CN209211511U - A kind of calcareous sand horizontal torsion load pile foundation model test apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of calcareous sand horizontal torsion load pile foundation model test apparatus, are related to rock-soil mechanics test field.The structure of the utility model is: torsion load applying unit (900) includes left connecting rod (910), torsion load left-half (920), torsion load right half part (940), right connecting rod (930)；Torsion load left-half (920) and torsion load right half part (940) are respectively placed in the two sides of pile foundation pressure chamber unit (200)；The left connecting rod (910) and right connecting rod (930) being arranged by upper part are connected with upper hollow bracket (111)；Gear (0510) is connect with cap (051) in the Model Pile of Model Pile (050) by reversing fixed screw (0511).The sedimentation of pile foundation and bearer properties under the horizontal torsion environmental load that the present apparatus is used to measure the ultimate bearing capacity of pile foundation and simulation pile foundation military service is subject in the process.

Description

A kind of calcareous sand horizontal torsion load pile foundation model test apparatus

Technical field

The utility model relates to rock-soil mechanics test field more particularly to a kind of calcareous sand horizontal torsion load pile foundation models Experimental rig.

Background technique

The implementation of China ocean islands and reefs engineering construction promotes, most important for China's economy, military affairs and people's livelihood cause；? Carry out and encounter various engineering geological problems in islands and reefs engineering construction, pile foundation engineering is one of basement process in islands and reefs construction The common processing means of kind.It usually requires to consider to be detected and analyzed the bearing capacity of pile foundation in pile foundation engineering, so that it is determined that its Ultimate bearing capacity, while also to consider influence of the environmental load to pile foundation security and stability in Service Environment.On the one hand, for The construction of bearing capacity of pile foundation is carried out frequently with the method for test pile in engineering；Commonly use the dimension at a slow speed of dead load test on pile foundation Loading method is held, Practical Project test pile is more time-consuming and laborious；But the engineering works in marine environment need to bear certain toward contact The dynamic load of frequency, thus from safety, it is to need to carry out pile foundation engineering test of both sound load.And dynamic load Test pile, its main feature is that needing to carry out repeatedly plus to unload load.The mode pair of weight stacking pressure is generallyd use in when Practical Project test pile Pile foundation is further applied load, such as carry out certain cycle-index sound load pile foundation engineering test, human and material resources cost compared with It is high.On the other hand, the pile foundation in ocean dynamical environment can usually obtain the natural ring in environment by the method for observation Border payload data, but it is then a very challenging job that how environmental load, which preferably simulates application, is related to sea The calcareous sand pile foundation model test of foreign environment is even more so.Such as the islands and reefs pile foundation in marine environment, when be subjected to it is a variety of The effect of wind, unrestrained dynamic load, however this kind of wind, unrestrained dynamic load often have size, the direction even variable spy of position How more point, while the fluctuation in stage repeatedly of wave, can also cause the variation of soil strength, to influence pile foundation bearing capacity, Good these wind of simulation, unrestrained load are a very important things.In engineering test pile, it is desirable to be gone by certain loading method The simulation for realizing environmental load is a very difficult thing.And indoor model test uses the principle of similitude, passes through certain contracting Ruler ratio carries out pile foundation test in model casing, and pile foundation model test can preferably analyze relevant conclusion, so that it is determined that With the related law for determining pile foundation carrying.Conventional geotechnical model case generally has having the dimensions, and has preferable effect；Usually adopt Pile foundation environmental load is simulated with the mode of indoor model test, in the acquisition of parameter, model casing is tested often through embedded biography The detection means such as sensor carry out, and by the method for practicing of many years, are gradually approved by people, and improved, can Consider more environmental load factors, facilitate collection parameter, and workload can be greatly reduced.At present for using three axis into Row pile foundation model test is a new approach and direction, utilizes indoor small soil test device, three axis pile foundation models of development Experimental rig has the advantages such as dress sample is accurate, workload is small and data acquisition facilitates.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model, which is that, provides a kind of calcareous sand horizontal torsion load pile foundation model test apparatus, can be with Simulation is applied with confining pressure state drag stake stress in triaxial cell, applies the constant static load in top to Model Pile, from And the effect of a variety of environmental loads to stake such as determine the ultimate bearing capacity of Model Pile, while wind, wave can be simulated, such as multidirectional torsion Turn effect of the load to stake, while it is true to simulate to apply a cyclic load, different size of dead load to Model Pile Project management model state three axis pile foundation model test apparatus.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that

Specifically, the present apparatus includes subjects --- pile foundation unit；

It is provided with bracket, pile foundation pressure chamber unit, sound load applying unit, strain controlling unit, water pressure load list Member, power source unit, soil solidifying stress ratio applying unit, torsion load applying unit, data collecting instrument and computer；

The torsion load applying unit include left connecting rod, torsion load left-half, torsion load right half part, Right connecting rod；

Torsion load left-half and torsion load right half part are respectively placed in the two sides of pile foundation pressure chamber unit；Pass through it The left connecting rod and right connecting rod of top setting are connected with upper hollow bracket；Cap passes through torsion in the Model Pile of gear and Model Pile Fixed screw connection；

Torsion load left-half is by left cylinder, the 1st left handed twist pressure sensor, the T-shaped iron ruler of left handed twist and left rack gear It is sequentially connected composition, reverse left 1st displacement meter and reverses the both ends that left 2nd displacement meter is respectively arranged at the T-shaped iron ruler of left handed twist；

Torsion load right half part is by right cylinder, the 2nd right torsional pressure sensor, the T-shaped iron ruler of right torsion and right rack gear It is sequentially connected composition, reverse right 3rd displacement meter and reverses the both ends that right 4th displacement meter is respectively arranged at the right T-shaped iron ruler of torsion.

Compared with prior art, the utility model have following advantages and the utility model has the advantages that

1. soil body foundation and Model Pile collectively constitute test object of the pile foundation unit as device, water pressure load is single Member, consolidation stress than applying unit, earth stress state in the natural environment of pile foundation unit can be simulated realistically, more close to Engineering pile foundation application environment；

2. sound load applying unit, torsion load applying unit can be applied various forms of respectively by switching in device Load realizes the diversified forms load that multi-functional load applies, in pile foundation Service Environment in Model Pile, multiple functional, operation Easy switching is quick；

3. general purpose transducer is provided in device, in order to obtain corresponding data parameters, output end and data collecting instrument Connection, in a computer by the data storage of acquisition, it is more accurate, accurate to analyze for data collecting instrument.

In short, the present apparatus includes function and detection two large divisions, funtion part includes that pile foundation unit itself is answered in the environment Secondly power state applies multi-functional load to pile foundation unit, and passes through the universal components such as inbuilt sensor, detection of pier foundation unit Stress and Vertical Settlement parameter are a kind of multi-functional, conveniently pile foundation model test apparatus；For measuring the limit of pile foundation The sedimentation of pile foundation and bearer properties under environmental load and project management model state that bearing capacity and simulation pile foundation are subject to during being on active service.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the structural block diagram of the present apparatus,

Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the present apparatus,

Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of pile foundation unit 000；

Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of Model Pile 050,

Fig. 5 is the perspective view of the explosion of Model Pile 050,

Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of bracket 100；

Fig. 7 is 200 structural block diagram of pile foundation pressure chamber unit, and Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional view of pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200,

Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, and Figure 10 is the structural schematic diagram on chassis 230,

Figure 11 is the structural schematic diagram of sealing element 240, and Figure 12 is the scheme of installation of pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200；

Figure 13 is the structural schematic diagram of sound load applying unit 300,

Figure 14 is the scheme of installation of sound load applying unit 300,

Figure 15 is the sectional view of sound load applying unit 340；

Figure 16 is the structural schematic diagram of strain controlling unit 500；

Figure 17 is the structural schematic diagram of water pressure loading unit 600,

Figure 18 is the working principle diagram of water pressure loading unit 600；

Figure 19 is the structural schematic diagram of power source unit 700, and Figure 20 is 700 connection schematic diagram of power source unit；

Figure 21 is structural schematic diagram of the consolidation stress than applying unit 800,

Figure 22 is the structural schematic diagram that pressure applies module 830；Figure 23 is the scheme of installation of pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200

Figure 24 is the structural block diagram of torsion load applying unit 900,

Figure 25 is the structural schematic diagram of torsion load applying unit 900,

Figure 26 is the structural schematic diagram of torsion load left-half 920,

Figure 27 is the structural schematic diagram of torsion load right half part 940；

Figure 28 is the schematic diagram for detecting stress.

In figure:

000-pile foundation unit,

010-Pile side soil, 020-pile-end soil, 030- rubber membrane, 040- soil sample cap,

050-Model Pile,

Cap in 051-Model Pile, 052-pin, 0531-Model Pile left-half,

0532-Model Pile right half part, cap under 054-Model Pile, 055-soil pressure cell,

056-foil gauge, 057- outlet hole, 058- horizontal ruler, 059- dielectric displacement meter, 0510- gear,

0511- reverses fixed screw.

100-brackets,

110-hollow brackets,

111-upper hollow brackets；112-middle hollow brackets；113-lower hollow brackets；

120-lead screws；

130-support plates；

140-slideways.

200-pile foundation pressure chamber units,

220-top glass covers,

221-upper cloche upper disk surfaces,

222-glass infusers,

Disk under 223-upper cloches,

224-fixed lead screws,

225-fixture nuts；

230-chassis,

231-the 1 confining pressure hole, the 232-the 2 confining pressure hole,

233-the 1 pore pressure hole, the 234-the 2 pore pressure hole；

240-sealing elements,

241-type seals, the 242-the 1 sealing ring, the 243-the 2 sealing ring, 244-round nuts.300-is dynamic Dead load applying unit,

310-sound cylinders；

320-sound transmission rods.

330-supporting clapboards,

331-the 1 pressure draws supporting clapboard,

332-the 2 pressure draws supporting clapboard,

333-the 3 pressure draws supporting clapboard,

334-pressures draw vertical screw rod,

335-pressures draw locking nut；

340-pressures draw movable bearing external member,

341-pressures draw two-sided groove,

342-pull-up convex bodys,

343-vertical pushing bottom end bearings,

344-vertical pull-up bottom end bearings；

350- electronic compass.

500-strain controlling units,

510-stepper motors；520-motor drivers；530-electric machine controllers；540-carrying disks；

550-strain connecting plates.

600-water pressure loading units,

610-confining pressure hole water pressure cylinders；620-pore pressure hole water pressure cylinders；630-confining pressure holes add aqueous vapor cylinder；

640-pore pressure holes add aqueous vapor cylinder；650-confining pressure hole sockets；660-pore pressure hole sockets；

670-confining pressure hole piston rods；680-pore pressure hole piston rods；690-bottom plates.

700-power source units

710-air compressors；

7201,7202-the 1,2 four-way valves；

7203,7204-the 1,2 triple valves；

7301,7302 ... 7308-the 1,2 ... 8 pressure regulator valves；

7401,7402-the 1,2 solenoid valves；

7501,7502,7503,7504-the 1,2,3,4 electric Proportion valves；

7601,7602,7603,7604-the 1,2,3,4 signal generators；

7701,7702-the 1,2 time relays；

7801,7802-the 1,2 power supplys.

800-consolidation stress than applying unit,

810-pressure transmit bracket；

820-stress ratio connecting plates；

830-pressure apply module,

831-pressure cylinders, 832-pressure sensors, 833-T-shaped iron rulers,

8341-the 1 displacement meter, the 8342-the 2 displacement meter.

900-torsion load applying units

910-left connecting rods；

920-torsion load left-halfs

921-left cylinders；922-the 1 left handed twist pressure sensor；9231-reverse left 1st displacement meter；

9232-reverse left 2nd displacement meter；The T-shaped iron ruler of 924-left handed twists；925-left rack gears；

930-right connecting rods；

940-torsion load right half parts

941-right cylinders；942-the 2 right torsional pressure sensor；

9431-reverse right 3rd displacement meter；9432-reverse right 4th displacement meter；

944-right T-shaped iron the rulers of torsion；945-right rack gears.

1000- data collecting instrument.

1100- computer.

Specific embodiment

It is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:

One, the structure of the present apparatus

1, overall

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, the present apparatus includes subjects --- pile foundation unit 000；

Be provided with bracket 100, pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, sound load applying unit 300, strain controlling unit 500, Water pressure loading unit 600, power source unit 700, soil solidifying stress ratio applying unit 800 and torsion load applying unit 900, data collecting instrument 1000 and computer 1100；

Its position and connection relationship are:

Upper, middle and lower hollow bracket 111,112,113 is provided on bracket 100；

Sound load applying unit 300, hammering load applying unit are respectively arranged with below upper hollow bracket 111 400 and torsion load applying unit 900；

The upper surface of middle hollow bracket 112 is provided with pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, built in pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200 There is pile foundation unit 000；

Strain controlling unit 500 and soil solidifying stress ratio applying unit are provided with below middle hollow bracket 112 800；

The upper surface of lower hollow bracket 113 is provided with water pressure loading unit 600；

Be arranged in power source unit 700 outside bracket 100 by socket respectively with sound load applying unit 300, hydraulic pressure Power loading unit 600, soil solidifying stress ratio applying unit 800 and torsion load applying unit 900 are connected to, and provide power；

Water pressure loading unit 600 is connected to by socket with pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, and pore water pressure and the soil body are provided External confining pressure；

Sound load applying unit 300, strain controlling unit 500, soil solidifying stress ratio applying unit 800 and torsion lotus The active unit for carrying applying unit 900 is connected with pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200 respectively, provides a variety of loads；

Data collecting instrument 1000 and computer 1100, pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, data are additionally provided with outside bracket 100 Acquisition Instrument 1000 and computer 1100 are sequentially connected, and obtain test data.

Working mechanism is:

Pile foundation unit 000 is the test object of the present apparatus, mainly China ocean islands and reefs calcareous sand (and Model Pile composition Pile foundation)；

Bracket 100 is the supporter of the present apparatus；

Pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200 is the test site of pile foundation unit 000；

Water pressure loading unit 600 and sound load applying unit 300 be to pile foundation unit 000 provide water pressure load and The groundwork environment that sound load applies；

Strain controlling unit 500, soil solidifying stress ratio applying unit 800 and torsion load applying unit 900 are to stake Base unit 000 provides the special task ring that hammering load, strain controlling, soil solidifying stress ratio and torsion load apply respectively The working environment of China ocean islands and reefs is simulated in border；

Power source unit 700 is to provide the power of load；

Pile foundation unit 000 is provided with various sensors, for acquiring data, then by data collecting instrument 1000 and calculates Machine 1100 analyzes data.

2, functional unit

0) pile foundation unit 000

Such as Fig. 3, pile foundation unit 000 is the subjects of the present apparatus, including Pile side soil 010, pile-end soil 020, rubber membrane

030, soil sample cap 040 and Model Pile 050；

Soil sample cap 040, Pile side soil 010 and pile-end soil 020 are in turn connected into a cylindrical body, wrap up in the outer wall of cylindrical body There is rubber membrane 030, the lower part of Model Pile 050 is sequentially inserted into soil sample cap 040 and Pile side soil 010.

(1) Pile side soil 010

Pile side soil 010 is a kind of malm that radii of soil particles is 0.55 in 0.075-5mm range and relative compaction；

(2) pile-end soil 020

Pile-end soil 020 is a kind of cementing calcareous sand for making cement, gypsum and malm according to 3:2:5；

(3) rubber membrane 030

Rubber membrane 030 is a kind of general part.

(4) soil sample cap 040

Soil sample cap 040 is the ring cap that there is hole in a kind of centre.

(5) Model Pile 050

Such as Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Model Pile 050 includes cap 051, pin 052, Model Pile left-half 0531, model in Model Pile Cap 054, soil pressure cell 055 and foil gauge 056, outlet hole 057, horizontal ruler 058, current potential under stake right half part 0532, Model Pile Move meter 059, gear 0510, torsion fixed screw 0511；

Model Pile 050 is an aluminum alloy drum, and the inner wall vehicle at cylinder both ends has standard thread, then uses wire cutting side Formula is split to cylinder center, forms Model Pile left-half 0531 and Model Pile right half part 0532；

Model Pile left-half 0531 and Model Pile right half part 0532 are linked together by pin 052, become one Fixed body；

Cap 054 is respectively upper and lower convex body structure under cap 051 and Model Pile in Model Pile, is located at the top of Model Pile 050 Portion and bottom, vehicle have screw thread, and the Model Pile 050 after merging is threadably secured；

Foil gauge 056 is attached on the inner wall of Model Pile left-half 0531 and Model Pile right half part 0532, soil pressure cell 055 is placed under Model Pile in cap 214；

Lead positioned at 056 end of foil gauge is drawn from the outlet hole 057 being provided in Model Pile left-half 0531, with Data collecting instrument 1000 connects；

Soil pressure cell 055 is by the way of cabling in the raised floor, and the outlet hole at lead 054 center of cap under Model Pile is drawn, warp Top is crossed, draws from the outlet hole 217 being provided in Model Pile left-half 2131, is connect with data collecting instrument 1100；

Reverse the center company that fixed screw 0511 passes through cap 051 on one end and Model Pile of gear 0510 and horizontal ruler 058 Fixation is connect, is connected with dielectric displacement meter 059 in the other end of horizontal ruler 058, dielectric displacement meter 059 is fixed on bracket by Magnetic gauge stand On 100.

Working principle: foil gauge 056 is used for the pile strain of rating model stake 050, and soil pressure cell 055 is used for rating model The pressure change of pile-end soil 020 at the lower cap 054 of stake, dielectric displacement meter 059 is for vertical heavy at cap 051 in rating model stake Drop.

1) bracket 100

Such as Fig. 6, bracket 100 includes hollow bracket 110, lead screw 120, support plate 130 and slideway 140；

Hollow bracket 110 includes upper hollow bracket 111, middle hollow bracket 112 and lower hollow bracket 113；

Bracket 100 connects and composes an entirety by hollow bracket 110, lead screw 120 and support plate 130；In upper hollow branch Slideway 140 is provided on frame 111.

Working principle: upper hollow bracket 111, middle hollow bracket 112 and lower hollow bracket 113 are connected simultaneously by lead screw 120 It is fixed by nut, constitutes the base fixed structure of whole device, pressure needed for being able to bear test keeps whole device Stablize；Hole is provided in support plate 130 not will receive the frictional damping of hollow bracket 110 when the work of strain controlling unit 500, Groove is provided in support plate 130 so that consolidation stress is switched over than applying unit 800 and strain controlling unit 500；Slideway 140 effect is that can guarantee to ram the verticality of the whereabouts of module 460 while reduce its suffered frictional damping of falling.

2) pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200

Such as Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200 includes top glass cover 220, chassis 230 and sealing element 240；

Top glass cover 220 and chassis 230 are vertically connected with into a container, and pile foundation unit 000, model are packed into container It is sealed between stake 050 and top glass cover 220 by sealing element 240.

(1) top glass cover 220

Such as Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 12, top glass cover 220 is a kind of transparent glass cover, and effect is subject to pile foundation unit 000 The confining pressure that water body between middle rubber membrane 030 applies provides to simulate the confining pressure for applying the external soil body to pile foundation unit 000 Closed environment.

Upper cloche 220 includes disk 223 under upper cloche upper disk surface 221, glass infuser 222, upper cloche, fixed lead screw 224 and fixture nut 225；

Disk 223 passes through fixed lead screw 224 and fixed spiral shell under upper cloche upper disk surface 221, glass infuser 222 and upper cloche Mother 225 constitutes an entirety.

(2) chassis 230

Such as Figure 10, chassis 230 is a kind of in three stair-stepping disks, is provided with the 1st confining pressure hole 231, the 2nd confining pressure hole 232, the 1st pore pressure hole 233 and the 2nd pore pressure hole 234.

Working principle: confining pressure needed for water pressure loading unit 600 provides test by the 1st confining pressure hole 231 (water inlet), Pile foundation unit 000 is located in rubber membrane 030, and the effect in the 2nd confining pressure hole 232 is water outlet, by hydraulic pressure to 030 mould of rubber membrane The confining pressure power of quasi- pile foundation unit 000；The effect of 1st pore pressure hole, 233 water outlet is to be by bottom water pressure-loaded unit 600 Pile foundation unit 000 provides water pressure；The effect in the 2nd pore pressure hole 234 is water inlet.

(3) sealing element 240

Such as Figure 11,12, sealing element 240 includes convex shape seal 241, the 1st sealing ring 242, the 2nd sealing ring 243 and circle Shape nut 244；

Convex shape seal 241 is connect with upper cloche upper disk surface 221 by round nut 244, in type seal 241 Portion's vehicle has the back-shaped card slot of certain depth, for installing the 1st sealing ring 242 and the 2nd sealing ring 243；

1st sealing ring 242 and the 2nd sealing ring 243 are general part, and it acts as sealings and lubrication, enable soil sample cap 040 It slides wherein.

3) sound load applying unit 300

Such as Figure 13, sound load applying unit 300 includes the sound cylinder 310 and sound transmission rod 320 being vertically connected with.

Sound cylinder 310 is closely connect by nut with the upper hollow bracket 111 of bracket 100；The activity of sound cylinder 310 End is connected with sound transmission rod 320.

The sound cylinder 310 is a kind of general part, model CDQ2KB25-30DM, its working principle is that one end has Piston rod, from piston side, gas supply cumulative generates air pressure, and air pressure pushes piston to generate thrust stretching, returns by spring or self weight.

Movable bearing external member 340 is drawn to connect with pressure in 320 lower part of cylinder；

If Figure 13, such as Figure 14, such as Figure 15,320 lower beam of the cylinder are provided with screw thread, drawn above two-sided groove 341 with pressure Groove is connected through a screw thread,

The 342 pull-up convex body sequentially passes through 344 vertical pull-up bottom end bearings, the second pressure draws supporting clapboard 332, perpendicular Being pressed downward the pressure of bottom end bearing 343 and 341 draws two-sided groove lower recess to be connected and fixed, and forms an entirety.

If Figure 14, supporting clapboard 330 include that the first pressure draws the pressure of supporting clapboard 331, second to draw supporting clapboard 332, third pressure Draw supporting clapboard 333, pressure that vertical screw rod 334, pressure is drawn to draw locking nut 335；

It is vertical that first pressure draws the pressure of supporting clapboard 331, second to draw supporting clapboard 332, third pressure that supporting clapboard 333 is drawn to be drawn by pressure Screw rod 334 draws locking nut 335 to be fixedly connected with pressure, forms day font supporting clapboard 330；

The electronic compass 350 is located at 332 second pressures and draws on supporting clapboard；

The torque nut 0511 sequentially passes through gear 0510, third pressure draws cap in supporting clapboard 333 and Model Pile 050 051 connection；

The vertical pull-up bottom end bearing 344, the vertical bottom end bearing 343 that pushes are general part, it acts as Among the contact surface that opposite stress is provided, its horizontal restraint is released, allows to freely horizontally rotate；

(3) pressure draws movable bearing external member 340

Such as Figure 15, it includes that pressure draws two-sided groove 341, pull-up convex body 342, vertically pushes bottom that pressure, which draws movable bearing external member 340, Portion's end bearing 343, vertical pull-up bottom end bearing 344；

Sound transmission rod 320 is connect with pull-up convex body 342 by two-sided groove 341；

Working principle:

Such as Figure 14, supporting clapboard 330 includes that the first pressure draws the pressure of supporting clapboard 331, second to draw supporting clapboard 332, third pressure Draw supporting clapboard 333, pressure that vertical screw rod 334, pressure is drawn to draw locking nut 335；

Supporting clapboard 330 draws vertical screw rod 334, the first, second and third supporting clapboard 331,332,333 by pressure, and pressure zipper is tight Nut 335 connects and composes an entirety.

It is provided with sound cylinder 310, sound transmission rod 320 in the first pressure drawing support plate 331 and vertically pushes bottom end The association that portion's bearing 343 collectively forms；

Pneumatic vibration hammer 350 is provided in the second tension and compression support plate 332；

Model Pile 050 is arranged in third tension and compression support plate 333；

The air pressure of power source unit 700 enters sound cylinder 310, and air pressure is pressed downward sound transmission rod 320, and transmission rod pushes It is stretched out when effect, the vertical bottom end bearing 343 that pushes applies pressure on the second pressure drawing supporting clapboard 332, further passes Model Pile 050 is passed, vertically pushes bottom end bearing 343 at the same time without limitation on the torsion of Model Pile.

The air pressure of power source unit 700 enters sound cylinder 310, and air pressure pulls up sound transmission rod 320, and transmission rod pushes It is stretched out when effect, 344 vertical pull-up bottom end bearings apply pressure at the 1st pressure and draw on supporting clapboard 331, and power passes through the 3rd Pressure draws and further passes to Model Pile 050 on supporting clapboard 331, and 344 vertical pull-up bottom end bearings will not limit at the same time The torsion of simulation stake.

The electronic compass 350 is located at the second pressure and draws supporting clapboard 332, can recorde reading；

5) strain controlling unit 500

Such as Figure 16, strain controlling unit 500 includes stepper motor 510, motor driver 520, electric machine controller 530, holds Carry disk 540 and strain connecting plate 550；

Its connection relationship is:

Electric machine controller 530, motor driver 520, stepper motor 510, strain connecting plate 550 and carrying disk 540 according to Secondary connection；

Strain connecting plate 550 is connect with the middle hollow bracket 112 of bracket 100 by bolt and nut.

(1) stepper motor 510

Stepper motor 510 is a kind of general part, and model MLA20 linear stepping motor, is to change electric impulse signal For the opened loop control element of displacement of the lines；In the case where non-overload, the revolving speed of motor, the position of stopping are solely dependent upon pulse signal Frequency and umber of pulse, without being influenced by load variation, i.e., to stepper motor 510 plus a pulse signal, stepper motor 510 Then turn over a step angle；The presence of this linear relationship, in addition stepper motor 510 only has periodic error and misses without accumulation The features such as poor, so that being controlled in control fields such as speed, positions with stepper motor becomes very simple.

(2) motor driver 520

Motor driver 520 be general part, select model 42BYG34-401, be it is a kind of by electric pulse be converted into angle position The executing agency of shifting.

(3) electric machine controller 530

Electric machine controller 530 is general part, selects model DMA8600048, and effect is to issue uniform electric pulse letter Number.

(4) disk 540 is carried

It is connected with Model Pile pressure chamber unit 200 on carrying disk 540, the upper of control carrying disk 540 can be passed through The climbing speed of raising speed rate and then Controlling model stake pressure chamber unit 200 is with controlled strain rate.

(5) connecting plate 550 is strained

Strain connecting plate 550 is connect with the middle hollow bracket 112 of bracket 100 by bolt and nut.

The working principle of strain controlling unit 500:

Slide strain controlling unit 500 by the left-right position of mobile strain connecting plate 550, strain connecting plate 550 with The middle hollow bracket 112 of bracket 100 is connected by bolt and nut, and bolt and nut need to be backed out when needing to slide；Electric machine controller 530 control motor 510 by control motor driver 520, and motor 510 stretches out to control carrying disk 540 upwards The climbing speed of climbing speed and then Controlling model stake pressure chamber unit 200 is with controlled strain rate.

6) water pressure loading unit 600

Such as Figure 17, water pressure loading unit 600 include confining pressure hole water pressure cylinder 610, pore pressure hole water pressure cylinder 620, Confining pressure hole adds aqueous vapor cylinder 630, pore pressure hole to add aqueous vapor cylinder 640, confining pressure hole socket 650, pore pressure hole socket 660, confining pressure hole piston rod 670, pore pressure hole piston rod 680 and bottom plate 690；

Confining pressure hole water pressure cylinder 610, confining pressure hole piston rod 670, confining pressure hole add aqueous vapor cylinder 630, confining pressure hole socket 650 according to Secondary connection；

Pore pressure hole water pressure cylinder 620, pore pressure hole piston rod 680, pore pressure hole add aqueous vapor cylinder 640, pore pressure hole socket 660 according to Secondary connection；

Supporter of the bottom plate 690 as water pressure loading unit 600.

Add the inner filling water of aqueous vapor cylinder 630 and confining pressure hole socket 650 in confining pressure hole；Add 640 He of aqueous vapor cylinder in pore pressure hole The inner filling water of pore pressure hole socket 660.

The confining pressure hole water pressure cylinder 610, pore pressure hole water pressure cylinder 620, confining pressure hole add aqueous vapor cylinder 630 and pore pressure Hole adds aqueous vapor cylinder 640 and is a kind of general part, model CDQ2KB25-30DM, its working principle is that there is piston rod in one end, from Piston side supplies cumulative and generates air pressure, and air pressure pushes piston to generate thrust stretching, returns by spring or self weight.

The working principle of water pressure loading unit 600:

Such as Figure 18, confining pressure hole is driven by confining pressure hole piston rod 670 when confining pressure hole water pressure cylinder 610 moves right exhaust Aqueous vapor cylinder 630 is added to absorb water, then 610 air-breathing of confining pressure hole water pressure cylinder drives confining pressure hole that aqueous vapor cylinder 630 is added to push away water, thus to upper Apply external pressure outside rubber membrane 030 in portion's cloche 220 in pile foundation unit 000, simulates around the true soil body is subject to The pressure of the soil body；

Drive pore pressure hole that aqueous vapor cylinder 640 is added to inhale by pore pressure hole piston rod 680 when pore pressure hole water pressure cylinder 620 is vented Water, then 620 air-breathing of pore pressure hole water pressure cylinder drives pore pressure hole that aqueous vapor cylinder 640 is added to push away water, thus in pile foundation unit 000 Calcareous sand in rubber membrane 030 applies internal void water pressure.

Confining pressure hole adds aqueous vapor cylinder 630, pore pressure hole that aqueous vapor cylinder 640 is added to need to be repeated water suction before applying water pressure and push away Water adds aqueous vapor cylinder 640, pore pressure hole socket 660, confining pressure hole to add in aqueous vapor cylinder 630 and confining pressure hole socket 650 so that pore pressure hole is discharged Gas.

6) power source unit 700

Such as Figure 19, Figure 20, power source unit 700 includes air compressor the 710, the 1st, 2 four-way valves 7201,7202, the 1st, 2 7203,7204, the 1st, 2 ... 8 pressure regulator valve 7301 of triple valve, 7302 ... the 7308, the 1st, 2 solenoid valves the 7401,7402, the 1st, 2,3,4 electric Proportion valve, 7501,7502,7503,7504, the 1st, 2,3,4 signal generator 7601,7602,7603,7604, the 1,2 time relay, 7701,7702, the 1st, 2 power supply 7801,7802；It is connected by socket.

Above-mentioned component is general part.

The model 800Wx4-620L of the air compressor 710, main function are to provide the compression of certain pressure The atmospheric pressure range peak value of air, output is usually 0-0.7Mpa；Air compressor machine gas outlet is equipped on air compressor 710.

The model AR2000-02 of the pressure regulator valve, main function are the output gas pressure value for adjusting air compressor machine Size, is equipped with pressure regulator valve air inlet and pressure regulation valve air gate on pressure regulator valve, and pressure regulator valve air inlet is connect with air compressor machine gas outlet.

The model N4V210-08 of the solenoid valve is provided with air inlet and air outlet, electromagnetism valve air gate and cylinder Air inlet is connected, and it acts as the on-off of control air-flow.

Model certified products Omron H3Y-2 or the time relay H3Y-2-C AC220H3Y- of the time relay 4, DC24V12V8, main function is the parameter by artificial settings, realizes and is powered, powers off, and controllable energization and power-off Time.

The model SIN-C702 of the signal generator, effect is according to artificial parameter setting, itself can be defeated A voltage signal changed with waveform out, such as function signal generator 760 used in the utility model, generally can be defeated The voltage signal of the different waves such as sinusoidal waveform, linear waveform and zig-zag out.

The working principle of power source unit 700:

The pressure that air compressor 710 generates flows to the 1st, 2 four-way valves the 7201,7202, the 1st, 2 triple valves after socket 7203,7204, then through the 1st, 2 ... 8 pressure regulator valves 7301,7302 ... 7308 control output pressure sizes；By the 1st, 2 electromagnetism The output and interruption for the stream pressure that valve 7401,7402 control sections flow to；It is controlled by the 1st, 2 time relays 7701,7702 The time for being powered and powering off.Pressure needed for being provided by above functions component to experiment cylinder.

8) consolidation stress is than applying unit 800 (uplift load unit 800)

Such as Figure 21, consolidation stress includes pressure transmitting bracket 810, stress ratio connecting plate 820 and pressure than applying unit 800 Apply module 830；

Its position and connection relationship are:

Groove is provided on pressure transmitting bracket 810 to be connected with pressure application module 830, applies module 830 in pressure Top is provided with stress ratio connecting plate 820；Stress ratio connecting plate 820 is connected by bolt and nut with middle hollow bracket 112.

(1) pressure transmits bracket 810

Such as Figure 21, Figure 12, pressure transmitting bracket 810 is rectangle, offers among 810 and omit than 050 diameter of Model Pile Greatly, the hole more smaller than 040 diameter of soil sample cap, connect with soil sample cap 040；

(2) stress ratio connecting plate 820

Stress ratio connecting plate 820 is one piece of rectangular slab.

(3) pressure applies module 830

Such as Figure 22, it includes cylinder 831, pressure sensor 832, T-shaped iron ruler 833 and the 1st, 2 that pressure, which applies module 830, Displacement meter 8341,8342；

Its position and connection relationship are:

Cylinder 831, pressure sensor 832 and T-shaped iron ruler 833 are sequentially connected, and are distinguished at the both ends of T-shaped iron ruler 833 It is provided with the 1st, 2 displacement meters 8341,8342.

Working principle of the consolidation stress than applying unit 800:

Power source unit 700 to cylinder 831 provide through the 5th pressure regulator valve 7305 adjusting after air pressure, make pressure cylinder 831 to Lower stretching, applies pressure to pressure transmitting bracket 810, and pressure passes to Model Pile 050 through pressure force transfer bracket 810；Pass through shifting Dynamic stress ratio connecting plate 820 left-right position sliding consolidation stress than applying unit 800 position, stress ratio connecting plate 820 with The middle hollow bracket 112 of bracket 100 is connected by bolt and nut, and bolt and nut need to be backed out when needing to slide, needs to apply consolidation It need to be moved to suitable position when stress ratio and tighten nut；By pressure sensor 832, the 1st displacement meter 8341, the 2nd displacement meter 8342 connect the pressure and displacement data that can acquire each moment with computer 1200.

Such as Figure 21, consolidation stress includes pressure transmitting bracket 810, stress ratio connecting plate 820 and pressure than applying unit 800 Apply module 830；

Its position and connection relationship are:

Groove is provided on pressure transmitting bracket 810 to be connected with pressure application module 830, applies module 830 in pressure Top is provided with stress ratio connecting plate 820；Stress ratio connecting plate 820 is connected by bolt and nut with middle hollow bracket 112.

(1) pressure transmits bracket 810

Such as Figure 21, Figure 12, pressure transmitting bracket 810 is rectangle, offers among 810 and omit than 050 diameter of Model Pile Greatly, the hole more smaller than 040 diameter of soil sample cap, connect with soil sample cap 040；

(2) stress ratio connecting plate 820

Stress ratio connecting plate 820 is one piece of rectangular slab.

(3) pressure applies module 830

Such as Figure 22, it includes cylinder 831, pressure sensor 832, T-shaped iron ruler 833 and the 1st, 2 that pressure, which applies module 830, Displacement meter 8341,8342；

Its position and connection relationship are:

Cylinder 831, pressure sensor 832 and T-shaped iron ruler 833 are sequentially connected, and are distinguished at the both ends of T-shaped iron ruler 833 It is provided with the 1st, 2 displacement meters 8341,8342.

Working principle of the consolidation stress than applying unit 800:

Power source unit 700 to cylinder 831 provide through the 5th pressure regulator valve 7305 adjusting after air pressure, make pressure cylinder 831 to Lower stretching, applies pressure to pressure transmitting bracket 810, and pressure passes to Model Pile 050 through pressure force transfer bracket 810；Pass through shifting Dynamic stress ratio connecting plate 820 left-right position sliding consolidation stress than applying unit 800 position, stress ratio connecting plate 820 with The middle hollow bracket 112 of bracket 100 is connected by bolt and nut, and bolt and nut need to be backed out when needing to slide, needs to apply consolidation It need to be moved to suitable position when stress ratio and tighten nut；By pressure sensor 832, the 1st displacement meter 8341, the 2nd displacement meter 8342 connect the pressure and displacement data that can acquire each moment with computer 1200.

9) torsion load applying unit 900

Such as Figure 23,24, Figure 11, torsion load applying unit 900 includes left connecting rod 910, torsion load left-half 920, torsion load right half part 940, right connecting rod 930,

Torsion load left-half 920 and torsion load right half part 940 are respectively placed in the two of pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200 Side；The left connecting rod 910 and right connecting rod 930 being arranged by upper part are connected with upper hollow bracket 111；Gear 0510 and model Cap 051 is connected by torsion fixed screw 0511 in the Model Pile of stake 050；

Such as Figure 25, torsion load left-half 920 is by left cylinder 921, the 1st left handed twist pressure sensor 922, left handed twist T Font iron ruler 924 and left rack gear 925 are sequentially connected composition, the 1st displacement meter 9231 of a torsion left side and left 2nd displacement meter 9232 of torsion It is respectively arranged at the both ends of the T-shaped iron ruler 924 of left handed twist；

Such as Figure 26, torsion load right half part 940 is by right cylinder 941, the 2nd right torsional pressure sensor 942, right torsion T Font iron ruler 944 and right rack gear 945 are sequentially connected composition, the 3rd displacement meter 9431 of the torsion right side and right 4th displacement meter 9432 of torsion It is respectively arranged at the both ends of the right T-shaped iron ruler 944 of torsion.

The working principle of torsion load applying unit 900:

Power unit 700 is provided to left cylinder 921, right cylinder 941 and is adjusted through the 3rd pressure regulator valve 7303, the 4th pressure regulator valve 7304 Air pressure afterwards makes left rack gear 925, the movement of right rack gear 945 to move with moving gear 0510 and then apply torsion to Model Pile 050 Load；By the 1st left handed twist pressure sensor 922, reverse left 1st displacement meter 9231, left the 9232, the 2nd right side of 2nd displacement meter of torsion Torsional pressure sensor 942 reverses right 3rd displacement meter 9431 and reverses right 4th displacement meter 9432 acquisition test data.

Two, the test method of the present apparatus

1, it loads

1) quiet lotus load

1. requiring configuration Pile side soil 010 according to testing program, the Pile side soil 010 is wrapped up by rubber membrane 030, uses vaseline The pedestal on the lower part of rubber membrane 030 and chassis 230 is sealed, it is with vaseline that the top of rubber membrane 030 and Model Pile 050 is close Envelope；

2. Model Pile 050 is dismantled and sticks strain in Model Pile left-half 0531 and Model Pile right half part 0532 Piece 056；

3. device each unit is connected by figure, ram module 460 without connection；Strain controlling unit 500 is removed And consolidation stress is moved to the underface of pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200 than applying unit 800；

4. water will be full of, and using the air of bleeding emptying socket 640 in pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, according to reality It tests requirement and adjusts the 1st pressure regulator valve 7301, the 2nd pressure regulator valve 7302, the 5th pressure regulator valve 7305, the 6th pressure regulator valve 7306, the 7th pressure regulator valve 7307 to control output pressure size；

5. opening air compressor 510；

6. controlling the 1st, 2,3,4,5 solenoid valves 7401,7402,7403,7404,7405 according to requirement of experiment to control air-flow On-off；

7. after the test, such as without particular/special requirement, should first by the 1st, 2,5,6,7 pressure regulator valves 7301,7302,7305, 7306,7307 it is adjusted to 0, closes air compressor 710, and put the water in pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, take out pile foundation unit 000, and dry rubber membrane 030.

2) live load loads

1. requiring configuration Pile side soil 010 according to testing program, the Pile side soil 010 is wrapped up by rubber membrane 030, uses vaseline The pedestal on the lower part of rubber membrane 030 and chassis 230 is sealed, it is with vaseline that the top of rubber membrane 030 and Model Pile 050 is close Envelope；

2. Model Pile 050 is dismantled and sticks strain in Model Pile left-half 0531 and Model Pile right half part 0532 Piece 056；

3. water will be full of, and using the air of bleeding emptying socket 640 in pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, according to reality It tests requirement and adjusts the 1st, 2,5,6,7 pressure regulator valves 7301,7302,7305,7306,7307 control output pressure size；

4. opening air compressor 710；

5. controlling the 1st, 2,3,4,5 solenoid valves 7401,7402,7403,7404,7405 according to requirement of experiment to control air-flow On-off；

6. after the test, such as without particular/special requirement, should first by the 1st, 2,5,6,7 pressure regulator valves 7301,7302, valve 7305, 7306,7307 it is adjusted to 0, closes air compressor 710, and put the water in pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, take out pile foundation unit 000, and dry rubber membrane 030.

3) strain loading

1. requiring configuration Pile side soil 010 according to testing program, the Pile side soil 010 is wrapped up by rubber membrane, will with vaseline The lower part of rubber thin 030 and the pedestal on chassis 230 seal, and are sealed the top of rubber membrane 030 and Model Pile 050 with vaseline；

2. Model Pile 050 is dismantled and sticks strain in Model Pile left-half 0531 and Model Pile right half part 0532 Piece 056；

3. connecting device each unit by figure, module 460 is rammed without connection, consolidation stress is compared into applying unit 800 remove and are moved to strain controlling unit 500 underface of pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, in electric machine controller 530 The parameter in controlled strain path needed for input is tested；

4. pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200 is full of water, and utilize the air of bleeding emptying socket 640；According to experiment It is required that adjusting the 1st, 2,5,6,7 pressure regulator valves 7301,7302,57305,7306,7307 to control output pressure size；

5. opening air compressor 710；

6. controlling the 1st, 2,3,4,5 solenoid valves 7401,7402,7403,7404,7405 according to requirement of experiment to control air-flow On-off；

7. after the test, such as without particular/special requirement, should first by the 1st, 2,5,6,7 pressure regulator valves 7301,7302,7305, 7306,7307 it is adjusted to 0, closes air compressor 710, and put the water of Model Pile pressure chamber 200, take out pile foundation unit 000, and dry Dry rubber membrane 030.

4) torsion load

1. requiring configuration Pile side soil 010 according to testing program, the Pile side soil 010 is wrapped up by rubber membrane 030, uses vaseline The pedestal on the lower part of rubber membrane 030 and chassis 230 is sealed, it is with vaseline that the top of rubber membrane 030 and Model Pile 050 is close Envelope；

2. Model Pile 050 is dismantled and sticks strain in Model Pile left-half 0531 and Model Pile right half part 0532 Piece 056；

3. device each unit is connected by figure, ram module 460 without connection；Strain controlling unit 500 is removed And consolidation stress is moved to the underface of pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200 than applying unit 800；Gear 0511 need to be connected to In Model Pile 050；

4. pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200 is full of water, and using the air of bleeding emptying socket 640, according to experiment It is required that adjusting the 1st, 2,3,4,5,6,7 pressure regulator valves 7301,7302,7303,7304,7305,7306,7307 to control output pressure Size；

5. opening air compressor 710；

6. controlling the 1st, 2,3,4,5 solenoid valves 7401,7402,7403,7404,7405 according to requirement of experiment to control air-flow On-off, guarantee left cylinder 921 it is equal with the air pressure in right cylinder 931, make Model Pile 050 by torque；Wherein torque by with Lower formula determines:

M=2PSr

Wherein: P is air pressure, and S is cylinder cross-sectional area, and r is gear diameter；

7. after the test, such as without particular/special requirement, should first by the 1st, 2,3,4,5,6,7 pressure regulator valves 7301,7302,7303, 7304,7305,7306,7307 it is adjusted to 0, closes air compressor 710, and bleed off the water of pile foundation pressure chamber unit 200, taken out Pile foundation unit 000, and dry rubber membrane 030.

2, it detects

Such as Figure 27, the sensor that the present apparatus is related to includes soil pressure cell 055, foil gauge 056, the 059, the 1st left side of dielectric displacement meter Torsional pressure sensor 922 reverses left 1st displacement meter 9231, reverses left 2nd displacement meter 9232, the 2nd right torsional pressure sensor 942, it reverses right 3rd displacement meter 9431 and reverses right 4th displacement meter 9432；

Above-mentioned each sensor is general part, and output end is connect with 1000 input terminal of data collecting instrument, and data are adopted Collection 1000 output end of instrument is connect with 1100 input port of computer.

Computer 1100 obtains the vertical displacement of dielectric displacement meter 059 by data collecting instrument 1000, to obtain in test Vertical Settlement in rating model stake at cap 051.

Computer 1100 obtains the stress data of soil pressure cell 055 by data collecting instrument 1000, to obtain Model Pile The pressure change of pile-end soil 020 at lower cap 054；

Computer 1100 obtains the stress data of foil gauge 056 by data collecting instrument 1000, to obtain Model Pile 050 Pile strain；

Computer 1100 is obtained by data collecting instrument 1000 to be reversed left 1st displacement meter 9231, reverses left 2nd displacement meter 9232, the 2nd right torsional pressure sensor 942, right 3rd displacement meter 9431 of torsion and right 4th displacement meter 9432 of torsion, to obtain Model Pile 050 twisting resistance and torsional displacement under Torsional Loading in test.

Data collecting instrument 1000 is a kind of general part, generally sound state strain data Acquisition Instrument.

Computer 1100 is general part.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of calcareous sand horizontal torsion load pile foundation model test apparatus, it is characterised in that:

Including subjects --- pile foundation unit (000)；

It is provided with bracket (100), pile foundation pressure chamber unit (200), sound load applying unit (300), strain controlling unit (500), water pressure loading unit (600), power source unit (700), soil solidifying stress ratio applying unit (800) and torsion lotus Carry applying unit (900), data collecting instrument (1000) and computer (1100)；

The torsion load applying unit (900) includes left connecting rod (910), torsion load left-half (920), torsion lotus Carry right half part (940), right connecting rod (930)；

Torsion load left-half (920) and torsion load right half part (940) are respectively placed in pile foundation pressure chamber unit (200) Two sides；The left connecting rod (910) and right connecting rod (930) being arranged by upper part are connected with upper hollow bracket (111)；Gear (0510) it is connect with cap (051) in the Model Pile of Model Pile (050) by reversing fixed screw (0511)；

Torsion load left-half (920) is by left cylinder (921), the 1st left handed twist pressure sensor (922), the T-shaped iron of left handed twist Ruler (924) and left rack gear (925) are sequentially connected composition, reverse left 1st displacement meter (9231) and reverse left 2nd displacement meter (9232) It is respectively arranged at the both ends of the T-shaped iron ruler (924) of left handed twist；

Torsion load right half part (940) is by right cylinder (941), the 2nd right torsional pressure sensor (942), the right T-shaped iron of torsion Ruler (944) and right rack gear (945) are sequentially connected composition, reverse right 3rd displacement meter (9431) and reverse right 4th displacement meter (9432) It is respectively arranged at the both ends of the right T-shaped iron ruler (944) of torsion.