CN209134429U - Phase decoding device and quantum key distribution system based on 90 degree of welding difference control - Google Patents
Phase decoding device and quantum key distribution system based on 90 degree of welding difference control Download PDFInfo
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- CN209134429U CN209134429U CN201821758786.3U CN201821758786U CN209134429U CN 209134429 U CN209134429 U CN 209134429U CN 201821758786 U CN201821758786 U CN 201821758786U CN 209134429 U CN209134429 U CN 209134429U
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Abstract
A kind of phase decoding device and quantum key distribution system based on 90 degree of welding difference control.Phase decoding device includes: the beam splitter and bundling device by two optical path optical couplings, there is phase-modulator at least one optical path in beam splitter front end or two optical paths, at least one optical path in two optical paths includes at least two sections of polarization maintaining optical fibres, comprising by making the slow axis of one section of polarization maintaining optical fibre be directed at the fast axle of another section of polarization maintaining optical fibre at least one 90 degree of fusion point that welding is formed at least one optical path, the polarization state that two optical paths and optical device thereon are constructed such that in two orthogonal polarisation states of input optical pulse differs the integral multiple of 2 π in beam splitting to the phase difference through two optic paths during closing beam with another polarization state through the phase difference of two optic paths.The utility model by using 90 degree of weldings polarization maintaining optical fibre, it is easier to realization stablize decoded phase difference requirement, thus realize environment resistant interference stable phase angle decoding.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to optical transport private communication technology fields, more particularly to one kind to be differed based on 90 degree of weldings
The phase decoding device and quantum key distribution system of control.
Background technique
Quantum Secure Communication is the forward position focus field that quantum physics are combined with information science.Based on quantum key
Distribution technology and one time cryptosystem principle, quantum secret communication can be in the safe transmissions of overt channel realization information.Quantum is close
Key distribution, can be between users based on physical principles such as quantum mechanics Heisenberg uncertainty relationship, quantum non-clone principles
Safely shared key, and can detecte potential eavesdropping behavior, it can be applied to the high safeties such as national defence, government affairs, finance, electric power
The field of demand.
Currently, the encoding scheme of quantum key distribution mainly uses polarization encoder and phase code.Ground quantum key point
Hair is based primarily upon fibre channel transmission, and light pulse is during Fiber quantum transmission, because that there are sections is non-for optical fiber fabrication
Circle is symmetrical, fiber core refractive index radially the non-idealities such as uneven distribution and optical fiber in the actual environment by temperature, answer
Change, bending etc. influence, and generate random birefringence effect.It when using polarization encoder, is influenced by optical fiber random birefringence, polarization is compiled
When the quantum state of code reaches receiving end after long-distance optical fiber transmits, random variation is had occurred in light pulse polarization state, causes error code
Rate increases, and needs to increase correcting device, increases system complexity and cost, and to strong jammings such as aerial optical cable, road and bridge optical cables
Situation is difficult to stable application.Compared to polarization encoder, phase code using the phase difference of front and back light pulse come encoded information, it is long away from
Holding can be stablized in the process from fibre channel transmission.However phase encoding scheme interfere decoding when, because of transmission fiber and volume
Interferometer influence of fiber birefringence is decoded, there is polarization induction fading problem, cause decoding interference unstable.Equally, if increasing
Correcting device also increases system complexity and cost although only needing to rectify a deviation to a kind of polarization state.To quantum key point
Phase encoding scheme is sent out, it is logical based on existing optical cable infrastructure progress quantum secure for how carrying out to stability and high efficiency interference decoding
Believe the hot spot and problem of application.
Utility model content
The main purpose of the utility model is that proposing a kind of 90 degree of weldings difference control (alternatively referred to as " phase difference control
System ") phase decoding device and quantum key distribution system, to solve phase code quantum key distribution application in because aforementioned
Polarization state variation caused by receiving end interference output unstable result the problem of.
To achieve the above object, the utility model provides at least following technical scheme:
1. a kind of phase decoding device based on 90 degree of welding difference control, which is characterized in that the phase decoding device
It include: beam splitter and bundling device, the beam splitter and the bundling device are by two optical path optical couplings, wherein before the beam splitter
There is phase-modulator at least one optical path in end or two optical paths,
The beam splitter is configured for the beam splitting of input optical pulse all the way of incident random polarization state being two-way light arteries and veins
Punching；
At least one optical path in two optical paths includes at least two sections of polarization maintaining optical fibres, and two optical paths are configured to use
In transmitting the two-way light pulse respectively, and for realizing the relative time delay of the two-way light pulse；
The phase-modulator is configured for any of the incidence before the beam splitting through the optic path where it
At least one of the input optical pulse all the way of polarization state or the two-way light pulse carry out phase according to quantum key distribution agreement
Position modulation；
The bundling device is configured for closing the two-way light pulse into beam output,
Wherein, at least one optical path in two optical paths comprising by make the slow axis of one section of polarization maintaining optical fibre with
At least one 90 degree of fusion point that the fast axle alignment welding of another section of polarization maintaining optical fibre is formed, and wherein, two optical paths and
Optical device thereon is configured to, control a polarization state in two orthogonal polarisation states of the input optical pulse beam splitting extremely
Phase difference and phase of another polarization state through two optic paths during conjunction beam through two optic paths
Official post obtains the integral multiple that two phase differences differ 2 π.
2. the phase decoding device according to scheme 1 based on 90 degree of welding difference control, which is characterized in that described two
Optical path and optical device thereon are further constructed to, and control a polarization eigen state of the polarization maintaining optical fibre at described two
The first distance of the distance and the distance through slow axis transmission transmitted when being transmitted in an optical path in optical path through polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle
Difference and the polarization eigen state in another optical path in two optical paths transmit when through polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle transmit away from
From with transmit through slow axis with a distance from second range difference so that first distance difference and second range difference difference beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber
Integral multiple.
3. the phase decoding device based on 90 degree of welding difference control according to scheme 1 or 2, which is characterized in that institute
Stating two optical paths includes 90 degree of fusion points, and each fusion point is located at the midpoint of place optical path.
4. the phase decoding device based on 90 degree of welding difference control according to scheme 1 or 2, which is characterized in that institute
State phase decoding device further include:
Polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher, the polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher are located in any optical path in two optical paths, and
It is configured for adjusting the polarization maintaining optical fibre length of the optical path where it；And/or
Birefringent phase modulator, the birefringent phase modulator are located in any optical path in two optical paths,
And it is configured for applying different adjustable phase-modulations to two orthogonal polarisation states of the light pulse by it.
5. the phase decoding device according to scheme 1 based on 90 degree of welding difference control, which is characterized in that the phase
Position decoding apparatus is using unequal arm Mach-Zender interferometer or the light channel structure of unequal arm Michelson's interferometer.
6. the phase decoding device based on 90 degree of welding difference control according to scheme 5, which is characterized in that the phase
Position decoding apparatus uses the light channel structure of unequal arm Michelson's interferometer, and the bundling device and the beam splitter are same device
Part, the phase decoding device further include:
Two reflecting mirrors, described two reflecting mirrors are located in two optical paths, and being respectively used to will be from described point
The two-way light pulse of beam device come through two optic paths is reflected back the bundling device,
Wherein the input port of the unequal arm Michelson's interferometer and output port are same port, the phase solution
Code device further include:
Optical circulator, the optical circulator are located at the beam splitter front end, the random polarization state of the incidence it is defeated all the way
Enter light pulse to input from the first port of the optical circulator and export from the second port of the optical circulator to the beam splitting
Device, the conjunction beam output from the bundling device are input to the second port of the optical circulator and from the of the optical circulator
The output of three ports.
7. the phase decoding device according to scheme 6 based on 90 degree of welding difference control, which is characterized in that when described
When phase decoding device uses unequal arm Michelson's interferometer structure, the institute of the beam splitter and described two reflecting mirrors composition
Two arms for stating interferometer include 90 degree of fusion points, and each fusion point is the midpoint of described two arms.
8. the phase decoding device according to scheme 1 based on 90 degree of welding difference control, which is characterized in that described point
Beam device and the bundling device are configured as polarization and keep optical device；Two optical paths are configured as polarization and keep optical path；With/
Or, the phase-modulator is configured as polarizing unrelated optical device.
9. a kind of quantum key distribution system characterized by comprising
Phase decoding device based on 90 degree of welding difference control according to any one of scheme 1~8, the phase
The receiving end of the quantum key distribution system is arranged in for phase decoding in decoding apparatus, and/or
Phase decoding device based on 90 degree of welding difference control according to any one of scheme 1~8, the phase
The transmitting terminal of the quantum key distribution system is arranged in for phase code in decoding apparatus.
10. quantum key distribution system according to scheme 9, which is characterized in that the quantum key distribution system is also
Including single-photon source, quantum channel and single-photon detector, the single-photon source is optically coupled to positioned at transmitting terminal for phase
The phase decoding device of coding, the single-photon detector are coupled to the phase for phase decoding positioned at receiving end
Position decoding apparatus.
As previously mentioned, in general, can cause to be transmitted to receiving end because of environment influence when light pulse is through Fiber quantum transmission
The polarization state of light pulse generate random variation, influence quantum secret communication system job stability.The utility model can be effective
It solves input optical pulse polarization state and changes the influence generated to system stability at random, realize what transmission fiber environmental disturbances were immunized
Stable phase angle decoding.The phase decoding device of the utility model need to only use an interferometer can be complete to two orthogonal polarisation states
It is decoded at stablizing, without needing two interferometers to solve two orthogonal polarisation states respectively as polarization diversity phase decoding scheme
Code, reduces system complexity and control requires.In addition, being easy to pass through fiber lengths by the 90 degree of weldings of two-arm polarization maintaining optical fibre
Control, which is realized, stablizes decoded phase difference requirement, solve polarization induction decline in phase code quantum key distribution system and cause be
System can not steady operation problem, and the embodiment of the utility model is easily achieved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the process of the phase decoding method of the phase decoding device of the preferred embodiment for the utility model
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the composed structure schematic diagram of the phase decoding device of one preferred embodiment of the utility model；
Fig. 3 is the composed structure schematic diagram of the phase decoding device of another preferred embodiment of the utility model；
Fig. 4 is the composed structure schematic diagram of the phase decoding device of another preferred embodiment of the utility model.
Specific embodiment
Specifically describe the preferred embodiment of the utility model with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein attached drawing constitutes the application's
A part, and be used to illustrate the principles of the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention.For clear and simplified mesh
, when it may make the theme of the utility model smudgy, to the known function and structure of device described herein
It illustrates and will omit in detail.
Fig. 1 is the process of the phase decoding method of the phase decoding device of the preferred embodiment for the utility model
Figure, the phase decoding method specifically can comprise the following steps that
Step S101: being two-way light pulse by the beam splitting of input optical pulse all the way of incident random polarization state；Respectively two
It transmits the two-way light pulse in optical path, and the two-way light pulse is carried out to close beam output after relative time delay, described two
At least one optical path in optical path includes at least two sections of polarization maintaining optical fibres；Wherein to before beam splitting the input optical pulse or point
During Shu Zhihe beam in the two-way light pulse at least all the way light pulse according to quantum key distribution agreement carry out phase
Position modulation.
Specifically, the polarization state of incident input optical pulse can be random polarization state, it can regard orthogonal inclined by two as
Polarization state composition.Naturally, the two-way light pulse that beam splitting obtains can also be regarded as equally by identical with incident input optical pulse
Two orthogonal polarisation state compositions.
In the method, can before beam splitting to the input optical pulse before beam splitting according to quantum key distribution agreement into
Row phase-modulation, or beam splitting to close beam during in the two-way light pulse at least all the way light pulse according to quantum
Key distribution protocol carries out phase-modulation.
Here, relative time delay and phase-modulation are carried out according to the requirement and regulation of quantum key distribution agreement, are not made herein
It is described in detail.
Step S102: including at least one 90 degree of fusion point at least one optical path in two optical paths,
90 degree of fusion points are formed in the following manner: by two sections of polarization maintaining optical fibre relative rotation at least one optical path
90 degree, so that the slow axis of one section of polarization maintaining optical fibre is directed at welding with the fast axle of another section of polarization maintaining optical fibre.
Step S103: a polarization state in two orthogonal polarisation states of the input optical pulse is controlled in beam splitting to closing beam
During phase difference through two optic paths and phase official post of another polarization state through two optic paths
Obtain the integral multiple that two phase differences differ 2 π.In other words, each comfortable beam splitting of two orthogonal polarisation states of input optical pulse is controlled extremely
The integral multiple that the difference of the phase difference through two optic paths is 2 π during conjunction beam.
For example, it is assumed that the two orthogonal polarisation states are respectively x-polarisation state and y-polarisation state, by x-polarisation state beam splitting extremely
The phase meter through two optic paths is shown as Δ x during closing beam, by y-polarisation state through two during beam splitting to conjunction beam
The phase meter of optic path is shown as Δ y, then a polarization state in the two of the input optical pulse orthogonal polarisation state exists
Phase difference and another polarization state during beam splitting to conjunction beam through two optic paths is through two optic paths
Phase difference differ the integral multiple of 2 π, each comfortable beam splitting of two orthogonal polarisation states of light pulse in other words is to passing through during closing beam
The difference of the phase difference of two optic paths is the integral multiple of 2 π, can be indicated are as follows:
Δ x-Δ y=2 π * m,
Wherein m is integer, can be positive integer, negative integer or zero.
Advantageous, a polarization state in two orthogonal polarisation states of the control input optical pulse is in beam splitting to conjunction
Phase difference and phase difference of another polarization state through two optic paths through two optic paths during beam
So that two phase differences differ the integral multiple of 2 π, comprising:
A polarization eigen state for controlling the polarization maintaining optical fibre is passed through when transmitting in an optical path in two optical paths
The first distance of the distance of polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle transmission and the distance through slow axis transmission is poor and the polarization eigen state is described two
The second of the distance and the distance through slow axis transmission transmitted when being transmitted in another optical path in optical path through polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle
Range difference, so that the integral multiple of first distance difference and second range difference difference beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber, so that the input light
A polarization state in two orthogonal polarisation states of pulse is in beam splitting to the phase through two optic paths during closing beam
Potential difference differs the integral multiple of 2 π with another polarization state through the phase difference of two optic paths, in other words so that two just
The phase difference through two optic paths differs the integral multiple of 2 π during handing over each comfortable beam splitting of polarization state extremely to close beam.
Specifically, it is assumed that an optical path of a certain polarization eigen state of polarization maintaining optical fibre in two optical paths is along polarization maintaining optical fibre
The distance of fast axle transmission is L1, is L2 along the distance that slow axis transmits, and is along the distance that polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle is transmitted in another optical path
L3, along slow axis transmission distance be L4, then
(L1-L2)-(L3-L4)=n β, in other words
(L1-L3)-(L2-L4)=n β
Wherein n is positive integer, negative integer or zero, and β is beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber.
" beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber " is concept well known in the art, refers to two polarization eigen states of polarization maintaining optical fibre along polarization-maintaining light
Fibre transmission generates polarization maintaining optical fibre length corresponding to 2 π phase differences.
Advantageous, a polarization state in two orthogonal polarisation states of the control input optical pulse is in beam splitting to conjunction
Phase difference and phase difference of another polarization state through two optic paths through two optic paths during beam
So that it includes 90 degree of fusion points that the integral multiple of two 2 π of phase differences difference, which may include: two optical paths, and each
Fusion point is located at the midpoint of place optical path.
In a kind of possible embodiment, beam splitting and two optical paths closed between beam include for the input optical pulse
Two orthogonal polarisation states there are have to there are two orthogonal polarisation states in birefringent optical path and/or this two optical paths
Birefringent optical device.In this case, a polarization state in two orthogonal polarisation states of the input optical pulse is controlled
It is passed with another polarization state through two optical paths in beam splitting to phase difference during closing beam through two optic paths
It includes: to keep each comfortable beam splitting of the two orthogonal polarisation states respectively that defeated phase difference, which makes two phase differences differ the integral multiple of 2 π,
To close beam during in two optical paths transmit when polarization state it is constant；And there are the length of birefringent optical path for adjustment
And/or there are the birefringent sizes of birefringent optical device, so that a polarization state in the two orthogonal polarisation states is in beam splitting
To close beam during phase of the phase difference with another polarization state through two optic paths through two optic paths
Potential difference differs the integral multiple of 2 π, in other words, so that through described during each comfortable beam splitting to conjunction beam of the two orthogonal polarisation states
The difference of the phase difference of two optic paths is the integral multiple of 2 π.Optionally, this can pass through following any realization: i) by described two
Optical path is configured to polarization maintaining optical fibre optical path, by the optical device in the polarization maintaining optical fibre optical path be configured to non-birefringent optical device and/
Or polarization keeps optical device；Ii free space optical path) is configured by an optical path in two optical paths, by two light
The optical device of road is configured to polarization and keeps optical device or non-birefringent optical device.Herein, " polarization maintaining optical fibre optical path " refers to and adopts
The optical path to be formed is connected with the optical path of polarization maintaining optical fibre transmission light pulse or polarization maintaining optical fibre." non-birefringent optical device " refers to for not
With polarization state (for example, two orthogonal polarisation states) have identical refractive index optical device.In addition, polarization keeps optical device can also
Referred to as polarization-maintaining optical device.
In a kind of possible realization, polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher is configured at least one optical path in two optical paths
And/or birefringent phase modulator.Polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher is suitable for adjusting the polarization maintaining optical fibre length of the optical path where it.It is birefringent
Phase-modulator is suitable for applying different adjustable phase-modulations to by its two orthogonal polarisation states, thus can be provided to
Through two optical paths biography during each comfortable beam splitting to conjunction beam of two orthogonal polarisation states of influence and adjustment input optical pulse
The difference of defeated phase difference.For example, birefringent phase modulator can be lithium niobate phase modulator, niobic acid is applied to by control
The voltage of crystalline lithium, the phase-modulation that can be respectively subjected to two orthogonal polarisation states by the phase-modulator are controlled
System and adjustment.Birefringent phase modulator can be used for influencing and adjusting two orthogonal polarisation states of input optical pulse respectively as a result,
In beam splitting to the difference of the phase difference through two optic paths during closing beam.
A kind of phase decoding device of one preferred embodiment of the utility model is as shown in Fig. 2, include consisting of part:
Beam splitter 201, phase-modulator 202 and bundling device 203, beam splitter 201 and bundling device 203 pass through two optical path optical couplings, phase
Position modulator 202 can be located at least one optical path in two optical paths.
Beam splitter 201 is configured for the beam splitting of input optical pulse all the way of incident random polarization state being two-way light arteries and veins
Punching.
At least one optical path in two optical paths between beam splitter 201 and bundling device 203 includes at least two sections of polarization-maintaining light
Fibre, two optical paths are configured for transmitting the two-way light pulse respectively, and for realizing the phase of the two-way light pulse
To delay.
Specifically, can by adjusting the physical transfer length of two optical paths between beam splitter 201 and bundling device 203,
Realize the relative time delay of this two-way light pulse.
Phase-modulator 202 is configured for any inclined of the incidence before the beam splitting through the optic path where it
At least one of the input optical pulse all the way of polarization state or the two-way light pulse carry out phase according to quantum key distribution agreement
Modulation.
Although Fig. 2 shows phase-modulator is arranged between beam splitter 201 and bundling device 203, i.e., in beam splitting to conjunction beam
One of two-way light pulse obtained in the process to beam splitting carries out phase-modulation according to quantum key distribution agreement, it is also possible to
It is phase-modulator to be set in 201 front end of beam splitter, i.e., to the random polarization state of the incidence before beam splitting before beam splitting
Input optical pulse carries out phase-modulation according to quantum key distribution agreement all the way.
In addition, although showing only one phase-modulator in Fig. 2, between beam splitter 201 and bundling device 203 two
It is also possible that a phase-modulator, which is arranged, in every optical path in optical path.In setting, there are two the feelings of phase-modulator
Under condition, the difference for the phase that two phase-modulators are modulated can be determined according to quantum key distribution agreement.
Bundling device 203 for will through relative time delay, two-way light pulse that beam splitting obtains close beam output.
As shown in Fig. 2, comprising by making one section of polarization maintaining optical fibre at least one optical path in two optical paths
Slow axis is directed at least one 90 degree of fusion point 204 or 205 of welding formation with the fast axle of another section of polarization maintaining optical fibre, and described 90 degree molten
Contact 204 or 205 is formed particular by following manner: by the opposite rotation of two sections of polarization maintaining optical fibres at least one optical path
It turn 90 degrees, so that the slow axis of one section of polarization maintaining optical fibre is directed at welding with the fast axle of another section of polarization maintaining optical fibre.In addition, two optical paths
And optical device thereon is configured to, and controls a polarization state in two orthogonal polarisation states of the input optical pulse in beam splitting
To close beam during phase of the phase difference with another polarization state through two optic paths through two optic paths
Potential difference makes the integral multiple of two 2 π of phase differences difference.
For example, two optical paths can respectively include two sections or more polarization maintaining optical fibres, at described at least one 90 degree
At fusion point, wherein the slow axis of one section of polarization maintaining optical fibre is directed at welding with the fast axle of another section of polarization maintaining optical fibre.
Preferably, as above-mentioned, illustrated by method embodiment, two optical paths and optical device thereon can
To be further constructed to, a polarization eigen state of the polarization maintaining optical fibre transmits in an optical path in two optical paths
When the distance transmitted through polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle and the distance through slow axis transmission first distance it is poor and the polarization eigen state is in institute
State the distance transmitted through polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle and the distance through slow axis transmission when transmitting in another optical path in two optical paths
Second range difference, so that the integral multiple of first distance difference and second range difference difference beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber, so that described defeated
Enter a polarization state in two orthogonal polarisation states of light pulse during beam splitting to conjunction beam through two optic paths
Phase difference the integral multiple of 2 π is differed through the phase difference of two optic paths with another polarization state, in other words, so that two
The phase difference through two optic paths differs the integral multiple of 2 π during each comfortable beam splitting to conjunction beam of a orthogonal polarisation state.
Preferably, two optical paths include 90 degree of fusion points, and each fusion point is located in the optical path of place
Point, so that through described during each comfortable beam splitting to conjunction beam of two orthogonal polarisation states of the input optical pulse easy to accomplish
The difference of the phase difference of two optic paths is the integral multiple of 2 π.
It is noted that an optical path for two orthogonal polarisation states there may be birefringent or there is no birefringent, depend on
The type of the optical path.For example, free space optical path for input optical pulse all the way two orthogonal polarisation states there is no birefringent,
And polarization maintaining optical fibre optical path for input optical pulse all the way two orthogonal polarisation states usually exist differ greatly each other it is birefringent.
In addition, an optical device in optical path for two orthogonal polarisation states there may be birefringent or there is no birefringent, depend on
The type of the optical device.For example, a non-birefringent optical device does not deposit two orthogonal polarisation states of input optical pulse all the way
Birefringent, and to keep optical device usually to there are two orthogonal polarisation states of input optical pulse all the way poor each other for a polarization
It is different biggish birefringent.
According to the utility model, the type and/or length of above-mentioned two optical paths and the type of optical device thereon and/or double
Refraction size causes a polarization state in two orthogonal polarisation states of the input optical pulse in beam splitting to during closing beam
Phase difference through two optic paths differs the whole of 2 π through the phase difference of two optic paths with another polarization state
In other words several times cause to pass through during each comfortable beam splitting to conjunction beam of two orthogonal polarisation states of the input optical pulse described
The difference of the phase difference of two optic paths is the integral multiple of 2 π.
In a kind of possible embodiment, an optical path between beam splitter 201 and bundling device 203 is free space optical
Other optical devices in road, phase-modulator 202 and two optical paths are that non-birefringent optical device and/or polarization keep optical device.
For the embodiment, in the case where there is polarization to keep optical device, polarization holding optical device itself leads to two of light pulse
The integer that the difference of the phase difference through two optic paths is 2 π between each comfortable beam splitter 201 of orthogonal polarisation state and bundling device 203
Times.
In a kind of possible embodiment, two optical paths between beam splitter 201 and bundling device 203 are polarization maintaining optical fibre light
Road, other optical devices in phase-modulator 202 and optical path are that polarization keeps optical device and/or non-birefringent optical device.
In a kind of possible embodiment, phase decoding device can also include fiber stretcher and/or birefringent phase
Position modulator.
The fiber stretcher can be in any optical path in two optical paths between beam splitter 201 and bundling device 203, can
For adjusting the polarization maintaining optical fibre length of the optical path where it.By adjusting polarization maintaining optical fibre length by means of fiber stretcher, can have
It is easily achieved between each comfortable beam splitter 201 of two orthogonal polarisation states of light pulse and bundling device 203 and is passed through two optical paths sharply
The difference of defeated phase difference is the integral multiple of 2 π.
The birefringent phase modulator can be located in any optical path in above-mentioned two optical paths, can be used for the light by it
Two orthogonal polarisation states of pulse apply different phase-modulations.By controlling the birefringent phase modulator, pass through its light
The difference for the phase-modulation that two orthogonal polarisation states of pulse are respectively subjected to is adjustable.In this way, by utilizing birefringent phase tune
Device processed, it is convenient to through described two during each comfortable beam splitting to conjunction beam of two orthogonal polarisation states of influence and adjustment light pulse
The difference of the phase difference of optic path, it is easy to accomplish the difference of the phase difference is the integral multiple of 2 π.The birefringent phase modulator
It can be previously described lithium niobate phase modulator.
Optionally, unequal arm Mach-Zender interferometer or unequal arm Michelson can be used in the phase decoding device
The light channel structure of interferometer.
In a kind of possible embodiment, the phase decoding device is using unequal arm Mach-Zender interferometer
The optical path (that is, two optical paths between beam splitter and bundling device) of light channel structure, interferometer two-arm uses polarization maintaining optical fibre, interferometer
Two-arm separately include 90 degree of fusion points, it is assumed that the distance of 90 degree fusion point of the beam splitter into an arm be L1, an arm
In the distance of 90 degree of fusion points to bundling device be L2, the distance of 90 degree fusion point of the beam splitter into another arm be L3, this separately
The distance of 90 degree of fusion points to bundling device in one arm is L4, and length relation meets (L1-L2)-(L3-L4)=n β, wherein n
For positive integer, negative integer or zero, β is beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber.In a preferred embodiment, two 90 degree of fusion points can be distinguished
Positioned at the midpoint of two-arm, it that is to say that L1=L2 and L3=L4, length relation meet (L1-L2)-(L3-L4)=0.
In a kind of possible embodiment, the phase decoding device uses the optical path of unequal arm Michelson's interferometer
Structure, interferometer two-arm optical path (that is, with beam splitter and the bundling device optical coupling as same device, be respectively used to transmit
Two optical paths of the two-way light pulse that beam splitting obtains) use polarization maintaining optical fibre.At this point, bundling device and beam splitter are same device.?
In this case, phase decoding device further includes two reflecting mirrors, the two reflecting mirrors, which are located at, is previously described for transmission beam splitting
In two optical paths of obtained two-way light pulse, being respectively used to will be from beam splitter through described in two optic paths
Two-way light pulse reflects back so as to by closing beam output with beam splitter for the bundling device of same device.The beam splitter and described two
Two arms of the interferometer that a reflecting mirror is constituted separately include 90 degree of fusion points, it is assumed that beam splitter into an arm 90
The distance for spending fusion point is L1, the distance of a reflecting mirror of the 90 degree of fusion points in an arm into two reflecting mirrors is L2,
The distance of 90 degree fusion point of the beam splitter into another arm is L3,90 degree of fusion points in another arm are into two reflecting mirrors
The distance of another reflecting mirror is L4, it is contemplated that light pulse is slow by polarization maintaining optical fibre in transmission process along two-arm round-trip transmission
Axis or the distance of fast axle transmission are 2 times of corresponding polarization maintaining optical fibre length, and length relation meets 2 (L1-L2) -2 (L3-L4)=n
β, wherein n is positive integer, negative integer or zero, and β is beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber.In a preferred embodiment, two 90 degree of fusion points
It can be located at the midpoint of two-arm, that is to say that L1=L2 and L3=L4, length relation meet 2 (L1-L2) -2 (L3-L4)
=0.In addition, the input port and output port of unequal arm Michelson's interferometer can be same port, and phase decoding
Device further includes optical circulator.The optical circulator can be located at beam splitter front end.Input optical pulse can be from the first end of optical circulator
Mouth is inputted and is exported from the second port of optical circulator to beam splitter.Conjunction beam from bundling device (being same device with beam splitter)
Output can be input to the second port of optical circulator and export from the third port of optical circulator.
For the embodiment of Fig. 2, beam splitter 201 and bundling device 203 preferably use polarization-maintaining coupler, that is, beam splitter 201 is excellent
Choosing uses polarization-maintaining beam splitter, and bundling device 203 preferably uses polarization-maintaining bundling device.
A kind of phase decoding device of one preferred embodiment of the utility model is as shown in figure 3, the phase decoding device is adopted
With the light channel structure of unequal arm Mach-Zender interferometer, including consisting of part: 303,90 degree of fusion points of polarization-maintaining beam splitter
304 and 306, polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher 305, phase-modulator 307 and polarization-maintaining bundling device 308.
Input terminal of one of two ports 301 and 302 of 303 side of polarization-maintaining beam splitter as phase decoding device, polarization-maintaining
Output end of one of two ports 309 and 310 of 308 other side of bundling device as phase decoding device.303 He of polarization-maintaining beam splitter
Polarization-maintaining bundling device 308 constitutes polarization-maintaining Mach-Zender interferometer, and polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher 305 and phase-modulator 307 are inserted respectively
Enter the two-arm of Mach-Zender interferometer.Mach-Zender interferometer two-arm separately includes 90 degree of fusion points 304 and one
A 90 degree of fusion points 306.When work, port 301 or 302 of the light pulse through polarization-maintaining beam splitter 303 is divided into polarization-maintaining beam splitter 303
Beam is at two-way sub-light pulse, and sub-light pulse is through 90 degree of transmission of fusion point 304 and the modulation (sequence of polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher 305 all the way
It is unrelated), the pulse of another way sub-light is through 90 degree of transmission of fusion point 306 and phase modulated device 307 modulation (sequence is unrelated), two ways
It is exported after polarization-maintaining bundling device 308 closes beam by port 309 or 310 after light pulse relative time delay.Phase-modulator 307 is polarization nothing
Close optical device.Assuming that length is L1 ' between polarization-maintaining beam splitter 303 and 90 degree fusion point 304,90 degree of fusion points 304 and polarization-maintaining close
Between beam device 308 length be L2 ', between polarization-maintaining beam splitter 303 and 90 degree fusion point 306 length be L3 ', 90 degree of fusion points 306
Length is L4 ' between polarization-maintaining bundling device 308, can modulate polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher 305 and carry out polarization-maintaining light to optical path where it
Fine length carries out stretching adjustment, so that the length relation of polarization maintaining optical fibre meets:
(L1 '-L2 ')-(L3 '-L4 ')=n β,
Wherein β is beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber, n is integer.
In the case where meeting above-mentioned length relation, each comfortable polarization-maintaining of two orthogonal polarisation states of input optical pulse can be made
303 beam splitting of beam splitter and polarization-maintaining bundling device 308 close the integer that the difference of the phase difference transmitted during beam through interferometer two-arm is 2 π
Times.Alternatively, when polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher 305 and phase-modulator 307 are located at the same arm of Mach-Zender interferometer,
The above results are unaffected.Alternatively, can also realize the phase-modulation of phase-modulator 307 by polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher 305
Function, the above results are unaffected.
The phase decoding device of another preferred embodiment of the utility model is as shown in figure 4, using unequal arm Michelson
The light channel structure of interferometer, including consisting of part: 403,90 degree of fusion points 404 and 407 of polarization-maintaining beam splitter, polarization maintaining optical fibre are drawn
Stretch device 405, phase-modulator 408 and reflecting mirror 406 and 409.
Input terminal and output of two ports 401 and 402 of 403 side of polarization-maintaining beam splitter respectively as phase decoding device
End；Polarization-maintaining beam splitter 403 and reflecting mirror 406,409 constitute polarization-maintaining Michelson's interferometer, polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher 405 and phase
Modulator 408 is inserted into the two-arm of Michelson's interferometer respectively.Polarization-maintaining Michelson's interferometer two-arm separately includes one 90 degree
Fusion point 404 and 90 degree of fusion points 407.When work, the input optical pulse all the way of random polarization state can be for example through polarization-maintaining
The port 401 of beam splitter 403 is beamed into two-way sub-light pulse into polarization-maintaining beam splitter 403, and sub-light pulse is through 90 degree of weldings all the way
It is reflected after 404 transmission of point and the modulation of polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher 405 (sequence is unrelated) by reflecting mirror 406, another way sub-light arteries and veins
Punching is reflected after 90 degree of transmission of fusion point 407 and phase modulated device 408 modulation (sequence is unrelated) by reflecting mirror 409, instead
It is emitted back towards after the two-way sub-light pulse relative time delay come after polarization-maintaining beam splitter 403 (playing the role of bundling device at this time) closes beam by holding
Mouth 402 exports.Phase-modulator 408 is to polarize unrelated optical device.Assuming that between polarization-maintaining beam splitter 403 and 90 degree fusion point 404
Length is L1 ", length is L2 ", polarization-maintaining beam splitter 403 and 90 degree fusion point 407 between 90 degree of fusion points 404 and reflecting mirror 406
Between length be L3 ", length is L4 " between 90 degree of fusion points 407 and reflecting mirror 409, polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher 405 can be modulated
Stretching adjustment is carried out come the length of the polarization maintaining optical fibre to optical path where it, so that the length relation of polarization maintaining optical fibre meets:
(L1 "-L2 ")-(L3 "-L4 ")=β/2 n (are because light pulse is in Michelson's interferometer divided by the factor 2
Round-trip transmission),
Wherein β is beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber, n is integer.
In the case where meeting above-mentioned length relation, each comfortable polarization-maintaining of two orthogonal polarisation states of input optical pulse can be made
The integral multiple that the difference of the phase difference for the Michelson's interferometer two-arm transmission that beam splitter 403 and reflecting mirror 406,409 are constituted is 2 π.
Alternatively, when polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher 405 and phase-modulator 408 are located at the same arm of Michelson's interferometer, above-mentioned knot
Fruit is unaffected.Alternatively, the phase-modulation function of phase-modulator 408 can also be realized by polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher 405, on
It is unaffected to state result.Alternatively, when light pulse is inputted by port 402, exported by port 401, or it is same with port 401 or 402
When Shi Zuowei is output and input, the above results are unaffected.Using port 401 or 402 simultaneously as polarization-maintaining Michelson interference
When outputting and inputting of instrument, while can be with one as the port (port 401 or 402 of beam splitter 403) output and input
A optical circulator connection；First port input of the input optical pulse through optical circulator is simultaneously defeated from the second port of the optical circulator
Out to polarization-maintaining beam splitter 403, the light pulse from polarization-maintaining beam splitter 403 can be input to the second port of the optical circulator simultaneously
It is exported from the third port of the optical circulator.
Herein, term " beam splitter " and " bundling device " are used interchangeably, and beam splitter is also referred to as and as bundling device, instead
?.
Although the embodiment of Fig. 3 and 4 is in beam splitting to one of the two-way light pulse obtained during closing beam to beam splitting
Phase-modulation is carried out according to quantum key distribution agreement, it is also possible to: beam splitting is obtained during beam splitting to conjunction beam
Two-way light pulse carry out phase-modulation according to quantum key distribution agreement respectively, or to described in front of beam splitting before beam splitting
The input optical pulse all the way of incident random polarization state carries out phase-modulation according to quantum key distribution agreement.
In another aspect, the utility model also provides a kind of quantum key distribution system, the quantum key distribution system packet
Include be arranged in the quantum key distribution system receiving end be used for phase decoding above-mentioned phase decoding device, and/or including
The transmitting terminal that the quantum key distribution system is arranged in is used for the above-mentioned phase decoding device of phase code.
Preferably, the quantum key distribution system can also include single-photon source, quantum channel and single-photon detector,
The single-photon source is optically coupled to the phase decoding device for phase code positioned at transmitting terminal and (now functions as " phase
" the phase decoding device for phase code " can be known as " phase code device " below by code device "), the list
Photon detector is coupled to the phase decoding device for phase decoding positioned at receiving end.
Single-photon source is for generating single-photon optical pulse.Phase code device is used for the monochromatic light sub-light generated to single-photon source
Pulse carries out phase code according to quantum key distribution agreement.Quantum channel is used for transmission single-photon optical pulse.Particularly, quantum
Single-photon optical pulse through phase code is transmitted to phase decoding device by channel.Phase decoding device is used for according to quantum key
Distribution protocol carries out phase decoding to the single-photon optical pulse come through quantum channel transmission.Single-photon detector is used for phase solution
Code device output single-photon optical pulse detected, and according to testing result and quantum key distribution agreement carry out quantum it is close
Key distribution.Single-photon source emits a single-photon optical pulse and enters phase code device, and phase code device is to monochromatic light sub-light arteries and veins
Row phase code is rushed in, the light pulse after phase code is transmitted to phase decoding device, phase decoding device pair through quantum channel
Incident single photon pulses carry out phase decoding, the light pulses that phase decoding device exports to single-photon detector.Phase
Code device and phase decoding device carry out phase code and phase decoding to light pulse respectively according to quantum key distribution agreement,
And key distribution is carried out according to quantum key distribution agreement.
Specifically, phase code device can be used it is following any one: unequal arm Mach-Zender interferometer, unequal arm
Michelson's interferometer, above-described phase decoding device.
Quantum channel can be optical waveguide, optical fiber, free space, discrete optical element, planar waveguide optical element, fiber
Optical element or among the above any two combination of the above at light propagation channel.
By by the beam splitting of input optical pulse all the way of incident random polarization state being two-way respectively through two at receiving end
Optical path is transmitted, and is attached by the way of 90 degree of weldings to polarization maintaining optical fibre optical path, to two of the input optical pulse
Relationship during each comfortable beam splitting to conjunction beam of orthogonal polarisation state between the phase difference through this two optic paths is controlled,
The utility model makes can be with stable interference output easy to accomplish for the input optical pulse of random polarization state.In addition, this is practical
Novel phase decoding device need to can only complete two orthogonal polarisation states using an interferometer to stablize decoding, without as partially
Vibration diversity phase decoding scheme needs two interferometers to be decoded two orthogonal polarisation states respectively, reduces system complexity
It is required with control.
It should be able to be the technical means and efficacy reaching predetermined purpose and being taken to the utility model by explanation above
Have and more deeply and specifically understand, however appended diagram is only to provide reference and description and is used, and is not used to practical newly to this
Type limits.
Although being described in detail by example embodiment, preceding description is all illustrative in all respects rather than limits
Property processed.It should be appreciated that can be designed that a number of other remodeling and variant without departing from the range of example embodiment, these are all fallen
Enter the protection scope of the utility model.Therefore, the protection scope of the utility model should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of phase decoding device based on 90 degree of weldings difference control, which is characterized in that the phase decoding device includes:
Beam splitter and bundling device, the beam splitter and the bundling device by two optical path optical couplings, wherein the beam splitter front end or
There is phase-modulator at least one optical path in two optical paths described in person,
The beam splitter is configured for the beam splitting of input optical pulse all the way of incident random polarization state being two-way light pulse；
At least one optical path in two optical paths includes at least two sections of polarization maintaining optical fibres, and two optical paths are configured for point
The defeated two-way light pulse of supplementary biography and for realizing the relative time delay of the two-way light pulse；
The phase-modulator is configured for the random polarization to the incidence before the beam splitting through the optic path where it
At least one of the input optical pulse all the way of state or the two-way light pulse carry out phase tune according to quantum key distribution agreement
System；
The bundling device is configured for closing the two-way light pulse into beam output,
Wherein, at least one optical path in two optical paths comprising by make the slow axis of one section of polarization maintaining optical fibre with it is another
At least one 90 degree of fusion point that the fast axle alignment welding of section polarization maintaining optical fibre is formed, and wherein, two optical paths and thereon
Optical device be configured to control a polarization state in two orthogonal polarisation states of the input optical pulse in beam splitting to closing beam
During phase difference through two optic paths and phase official post of another polarization state through two optic paths
Obtain the integral multiple that two phase differences differ 2 π.
2. the phase decoding device according to claim 1 based on 90 degree of welding difference control, which is characterized in that described two
Optical path and optical device thereon are further constructed to, and control a polarization eigen state of the polarization maintaining optical fibre at described two
The first distance of the distance and the distance through slow axis transmission transmitted when being transmitted in an optical path in optical path through polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle
Difference and the polarization eigen state in another optical path in two optical paths transmit when through polarization maintaining optical fibre fast axle transmit away from
From with transmit through slow axis with a distance from second range difference so that first distance difference and second range difference difference beat length of polarization maintaining optical fiber
Integral multiple.
3. the phase decoding device according to claim 1 or 2 based on 90 degree of welding difference control, which is characterized in that institute
Stating two optical paths includes 90 degree of fusion points, and each fusion point is located at the midpoint of place optical path.
4. the phase decoding device according to claim 1 based on 90 degree of welding difference control, which is characterized in that the phase
Position decoding apparatus further include:
Polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher, the polarization maintaining optical fibre stretcher is located in any optical path in two optical paths, and is matched
Set the polarization maintaining optical fibre length for adjusting the optical path where it；And/or
Birefringent phase modulator, the birefringent phase modulator are located in any optical path in two optical paths, and
It is configured for applying different adjustable phase-modulations to two orthogonal polarisation states of the light pulse by it.
5. the phase decoding device according to claim 1 based on 90 degree of welding difference control, which is characterized in that the phase
Position decoding apparatus is using unequal arm Mach-Zender interferometer or the light channel structure of unequal arm Michelson's interferometer.
6. the phase decoding device according to claim 5 based on 90 degree of welding difference control, which is characterized in that the phase
Position decoding apparatus uses the light channel structure of unequal arm Michelson's interferometer, and the bundling device and the beam splitter are same device
Part, the phase decoding device further include:
Two reflecting mirrors, described two reflecting mirrors are located in two optical paths, are respectively used to that the beam splitter will be come from
Through two optic paths come the two-way light pulse be reflected back the bundling device,
Wherein the input port of the unequal arm Michelson's interferometer and output port are same port, the phase decoding dress
It sets further include:
Optical circulator, the optical circulator are located at the beam splitter front end, the input light all the way of the random polarization state of the incidence
Pulse is inputted from the first port of the optical circulator and is exported from the second port of the optical circulator to the beam splitter, is come
The second port of the optical circulator is input to from the output of the conjunction beam of the bundling device and from the third end of the optical circulator
Mouth output.
7. the phase decoding device according to claim 6 based on 90 degree of welding difference control, which is characterized in that when described
When phase decoding device uses unequal arm Michelson's interferometer structure, the institute of the beam splitter and described two reflecting mirrors composition
Two arms for stating interferometer include 90 degree of fusion points, and each fusion point is the midpoint of described two arms.
8. the phase decoding device according to claim 1 based on 90 degree of welding difference control, which is characterized in that described point
Beam device and the bundling device are configured as polarization and keep optical device；Two optical paths are configured as polarization and keep optical path；With/
Or, the phase-modulator is configured as polarizing unrelated optical device.
9. a kind of quantum key distribution system characterized by comprising
Phase decoding device based on 90 degree of welding difference control described according to claim 1~any one of 8, the phase
The receiving end of the quantum key distribution system is arranged in for phase decoding in decoding apparatus, and/or
Phase decoding device based on 90 degree of welding difference control described according to claim 1~any one of 8, the phase
The transmitting terminal of the quantum key distribution system is arranged in for phase code in decoding apparatus.
10. quantum key distribution system according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the quantum key distribution system is also
Including single-photon source, quantum channel and single-photon detector, the single-photon source is optically coupled to positioned at transmitting terminal for phase
The phase decoding device of coding, the single-photon detector are coupled to the phase for phase decoding positioned at receiving end
Position decoding apparatus.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109067531A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2018-12-21 | 中国电子科技集团公司电子科学研究院 | Phase decoding method, apparatus and quantum key distribution system based on 90 degree of welding difference control |
| CN112291019A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-01-29 | 鹏城实验室 | Underwater wireless optical communication method and system |
| CN113839298A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2021-12-24 | 武汉锐科光纤激光技术股份有限公司 | Light beam processor, light beam processing method, storage medium, and electronic apparatus |
-
2018
- 2018-10-29 CN CN201821758786.3U patent/CN209134429U/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109067531A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2018-12-21 | 中国电子科技集团公司电子科学研究院 | Phase decoding method, apparatus and quantum key distribution system based on 90 degree of welding difference control |
| CN109067531B (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2023-07-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司电子科学研究院 | Phase decoding method and device based on 90-degree fusion phase difference control and quantum key distribution system |
| CN112291019A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-01-29 | 鹏城实验室 | Underwater wireless optical communication method and system |
| CN113839298A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2021-12-24 | 武汉锐科光纤激光技术股份有限公司 | Light beam processor, light beam processing method, storage medium, and electronic apparatus |
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