Background technology
Metal increasing material manufacturing (3D printing) is, with laser, electric arc etc. for heat source, to use metal wire material based on mathematical model
Or powder, the technology of metalwork is constructed by way of successively accumulating.Using electric arc as the metal 3D printing technique of heat source, printing heat
There are following features for cycle:1, in print procedure, molten bath volume is big compared with laser printing, generally in 30~100g.2, print procedure
In, arc energy is high and concentrates, and for maximum temperature up to 1700 DEG C or more, molten pool metal is in an overheated state.3, in print procedure,
Heat source is small, and implements movement, and Gu Dayinwenduchang is an extremely uneven temperature field.
It is gained knowledge from metal it is found that under conditions of metal material chemical is certain, the crystallization condition of material is (i.e. high
Warm residence time, cooling velocity) determine the interior tissue of material, and then determine the physicochemical property of material.Therefore temperature controls
It is the key that ensure printing metallicity.
Electric arc persistently provides high heat in print procedure, such as interlayer temperature will be made to be up to 350 DEG C or more without cooling,
So cause molten pool metal high-temperature residence time long, cooling velocity is slow, and interior tissue is coarse, and material property deteriorates.It is required that general
The print temperature of carbon steel printing must not require higher than 300 DEG C;The print temperature of stainless steel must not be higher than 150 DEG C;It is steel alloy, resistance to
The print temperature of hot steel, which must not require, is higher than 250 DEG C, and preheating temperature is generally not less than 100 DEG C.
If not controlling print temperature, problems with is had:
1, print temperature is temperature between printing road in fact, is the maximum temperature before printing path.When the excessively high meeting of interlayer temperature
Cause deposited metal coarse grains, the intensity and low-temperature impact toughness of printout decline, and print temperature is too low so that liquid is melted
Gas, nonmetal inclusion of metallisation etc. are unable to fully overflow, and are trapped in metal inside, form defect.
2, metal also requires the cooling velocity of molten pool metal in print procedure, and cooling velocity is too fast, is easy to be formed
Hardened structure causes intensity high, and poor impact toughness, cooling velocity is slow, causes high-temperature residence time long, coarse grains, or even production
Raw overheated structure.
3, high to the environmental requirement around molten bath, must not there are water, steam and other chemical reagent, in order to avoid influence printing gold
Attribute energy.
From the above it can be seen that during increasing material manufacturing, temperature control is the key that guarantee material property, but control difficulty pole
It is high.At present without effective feasible method, natural air cooling is generally used, cooling velocity is slow, and printing effect is low, it is difficult to realize quick
Forming.Or use back side water-spraying control.
The cooling velocity of natural air cooling is low, together print after the completion of must stop, waiting temperature decline, and cooling velocity without
Method controls, and printing effect is low, and repeatedly stops to cause the increase of connector quantity, and material property declines.
When using back side water-cooling method, influence of the water variation to temperature is huge, water difficulty tune, and directly uses water cooling,
Cooling velocity is too fast, and it is minimum to connect range to cooling velocity tune.And cooling water is caused air humidity to add by thermal evaporation in cooling procedure
Greatly, print quality and working environment are seriously affected.
Utility model content
Technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide one kind to control for metal increasing material manufacturing process temperature
Device, simple in structure, realize that Quick uniform is cooling, be precisely controlled print temperature, error is within ± 15 DEG C.
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model also resides in, and provides a kind of for metal increasing material manufacturing process temperature control
The device of system, realization control unbalanced temperature field, it are made macroscopically to tend to balance in the fabrication process.
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model also resides in, and provides a kind of for metal increasing material manufacturing process temperature control
The device of system, influence of the removal steam to air humidity.
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model also resides in, and provides a kind of for metal increasing material manufacturing process temperature control
The device of system realizes that the quantization of cooling system is adjusted.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the utility model provides a kind of for the control of metal increasing material manufacturing process temperature
Device, including printing substrate, print component, cooling device and temperature monitor set on printing substrate outer surface, the temperature
Degree monitor is used to monitor the real time temperature of print component;
The integrated pipeline that the cooling device includes waterfog head, is connect with waterfog head, the confession being connect with integrated pipeline
Gas unit and water supplying unit, the waterfog head are set to the inside of printing substrate, waterfog head table in printing substrate
Face pre-determined distance, for spraying cooling water mist, the cooling water mist is acted on to be in contact the waterfog head with print component
In printing substrate.
As the improvement of said program, the temperature monitor, cooling device jointly control printing substrate and/or printing
The temperature of component is in 100~300 DEG C.
As the improvement of said program, the balance for balancing print component bulk temperature is passed through in the printing substrate
Water.
As the improvement of said program, the cooling device includes multiple waterfog heads, the water of each waterfog head and
Tolerance can be adjusted individually, and the spraying face of each two waterfog head overlaps.
As the improvement of said program, the air supply unit includes air valve, barometer and air duct, the water supplying unit
Including cooling water valve, water ga(u)ge and aquaporin;
The integrated pipeline includes at least one air duct and at least two aquaporins, and the aquaporin is logical around air
Road is arranged.
As the improvement of said program, the integrated pipeline includes an air duct and six aquaporins, the air
Channel is set to centre, and three aquaporins are one group, and the aquaporin of difference group is respectively arranged on the both sides of air duct, every group of aquaporin
It is triangularly arranged.
As the improvement of said program, the printing substrate is internally provided with fog-proof plate, and water is filled inside the printing substrate
Steam;
The printing substrate is tubular structure.
Further include that water mist detaches device, the water mist detaches device and is connected with printing substrate as the improvement of said program
It connects, for the vapor inside printing substrate to be discharged.
As the improvement of said program, the distance between the waterfog head and printing substrate are 200-400mm.
As the improvement of said program, the top of the print component is equipped with printing pipette tips, the cooling device and printing
Pipette tips are mounted on moveable bracket base, and the cooling device is all around moved with printing pipette tips, so that Stamping gun
Head is in cooling water mist center.
Implement the utility model, has the advantages that:
One, the utility model includes printing substrate, print component, cooling device and temperature monitor, the cooling device
It is set to the inside of printing substrate, water mist including waterfog head, integrated pipeline, air supply unit and water supplying unit, the waterfog head
Nozzle is acted on for spraying cooling water mist, cooling water mist in the printing substrate being in contact with print component.Meanwhile this practicality is new
Type is passed through the equilibrium water for balancing print component bulk temperature inside printing substrate, therefore, the utility model structure letter
It is single, Quick uniform cooling may be implemented, be precisely controlled print temperature, the temperature to control printing substrate and/or print component exists
Arbitrary adjustable in 100~300 DEG C, precision is ± 15 DEG C.Moreover, the utility model can also make print component at an arbitrary position
For temperature in the range of target control temperature, precision is ± 15 DEG C.
Two, the utility model includes temperature monitor, and air supply unit and water supplying unit are equipped with sensitive valve and flowmeter, can
Quantization adjusts cooling water mist size, achievees the purpose that accuracy controlling cooling velocity and interlayer temperature.
Three, the utility model detaches device by steam and print area is discharged in vapor on printing environment without influence, empty
Air humidity degree will not be increased because of vapor, influence of the removal steam to air humidity.
Four, the utility model wide application.Original water-cooling method is only used for austenitic stainless steel, nickel-base alloy etc. without pre-
Hot temperature requirement, the material low to water-sensitive sensitivity, and the interlayer temperature of the utility model is controllable and eliminates steam influence, it can
Applied to various steel and non-ferrous metal.
The utility model is by accuracy controlling cooling velocity and interlayer temperature, metal component excellent in mechanical performance obtained,
And there is good tissue signature.
Specific implementation mode
It is new to this practicality below in conjunction with attached drawing to keep the purpose of this utility model, technical solution and advantage clearer
Type is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the utility model provides a kind of device for the control of metal increasing material manufacturing process temperature, including
Printing substrate 13, print component 1, cooling device 30 and temperature monitor 4 set on 13 outer surface of printing substrate, the temperature
Monitor 4 is used to monitor the real time temperature of print component 1.The top of the print component 1 is equipped with printing pipette tips 2.
The integrated pipeline 9 that the cooling device 30 includes waterfog head 10, connect with waterfog head 10, with integrated pipeline 9
The air supply unit 31 and water supplying unit 32 of connection, the waterfog head 10 are set to the inside of printing substrate 13, the waterfog head
10 apart from 13 inner surface pre-determined distance of printing substrate, and the waterfog head 10 is made for spraying cooling water mist, the cooling water mist
Printing substrate 13 for being in contact with print component 1.
The equilibrium water 20 for balancing print component bulk temperature is passed through inside printing substrate 13.
By controlling the equilibrium water inside printing substrate, so that the temperature of print component at an arbitrary position is in target control
In the range of temperature, precision is ± 15 DEG C.Moreover, dosage and temperature by controlling equilibrium water, and combine water supplying unit and confession
Gas unit carrys out the adjusting into trip temperature, and the temperature to control printing substrate and/or print component arbitrarily may be used in 100~300 DEG C
It adjusts, precision is ± 15 DEG C.
As shown in Fig. 2, the cooling device 30 includes multiple waterfog heads 10, the water and tolerance of each waterfog head 10
It can individually adjust, the spraying face of each two waterfog head 10 overlaps.Preferably, the cooling device 30 includes that four water mists spray
First 10, the water and tolerance of each waterfog head 10 can be adjusted individually, and four waterfog heads 10 all have individually integrated pipeline,
Four 10 substantially square distributions of waterfog head.The spraying face of each two waterfog head 10 overlaps, below printing substrate 13
Continuous, larger spraying face is formed, effective heat-exchange surface is increased, improves cooling velocity, while improving 13 temperature of printing substrate
The uniformity of degree.
Preferably, the distance between the waterfog head 10 and printing substrate 13 are 200-400mm, it is ensured that printing base
Body 13 has larger contact surface with spraying face.More preferably, the distance between the waterfog head 10 and printing substrate 13 are
250-280mm, to ensure that printing substrate 13 has maximum contact surface with spraying face.
The air supply unit 31 includes air valve 5, barometer 3 and air duct 8A, and the water supplying unit 32 includes cooling water
Valve 6, water ga(u)ge 7 and water channel 8 B;The integrated pipeline includes air duct and aquaporin.
As shown in figure 3, the integrated pipeline 9 includes at least one air duct 18 and at least two aquaporins 17, it is described
Aquaporin 17 is arranged around air duct 18, for conveying compressed air and cooling water.
Preferably, the integrated pipeline 9 includes that an air duct 18 and six aquaporins 17, the air duct 18 are set
In centre, three aquaporins 17 are one group, and the aquaporin of difference group is respectively arranged on the both sides of air duct 18, every group of aquaporin
17 are triangularly arranged.
Cooling device is mainly responsible for is made cooling water mist 11 by water and compressed air, is cooled down to printout, and adjustable
Section cooling water valve controls the size (i.e. cooling capacity) of cooling water mist, and flowmeter can quantify to react the big of cooling water mist
It is small.When printing, printing pipette tips are heated, cool down water mist and cooled down, and the two interaction reaches equalized temperature, and passes through valve
The size that door adjusts water mist realizes temperature control purpose.
The temperature monitor 4 preferentially selects far-infrared temperature sensor, model C73M, temperature measurement range 100
~600 DEG C, the infrared probe of temperature monitor is connected with printing pipette tips, is followed by printing pipette tips movement, constantly monitoring printing temperature
The display of degree, temperature monitor is equipped for digital display, intuitively shows interlayer temperature.Also other monitoring temperatures can be assisted to set simultaneously
Standby, monitoring interlayer temperature is less than 100 DEG C of printout.
It should be noted that the utility model temperature monitor can also select other kinds of monitor, as long as in fact
The purpose of existing monitoring temperature.
The utility model by temperature monitor carry out print component real time temperature monitoring and pass through adjust air supply unit
Air pressure and the water flow of water supplying unit and the dosage and temperature of adjustment water, can quantify to adjust cooling water mist and flat
Hengshui achievees the purpose that accuracy controlling cooling velocity and interlayer temperature.
Preferably, when the interlayer temperature for printing metal is 100 DEG C, the air pressure of air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, is supplied water
The water flow of unit is 1-10L/min, while using equilibrium water, and the temperature of equilibrium water is 30~60 DEG C, and the water level of equilibrium water is
150~400mm;
When the interlayer temperature for printing metal is 150 DEG C, the air pressure of air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water of water supplying unit
Flow is 1.5-8L/min, while using equilibrium water, and the temperature of equilibrium water is 40~70 DEG C, the water level of equilibrium water is 100~
300mm;
When the interlayer temperature for printing metal is 200 DEG C, the air pressure of air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water of water supplying unit
Flow is 0.5-6L/min, while using equilibrium water, and the temperature of equilibrium water is 50~80 DEG C, the water level of equilibrium water is 50~
250mm;
When the interlayer temperature for printing metal is 250 DEG C, the air pressure of air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water of water supplying unit
Flow is 0.1-5L/min, while using equilibrium water, and the temperature of equilibrium water is 50~90 DEG C, the water level < 100mm of equilibrium water;
When the interlayer temperature for printing metal is 300 DEG C, the air pressure of air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water of water supplying unit
Flow is 0-3L/min, while using equilibrium water, and the temperature of equilibrium water is 50~90 DEG C, the water level < 100mm of equilibrium water.
More preferably, when the interlayer temperature for printing metal is 100 DEG C, the air pressure of air supply unit is 0.7-0.8MPa, is supplied water
The water flow of unit is 1.5-8L/min, while using equilibrium water, and the temperature of equilibrium water is 30~60 DEG C, and the water level of equilibrium water is
180~300mm;
When the interlayer temperature for printing metal is 150 DEG C, the air pressure of air supply unit is 0.7-0.8MPa, the water of water supplying unit
Flow is 2-7L/min, while using equilibrium water, and the temperature of equilibrium water is 40~70 DEG C, the water level of equilibrium water is 150~
250mm;
When the interlayer temperature for printing metal is 200 DEG C, the air pressure of air supply unit is 0.7-0.8MPa, the water of water supplying unit
Flow is 1.0-5L/min, while using equilibrium water, and the temperature of equilibrium water is 50~80 DEG C, the water level of equilibrium water is 100~
200mm;
When the interlayer temperature for printing metal is 250 DEG C, the air pressure of air supply unit is 0.7-0.8MPa, the water of water supplying unit
Flow is 0.5-3L/min, while using equilibrium water, and the temperature of equilibrium water is 50~90 DEG C, the water level < 80mm of equilibrium water;
When the interlayer temperature for printing metal is 300 DEG C, the air pressure of air supply unit is 0.7-0.8MPa, the water of water supplying unit
Flow is 0-2L/min, while using equilibrium water, and the temperature of equilibrium water is 50~90 DEG C, the water level < 80mm of equilibrium water.
As shown in Figure 4,5, the printing substrate 13 is tubular structure.Printing substrate 13 is set on 16 on load-carrying turntable, is used
In the autorotation for realizing printing substrate.Preferably, the section of printing substrate 13 is round or rectangular, and it is good that material is generally heat conduction
Carbon steel, low-alloy steel material, can also be needed to change its shape and material when necessary according to printing.
The printing substrate 13 is internally provided with fog-proof plate 12, and 13 inside of the printing substrate fills vapor 14.Fog-proof plate
12 blocking vapor drift print area, while reducing by the danger of steam and hot water scald.
Preferably, the utility model further includes that water mist detaches device 15, and the water mist detaches device 15 and printing substrate 13
It is connected, for the vapor inside printing substrate 13 to be discharged, ensures that print area humidity is not influenced by water mist.Specifically,
Water mist detach device 15 be negative pressure ventilation device, mainly include wind turbine and discharge duct, but not limited to this.
Further, it in order to preferably ensure that the utility model possesses best cooling effect, the cooling device 30 and beats
It prints pipette tips 2 to be mounted on moveable bracket base, the cooling device is all around moved with printing pipette tips, so that printing
Pipette tips are in cooling water mist center.The moveable bracket base is designed with reference to the prior art.
Moreover, in order to ensure that there is metal component best mechanical property will print structure after the completion of the utility model printing
The first layer of part prints metal removal.This is because printing pipette tips carry out the pre- hot print of first layer, the heat provided by printing pipette tips
Measure it is huge, interlayer temperature moment increase, be unable to reach best temperature parameter, best mechanical property can not be obtained.First
Layer printing metal is usually together with the machined removal of matrix.
When work, the utility model is controlled as follows:
(1) printing pipette tips 2 carry out the pre- hot print of first layer;
(2) when the second layer prints, air valve 5 and cooling water valve 6 are opened, controlled temperature monitor 4 adjusts cooling water valve, by layer
Between temperature control in the intermediate region of parameter request.Cooling water mist is vapor by heat of vaporization, and vapor is full of in printing base
In body 13, device 15 is detached by water mist and extracts vapor out, print area is discharged.Specific printing temperature-controlled parameter such as following table institute
Show:
When printing, device for monitoring temperature 4 monitors interlayer temperature in real time.When interlayer temperature increases, flow is compareed
Gauge adjusts cooling water valve 6, increases cooling water flow, to increase cooling velocity, reduces interlayer temperature;When interlayer temperature reduces
When, control water ga(u)ge 7 turns cooling water mist down, reduces cooling velocity, and interlayer temperature reduces.Pass through the method for this feedback regulation
Control the stability of interlayer temperature.
(3) when carrying out the printing of other layers, the temperature control step of step (2) is repeated.
(4) preheating printable layer needs mechanical removal after the completion of printing.
It should be noted that above-mentioned printing temperature-controlled parameter can be according to actual working condition and metal component finished product
It is required that and be adjusted, embodiments thereof is not limited to the utility model illustrated embodiment.
To sum up, it is 100~300 that utility model device, which can be precisely controlled printing substrate and/or the temperature of print component,
DEG C, precision is ± 15 DEG C, ensures that metal component obtained obtains ideal mechanical property.By the metal structure of the utility model
Part does Mechanics Performance Testing, as a result as follows:
It should be noted that tensile strength (tensile strength) is metal from uniform plastic deformation to concentration of local
It is plastically deformed the maximum load-carrying capacity of the critical value and metal of transition under quiet stretching condition.
Yield strength is yield limit when yield phenomenon occurs for metal material, that is, resists answering for micro plastic deformation
Power.
Elongation after fracture refers to metal material and is acted on by external force (pulling force) when being broken, the length and original length of coupon elongation
Percentage.
The contraction percentage of area refers to that section reduces when material is broken by pulling force, the ratio of area and the original area that section reduces
The contraction percentage of area.
As seen from the above table, the tensile strength, yield strength of metal component made from the utility model are big, it was demonstrated that its intensity
It is high;Elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area are bigger, illustrate that the plasticity of material is bigger, are not only convenient for carrying out various processing, Er Qieneng
Ensure safe handling of the material in engineering.Therefore, the utility model greatly improves the plasticity, toughness, intensity of Forming Workpiece
With the mechanical properties such as high-temerature creep.
Above disclosed is only a kind of the utility model preferred embodiment, cannot limit this practicality with this certainly
Novel interest field, therefore equivalent variations made according to the claim of the utility model still belong to what the utility model was covered
Range.