CN208797952U - Polarization encoder device for optic communication - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of polarization encoder devices for optic communication, its application method includes the steps that for light pulse to be encoded being divided into two light pulse parts with identical polarization state, the step of phase difference △ φ is modulated between described two light pulse parts, and make two light pulse parts with the phase difference △ φ that there is orthogonal polarization state, and couple the step of exporting polarised light all the way, wherein, the polarization state for coupling the polarised light of output is related with the phase difference △ φ.A kind of polarization encoder device for realizing the above method of the utility model.Compared with the prior art, the method and apparatus of the utility model have many advantages, such as structure it is simple, can software and hardware control, flexibility it is good, can satisfy requirement of the high-speed communication system to rate and bandwidth.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to optical communication fields, and in particular to fill for the polarization encoder of classical optic communication and quantum communications
It sets.
Background technique
In the optical communication field in the present age, classical communication and quantum secret communication Liang Ge branch can be roughly divided into.Quantum
Secret communication is the main direction of development of contemporary communication technology, since it has the unrivaled huge advantage of classical communication, from
Guarantee the absolute safety of secret communication in principle, therefore is the hot spot that countries nowadays researcher falls over each other research.Wherein, it answers
It is quantum key distribution direction with the direction most extensively with maturation.By quantum-mechanical quantum is not reproducible etc., basic principles are protected
Card, quantum key distribution by the cipher mode of " one-time pad ", by information national defence unit, government bodies, R&D institution and
It is transmitted between financial institution etc..
And for optic communication, either classical communication or quantum key distribution require to carry out coding behaviour to light
Make, make the bit information of its carrying coding, information is transmitted with this.In many encoding schemes, polarization encoder is undoubtedly earliest
It proposes to be also most widely used encoding scheme.For example, in initial quantum key distribution agreement, that is, 1984
Polarization encoder scheme is just contained in the BB84 scheme that Bennett-Brassard is proposed.In this polarization encoder scheme, lead to
The mode for crossing polarization encoder encodes information onto polarization state for photon, and different polarization states corresponds to different bit informations.For
For classical communication and quantum secret communication, for polarization encoder scheme since structure is simple, it is still most important that modulation is convenient so far
One of encoding scheme.
Polarization encoder scheme is generally divided into passive and two class modulation systems of active.
In so-called passive modulation mode, be mostly using the passive devices such as polarization beam apparatus, beam splitter, slide come
Carry out Polarization Modulation.Therefore, the faster speed of service is had using the coded system of passive modulation mode, but its structure also compared with
For complexity, and the safety and stability of modulation device is required very high.
If modulating four kinds of polarization states for example, by using the mode of the arbitrary source with different polarization direction, then need
(common method is that every road light source corresponds to manual Polarization Controller to the arbitrary source of at least four different polarizations, in conjunction with polarization point
Each road optical signal is coupled in same channel by beam device and beam splitter), the difference of Qie Zhe tetra- road arbitrary source in addition to polarization state
Outside, it needs to keep high consistency in other respects, in case encoded information is leaked by the different characteristics of light source.
If realizing the modulation of four kinds of polarization states by the way of polarization beam apparatus, it is generally necessary to which two-stage is arranged
The signal light of the same light source output is divided into four road optical signals by beam splitter, per optical signal all the way using photoswitch, manually partially
The controller that shakes generates specific polarization state, is then coupled as all the way using polarization beam apparatus and bundling device.In this way
Although the polarization schemes of realization reduce the quantity of light source, but it is same as former modulation system inevitably, optical path
In various beam splitting devices itself may be related to wavelength, thus may result in leakage of information.Therefore these devices are needed
Stringent calibration.
In so-called active modulation system, often will the active devices such as Polarization Controller or phase-modulator with
Sagnac interferometer is used in combination to carry out Polarization Modulation.Therefore, can have using the coded system of active modulation system can
The advantages that software and hardware controls, flexibility is good.Common Polarization Control device includes bubble Ke Ersi box, KDP crystal etc..This kind of polarization
Control device can directly be modulated light, although the mode of action is simply direct, the half-wave voltage of these crystal is higher
(for example, the half-wave voltage of bubble Ke Ersi box reaches kilovolt) or modulation bandwidth are limited, so that can not achieve fast coding, this is aobvious
So it is difficult to meet the needs of current high-speed communication system.
Fig. 1 shows a kind of polarization encoder device using active polarization modulation scheme of the prior art.As shown, partially
The code device that shakes includes Polarization Controller, phase-modulator and Sagnac interferometer.In the apparatus, the light of light source output passes through
The modulation of polarization direction of input light is 45 degree by Polarization Controller (PC), Polarization Controller.Light warp through Polarization Controller output
Single-mode polarization maintaining fiber enters Sagnac interferometer.Sagnac interferometer includes polarization-maintaining polarization beam apparatus (PBS) and Sagnac ring
Road.The light of 45 degree of input interferometer polarizations is divided into two polarized components through polarization beam apparatus, the two polarized components edge respectively
PBS is returned after identical loop clockwise and anticlockwise and is exported from PBS.The light of interferometer output is using a circulator
After export.The phase-modulator being arranged in Sagnac loop is only modulated the light pulse component of some direction transmission, and
Another component is not acted on, to adjust the relative phase between two components, realization can be realized by interferometer and be polarized
Modulation.
This active modulation scheme compensates phase change using Sagnac ring, and the effect of Polarization Modulation is preferable, and performance
Stablize, but it is very high to the precision of electronics modulation and the alignment requirements of optical path.For example, this scheme is required input light
Polarization direction is accurately modulated to 45 degree, and electronics modulated signal will reach the time relationship of phase-modulator with light pulse signal
Stable and accurate, so that stability of layout is more demanding, it is higher that electronics modulates difficulty.And from time dimension, due to
Electronics modulates the light pulse just for one of direction, needs to remove in time when the light pulse of other direction reaches, this
So that system velocity can not be too high, limits bandwidth, it is difficult to meet high in the case where ensuring that electrical modulation signal is accurate and stablize
The requirement of fast communication system.
Summary of the invention
For Shortcomings in above-mentioned solution in the prior art, the utility model proposes one kind to be used for optic communication
The polarization encoder device of (especially quantum communications), may be implemented apparatus structure it is simple, can software and hardware control, flexibility it is good etc.
Advantage, and Polarization Control device is less high to control signal amplitude requirement, can satisfy high-speed communication system to rate and band
Wide requirement, at the same it is less high to the delays time to control of optical path and electrical signal, easy operation can be provided.
The one aspect of the utility model is related to a kind of polarization encoder device for optic communication, may include light source 1
With Polarization Modulation unit 2, wherein the light source 1 output is used for light pulse to be encoded, the Polarization Modulation unit 2 for pair
The light pulse carries out polarization encoder and including equiarm interferometer and phase modulation unit 25.
The equiarm interferometer may include polarization-maintaining beam splitting unit 21, the first arm 22, the second arm 23 and polarization-maintaining polarization beam splitting
Unit 24.The polarization-maintaining beam splitting unit 21 is used to the light pulse being divided into two light pulse parts.First arm and described
Second arm propagates described two light pulse parts, and light path having the same with being respectively used to polarization-maintaining.The phase modulation unit
25 are arranged for modulating phase difference △ φ between described two light pulse parts；And the polarization-maintaining polarization beam-splitting unit
24 include first input end, the second input terminal and output end, and is configured to receive institute via first and second input terminal
Two light pulse parts with phase difference △ φ are stated, and is coupled and exports polarised light all the way via the output end,
Wherein the first input end and second input terminal are configured to be aligned with the fast axle and slow axis of the output end.
The polarization-maintaining beam splitting unit 21 can be configured to end about light pulse fast axle or slow axis.
Preferably, the phase modulation unit is phase-modulator, so as to by electrical modulation signal to described two
Phase difference △ φ between a light pulse part is modulated.
The light pulse polarization-maintaining the Polarization Modulation unit 2 is propagated to from the light source 1.
Preferably, the phase difference △ φ can be one of 0, pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s.
Preferably, can have by the polarised light that the polarization-maintaining polarization beam-splitting unit 24 exports | H >, | V >, | P >, |
N > one of polarization state.
Polarization encoder device can also include intensity modulated unit 3, for carrying out intensity modulated to the light pulse part.
Preferably, the intensity modulated unit 3 can be adjustable attenuator.Or preferably, the intensity modulated unit 3 can be set
Be set to so that the polarization-maintaining polarization beam-splitting unit 24 the first input end and second input end, described two light
Segment pulse intensity having the same.
The another aspect of the utility model is related to a kind of polarization encoding method for optic communication comprising following steps.
Step 1: light pulse to be encoded is divided into two light pulse parts with identical polarization state.
Step 2: phase difference △ φ is modulated between described two light pulse parts.And
Step 3: make two light pulse parts with the phase difference △ φ that there is orthogonal polarization state, and coupling
Close output polarised light all the way, wherein the polarization state for coupling the polarised light of output is related with the phase difference △ φ.
In the method, the light pulse part is propagated in a manner of polarization-maintaining.
In step 2, the light pulse part is existed only in the fast axle or slow axis of phase-modulator.
Preferably, in the step 2, the phase difference △ φ can be one in 0, pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s.
One of preferably, in the step 3, the polarization state of the polarised light can be | H >, | V >, | P >, | N >.
The step 3 can also include making described two light pulse parts respectively via the two of polarization-maintaining polarization beam-splitting unit
A input terminal enters the step of fast axle and slow axis of the output end of the polarization-maintaining polarization beam-splitting unit.
It can also include two light arteries and veins for making that there is the phase difference △ φ between the step 2 and the step 3
Punching part has the step of same intensity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows a kind of polarization encoder device using active polarization modulation scheme in the prior art；
Fig. 2 shows the structural schematic diagrams of polarization encoder device according to the present utility model.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, the exemplary embodiment of the utility model is with reference to the accompanying drawings to detailed description.The following examples with
Example way provides, sufficiently to convey the spirit of the utility model to give the utility model those skilled in the art.Cause
This, the utility model is not limited to embodiment disclosed herein.
Fig. 2 shows the structural schematic diagrams of polarization encoder device according to the present utility model, for illustrating the utility model
Polarization encoder device and method principle.
As shown, polarization encoder device may include light source 1 and Polarization Modulation unit 2.Wherein, light source 1 and polarization are adjusted
It is connected between unit 2 processed by the optical path with polarization-maintaining effect, and as an example, this optical path can be by polarization maintaining optical fibre Lai real
It is existing.
In the example of the utility model, Polarization Modulation unit 2 includes equiarm interferometer.Equiarm interferometer may include
Polarization-maintaining beam splitting unit 21, the first arm 22, the second arm 23 and polarization-maintaining polarization beam-splitting unit 24.
Polarization-maintaining beam splitting unit 21 is connect by polarization-maintaining optical path (such as polarization maintaining optical fibre) with light source 1, is exported for receiving light source 1
Light pulse and be divided into two light pulse parts.In this example, polarization-maintaining beam splitting unit 21 can be polarization-maintaining beam splitter
Form, and preferably, it can have the splitting ratio of 1:1, but not limited to this.
Two light pulse parts then respectively enter the first arm 22 and the second arm 23.First arm 22 and the second arm 23 equally quilt
It is arranged to that there is polarization property, and light path having the same for light pulse.Two light arteries and veins under this setting, in arm 22 and 23
Punching part can keep identical polarization state.As shown, in this example, arm 22 and 23 can be realized by polarization maintaining optical fibre.
It, can be in the first arm 22 of equiarm interferometer and in order to realize the modulation of polarization direction according to the utility model
At least one of two arms 23 are upper to be arranged phase modulation unit 25, is used to carry out phase to the light pulse part in interferometer
Modulation, to modulate phase difference △ φ between two light pulse parts, can be any number in 0-2 π, such as
0, pi/2, π or 3 pi/2s.As shown, as an example, phase modulation unit 25 can be set on the first arm 22.Preferably,
Phase modulation unit 25 can be phase-modulator, make it possible to provide the phase-modulation of active by electrical modulation signal.
In addition, the utility model people through research it is further proposed that, polarization-maintaining beam splitting unit 21 can be preferably provided to for light
The characteristic that there is fast axle or slow axis to end for pulse.
As shown, as an example, polarization-maintaining beam splitting unit 21 can be the polarization-maintaining beam splitter of fast axle cut-off, that is, light pulse
After beam splitter, two-way light pulse part is only exported by the slow axis of its polarization maintaining optical fibre.Meanwhile 22 He of the first arm of interferometer
The input terminal of second arm 23 can be aligned with two output ends of beam splitter respectively, to realize that slow axis is aligned.Therefore, in 22 He of arm
In 23, light pulse part will only be propagated along slow axis, without as existed simultaneously in the prior art on fast and slow axis.At this
Under kind setting, when the phase-modulator 25 being set on arm carries out phase-modulation to light pulse part, light pulse is born
Amount of phase modulation also only can be related with the phase on the slow axis of phase-modulator 25, and in the fast axle of phase-modulator 25
Phase is unrelated.Therefore, by this set, can to avoid phase-modulator 25 fast and slow axis phase it is different caused by phase drift
Brought influence, so that it is guaranteed that modulating accurate phase difference △ φ between light pulse part.
It should be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that also can be realized similar effect in the case where slow axis cut-off.
Then, two light pulse parts phase modulated on arm 22 and 23 reach polarization-maintaining polarization beam-splitting unit 24.
Polarization-maintaining polarization beam-splitting unit 24 receives the two light pulse parts via two input terminals, and is coupled into all the way
It is exported via output end.
According to the utility model, in order to realize polarization encoder, in polarization-maintaining polarization beam-splitting unit 24, for receiving two light
Two input terminals of segment pulse are configured to be aligned with the fast axle of output end and slow axis.Under this configuration, in beam splitting
The output end of unit 24 (that is, interferometer 2), there are two light pulse parts of phase difference △ φ will be respectively present in output end
Fast axle and slow axis on, and therefore form two polarised lights being mutually orthogonal to one another of polarization direction.Meanwhile when output into
When row coupling, the phase difference between two polarised lights perpendicular to one another of the two polarization directions is equal to the light pulse portion on two arms
/ phase difference △ the φ modulated, it is clear that phase difference △ φ determines the polarization final in the polarised light of output end coupling
Direction.When phase difference △ φ can be modulated between 0-2 π, it is clear that can be in the polarised light up-regulation that code device exports
Produce arbitrary polarization state.
It should be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that when exporting polarization in the output end of code device by phase modulation difference △ φ
State it is orthogonal (such as | H >, | V >, | P >, | N >) polarised light when, this coding can meet the coding of quantum key distribution
Condition, the polarization encoder device then can be used for the quantum key distribution in quantum communications.
In order to further improve polarization encoder efficiency, polarization encoder device can also include intensity modulated unit 3, for pair
Light pulse part on two arms of equiarm interferometer 2 carries out intensity modulated, so that two phase modulated light pulse parts
Between have strength relationship in need, such as the intensity both made is identical.
As an example, under setting shown in Fig. 2, since the light pulse part on arm 22 is when by phase-modulator 25
It will appear some light loss, therefore, adjustable attenuator 3 can be set on another not phase modulated arm 23, so that two
The final intensity having the same in light pulse part on arm.
By this set, can be set up between phase difference △ φ and the polarization state of code device final output simple
And specific corresponding relationship, greatly facilitate polarization encoder.For example, can be by by the phase difference between two light pulse parts
△ φ is modulated to 0, pi/2, π or 3 pi/2s, to realize on the polarised light of output | H >, | V >, | P > or | N > tetra- kind polarization state.
In the another aspect of the utility model, the (outstanding for optic communication of the code device based on the utility model is further related to
Its quantum communications) polarization encoding method, may comprise steps of.
Step 1: the light pulse for being used to encode is divided into two light pulse parts with identical polarization state.As an example,
The light splitting of light pulse can be realized by polarization-maintaining beam splitter.Preferably, splitting ratio can be 1:1.
Step 2: phase difference △ φ is modulated between two light pulse parts.As preferable example, phase difference △ φ can
Think 0, pi/2, π, one in 3 pi/2s.
Step 3: make two light pulse parts with phase difference △ φ that there is orthogonal polarization state, and final coupling
Close output polarised light all the way, wherein the polarization state for coupling the polarised light of output is related with phase difference △ φ.As preferable example,
The polarised light exported is coupled in a period of time that phase difference △ φ is 0, pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s with polarization state | H >, | V >, | P >, | N > in
One kind.
Preferably, step 3 may include making two light pulse parts respectively via two inputs of polarization-maintaining polarizing coupler
End enters the step of fast axle and slow axis of the output end of the polarization-maintaining polarizing coupler.As an example, polarization-maintaining polarizing coupler can
Think polarization-maintaining polarization beam apparatus.
It preferably, can also include making two phase modulated light pulse parts that there is phase between step 2 and step 3
The step of with intensity.For example, the light pulse part with larger intensity can be made to decay by intensity attenuators.
Compared with existing passive Polarization Modulation scheme, the polarization encoder device and method that the utility model is proposed are being tied
Great simplification is realized in structure and operation, particular avoids the different characteristic bring of light source existing for multiple arbitrary sources
Information security hidden danger and the work difficulty for greatly reducing proper calibration beam splitter.Compared to existing active polarization modulation methods
Case, the polarization encoder device and method of the utility model, which then can be omitted, to be accurately modulated to 45 degree for incident light polarization angle and wants
It asks, reduces the delay requirement to electronics modulated signal, reduce the limitation of bandwidth, be very suitable for high speed optical communication system.
Also, polarization-maintaining beam splitting unit is ended by setting fast axle/slow axis to replace traditional polarization-maintaining polarization beam apparatus (PBS) and polarization
The combination of controller, equally simplifies optical path, reduces operation difficulty, and the complexity of 45 degree of polarization angles of modulation in advance is omitted
It is required that；Meanwhile phase drift between two axis of phase-modulator is also avoided, without the compensation device for additionally increasing phase drift.
In addition, the utility model replaces existing Sagnac ring and phase by using the combination of equiarm interferometer and phase-modulator
The combination of modulator, increases bandwidth, reduces the occupancy of time window, can satisfy the requirement of high speed optical communication system.
Above description is not limitation of the utility model, and the utility model is also not limited to the example above.This technology neck
In the essential scope of the utility model, the variations, modifications, additions or substitutions made also should belong to the those of ordinary skill in domain
The protection scope of the utility model, the protection scope of the utility model are subject to claims.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of polarization encoder device for optic communication comprising light source (1) and Polarization Modulation unit (2), wherein the light
Source (1) output be used for light pulse to be encoded, the Polarization Modulation unit (2) be used for the light pulse carry out polarization encoder and
Including equiarm interferometer and phase modulation unit (25), it is characterised in that:
The equiarm interferometer includes polarization-maintaining beam splitting unit (21), the first arm (22), the second arm (23) and polarization-maintaining polarization beam splitting list
First (24)；
The polarization-maintaining beam splitting unit (21) is used to the light pulse being divided into two light pulse parts；
First arm (22) and second arm (23) propagate described two light pulse parts with being respectively used to polarization-maintaining, and have
Identical light path；
The phase modulation unit (25) is arranged for modulating phase difference △ φ between described two light pulse parts；With
And
The polarization-maintaining polarization beam-splitting unit (24) includes first input end, the second input terminal and output end, and be configured to via
First and second input terminal receives two light pulse parts with phase difference △ φ, and coupled and via
The output end exports polarised light all the way, wherein the first input end and second input terminal are configured to be aligned with
The fast axle and slow axis of the output end.
2. polarization encoder device as described in claim 1, wherein the polarization-maintaining beam splitting unit (21) is configured to about light arteries and veins
Rush fast axle or slow axis cut-off.
3. polarization encoder device as described in claim 1, wherein the phase modulation unit is phase-modulator, so as to energy
Enough the phase difference △ φ between described two light pulse parts is modulated by electrical modulation signal.
4. polarization encoder device as described in claim 1, wherein propagated to from the light source (1) to the light pulse polarization-maintaining
The Polarization Modulation unit (2).
5. polarization encoder device as described in claim 1, wherein the phase difference △ φ is one of 0, pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s.
6. polarization encoder device as described in claim 1, wherein by the described of the polarization-maintaining polarization beam-splitting unit (24) output
Polarised light has | H >, | V >, | P >, | N > one of polarization state.
7. polarization encoder device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include intensity modulated unit (3), for institute
It states light pulse part and carries out intensity modulated.
8. polarization encoder device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the intensity modulated unit (3) is adjustable attenuator.
9. polarization encoder device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the intensity modulated unit (3) is configured such that in institute
State the first input end and second input end of polarization-maintaining polarization beam-splitting unit (24), described two light pulse part tools
There is identical intensity.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110545180A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-12-06 | 中国科学技术大学 | Polarization encoding device and quantum key distribution light source |
| CN110752880A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-02-04 | 中国科学技术大学 | Polarization encoding method and device for optical communication |
| CN112104452A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-12-18 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Light splitting assembly, polarization decoding device for quantum key distribution and receiving end |
| CN112350781A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2021-02-09 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Low-voltage-driven high-speed photon quantum state preparation device and method |
-
2018
- 2018-07-24 CN CN201821175996.XU patent/CN208797952U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110752880A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-02-04 | 中国科学技术大学 | Polarization encoding method and device for optical communication |
| CN110752880B (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2024-03-29 | 中国科学技术大学 | Polarization coding method and device for optical communication |
| CN112350781A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2021-02-09 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Low-voltage-driven high-speed photon quantum state preparation device and method |
| CN112350781B (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2022-02-11 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Low-voltage-driven high-speed photon quantum state preparation device and method |
| CN112104452A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-12-18 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Light splitting assembly, polarization decoding device for quantum key distribution and receiving end |
| CN112104452B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2022-05-03 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Light splitting assembly, polarization decoding device for quantum key distribution and receiving end |
| CN110545180A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-12-06 | 中国科学技术大学 | Polarization encoding device and quantum key distribution light source |
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