CN207995703U - A kind of flexible clamping conveying device for ramie combine harvester - Google Patents

A kind of flexible clamping conveying device for ramie combine harvester Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN207995703U
CN207995703U CN201820289069.4U CN201820289069U CN207995703U CN 207995703 U CN207995703 U CN 207995703U CN 201820289069 U CN201820289069 U CN 201820289069U CN 207995703 U CN207995703 U CN 207995703U
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
flexible clamping
frame
combine harvester
conveying device
ramie
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201820289069.4U
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
吕江南
王加跃
马兰
刘佳杰
周韦
龙超海
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institute of Bast Fiber Crops of CAAS
Original Assignee
Institute of Bast Fiber Crops of CAAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institute of Bast Fiber Crops of CAAS filed Critical Institute of Bast Fiber Crops of CAAS
Priority to CN201820289069.4U priority Critical patent/CN207995703U/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN207995703U publication Critical patent/CN207995703U/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Landscapes

  • Harvester Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of flexible clamping conveying devices for ramie combine harvester, including rack, gripping conveyor structure, gap adjusting mechanism and guiding lever body.Rack includes two frame bodies being arranged symmetrically, gripping conveyor structure includes sprocket wheel, chain and flexible clamping body, the both ends of two frame bodies have been arranged symmetrically sprocket wheel, the sprocket wheel at each frame body both ends passes through chain drive respectively, flexible clamping body is connected on the outside of chain, gap adjusting mechanism includes two branches being arranged symmetrically, it is connected to longitudinal upper end of two frame bodies, each branch includes installation frame body and several lateral adjustments for being attached to, lateral adjustment is elastic mechanism, the end of each lateral adjustment is contacted with flexible clamping body, it is oriented to the feeding mouth end that lever body is connected to one of frame body, the feeding mouth end of another frame body is connected with rotary-tray.Gripping conveyor structure and flexible clamping body cooperation conveying hemp stalk, gap adjusting mechanism provide chucking power.

Description

A kind of flexible clamping conveying device for ramie combine harvester
Technical field
The utility model is related to a kind of conveying machineries, and in particular to a kind of flexible clamping for ramie combine harvester is defeated Send device.
Background technology
Ramie is known as the title of " China's grass ", has nearly 5000 plantation history in China, at present in the plantation in China 90% or more of area and the worlds yield Jun Zhan.Ramie cultivars main purpose is bast fiber in order to obtain, peeling and is scraped after blueness The bast arrived is known as raw ramie after drying, is the raw material of ramie textile product;Because it is long with single fiber, intensity is big, moisture absorption and Dissipate wet fast, heat-conductive characteristic is good, pure white after degumming to have mercerising, pure can spin, also can with cotton, silk, hair, change, it is fine blended the features such as, The demand of ramie in the international market is increasing.
Ramie mechanized harvest is divided into swath harvesting and combining, and joint is received compared with being segmented and receiving, and has working efficiency High, the advantages that saving labour, is adaptable to crop, therefore combining is the development trend of China's ramie mechanical harvest. However, existing ramie combine harvester, gripping conveyor structure are still far from perfect in the market, often occur conveying it is unstable, Phenomena such as easy blocking, frangibility ramie, fibre beakage is caused, prodigious harvesting loss is brought.
Utility model content
The flexible folder of steady, avoidable blocking that the main purpose of the utility model is to provide a kind of conveyings and the hemp stalk that fractures Hold conveying device.
This flexible clamping conveying device for ramie combine harvester provided by the utility model, including rack, folder It holds conveying mechanism, gap adjusting mechanism and is oriented to lever body, rack includes two frame bodies being arranged symmetrically, gripping conveyor Structure includes sprocket wheel, chain and flexible clamping body, and the both ends of two frame bodies have been arranged symmetrically sprocket wheel, the sprocket wheel at each frame body both ends Respectively by chain drive, it is connected with flexible clamping body on the outside of chain, gap adjusting mechanism includes two branches being arranged symmetrically, It is connected to longitudinal upper end of two frame bodies, each branch includes installation frame body and several lateral adjustments for being attached to Mechanism, lateral adjustment are elastic mechanism, and the end of each lateral adjustment is contacted with flexible clamping body, are oriented to lever body It is connected to the feeding mouth end of one of frame body, the feeding mouth end of another frame body is connected with rotary-tray.
The frame body includes two vertical rectangle racks, and the top and bottom both ends of two vertical rectangle racks pass through connecting plate It is linked together.
It is connected with bearing on the connecting plate, shaft vertically is connected in bearing, is connected in shaft upper and lower Two sprocket wheels are key connection between sprocket wheel and shaft, the keyway position of different height are provided in shaft, so that between two sprocket wheels Distance it is adjustable, block machine is arranged in the downside of each keyway position.
The installation frame body includes longitudinal bracing frame and the cross-brace frame that is connected on longitudinal bracing frame, longitudinal bracing frame The longitudinal upper end for being connected to the frame body corresponds between the sprocket wheel at both ends, and several cross-brace framves are vertically connected at longitudinal branch On support.
The lateral adjustment includes transverse support bar, compressed spring and rotating wheel, and transverse support bar is horizontal through institute Cross-brace frame is stated, runner is placed on the interior of transverse support bar with the horizontally disposed outer end for being connected to transverse support bar, compressed spring The both ends at end, compressed spring are limited by transverse support bar and longitudinal bracing frame respectively, the gap of inner end connection of transverse support bar In the mounting hole on the longitudinal bracing frame.
The flexible clamping body is connected between two chains of homonymy, above chain lower linking plate and following chain the first line of a couplet Plate is connected separately with horizontal side plate, and a flexible clamping body, flexible clamping body are connected between adjacent four pieces of horizontal side plates up and down Cross-sectional shape be isosceles triangle that apex angle is fillet, flexible clamping body with flat side inwardly, arc-shaped edges vertical cloth outwardly It sets, upper and lower ends are connect with horizontal side plate respectively.
Flexible clamping body on the outside of two chains is in longitudinally staggered disposition.
The vertical middle inside perpendicular contact of the outer rim of the rotating wheel and the flexible clamping body.
The guiding lever body includes arc-shaped guide plate, driving lever component and driving motor, and arc-shaped guide plate has horizontal cloth Three pieces of the upper, middle and lower set, is connected to top, middle part and the bottom at a frame body feeding mouth end, driving lever component include rotation axis and The upper end of the driving lever being attached to, rotation axis is connected to the arcuate guide of the arc-shaped guide plate upper and lower end across middle part at top Plate, driving motor use servo motor, are connected to the lower end of rotation axis.
Another frame body feeding mouth end connects connecting plate of the shaft across frame body bottom of sprocket wheel, the rotary-tray It is connected to the lower end of the shaft, former is distributed along the circumference between the upside of rotary-tray and the center hub of disk body.
The present apparatus drives flexible clamping body that Ramie Stalk is clamped and conveys, adjusted by gap adjusting mechanism by chain drive Chucking power and change clamping gap.Ramie Stalk is clamped in flexible clamping body, can avoid fractureing or damage in clamping process The lateral adjustment of hemp stalk, gap adjusting mechanism is elastic mechanism, on the one hand flexible clamping body can be given to provide chucking power, another Aspect adjusts clamping gap by transversal stretching, is conveyed with adapting to different size of Ramie Stalk.
The present apparatus is installed on the left side of ramie combine harvester direction of advance, hangs down with the header device of ramie combine harvester Straight arrangement, orderly connection, the Ramie Stalk to come for clamping header device cutting conveying.The dynamical system of combined harvester Power is provided to the shaft for being connected with drive sprocket, so that shaft rotation is driven drive sprocket rotation, to make the clamping of the present apparatus Conveying mechanism realizes the operation of clamping conveying hemp stalk.It is specific as follows:Combined harvester travels forward, and stem cutting is simultaneously laterally defeated It send to flexible clamping conveying device side, under the action of rotary-tray, Ramie Stalk can smoothly reach clamping conveying Mechanism, and the arc-shaped guide plate for being oriented to lever body is collided, clamping conveying is entered under the action of arc-shaped guide plate and driving lever Mechanism, the flexible clamping body connected on the chain of gripping conveyor structure both sides clamp stalk under the action of lateral adjustment, With the shuttling movement of chain, constantly stalk is sent into the rod-collecting box of combined harvester.Clamping of the flexible clamping body to stalk Power comes from the compressed spring of lateral adjustment, and the elastic force of both sides lateral adjustment compressed spring is squeezed by rotating wheel respectively Flexible clamping body is pressed, flexible clamping physical efficiency is made to clamp Ramie Stalk, transmission while does not fracture stalk, and conveying is steady.Because of ramie The stalk diameter of anesthesia stem is of different sizes, and clamping needs different clamping gaps and chucking power when transmitting, so lateral adjustment is Elastic mechanism can not only give flexible clamping body to provide chucking power, moreover it is possible to adjust the gap between the flexible clamping body of both sides and adjusting Chucking power size.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the axis side structure schematic diagram of the utility model one embodiment(Chain and flexible clamping body are not drawn).
Fig. 2 is the amplification assembling schematic diagram of chain and flexible clamping body.
Fig. 3 is the portions the A enlarged diagram in Fig. 1.
Specific implementation mode
As shown in Figure 1, this flexible clamping conveying device for ramie combine harvester disclosed in the present embodiment, including Rack 1, gap adjusting mechanism 3, is oriented to lever body 4 and rotary-tray 5 at gripping conveyor structure 2.
Rack 1 includes two frame bodies 11 being arranged symmetrically, and frame body includes two vertical rectangle racks, two vertical rectangles The top and bottom both ends of frame are linked together by connecting plate 111.
Can be seen that gripping conveyor structure 2 in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2 includes drive sprocket 21, driven sprocket 22, shaft 23, chain Item 24 and flexible clamping body 25.
Drive sprocket 21 and driven sprocket 22 are arranged in pairs in shaft 23 respectively, and the both ends of two frame bodies 11 are arranged symmetrically Drive sprocket 21 and driven sprocket 22, shaft 23 are installed by the bearing on 11 upper end connecting plate 111 of frame body.Each sprocket wheel with turn It is key connection between axis, the keyway position of different height is provided in shaft, so that the distance between two sprocket wheels are adjustable thereon, often Block machine is arranged in the downside of a keyway position.It is passed respectively by chain 24 between the drive sprocket and driven sprocket at each frame body both ends It is dynamic.It is not drawn into chain 24 and flexible clamping body 25 in Fig. 1, the assembling schematic diagram of chain and flexible clamping body is as shown in Figure 2.
Since drive sprocket and driven sprocket are arranged for upper layer and lower layer, so chain also has two up and down.The present embodiment exists Flexible clamping body is connected between upper and lower two chains:Pass through the upper connective plate of the lower linking plate and a following chain of a chain above It is separately connected upper layer and lower layer horizontal side plate 26, flexible clamping body 25 is connected between two layers of horizontal side plate 26.
For the ease of adjusting the holding area of flexible clamping body according to the hemp stalk of different growth situations, make every shaft On the distance between two sprocket wheels it is adjustable.The adjusting of distance is accomplished by the following way between upper and lower two sprocket wheels:Sprocket wheel with By key connection between shaft, the keyway position of different height is set in shaft, sprocket wheel can select according to specific needs when connecting It installs the keyway position of different location.
The flexible clamping body 25 of the present embodiment is made of elastomer, to ensure there is foot between flexible clamping body and hemp stalk Enough big frictional force, to ensure that hemp stalk will not fall down in transmit process is clamped.The cross-sectional shape of flexible clamping body 25 The isosceles triangle of fillet for apex angle, flexible clamping body 25 with flat side inwardly, arc-shaped edges arrange vertically outwardly, upper and lower two End is connect with horizontal side plate 26 respectively.The flexible clamping body 25 in two chains, 24 outside is in longitudinally staggered disposition.
Can be seen that gap adjusting mechanism 3 in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 includes two branches being arranged symmetrically, and two branches are separately connected In longitudinal upper end of two frame bodies 11.Each branch includes installation frame body 31 and several lateral adjustments for being attached to 32。
Installation frame body 31 includes longitudinal bracing frame 311 and the cross-brace frame 312, Zong Xiangzhi being connected on longitudinal bracing frame Longitudinal upper end that support 311 is connected to frame body 11 corresponds between the drive sprocket and driven sprocket at both ends, several laterally branch Support 312 is vertically connected on longitudinal bracing frame 311.
Lateral adjustment 32 includes transverse support bar 321, compressed spring 322 and rotating wheel 323, transverse support bar 321 Horizontal through cross-brace frame 312, the horizontally disposed outer end for being connected to transverse support bar 321 of rotating wheel 323, compressed spring 322 It is placed on the inner end of transverse support bar 321, the both ends of compressed spring 322 pass through transverse support bar 321 and longitudinal bracing frame 311 respectively Limit, the gap of inner end of transverse support bar 321 are connected in the mounting hole on longitudinal bracing frame 311.Outside transverse support bar 321 End section has the limited step relative to cross-brace frame 312.
Link position of the cross-brace frame 312 on longitudinal bracing frame 311 corresponds to flexible clamping body 25 with rotating wheel 323 Medium position subject to.The outer rim of rotating wheel 323 and the vertical middle inside perpendicular contact of flexible clamping body 25.
The driven sprocket installation end of rack 1 is feeding mouth end, is oriented to lever body 4 and is connected to one frame body 11 of rack Feeding mouth end.
It includes arc-shaped guide plate 41, driving lever component and driving motor 44 to be oriented to lever body 4, and arc-shaped guide plate 41 has vertically Three pieces of arrangement, are connected to top, middle part and the bottom at 1 one frame bodies of rack, 11 feeding mouth end, and driving lever component includes rotation Axis 42 and the driving lever 43 being attached to, 41 upper and lower end of arc-shaped guide plate that the upper end of rotation axis 42 is connected to top pass through The arc-shaped guide plate 41 in portion, driving motor 44 use servo motor, are connected to the lower end of rotation axis 42.It slightly stretches the outer end of driving lever 43 For the concave arc side sideline of arc-shaped guide plate 41.Driving motor 44 drives rotation axis 42 and driving lever 43 to rotate.
Another the 11 feeding mouth end of frame body of rack 1 connects connecting plate of the shaft 23 across 11 bottom of frame body of sprocket wheel 111, rotary-tray 5 is connected to the lower end of the shaft 23, is evenly distributed between the upside of rotary-tray 5 and the center hub of disk body There is former 51.That is, driven sprocket drives rotary-tray 5 to rotate.
The present apparatus is installed on the left side of ramie combine harvester direction of advance, hangs down with the header device of ramie combine harvester Straight arrangement, orderly connection, the Ramie Stalk to come for clamping header device cutting conveying.The dynamical system of combined harvester Power is provided to the shaft for being connected with drive sprocket, so that shaft rotation is driven drive sprocket rotation, to make the clamping of the present apparatus Conveying mechanism realizes the operation of clamping conveying hemp stalk.
It is specific as follows:Combined harvester travels forward, by stem cutting and lateral transfer to flexible clamping conveying device institute In side, under the action of rotary-tray, Ramie Stalk collides the arc-shaped guide plate for being oriented to lever body, in arc-shaped guide plate With enter gripping conveyor structure under the action of driving lever, the flexible clamping body connected on the chain of gripping conveyor structure both sides is in lateral tune Stalk is clamped under the action of section mechanism, with the shuttling movement of chain, stalk is constantly sent into the collection stalk case of combined harvester In.Flexible clamping body comes from the chucking power of stalk the compressed spring of lateral adjustment, the compression of both sides lateral adjustment The elastic force of spring squeezes flexible clamping body by rotating wheel respectively, while so that flexible clamping physical efficiency is clamped Ramie Stalk transmission again Do not fracture stalk.Because the stalk diameter of Ramie Stalk is of different sizes, clamping needs different clamping gaps and chucking power, institute when transmitting Using lateral adjustment as elastic mechanism, can not only flexible clamping body be given to provide chucking power, moreover it is possible to adjust both sides flexible clamping body Between gap and adjust chucking power size.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of flexible clamping conveying device for ramie combine harvester, it is characterised in that:It includes rack, clamping conveying Mechanism, gap adjusting mechanism and guiding lever body, rack includes two frame bodies being arranged symmetrically, and gripping conveyor structure includes The both ends of sprocket wheel, chain and flexible clamping body, two frame bodies have been arranged symmetrically sprocket wheel, and the sprocket wheel at each frame body both ends leads to respectively Chain drive is crossed, flexible clamping body is connected on the outside of chain, gap adjusting mechanism includes two branches being arranged symmetrically, and is connected respectively It is connected to longitudinal upper end of two frame bodies, each branch includes installation frame body and several lateral adjustments for being attached to, Lateral adjustment is elastic mechanism, and the end of each lateral adjustment is contacted with flexible clamping body, is oriented to lever body connection In the feeding mouth end of one of frame body, the feeding mouth end of another frame body is connected with rotary-tray.
2. being used for the flexible clamping conveying device of ramie combine harvester as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The frame Frame body includes two vertical rectangle racks, and the top and bottom both ends of two vertical rectangle racks are linked together by connecting plate.
3. being used for the flexible clamping conveying device of ramie combine harvester as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:The company It is connected with bearing on fishplate bar, shaft vertically is connected in bearing, upper and lower two sprocket wheels, sprocket wheel are connected in shaft It is key connection between shaft, the keyway position of different height is provided in shaft, so that the distance between two sprocket wheels are adjustable, often Block machine is arranged in the downside of a keyway position.
4. being used for the flexible clamping conveying device of ramie combine harvester as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that:The peace It includes longitudinal bracing frame and the cross-brace frame that is connected on longitudinal bracing frame to shelve body, and longitudinal bracing frame is connected to the frame Longitudinal upper end of body corresponds between the sprocket wheel at both ends, and several cross-brace framves are vertically connected on longitudinal bracing frame.
5. being used for the flexible clamping conveying device of ramie combine harvester as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that:The cross Include transverse support bar, compressed spring and rotating wheel to regulating mechanism, transverse support bar turns horizontal through the cross-brace frame For wheel with the horizontally disposed outer end for being connected to transverse support bar, compressed spring is placed on the inner end of transverse support bar, and the two of compressed spring End is limited by transverse support bar and longitudinal bracing frame respectively, and the gap of inner end of transverse support bar is connected to the longitudinal bracing frame On mounting hole in.
6. being used for the flexible clamping conveying device of ramie combine harvester as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that:It is described soft Property cramping body is connected between two chains of homonymy, above the lower linking plate of chain and the upper connective plate of following chain be connected separately with water Flat lateral plate, a flexible clamping body is connected between adjacent four pieces of horizontal side plates up and down, and the cross-sectional shape of flexible clamping body is Apex angle is the isosceles triangle of fillet, flexible clamping body with flat side inwardly, arc-shaped edges arrange vertically outwardly, upper and lower ends difference It is connect with horizontal side plate.
7. being used for the flexible clamping conveying device of ramie combine harvester as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that:Two chains The flexible clamping body in outside is in longitudinally staggered disposition.
8. being used for the flexible clamping conveying device of ramie combine harvester as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that:Described turn The vertical middle inside perpendicular contact of the outer rim of driving wheel and the flexible clamping body.
9. being used for the flexible clamping conveying device of ramie combine harvester as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:It is described to lead Include arc-shaped guide plate, driving lever component and driving motor to lever body, arc-shaped guide plate has three pieces of horizontally disposed upper, middle and lower, It is connected to top, middle part and the bottom at a frame body feeding mouth end, driving lever component includes rotation axis and group being attached to The upper end of bar, rotation axis is connected to the arc-shaped guide plate of the arc-shaped guide plate upper and lower end across middle part at top, and driving motor uses Servo motor is connected to the lower end of rotation axis.
10. being used for the flexible clamping conveying device of ramie combine harvester as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:It is another A frame body feeding mouth end connects connecting plate of the shaft across frame body bottom of sprocket wheel, and the rotary-tray is connected to the shaft Lower end, be distributed along the circumference with former between the upside of rotary-tray and the center hub of disk body.
CN201820289069.4U 2018-03-01 2018-03-01 A kind of flexible clamping conveying device for ramie combine harvester Expired - Fee Related CN207995703U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201820289069.4U CN207995703U (en) 2018-03-01 2018-03-01 A kind of flexible clamping conveying device for ramie combine harvester

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201820289069.4U CN207995703U (en) 2018-03-01 2018-03-01 A kind of flexible clamping conveying device for ramie combine harvester

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN207995703U true CN207995703U (en) 2018-10-23

Family

ID=63837574

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201820289069.4U Expired - Fee Related CN207995703U (en) 2018-03-01 2018-03-01 A kind of flexible clamping conveying device for ramie combine harvester

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN207995703U (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109625891A (en) * 2018-11-15 2019-04-16 滁州市云米工业设计有限公司 A kind of transfer device and method for robot tooling parts machining
CN110050588A (en) * 2019-05-22 2019-07-26 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 A kind of clamping gap automatic adjustable conveying device of crop stem

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109625891A (en) * 2018-11-15 2019-04-16 滁州市云米工业设计有限公司 A kind of transfer device and method for robot tooling parts machining
CN110050588A (en) * 2019-05-22 2019-07-26 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 A kind of clamping gap automatic adjustable conveying device of crop stem

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN207995703U (en) A kind of flexible clamping conveying device for ramie combine harvester
CN102523828B (en) Corn bionic picker and picking method
CN110447391A (en) A kind of height-adjustable blueberry recovering device
CN208001564U (en) A kind of fresh stem clamping conveying device of ramie
CN209105662U (en) A kind of sweet wormwood collection device facilitating rewinding
CN108633453B (en) Double-belt clamping ramie removing machine
CN108611685A (en) A kind of mechanical flax inlet device for decorticator
CN211897176U (en) Bidirectional ramie decorticator
CN102640619B (en) Clamping transporting device of corn picking mechanism
CN110366930B (en) Green Chinese onion harvester clamping and conveying mechanism
CN202565746U (en) Clamping conveying device for maize picking mechanism
CN204929709U (en) Based on the crowded stranding formula husker sheller of multiplex roller chain
CN108411378B (en) Transition device for double-belt clamping and hemp removing machine
CN208242247U (en) Pineapple picking machine
CN108966817B (en) Crossing type pineapple picking vehicle
CN107580851B (en) Green Chinese onion combine harvester
CN212937850U (en) Hot pepper stem leaf separator
CN109729844A (en) A kind of sesame slices collecting method
CN111165306A (en) Bundle equipment is beaten with seedling based on tea planting
CN112868375B (en) Separate pushing device for harvesting
CN112205158B (en) Leek reaps and beats bundle robot
JP5467235B2 (en) Produce harvester
CN203691974U (en) Silage harvester header
CN206585972U (en) A kind of novel corn harvester clamps conveying device
CN207560853U (en) A kind of shredding mechanism of staple fiber ppd stepless adjustable silage harvester

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20181023