit 000 provide water pressure load and The groundwork environment that sound load applies；

Hammering load applying unit 400, strain controlling unit 500 and soil solidifying stress ratio applying unit 800 are to stake Base unit 000 provides the special task environment that hammering load, strain controlling and soil solidifying stress ratio apply respectively, that is, simulates me The working environment of state's ocean islands and reefs；

Power source unit 700 is to provide the power of load；

Pile foundation unit 000 is provided with various sensors, for acquiring data, then passes through acquisition unit 1000 and computer 1100 pairs of data are analyzed.

2, functional unit

0) pile foundation unit 000

Such as scheme 0-3, pile foundation unit 000 is the subjects of the present apparatus, including Pile side soil 010, pile-end soil 020, rubber membrane 030, soil sample cap 040 and Model Pile 050；

Soil sample cap 040, Pile side soil 010 and pile-end soil 020 are in turn connected into a cylindrical body, wrap up in the outer wall of cylindrical body There is rubber membrane 030, the lower part of Model Pile 050 is sequentially inserted into soil sample cap 040 and Pile side soil 010.

(1) Pile side soil 010

Pile side soil 010 is a kind of malm that radii of soil particles is 0.55 in 0.075-5mm range and relative compaction；

(2) pile-end soil 020

Pile-end soil 020 is a kind of cementing calcareous sand for making cement, gypsum and malm according to 3:2:5；

(3) rubber membrane 030

Rubber membrane 030 is a kind of general part.

(4) soil sample cap 040

Soil sample cap 040 is the ring cap that there is hole in a kind of centre.

(5) Model Pile 050

Such as scheme 0-4, figure 0-5, Model Pile 050 include Model Pile on cap 051, pin 052, Model Pile left-half 0531, Cap 054, soil pressure cell 055 and foil gauge 056 under Model Pile right half part 0532, Model Pile, outlet hole 057, horizontal ruler 058, Dielectric displacement meter 059, gear 0510, torsion fixed screw 0511；

Model Pile 050 is an aluminum alloy drum, and the inner wall vehicle at cylinder both ends has standard thread, then uses wire cutting side Formula is split to cylinder center, forms Model Pile left-half 0531 and Model Pile right half part 0532；

Model Pile left-half 0531 and Model Pile right half part 0532 are linked together by pin 052, become one Fixed body；

Cap 054 is respectively upper and lower convex body structure under cap 051 and Model Pile in Model Pile, is located at the top of Model Pile 050 Portion and bottom, vehicle have screw thread, and the Model Pile 050 after merging is threadably secured；

Foil gauge 056 is attached on the inner wall of Model Pile left-half 0531 and Model Pile right half part 0532, soil pressure cell 055 is placed under Model Pile in cap 214；

Lead positioned at 056 end of foil gauge is drawn from the outlet hole 057 being provided in Model Pile left-half 0531, with Data collecting instrument 1000 connects；

Soil pressure cell 055 is by the way of cabling in the raised floor, and the outlet hole at lead 054 center of cap under Model Pile is drawn, warp Top is crossed, draws from the outlet hole 217 being provided in Model Pile left-half 2131, is connect with data collecting instrument 1100；

Reverse the center company that fixed screw 0511 passes through cap 051 on one end and Model Pile of gear 0510 and horizontal ruler 058 Fixation is connect, is connected with dielectric displacement meter 059 in the other end of horizontal ruler 058, dielectric displacement meter 059 is fixed on bracket by Magnetic gauge stand On 100.

Working principle: foil gauge 056 is used for the pile strain of rating model stake 050, and soil pressure cell 055 is used for rating model The pressure change of pile-end soil 020 at the lower cap 054 of stake, dielectric displacement meter 059 is for vertical heavy at cap 051 in rating model stake Drop.

(6) shoe 060

Such as scheme 0-5,0-6, shoe includes liquid rubber 060, sealing shroud 061, taper convex body 062.

The soil pressure cell 055, liquid rubber 060, sealing shroud 061, taper convex body 062 are sequentially connected；

Liquid rubber 060 is casting elastomer, among soil pressure cell 055 and taper convex body 062, has certain bullet Property, can preferable transmission force effect；

Sealing shroud 061 is rubber ring set, has good plasticity and leakproofness, for completely cutting off external sand；

Taper convex body 062 is a taper aluminium alloy, and lower cone is 60 degree.

1) bracket 100

Such as Fig. 1, bracket 100 includes hollow bracket 110, lead screw 120, support plate 130 and slideway 140；

Hollow bracket 110 includes upper hollow bracket 111, middle hollow bracket 112 and lower hollow bracket 113；

Bracket 100 connects and composes an entirety by hollow bracket 110, lead screw 120 and support plate 130；In upper hollow branch Slideway 140 is provided on frame 111.

Working principle: upper hollow bracket 111, middle hollow bracket 112 and lower hollow bracket 113 are connected simultaneously by lead screw 120 It is fixed by nut, constitutes the base fixed structure of whole device, pressure needed for being able to bear test keeps whole device Stablize；Hole is provided in support plate 130 not will receive the frictional damping of hollow bracket 110 when the work of strain controlling unit 500, Groove is provided in support plate 130 so that consolidation stress is switched over than applying unit 800 and strain controlling unit 500；Slideway 140 effect is that can guarantee to ram the verticality of the whereabouts of module 460 while reduce its suffered frictional damping of falling.

2) pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200

Such as Fig. 2-1, Fig. 2-2, Fig. 2-3, pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200 includes top glass cover 220, chassis 230 and sealing Part 240；

Top glass cover 220 and chassis 230 are vertically connected with into a container, and pile foundation unit 000, model are packed into container It is sealed between stake 050 and top glass cover 220 by sealing element 240.

(1) top glass cover 220

Such as Fig. 2-2, Fig. 2-3, Fig. 2-6, top glass cover 220 is a kind of transparent glass cover, and effect is subject to pile foundation list The confining pressure that water body in member 000 between rubber membrane 030 applies is enclosed to simulate to pile foundation unit 000 and apply the external soil body Pressure, provides closed environment.

Upper cloche 220 includes disk 223 under upper cloche upper disk surface 221, glass infuser 222, upper cloche, fixed lead screw 224 and fixture nut 225；

Disk 223 passes through fixed lead screw 224 and fixed spiral shell under upper cloche upper disk surface 221, glass infuser 222 and upper cloche Mother 225 constitutes an entirety.

(2) chassis 230

Such as Fig. 2-4, chassis 230 is a kind of in three stair-stepping disks, is provided with the 1st confining pressure hole 231, the 2nd confining pressure Hole 232, the 1st pore pressure hole 233 and the 2nd pore pressure hole 234.

Working principle: confining pressure needed for water pressure loading unit 600 provides test by the 1st confining pressure hole 231 (water inlet), Pile foundation unit 000 is located in rubber membrane 030, and the effect in the 2nd confining pressure hole 232 is water outlet, by hydraulic pressure to 030 mould of rubber membrane The confining pressure power of quasi- pile foundation unit 000；The effect of 1st pore pressure hole, 233 water outlet is to be by bottom water pressure-loaded unit 600 Pile foundation unit 000 provides water pressure；The effect in the 2nd pore pressure hole 234 is water inlet.

(3) sealing element 240

Such as Fig. 2-5,2-6, sealing element 240 includes convex shape seal 241, the 1st sealing ring 242,243 and of the 2nd sealing ring Round nut 244；

Convex shape seal 241 is connect with upper cloche upper disk surface 221 by round nut 244, in type seal 241 Portion's vehicle has the back-shaped card slot of certain depth, for installing the 1st sealing ring 242 and the 2nd sealing ring 243；

1st sealing ring 242 and the 2nd sealing ring 243 are general part, and it acts as sealings and lubrication, enable soil sample cap 040 It slides wherein.

3) sound load applying unit 300

Such as Fig. 3, sound load applying unit 300 includes the sound cylinder 310 and sound transmission rod 320 being vertically connected with.

Sound cylinder 310 is closely connect by nut with the upper hollow bracket 111 of bracket 100；The activity of sound cylinder 310 End is connected with sound transmission rod 320.

The sound cylinder 310 is a kind of general part, model CDQ2KB25-30DM, its working principle is that one end has Piston rod, from piston side, gas supply cumulative generates air pressure, and air pressure pushes piston to generate thrust stretching, returns by spring or self weight.

Movable bearing external member 340 is drawn to connect with pressure in 320 lower part of cylinder；

If Fig. 3-1, such as Fig. 3-2, such as Fig. 3-3,320 lower beam of the cylinder are provided with screw thread, two-sided groove 341 is drawn with pressure Above groove be connected through a screw thread,

The 342 pull-up convex body sequentially passes through 344 vertical pull-up bottom end bearings, the second pressure draws supporting clapboard 332, perpendicular Being pressed downward the pressure of bottom end bearing 343 and 341 draws two-sided groove lower recess to be connected and fixed, and forms an entirety.

If Fig. 3-2, supporting clapboard 330 include that the first pressure draws the pressure of supporting clapboard 331, second to draw supporting clapboard 332, third pressure Draw supporting clapboard 333, pressure that vertical screw rod 334, pressure is drawn to draw locking nut 335；

It is vertical that first pressure draws the pressure of supporting clapboard 331, second to draw supporting clapboard 332, third pressure that supporting clapboard 333 is drawn to be drawn by pressure Screw rod 334 draws locking nut 335 to be fixedly connected with pressure, forms day font supporting clapboard 330；

The electronic compass 350 is located at 332 second pressures and draws on supporting clapboard；

The torque nut 0511 sequentially passes through gear 0510, third pressure draws cap in supporting clapboard 333 and Model Pile 050 051 connection；

The vertical pull-up bottom end bearing 344, the vertical bottom end bearing 343 that pushes are general part, it acts as Among the contact surface that opposite stress is provided, its horizontal restraint is released, allows to freely horizontally rotate；

(3) pressure draws movable bearing external member 340

Such as Fig. 3-3, it includes that pressure draws two-sided groove 341, pull-up convex body 342, vertically pushes bottom that pressure, which draws movable bearing external member 340, Portion's end bearing 343, vertical pull-up bottom end bearing 344；

Sound transmission rod 320 is connect with pull-up convex body 342 by two-sided groove 341；

Working principle:

Such as Fig. 3-2, supporting clapboard 330 includes that the first pressure draws the pressure of supporting clapboard 331, second to draw supporting clapboard 332, third pressure Draw supporting clapboard 333, pressure that vertical screw rod 334, pressure is drawn to draw locking nut 335；

Supporting clapboard 330 draws vertical screw rod 334, the first, second and third supporting clapboard 331,332,333 by pressure, and pressure zipper is tight Nut 335 connects and composes an entirety.

It is provided with sound cylinder 310, sound transmission rod 320 in the first pressure drawing support plate 331 and vertically pushes bottom end The association that portion's bearing 343 collectively forms；

Pneumatic vibration hammer 350 is provided in the second tension and compression support plate 332；

Model Pile 050 is arranged in third tension and compression support plate 333；

The air pressure of power source unit 700 enters sound cylinder 310, and air pressure is pressed downward sound transmission rod 320, and transmission rod pushes It is stretched out when effect, the vertical bottom end bearing 343 that pushes applies pressure on the second pressure drawing supporting clapboard 332, further passes Model Pile 050 is passed, vertically pushes bottom end bearing 343 at the same time without limitation on the torsion of Model Pile.

The air pressure of power source unit 700 enters sound cylinder 310, and air pressure pulls up sound transmission rod 320, and transmission rod pushes It is stretched out when effect, 344 vertical pull-up bottom end bearings apply pressure at the 1st pressure and draw on supporting clapboard 331, and power passes through the 3rd Pressure draws and further passes to Model Pile 050 on supporting clapboard 331, and 344 vertical pull-up bottom end bearings will not limit at the same time The torsion of simulation stake.

The pneumatic vibration hammer 350 is located at the second pressure and draws supporting clapboard 332, provides a vibration force；

4) hammering load applying unit 400

Such as Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-2, hammering load applying unit 400 includes the 1st cylinder 410 of sequentially connected hammering, hammering the 1st Transmission rod 420, the 2nd cylinder 440 of hammering, hammers the 2nd transmission rod 450 and rams module 460 terminal pad 430；

It rams module 460 and is constituted by ramming bar 461 and trolley 462, trolley 462 is provided on ramming bar 461.

Such as Fig. 4-3, through-hole is provided with inside bar 461 ramming, and its through-hole diameter is straight slightly larger than sound transmission rod 320 Diameter.

The 1st cylinder 410 of the hammering, the 2nd cylinder 440 of hammering are general part, model CDQ2KB25-30DM, work Making principle is that one end has piston rod, and from piston side, gas supply cumulative generates air pressure, and air pressure pushes piston generation thrust to stretch out, leans on bullet Spring or self weight return.

Working principle:

It such as Fig. 4-3, Fig. 4-4, rams and is provided with through-hole inside bar 461, and its through-hole diameter is slightly larger than sound transmission rod 320 Diameter, with guarantee ram bar 461 can with sound transmission rod 320 be axis move along a straight line back and forth and not with sound transmission rod 320 production Raw friction；Such as Fig. 4-2, the 1st cylinder 410 of hammering can control the 1st transmission rod 420 of hammering and move along the vertical direction, hammering the 1st Transmission rod 420 controls terminal pad 430 to control the 2nd cylinder 440 of hammering and move up and down, and the 2nd cylinder 440 of hammering moves up and down then It can control the 2nd transmission rod 450 of hammering to move up and down；When ramming module 460 and ramming Model Pile 050, the 2nd cylinder is hammered 440, which stretch out the 2nd transmission rod 450 of hammering, rams bar 461 to clamp, and hammers the 1st cylinder 410 control the 2nd cylinder of hammering at this time 440 rise, and then control rams module 460 and is axis with sound transmission rod 320 and slides rising along slideway 140, rises to hammer When hitting 410 maximum retraction position of the 1st cylinder, module 460 is rammed in hammering the 2nd cylinder 440 retraction release and then module is rammed in release 460 make it with 320 axis of sound transmission rod and slide free-falling along slideway 140 and ram Model Pile 050；Ram Model Pile Stretching hammering the 1st transmission rod 420 control hammering the 2nd cylinder 440 decline of the 1st cylinder 410 is hammered when 050, when the 1st cylinder of hammering 410 when reaching range, and what the 2nd cylinder 440 of hammering stretched out that hammering the 2nd transmission rod 450 clamping rams module 460 rams bar 461, this is one and rams circulation；By hammering the range of the 1st cylinder 410 centainly to guarantee to ram module 460 every time Drop is identical and then guarantees that the impact energy applied every time is identical；Solenoid valve 740 need to be passed through when dynamic load to be applied In conjunction with specific device size and the requirement of impact energy and the requirement of frequency of impact are tested solenoid valve 740 is arranged and then to control The 1st cylinder 410 of system hammering, the specific stretching for hammering the 2nd cylinder 440 retract the time and to meet above-mentioned circulation requirement；Work as application Also needed when dynamic load in advance the regulating time relay time with control 320 extension elongation of sound transmission rod and by close sound gas The extension elongation of the fixed sound transmission rod 320 of cylinder 310, wherein adjusting 320 extension elongation of sound transmission rod to guarantee sound power transmission Bar 320 and Model Pile 210 have certain distance to act on Model Pile 210 to avoid it；461 center of bar is rammed simultaneously has opened round lead to Hole and its diameter are slightly larger than the diameter of sound transmission rod 320, so as to ram, bar 461 is concentric with sound transmission rod 320 and the two connects Touching is few, and then guarantees to ram the verticality of the whereabouts of bar 461 to a certain extent and can reduce the frictional damping in dropping process； Trolley 462 is slided up and down along slideway 140 during ramming module 460 and moving up and down, so as to guarantee to ram again Verticality in 460 moving process of module can also reduce the frictional damping in its moving process.

5) strain controlling unit 500

Such as Fig. 5, strain controlling unit 500 includes stepper motor 510, motor driver 520, electric machine controller 530, carrying Disk 540 and strain connecting plate 550；

Its connection relationship is:

Electric machine controller 530, motor driver 520, stepper motor 510, strain connecting plate 550 and carrying disk 540 according to Secondary connection；

Strain connecting plate 550 is connect with the middle hollow bracket 112 of bracket 100 by bolt and nut.

(1) stepper motor 510

Stepper motor 510 is a kind of general part, and model MLA20 linear stepping motor, is to change electric impulse signal For the opened loop control element of displacement of the lines；In the case where non-overload, the revolving speed of motor, the position of stopping are solely dependent upon pulse signal Frequency and umber of pulse, without being influenced by load variation, i.e., to stepper motor 510 plus a pulse signal, stepper motor 510 Then turn over a step angle；The presence of this linear relationship, in addition stepper motor 510 only has periodic error and misses without accumulation The features such as poor, so that being controlled in control fields such as speed, positions with stepper motor becomes very simple.

(2) motor driver 520

Motor driver 520 be general part, select model 42BYG34-401, be it is a kind of by electric pulse be converted into angle position The executing agency of shifting.

(3) electric machine controller 530

Electric machine controller 530 is general part, selects model DMA8600048, and effect is to issue uniform electric pulse letter Number.

(4) disk 540 is carried

It is connected with Model Pile pressure chamber unit 200 on carrying disk 540, the upper of control carrying disk 540 can be passed through The climbing speed of raising speed rate and then Controlling model stake pressure chamber unit 200 is with controlled strain rate.

(5) connecting plate 550 is strained

Strain connecting plate 550 is connect with the middle hollow bracket 112 of bracket 100 by bolt and nut.

The working principle of strain controlling unit 500:

Slide strain controlling unit 500 by the left-right position of mobile strain connecting plate 550, strain connecting plate 550 with The middle hollow bracket 112 of bracket 100 is connected by bolt and nut, and bolt and nut need to be backed out when needing to slide；Electric machine controller 530 control motor 510 by control motor driver 520, and motor 510 stretches out to control carrying disk 540 upwards The climbing speed of climbing speed and then Controlling model stake pressure chamber unit 200 is with controlled strain rate.

6) water pressure loading unit 600

Such as Fig. 6-1, water pressure loading unit 600 include confining pressure hole water pressure cylinder 610, pore pressure hole water pressure cylinder 620, Confining pressure hole adds aqueous vapor cylinder 630, pore pressure hole to add aqueous vapor cylinder 640, confining pressure hole socket 650, pore pressure hole socket 660, confining pressure hole piston rod 670, pore pressure hole piston rod 680 and bottom plate 690；

Confining pressure hole water pressure cylinder 610, confining pressure hole piston rod 670, confining pressure hole add aqueous vapor cylinder 630, confining pressure hole socket 650 according to Secondary connection；

Pore pressure hole water pressure cylinder 620, pore pressure hole piston rod 680, pore pressure hole add aqueous vapor cylinder 640, pore pressure hole socket 660 according to Secondary connection；

Supporter of the bottom plate 690 as water pressure loading unit 600.

Add the inner filling water of aqueous vapor cylinder 630 and confining pressure hole socket 650 in confining pressure hole；Add 640 He of aqueous vapor cylinder in pore pressure hole The inner filling water of pore pressure hole socket 660.

The confining pressure hole water pressure cylinder 610, pore pressure hole water pressure cylinder 620, confining pressure hole add aqueous vapor cylinder 630 and pore pressure Hole adds aqueous vapor cylinder 640 and is a kind of general part, model CDQ2KB25-30DM, its working principle is that there is piston rod in one end, from Piston side supplies cumulative and generates air pressure, and air pressure pushes piston to generate thrust stretching, returns by spring or self weight.

The working principle of water pressure loading unit 600:

Such as Fig. 6-2, confining pressure is driven by confining pressure hole piston rod 670 when confining pressure hole water pressure cylinder 610 moves right exhaust Hole adds aqueous vapor cylinder 630 to absorb water, and then 610 air-breathing of confining pressure hole water pressure cylinder drives confining pressure hole that aqueous vapor cylinder 630 is added to push away water, thus right Apply external pressure outside rubber membrane 030 in top glass cover 220 in pile foundation unit 000, simulates the week that the true soil body is subject to Enclose the pressure of the soil body；

Drive pore pressure hole that aqueous vapor cylinder 640 is added to inhale by pore pressure hole piston rod 680 when pore pressure hole water pressure cylinder 620 is vented Water, then 620 air-breathing of pore pressure hole water pressure cylinder drives pore pressure hole that aqueous vapor cylinder 640 is added to push away water, thus in pile foundation unit 000 Calcareous sand in rubber membrane 030 applies internal void water pressure.

Confining pressure hole adds aqueous vapor cylinder 630, pore pressure hole that aqueous vapor cylinder 640 is added to need to be repeated water suction before applying water pressure and push away Water adds aqueous vapor cylinder 640, pore pressure hole socket 660, confining pressure hole to add in aqueous vapor cylinder 630 and confining pressure hole socket 650 so that pore pressure hole is discharged Gas.

6) power source unit 700

Such as Fig. 7-1, Fig. 7-2, power source unit 700 includes air compressor the 710, the 1st, 2 four-way valves 7201,7202, the 1,2 triple valve, 7203,7204, the 1st, 2 ... 8 pressure regulator valve 7301,7302 ... the 7308, the 1st, 2 solenoid valves 7401,7402, The 7501,7502,7503,7504, the 1st, 2,3,4 signal generator 7601 of 1st, 2,3,4 electric Proportion valve, 7602,7603, 7604, the 1st, 2 time relays the 7701,7702, the 1st, 2 power supplys 7801,7802；It is connected by socket.

Above-mentioned component is general part.

The model 800Wx4-620L of the air compressor 710, main function are to provide the compression of certain pressure The atmospheric pressure range peak value of air, output is usually 0-0.7Mpa；Air compressor machine gas outlet is equipped on air compressor 710.

The model AR2000-02 of the pressure regulator valve, main function are the output gas pressure value for adjusting air compressor machine Size, is equipped with pressure regulator valve air inlet and pressure regulation valve air gate on pressure regulator valve, and pressure regulator valve air inlet is connect with air compressor machine gas outlet.

The model N4V210-08 of the solenoid valve is provided with air inlet and air outlet, electromagnetism valve air gate and cylinder Air inlet is connected, and it acts as the on-off of control air-flow.

Model certified products Omron H3Y-2 or the time relay H3Y-2-C AC220H3Y- of the time relay 4, DC24V12V8, main function is the parameter by artificial settings, realizes and is powered, powers off, and controllable energization and power-off Time.

The model SIN-C702 of the signal generator, effect is according to artificial parameter setting, itself can be defeated A voltage signal changed with waveform out, such as function signal generator 760 used in the utility model, generally can be defeated The voltage signal of the different waves such as sinusoidal waveform, linear waveform and zig-zag out.

The working principle of power source unit 700:

The pressure that air compressor 710 generates flows to the 1st, 2 four-way valves the 7201,7202, the 1st, 2 triple valves after socket 7203,7204, then through the 1st, 2 ... 8 pressure regulator valves 7301,7302 ... 7308 control output pressure sizes；By the 1st, 2 electromagnetism The output and interruption for the stream pressure that valve 7401,7402 control units flow to；It is controlled by the 1st, 2 time relays 7701,7702 The time for being powered and powering off.Pressure needed for being provided by above functions component to experiment cylinder.

8) consolidation stress is than applying unit 800

Such as Fig. 8-1, consolidation stress includes pressure transmitting bracket 810, stress ratio connecting plate 820 and pressure than applying unit 800 Power applies module 830；

Its position and connection relationship are:

Groove is provided on pressure transmitting bracket 810 to be connected with pressure application module 830, applies module 830 in pressure Top is provided with stress ratio connecting plate 820；Stress ratio connecting plate 820 is connected by bolt and nut with middle hollow bracket 112.

(1) pressure transmits bracket 810

Such as Fig. 8-1, Fig. 2-6, pressure transmitting bracket 810 is rectangle, is offered among 810 than 050 diameter of Model Pile Hole bigger, more smaller than 040 diameter of soil sample cap, connect with soil sample cap 040；

(2) stress ratio connecting plate 820

Stress ratio connecting plate 820 is one piece of rectangular slab.

(3) pressure applies module 830

Such as Fig. 8-2, it includes cylinder 831, pressure sensor 832, T-shaped iron ruler 833 and the 1st, 2 that pressure, which applies module 830, Displacement meter 8341,8342；

Its position and connection relationship are:

Cylinder 831, pressure sensor 832 and T-shaped iron ruler 833 are sequentially connected, and are distinguished at the both ends of T-shaped iron ruler 833 It is provided with the 1st, 2 displacement meters 8341,8342.

Working principle of the consolidation stress than applying unit 800:

Power source unit 700 to cylinder 831 provide through the 5th pressure regulator valve 7305 adjusting after air pressure, make pressure cylinder 831 to Lower stretching, applies pressure to pressure transmitting bracket 810, and pressure passes to Model Pile 050 through pressure force transfer bracket 810；Pass through shifting Dynamic stress ratio connecting plate 820 left-right position sliding consolidation stress than applying unit 800 position, stress ratio connecting plate 820 with The middle hollow bracket 112 of bracket 100 is connected by bolt and nut, and bolt and nut need to be backed out when needing to slide, needs to apply consolidation It need to be moved to suitable position when stress ratio and tighten nut；By pressure sensor 832, the 1st displacement meter 8341, the 2nd displacement meter 8342 connect the pressure and displacement data that can acquire each moment with computer 1200.

Two, present apparatus test method

1, it loads

1) quiet lotus load

1. requiring configuration Pile side soil 010 according to testing program, the Pile side soil 010 is wrapped up by rubber membrane 030, uses vaseline The pedestal on the lower part of rubber membrane 030 and chassis 230 is sealed, is sealed on 030 top of rubber membrane with Model Pile 050 with vaseline；

2. Model Pile 050 is dismantled and sticks strain in the left half-cell 0531 of Model Pile and the right half-cell 0532 of Model Pile Piece 056；

3. device each unit is connected by figure, ram module 460 without connection；Strain controlling unit 500 is removed And consolidation stress is moved to the underface of pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200 than applying unit 800；

4. water will be full of, and using the air of bleeding emptying socket 640 in pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, according to reality It tests requirement and adjusts the 1st pressure regulator valve 7301, the 2nd pressure regulator valve 7302, the 5th pressure regulator valve 7305, the 6th pressure regulator valve 7306, the 7th pressure regulator valve 7307 to control output pressure size；

5. opening air compressor 510；

6. controlling the 1st, 2,3,4,5 solenoid valves 7401,7402,7403,7404,7405 according to requirement of experiment to control air-flow On-off；

7. after the test, such as without particular/special requirement, should first by the 1st, 2,5,6,7 pressure regulator valves 7301,7302,7305, 7306,7307 it is adjusted to 0, closes air compressor 710, and put the water in pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, take out pile foundation unit 000, and dry rubber membrane 030.

2) live load loads

1. requiring configuration Pile side soil 010 according to testing program, the Pile side soil 010 is wrapped up by rubber membrane 030, uses vaseline The pedestal on the lower part of rubber membrane 030 and chassis 230 is sealed, is sealed on 030 top of rubber membrane with Model Pile 050 with vaseline；

2. Model Pile 050 is dismantled and sticks strain in Model Pile left-half 0531 and Model Pile right half part 0532 Piece 056；

3. device each unit is connected by figure, the requirement choosing with module 460 is rammed and according to impact energy is tested Select the quality for ramming module 460；Strain controlling unit 500 is removed and consolidation stress is moved to mould than applying unit 800 The underface of the pressure chamber Xing Zhuan 200 is determined wherein ramming 460 mass of module by following formula:

Wherein: W_ImpactTo test required impact energy, h is the stroke for hammering the 1st cylinder 410；

4. water will be full of, and using the air of bleeding emptying socket 640 in pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, according to reality It tests requirement and adjusts the 1st, 2,5,6,7 pressure regulator valves 7301,7302,7305,7306,7307 control output pressure size；

5. opening air compressor 710；

6. controlling the 1st, 2,3,4,5 solenoid valves 7401,7402,7403,7404,7405 according to requirement of experiment to control air-flow On-off；

7. after the test, such as without particular/special requirement, should first by the 1st, 2,5,6,7 pressure regulator valves 7301,7302, valve 7305, 7306,7307 it is adjusted to 0, closes air compressor 710, and put the water in pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, take out pile foundation unit 000, and dry rubber membrane 030.

3) strain loading

1. requiring configuration Pile side soil 010 according to testing program, the Pile side soil 010 is wrapped up by rubber membrane, will with vaseline The lower part of rubber thin 030 and the pedestal on chassis 230 seal, and are sealed the top of rubber membrane 030 and Model Pile 050 with vaseline；

2. Model Pile 050 is dismantled and sticks strain in Model Pile left-half 0531 and Model Pile right half part 0532 Piece 056；

3. connecting device each unit by figure, module 460 is rammed without connection, consolidation stress is compared into applying unit 800 remove and are moved to strain controlling unit 500 underface of pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, in electric machine controller 530 The parameter in controlled strain path needed for input is tested；

4. pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200 is full of water, and utilize the air of bleeding emptying socket 640；According to experiment It is required that adjusting the 1st, 2,5,6,7 pressure regulator valves 7301,7302,57305,7306,7307 to control output pressure size；

5. opening air compressor 710；

6. controlling the 1st, 2,3,4,5 solenoid valves 7401,7402,7403,7404,7405 according to requirement of experiment to control air-flow On-off；

7. after the test, such as without particular/special requirement, should first by the 1st, 2,5,6,7 pressure regulator valves 7301,7302,7305, 7306,7307 it is adjusted to 0, closes air compressor 710, and put the water of Model Pile pressure chamber 200, take out pile foundation unit 000, and dry Dry rubber membrane 030.

2, it detects

Such as Figure 10, the sensor that the present apparatus is related to includes soil pressure cell 055, foil gauge 056, dielectric displacement meter 059；

Above-mentioned each sensor is general part, and output end is connect with 1000 input terminal of data collecting instrument, and data are adopted Collection 1000 output end of instrument is connect with 1100 input port of computer.

Computer 1100 obtains the vertical displacement of dielectric displacement meter 059 by data collecting instrument 1000, to obtain in test Vertical Settlement in rating model stake at cap 051.

Computer 1100 obtains the stress data of soil pressure cell 055 by data collecting instrument 1000, to obtain Model Pile The pressure change of pile-end soil 020 at lower cap 054；

Computer 1100 obtains the stress data of foil gauge 056 by data collecting instrument 1000, to obtain Model Pile 050 Pile strain；

Data collecting instrument 1000 is a kind of general part, generally sound state strain data Acquisition Instrument.

Computer 1100 is general part.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of vertical hammering load pile foundation model test apparatus of calcareous sand, it is characterised in that:

Including subjects --- pile foundation unit (000)；

It is provided with bracket (100), pile foundation pressure chamber unit (200), sound load applying unit (300), hammering load and applies list First (400), strain controlling unit (500), water pressure loading unit (600), power source unit (700), soil solidifying stress ratio Applying unit (800), data collecting instrument (1000) and computer (1100)；

The hammering load applying unit (400) includes the 1st cylinder (410) of sequentially connected hammering, the 1st transmission rod of hammering (420), terminal pad (430), the 2nd cylinder (440) of hammering, hammering and are rammed module (460) the 2nd transmission rod (450)；

It rams module (460) and is constituted by ramming bar (461) and trolley (462), trolley (462) are provided on ramming bar (461).

2. the vertical hammering load pile foundation model test apparatus of a kind of calcareous sand according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:

It rams and is provided with through-hole inside bar (461), and its through-hole diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of sound transmission rod (320), to guarantee to ram Hitting bar (461) can be that axis moves along a straight line back and forth and do not generate friction with sound transmission rod (320) with sound transmission rod (320)； Hammer the 1st cylinder (410) can control hammering the 1st transmission rod (420) move along the vertical direction, hammering the 1st transmission rod (420) control Terminal pad (430) processed moves up and down to control the 2nd cylinder (440) of hammering, and the 2nd cylinder (440) of hammering moves up and down then can be with Control the 2nd transmission rod (450) of hammering moves up and down；When ramming module (460) and ramming Model Pile (050), the 2nd cylinder is hammered (440) make to hammer the 2nd transmission rod (450) to stretch out and to clamp ram bar (461), hammer the 1st cylinder (410) control hammering the at this time 2 cylinders (440) rise, and then control rams module (460) and is axis with sound transmission rod (320) and slides along slideway (140) Rise, when rising to hammering the 1st cylinder (410) maximum retraction position, hammering the 2nd cylinder (440) retraction, which unclamps, rams module (460) it and then discharges and rams module (460) it is made with sound transmission rod (320) to be axis and to slide under freedom along slideway (140) It falls and rams Model Pile (050)；The 1st cylinder (410) of hammering stretches out hammering the 1st transmission rod (420) control when ramming Model Pile (050) System hammering the 2nd cylinder (440) decline, when the 1st cylinder (410) of hammering reaches range, the 2nd cylinder (440) of hammering is stretched What module (460) was rammed in the clamping of the 2nd transmission rod (450) of hammering out rams bar (461), this is one and rams circulation；Pass through hammer It is centainly identical and then guarantee each to guarantee to ram module (460) drop every time to hit the range of the 1st cylinder (410) The impact energy of application is identical；Specific device size and experiment pair need to be combined by solenoid valve (740) when dynamic load to be applied The requirement of impact energy and the requirement of frequency of impact are to be arranged solenoid valve (740) and then to control the 1st cylinder (410) of hammering, hammer The specific stretching for hitting the 2nd cylinder (440) retracts the time and to meet above-mentioned circulation requirement；It also needs to adjust in advance when applying dynamic load The section time relay time is to control sound transmission rod (320) extension elongation and by closing sound cylinder (310) fixed sound The extension elongation of transmission rod (320), wherein adjust sound transmission rod (320) extension elongation with guarantee sound transmission rod (320) with Model Pile (050) has certain distance to act on Model Pile (050) to avoid it；Bar (461) center is rammed simultaneously has opened round lead to Hole and its diameter are slightly larger than the diameter of sound transmission rod (320) so that ram bar (461) it is concentric with sound transmission rod (320) and The two contact is few, and then guarantees to ram the verticality of bar (461) whereabouts to a certain extent and can reduce in dropping process Frictional damping；Trolley (462) is slided up and down along slideway (140) during ramming module (460) and moving up and down, so as to Frictional damping in its moving process can also be reduced to guarantee to ram the verticality in module (460) moving process again.