CN207455597U - Plasma smelting furnace - Google Patents
Plasma smelting furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN207455597U CN207455597U CN201721226896.0U CN201721226896U CN207455597U CN 207455597 U CN207455597 U CN 207455597U CN 201721226896 U CN201721226896 U CN 201721226896U CN 207455597 U CN207455597 U CN 207455597U
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Abstract
A kind of plasma smelting furnace, including：Container, the container have the cavity for receiving waste material, and the side wall of container is provided with feed inlet；At least two plasma electrode components, wherein the first plasma electrode component is mounted on container top, and it can be moved up and down under the action of first electrode assembly operating mechanism in the cavity inside container, second plasma electrode component is arranged in container cavity and under the first plasma electrode component, it is characterized in that, electrode in first plasma electrode component is pectination, and the second plasma electrode component is rotation electrode component, positioned at the lower section of feed inlet.Plasma melting stove heat provided by the utility model is efficient, handles the speed of waste product.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to plasma smelting furnace, more specifically, the controlled thermal for being related to dangerous and non-hazardous substance is broken
It is bad.
Background technology
In the past, it is that waste material is placed in landfill yard by waste disposal method.When the consequence of landfill disposal is a bit harmful poisonous
Substance is slowly discharged into empty gas and water and soil, therefore, causes the pollution of environment, to solve the problems, such as this, in the prior art
Using incineration process, but incineration process is limited, and e.g., some waste materials are uneven, this prevents incinerator from keeping
Sufficiently high steady temperature to handle all organic and inorganic substances in waste product completely, in low-temperature circulating, generates incomplete
The product (pollutant) of burning and the organic substance (such as dioxin, furans and greenhouse gases) of potential danger, and finally discharge
Into air.In high temperature circulation, the release of particle, nitrogen oxide and metal oxide increases, including a kind of known carcinogenic substance：
Cr VI.In order to solve the above technical problems, in the prior art using plasma gasification to inorganic and/or organic solid waste,
Semisolid waste and/or liquid wastes are handled, and gasification furnace of the prior art is typically will by the feed inlet of gasification furnace
Pending waste product is transported in burner hearth, and the waste product heating and gasifying formation gas for being sent to furnace is then treated by plasma torch
Body, then again reprocesses generated gas to form available gas and recycled or formed innocuous gas and is discharged into sky
In.But when waste product is transported in burner hearth in the prior art, waste product has carried out stack, so causes the efficiency of heating surface low.
The content of the invention
To overcome technical problem in the prior art, the goal of the invention of the utility model is to provide a kind of plasma melting
Stove, the efficiency of heating surface is high, handles the speed of waste product.
To realize the goal of the invention, the utility model provides a kind of plasma smelting furnace, including：Container, the container tool
There is the cavity for receiving waste material, the side wall of the container is provided with feed inlet；At least two plasma electrode components, wherein first
Plasma electrode component is mounted on container top, and can be inside container under the action of first electrode assembly operating mechanism
Cavity in move up and down, the second plasma electrode component is arranged in the cavity of container and positioned at the first plasma electrode
Under component, which is characterized in that the electrode in the first plasma electrode component is pectination, and the second plasma electrode component is
Rotation electrode component, and positioned at the lower section of feed inlet.
Preferably, the first plasma electrode component is run up and down along the axis of the second plasma electrode component, with control
Temperature in container cavity.
Preferably, the second plasma electrode component can be around first under the action of second electrode assembly operating mechanism
The axis rotation of plasma electrode component, so that the waste material being poured into container is uniformly distributed in the second plasma electrode
On component.
Preferably, plasma smelting furnace further includes cycle subsystem, and the cycle subsystem is used to discharge from container
Gas imports container again, to be decomposed again to undecomposed complete toxic gas.
Preferably, the second electrode assembly operating mechanism makes at least two plasma under the action of control system
The first plasma electrode component and the second plasma electrode assemblies spaced apart in body electrode assembly is in the container
Generate the temperature of substantial constant.
Preferably, container at least includes high heat-resisting resistant to corrosion layer, insulating layer, insulating layer and flame retardant coating successively from inside to outside.
Preferably, plasma electrode component includes graphite.
Preferably, the second plasma electrode component includes at least high temperature stent and the electricity of patty or convex globoidal shape
Pole, stent is slightly less than the circular ring shape gear of container intracavity diameter including diameter and diameter is approximately equal to the diameter of electrode or chord length is used in combination
In fixed patty or the annulus of the electrode of convex globoidal shape；It is evenly arranged with and multiple inclined inclines between circular ring shape gear and annulus
Oblique connection strap, so forms frustum, between each adjacent inclined connection strap along frustum to be circumferentially provided with one or more circumferential
Connection strap.
Preferably, slide is at least further included, the slide is by fixing piece along the circumferentially disposed of container inner wall.
Preferably, second electrode assembly operating mechanism drives the second plasma electrode component to be rotated along slide.
Compared with prior art, plasma smelting furnace provided by the utility model, the efficiency of heating surface is high, handles the speed of waste product
Comparatively fast.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the longitudinal cross-section schematic diagram of plasma smelting furnace provided by the utility model；
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of rotation waste material stent provided by the utility model；
Fig. 3 is the bottom view of the first plasma electrode component provided by the utility model；
Fig. 4 is the bottom view of the second plasma electrode component provided by the utility model.
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of DC current provided by the utility model.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the utility model is described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein from beginning
Same or similar element is represented to same or similar label eventually or there is same or like element.Below by ginseng
The embodiment for examining attached drawing description is exemplary, and illustrated embodiment is only used for explaining the utility model, and cannot be construed to this
The limitation of utility model.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, singulative " one " used herein, " one
It is a ", " described " and "the" may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that it is used in the specification of the utility model
Wording " comprising " refer to there are the feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component, but it is not excluded that in the presence of or
Other one or more features of addition, integer, step, operation, element, component and/or combination thereof.It should be understood that when me
When claiming the element to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to other elements or there may also be intermediary elements.
Whole or any cell and whole groups of the wording "and/or" used herein including one or more associated list items
It closes.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that all terms used herein are (academic including technical term and section
Language), there is the meaning identical with the general understanding of the those of ordinary skill in the utility model fields.It should also be appreciated that
It is term used in present specification, it should be understood that there is the meaning consistent with the prior art, unless in present specification
By specific definitions, otherwise will not be explained with the meaning of extramalization.
Fig. 1 is the longitudinal cross-section schematic diagram of plasma smelting furnace provided by the utility model；Fig. 2 is provided by the utility model
Rotate the structure diagram of waste material stent；Fig. 3 is the bottom view of the first plasma electrode component provided by the utility model；Fig. 4
It is the bottom view of the second plasma electrode component provided by the utility model.As shown in Fig. 1-4, according to the utility model one
The plasma furnace 100 of embodiment includes：The container 101 being arranged on supporting rack 119, the container, which has, receives waste material
Cavity, the side wall of the container is provided with feed inlet, and the feed inlet connects feed arrangement, is fed by feed arrangement.It is described
Telescopic isolating door 125 is provided between the discharge gate of feed arrangement and the feed inlet of container 101, it is necessary to when feeding, is controlled
System makes motor work so that isolating door 125 to be driven to open, if you do not need to during charging, control system make motor work with drive every
Feed inlet is closed from door 125.
Feed arrangement includes the feed space set with angle of inclination.In some embodiments, this angle of inclination is and installation
The angle of plane, and changes between horizontal about 15 degree by about 0 degree.In other embodiments, which can be more than
15 degree.It is under the effect of gravity, be supplied and discharge from useless into container 101 from feed space to be obliquely installed feed arrangement
The waste and liquid (such as water) that object bag is squeezed out or leaked.According to the utility model one embodiment, the feed arrangement includes
Feed hopper 110, with mounting plane in 0 degree to 15 degree cylindrical shape feed space and be arranged in feed space and along the axis of feed space
The transport axis 113 of line extension, circumferentially spiral, the transport axis single screw mechanism used so as to be formed that be provided with fin 112 along transport axis
It is driven and rotated by motor, spiraled along the circumferential direction of cylindrical shape feed space and be provided with gas-guide tube 109, one end of the gas-guide tube and container
101 gas vent connection, the other end is communicated in container intracavity or is communicated in downstream again has a surplus heat boiler, the exhaust of container
Cycling air pump can be set in the access that hole is connected with gas-guide tube 109.It spirals along the circumferential direction of cylindrical shape feed space the air guide of setting
Pipe 109 forms cylinder, and heat-preservation cylinder 108 is provided in the periphery of the cylinder formed by gas-guide tube or thermal insulation material is twined and covered
Insulating layer with as far as possible prevent the heat of gas-guide tube from distributing.The wall and gas-guide tube of cylindrical shape feed space are prepared by Heat Conduction Material,
The Heat Conduction Material is, for example, metal material.Motor can drive transport axis 113 to rotate according to the control signal of control system.Cylinder
Feed inlet open upwards is provided on the side wall of shape feed space, the feed inlet is connected to feed hopper 110, feed inlet and charging
Isolating door 127 is provided between bucket, a motor controls the isolating door operation so that feed inlet according to the instruction of control system
It closes and opens.According to one embodiment, plasma smelting furnace further includes plenum chamber 300, an air inlet of the plenum chamber 300
The exhaust outlet 107 of container 101 is communicated in, another air inlet of the plenum chamber can be communicated in external air supply channel；Plenum chamber
300 exhaust outlet is communicated in gas-guide tube 109 through control valve 129, and gas content sensor (not shown) can be set in plenum chamber,
The gas of container discharge is first stored in plenum chamber 300, using the gas ingredients in gas analyzer analysis plenum chamber, works as plenum chamber
When the content of pernicious gas in 300 is exceeded, control system controls control valve 129, makes the exhaust outlet and conduit of plenum chamber 300
109 inlet end connection, the exhaust outlet of gas-guide tube are communicated in container, gas are made to again pass by decomposition；When having in plenum chamber 300
When the content of evil gas is less than standard, control system control control valve 129 makes the air inlet of the exhaust outlet and waste heat boiler of plenum chamber
End connection carries out heat exchange using waste heat and industry water.
In some embodiments, feed arrangement can provide waste material, such as solid waste, pollution by polychlorinated biphenyles to container 101
Object, refinery's waste, office waste, cafeteria's waste, plant maintenance waste are (for example, wooden bracket, the luminaire scrapped
Tool, plant waste, wastewater sludge), pharmaceutical wastes, clinical waste, flying dust and bottom ash, industry and laboratory solvent, organic and nothing
Chemical machine product, insecticide, organic chloride, thermal cell, refuse battery and the military waste including weapon component.Plasma
Body smelting furnace includes multiple contractile isolating doors.Isolating door 127 can be set to allow to be fed into solid waste adjacent to feed hopper
Expect to supply waste material in the feed space of device.Isolating door 125 sets adjacent to container 101 and allows to supply into container 101 useless
Material.After the closing of isolating door 127, nitrogen can be used to pressurize to be obviously reduced and/or prevent air from entering receiving to feed space
In the container 101 of waste material, and flammable forming gas is prevented to be flowed into container 101 substantially.In some embodiments, set anti-
Only fuel gas flows into the safety component to container 101,127 emergency cut-off of isolating door, so that it may introduce nitrogen gas into feed space.
Using single screw mechanism used when isolating door 125 is opened in the feed arrangement of the utility model, so that it may which waste material is pushed into container 101
In so that it will be substantially without remaining obsolete material in the region between the entrance of isolating door 125 and container 101.Except inclining
Tiltedly setting feed space, being obliquely installed for feed space can help to give up so that gravity to be allowed to help outside waste material is moved into container 101
In object discharge of the aqueous or other liquid into container 101.
When receiving waste material, to help to reduce and/or preventing the toxic or nuisance for generating and/or discharging from feed space
Disinfectant can be introduced into feed space by matter by opening.In some embodiments, this opening can be hopper port, in waste
Disinfectant is received before into feed space.In other embodiments, opening can be set along a part for feed space.Introduce feed space
In disinfectant can be discharged into container 101 and be handled as waste.In further embodiments, disinfectant can by along into
Expect that the nozzle that the path of room is set introduces.
According to some embodiments, in isolating door 125 and the part led between the entrance of container 101 can be refractory material
Lining.
According to some embodiments, solid and liquid wastes are carried out at the same time processing substantially.Waste is handled simultaneously to be basic, can be incited somebody to action
Solid and liquid wastes are introduced into feed arrangement to form solid and liquid wastes homogeneous mixture by screw mechanism.Plasma
Body smelting furnace can handle the solid and liquid wastes of equal or different part.
Container 101 can be disposed vertically, and locally or partly can be constructed so as to tie up if a part removed
Shield, then other parts are positively retained at its appropriate position.In some embodiments, container 101 can be elliposoidal, or
Cylinder can also be that lower part is cylindrical chamber and top is semielliptical shape, and centre is truncated cone-shaped room with by upper chamber and lower room mistake
Cross connection.
The lower room of container 101 may include slag/metal portion and high temperature turbulent portion, and gaseous dissociation and pyrolysis can be promoted anti-
It should.Container 101 includes high heat-resisting resistant to corrosion layer, insulating layer, insulating layer and flame retardant coating successively from outside to inside.According to an implementation
Example, if the inner wall of container can be formed by dried layer refractory composition, can also made of mild steel and refractory masses every
It is made from inner wall, which may include that diamond dust or graphite brick, hydraulicity castable refractory, ceramic wafer, ceramics apply
Layer, close pressing plate and/or high heat-resisting resistant to corrosion Pyrex block.The design of the inner wall of container 101 is contemplated that following factor：How to carry
For operating flexibility, how heating time is minimized, allowing natural cooling and/or do not causing the fire resisting to container 101
In the case of the damage of insulation division and/or other parts, how to realize and at least continually heat and cool down daily.
In container can with set temperature sensor and/or pressure sensor with can to the temperature in container 101 and/or
Pressure is continuously or substantially continuously monitored to ensure negative pressure in container 101 within preset range.It can be by container
One or more monitoring mouths are set on 101 walls, so that the probe of temperature sensor and/or pressure sensor is stretched into container, with
Detection temperature and/or pressure, temperature sensor and/or pressure sensor can be connected to believe the temperature detected with control system
Breath and pressure information send control system to, and the data that control system is measured according to it control the working condition of other components, institute
State output voltage of the travelling mechanism of other components such as electrode assembly, direct voltage source etc..In container 101, predetermined range of negative pressure
Can between about -5mm water columns and about -25mm, but the selection of operating pressure with the variation of the characteristic of pending waste material and
Change.Preferably, between -5mm water columns and about -15mm water columns.
When inorganic wastes are provided be given to container 101 when, inorganic wastes vitreous or fusing can be made by heating unit, when will
When debirs offer is given to container 101, by heating unit organic waste materials can be made to gasify.Heating unit is that can convert electrical energy into
Into the device of thermal energy.The plasmatorch that these devices can be made of two electrodes (anode and cathode), the plasmatorch
It is installed in container 101 and controllable argon-arc plasma field can be generated in container 101.When being formed between the electrode with high current
During basicly stable air-flow, plasma electrode can generate controllable argon-arc plasma field.Heating unit can generate about 100kW and arrive
The plasma energy of 200kW.
The heating unit of the plasma furnace 100 of one embodiment of the utility model includes two plasma electrode groups
Part, the electrode assembly include graphite.Second plasma electrode component 103 includes at least high temperature stent and patty or convex
The electrode 1032 of arc surfaced, stent is slightly less than the circular ring shape gear 1031 of the diameter of container intracavity including diameter and diameter is approximately equal to
The diameter of electrode or chord length be used for fix patty or convex globoidal shape electrode annulus (not shown)；Circular ring shape tooth
Multiple inclined inclination connection straps, such as connection strap 1033 are evenly arranged between wheel and annulus, so forms frustum, Mei Gexiang
Between neighbour's inclination connection strap one or more circumferential connection strap (not shown) is circumferentially provided with along frustum.In this way, make branch
Frame forms big mesh shape.During making, the size of mesh is set according to the size of pending waste material, in general, the size of mesh is small
In the size of waste material.If treatment liquid waste material can be by support Design into can store liquid annular groove.
The first plasma electrode component has comb electrode, includes at least hollow connecting shaft, an electrode
Plate 1022 and the multiple electrodes column being vertically set on multiple electrodes plate.Such as 1021, the first plasma electrode component it is multiple
The free end of electrode column is generally aligned in the same plane, it is preferable that electrode plate 1022 is patty, and multiple electrodes column uniform vertical is arranged on
On electrode plate.One end of connecting shaft is fixed on electrode plate, other end connection gear 106.It can by first electrode travelling mechanism
The first plasma electrode component is controlled to move up and down in container.
First plasma electrode component 102 is mounted on container top, and in the first plasma electrode assembly operating machine
It is run up and down along the axis in the second plasma electrode component 131 under the action of structure, with the temperature in control container cavity.Deng
Plasma electrode component 102 is installed on the electrode on axis including sleeve shaft with the axis for prolonging axis, and the cavity of axis is used for through conducting wire,
The conducting wire is connected in electrode assembly section, and for providing electric energy to electrode, the electric energy is follow-up to combine by direct-current power supply
Attached drawing 5 illustrates the circuit of DC power supply.For driving the first electrode group that the first plasma electrode component is run up and down
Part travelling mechanism includes：Stent 123, Saw blade 122, patty gear 106, patty gear 104 and driving motor 105, branch
Frame 123 is fixed on the top of smelting furnace item, and center is provided with through hole and is passed through for being connected in the sleeve shaft of electrode, hangs down on the stent
Directly it is provided with Saw blade 122.Patty gear 106 is fixed in one end of the sleeve shaft of plasma electrode component 102, another
End is connected to electrode.The gear 106 is engaged with Saw blade 122.The output shaft of motor 105 is engaged with gear 104, motor 105
It works under the action of control system, when the temperature in container 101 is needed to reduce, the output shaft band moving teeth of motor 105
Wheel 104 rotates clockwise, and gear 104 rotates counterclockwise with moving gear 106, and gear 106 is moved up along Saw blade 122, from
And the first plasma electrode component is moved up, so that plasma electrode component 102 and plasma electrode component 131
Distance increase, the temperature of container 101 reduces.When the temperature in container 101 is needed to raise, the output shaft of motor 105 drives
Gear 104 rotates counterclockwise, and gear 104 is rotated clockwise with moving gear 106, and gear 106 is moved down along Saw blade 122,
So that the first plasma electrode component moves down, so that plasma electrode component 102 and plasma electrode component
131 distance reduces, the temperature rise of container 101.
Second plasma electrode component is rotatable under the action of second electrode assembly operating mechanism.Second electrode component
Travelling mechanism includes transmission gear 124, drive gear 116 and motor 17.In the side wall of container 101 it is circumferentially arranged have it is multiple
The fixed frame of L-type, such as 126, multiple L-type fixed frames are set perpendicular to the part of container inner wall perpendicular to wall is held, parallel to appearance
The end stationary annular guide rail 128 of the part of device inner wall, a L-type fixed frame are set along the circumferential uniform and sustained height of container inner wall
It puts.Axial direction along the inherent wall of a container that opening is provided with, is open parallel to container on the side wall of container 101 sets useful
In the axis of installation transmission gear, transmission gear 124 can rotate around the axis, transmission gear 124 extend part outside container with
The drive gear 116 connected on the output shaft of motor 117 engages, and the part extended in container is engaged with annulus gear 1301.
Annulus gear 1301 is arranged with the annular groove that Open Side Down or multiple slide assemblies that can be slided on guide rail 128,
During installation, by guide rail 128 be embedded in the slide assemblies under the second plasma electrode component annulus gear 1301 or annular
In groove, in this way, when motor 117 drives the rotation of its drive gear 116, transmission gear also rotates, so as to drive ring gear
Also rotate.During work, the first position of the second plasma electrode component is placed under feed inlet, the solid waste poured by feed inlet
First it is positioned over the first position of its second plasma electrode component；Second plasma electrode component is in second electrode assembly operating
When being rotated under the action of mechanism, the second position of the stent of the second plasma electrode component is placed under feed inlet, has been accepted useless
The position that feed inlet lower end is left in the first position of material is heated and gasification and/or fusing by the cushioning device in container, is so followed
Ring, the solid waste being poured into container are evenly arranged on the second plasma electrode component, will not be caused to accumulate, be made reaction more
Add abundant and quick.
It, can be to electrode by controlling the gap between the first plasma electrode component and the second plasma electrode component
Arc voltage between component is controlled, and so as to adjust the internal temperature of container 101, in an embodiment, mainly refers to first
Gap between the top of plasma electrode component and the bottom of the second plasma electrode component.Preferably, second electrode
Assembly operating mechanism makes the first plasma in at least two plasma electrodes component under the action of control system
Electrode assembly and the second plasma electrode assemblies spaced apart are with the temperature of the generation substantial constant in the container..According to
The size in the gap between arc voltage design electrode assembly.The design is contemplated that following factor：The feature of waste；Heating unit supplies
Ratio between energy needed for energy and the dissociation of completion molecule, pyrolysis, gasification and the fusion processes expectation given；It is expected what is generated
Ratio between the amount and design capacity of forming gas；And/or temperature and/or Oxygen Condition in container 101.It is applied to first etc.
Voltage between plasma electrode component and the second plasma electrode component is higher, and admissible gap is got between electrode assembly
Greatly, and operating current is lower.If it is below horizontal that voltage drops to minimum predetermined threshold, between can reducing between electrode assembly
Gap, until voltage is increased to or more than minimum predetermined threshold level.If voltage is increased to more than maximum predetermined threshold value level,
The gap between electrode assembly can then be increased, until voltage stabilization is within the scope of minimum to maximum predetermined threshold value.In 200kW work(
In the plasma furnace of rate, the gap between electrode assembly is selectable such that working voltage is approximately 200 volts.It is minimum and most
Big threshold value predetermined threshold levels may be selected to be about 160 to about 240 volts, and the gap between electrode assembly can be about 20mm
To about 150mm.Heating unit can be powered by heating system by alternating current and/or direct current, and the utility model leads to
DC power supply power supply is crossed, is subsequently illustrated with reference to attached drawing 5.
Vitreous or fusing waste from waste material can form slag, such as glassy slag, collect at 101 bottom of container
In the slag bath in portion.Slag can be discharged by one or more slag notches 120 from container 101, and the slag notch may be provided at away from appearance
At the appropriate height specified in 101 bottom of device and it may be provided at the radial position on 101 periphery of container.One or more
A slag notch is set at an angle with mounting plane, and the molten slag layer of melting can keep the air seal of approximate continuous.One or
Multiple slag notches compared with container 101 the mounting plane of the intersection of slag notch angle about can be 10 degree.It can
Alternatively, multiple slag notches can be set from mounting plane in different angles.
Slag can be drained by slag notch in slag/metal alloy collection device.Slag/metal alloy collection device can
Including drag-out slag car.Drag-out slag car can be air cooled type or water-cooling type.The slag of discharge can quench in water tank, cause discharge
Slag cures and is broken into smaller.Slag can stand leaching in the solid state.The solid slag removed from container 101 can lead to
It crosses conveyer belt or other devices that are used for transmission is transferred to hopper and recycling or remove from slag/metal alloy collection device
Fall.Slag can also be discharged into other specially appointed building machinery devices, such as by forming Building wood in the mold of sand isolation
Material.
In the situation with more than one slag notch, slag notch may be provided at the different positions of container 101
And/or at different height.Slag notch can open one every time with alternating sequence or open simultaneously substantially.It, can during slagging tap
Waste is handled in container 101 simultaneously.
Solid slag can be used for many business applications, such as road construction, aggregate, blast cleaning, glass fibre
And/or glass fibres material, solid slag can be harmless and can need not fill.In addition it can form decoration ornamental slab for paving the floor
Or it is used in combination with construction material and combines Household building material to form lightweight.Slag notch is gone out by what is be made of heat-resisting material
Slag plug is closed.When to start slag tap when, will slag tap plug manually or remotely pull out so that molten slag/metal mixture
It is exited into from container 101 in collection device.
Due to the low-oxygen environment in container 101, some metal oxides being present in waste stream can be reduced into its element
Form.Being present in the metal in waste material and metal alloy can also melt in container 101.It after a period of time, can be at slag bath bottom
Gather a metal layer in portion.Such as the special metal of iron class may be not easy the silicate reaction with containing in slag bath.Slag can be inhaled
Some metals and metal oxide are received, but if there are a large amount of metals in waste, then metal may gather.It is as described above, molten
Melting metal can be discharged together with molten slag by slag notch, and be handled.
The waste received in container 101 can undergo molecular dissociation and pyrolytic process.Pyrolysis is such process：With incinerate or
Burning is compared, and the heat-flash run in extreme low-oxygen environment makes molecular dissociation by the process.During this process, waste can lead to
Cross heating devices heat.The debirs of heating can be handled, until it is dissociated into its elemental composition, such as solid carbon (carbon
Particle) and hydrogen.If exist in waste in the form of the derivative of hydrocarbon, oxygen, nitrogen and halogen (such as chlorine)
Also can be released.After pyrolysis and/or partial oxidation, generated gas (for example, synthesis gas) may include carbon monoxide,
Hydrogen, carbon dioxide, vapor, methane and/or nitrogen.
The oxygen and chlorine of dissociation can freely be reacted with generated carbon and hydrogen, and can be re-formed various complicated and possible
Harmful organic compound.However, these compounds generally can not be formed in the elevated temperature vessel 101 of holding, at high temperature, only
The simple compounds of limited quantity is stable.When there are when chlorine or other halogens, most commonly with these stable simple chemical combination
Object is carbon monoxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and hydrogen chloride gas.
The amount of oxygen present in waste material may be not enough to all carbon conversions present in waste material into CO gas.It is useless
Moisture present in material, which can react to absorb energy from the hot environment in container 101 and form one by " steam conversion ", to be aoxidized
Carbon and hydrogen.If the oxygen or moisture of Shortcomings amount, unreacted carbon particulate can be entrained in the gas flow simultaneously in waste stream
It is set out from container 101.Therefore, it is necessary to be handled again in secondary reactor.
The synthesis gas generated in container 101 is heated at least about 1000 DEG C, includes what is be not decomposed in the forming gas
Composition, therefore, according to the utility model one embodiment, plasma smelting furnace further includes cycle subsystem, from the exhaust of container 101
The gas discharged in mouth 107 imports container again, to be decomposed again.It, will be calm according to the utility model one embodiment
To be preheated to the waste material in feed space in the guiding qi in spirality pipe that the gas that device 101 is discharged first is introduced into feed arrangement, and
It is drained into again by outlet in container 101 afterwards.According to the utility model, the waste material entered in container is pulled in bowl-shape or disk
On second plasma electrode component of shape turns, and the second plasma electrode component can be suitable under the action of motor 117
Hour hands or counterclockwise rotation, the second plasma electrode component are filled during being rotated with solid waste by the heating in container
It puts heating and decomposes or melt, slag falls into container bottom by the gap on the second plasma electrode assembly support.So
Structure prevents waste material to be accumulated in container bottom, and so as to improve the efficiency of heating surface, the speed for handling waste product greatly improves.
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of DC power supply provided by the utility model, as shown in figure 5, according to one reality of the utility model
Example is applied, the DC power supply is used to provide direct current energy to the first plasma electrode component and the second plasma electrode component, this
The DC power supply that utility model provides, which includes B, N grades of DC voltage units of transformer and power-supply controller of electric, the transformer, to be included
One primary coil and N number of secondary coil, adjacent power unit are cascaded by afterflow coil, and the N is more than or equal to 4
The alternating voltage of the 400Hz of 115V/220V is transformed into required alternating voltage by integer, the transformer.N number of DC voltage
The composition of unit is identical, and each power supply unit includes first coil (such as L1, L2 ..., LN) of transformer secondary output, a rectification
Device (such as D11, D21 ... DN1), fly-wheel diode (as (D12, D22 ..., DN2), electronic switch (such as T1,
T2 ..., TN) and driving stage (DR1, DR2 ..., DRN), electronic switch is IGBT pipes, and the anode of the rectifier is connected to
The first end of the coil of transformer secondary output, the cathode of rectifier are connected to the cathode of fly-wheel diode；The anode of sustained diode
The collector component of IGBT pipes is connected to, the emitter of IGBT pipes is connected to the second end of the coil of transformer secondary output, IGBT pipes
Grid be connected to driving stage, the control signal of the power-supply controller of electric received by driving stage according to photoisolator controls IGBT
The break-make of pipe.IGBT pipes work on off state, when the grid of IGBT inputs a high potential, the conducting of IGBT pipes, coil
Second end is equivalent to the anode for being connected to fly-wheel diode.The ac voltage rectifier conversion dc voltage that rectifier exports coil.
The voltage at fly-wheel diode both ends is that upper end is just, lower end is negative.When the grid of IGBT pipes inputs a low potential, IGBT
Pipe ends.The voltage at fly-wheel diode both ends is diode junction voltage.Driver through photoisolator (such as IN1, IN2 ...,
INN) it is connected with power-supply controller of electric.
It is connected between 1st power supply unit and the 2nd power supply list with afterflow coil L12, i.e., afterflow coil L12 is connected to
Between the cathode of sustained diode 1 and the anode of sustained diode 2；Between 2nd power supply unit and the 3rd power supply unit
It is connected with afterflow coil L23, and so on, it is connected between the N-1 power supply unit and n-th power supply unit with afterflow coil
It connects.In this way, in the case that if the electronic switch of each power supply unit simultaneously turns on, the total output total voltage of DC power supply is
VAlwaysThe sum of voltage for each direct voltage output.In plasma smelting furnace, make the positive output end of DC power supply by conducting wire through
The axially extending bore of one plasma electrode component is connected to electrode, and the ground terminal of DC power supply is made to be connected to transmission gear 124
In rotation axis, and the stent of transmission gear and the second plasma electrode component 103 is prepared by conductive metallic material, so can structure
Into complete circuit.
In plasma melting furnace igniting, the electric switch in N number of DC voltage unit is both turned on to the first plasma electrode
Component and the second plasma electrode component provide higher voltage, in the success of plasma melting furnace igniting, formed in container etc. from
After subfield, the state of the switch of each DC voltage unit of power controller controls such as controls at the temperature in the container of in vitro smelting furnace
Degree.Preferably, working condition of the power-supply controller of electric through driver control electronic switch.Preferably, power-supply controller of electric through photoelectricity every
Driver is connected to from device.Preferably, the DC power supply of plasma smelting furnace further includes voltage sample circuit, the voltage sampling electricity
Routing resistance R1 and resistance R2 be in series and be connected to it is N number of by switch series connection DC voltage unit form total voltage source
Between output terminal and ground, the node being connected from resistance R1 with resistance R2 takes out sampling voltage, and gives power-supply controller of electric；It is preferred that
Ground, the DC power supply of plasma smelting furnace, which further includes current sampling circuit R3, the current sampling circuit R3 and is connected in series to N, to be passed through
Switch series connection DC voltage unit composition total voltage source circuit in, with sampling flow through the first plasma electrode component and
The current value of second plasma electrode component.Preferably, power-supply controller of electric is according to current sampling circuit and voltage sample circuit institute
The working condition of electric switch in the N number of DC voltage unit connected by electric switch of electric current and voltage value control of offer.Directly
Galvanic electricity source further includes capacitance C1, is connected between total power output end and ground to filter.
According to the utility model one embodiment, it is at least provided with temperature sensor, control in plasma container 101
System is according to the information coordination electrode assembly operating mechanism that temperature sensor provides to control the first plasma electrode component and the
The interval of two plasma electrode components, so as to the temperature in control container, when cannot be right again by electrode assembly travelling mechanism
When interval between electrode assembly is adjusted, by controlling N number of DC voltage connected by electric switch with power-supply controller of electric
The working condition of electric switch in unit is supplied to the voltage of two electrode assemblies, and then the temperature in control container with control,
Since the utility model is provided with adjustable DC power supply, the temperature range in plasma furnace vessel is expanded, further
The needs of the waste material to handling different characteristics are adapted to.
It should be noted that " one embodiment " referred to herein, " embodiment " or " one or more implementation
Example " is it is meant that the special characteristic, structure or the characteristic that describe are included at least one implementation of the utility model in conjunction with the embodiments
In example.Further, it is noted that word example " in one embodiment " is not necessarily all referring to same embodiment here.
The utility model is limited it should be noted that above-described embodiment illustrates rather than the utility model,
And those skilled in the art can design alternative embodiment without departing from the scope of the appended claims.In right
In it is required that, any reference symbol between bracket should not be configured to limitations on claims.Word "comprising" is not arranged
Except there are element or steps not listed in the claims.Word "a" or "an" before element does not exclude the presence of more
A such element.The utility model can be by means of including the hardware of several different elements and by means of properly programmed
Computer is realized.The use of word first, second, and third does not indicate that any order, merely to difference.
Furthermore, it should also be noted that the language used in this specification primarily to readable and introduction purpose and select
It is selecting rather than selected to explain or limit the theme of the utility model.Therefore, without departing from appended claims
In the case of the scope and spirit of book, for those skilled in the art many modifications and changes be all it is aobvious and
It is clear to.For the scope of the utility model, the disclosure done to the utility model is illustrative and not restrictive, sheet
Protection domain required by utility model is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of plasma smelting furnace, including：
Container, the container have the cavity for receiving waste material, and the side wall of the container is provided with feed inlet；
At least two plasma electrode components, wherein the first plasma electrode component is mounted on container top, and first
It can be moved up and down under the action of electrode assembly travelling mechanism in the cavity inside container, the second plasma electrode component is set
It puts in the cavity of container and under the first plasma electrode component, which is characterized in that the first plasma electrode group
Electrode in part is pectination, and the second plasma electrode component is rotation electrode component, and positioned at the lower section of feed inlet.
2. plasma smelting furnace according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first plasma electrode component along the second grade from
The axis of daughter electrode assembly is run up and down, with the temperature in control container cavity.
3. plasma smelting furnace according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the second plasma electrode component is in second electrode
It can be rotated under the action of assembly operating mechanism around the axis of the first plasma electrode component, so that being poured into container
Waste material is uniformly distributed on the second plasma electrode component.
4. plasma smelting furnace according to claim 3, which is characterized in that further include cycle subsystem, the cycling subsystem
System for importing container again by the gas discharged from container, to be decomposed again to undecomposed complete toxic gas.
5. plasma smelting furnace according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the second electrode assembly operating mechanism is controlling
Make under the action of system the first plasma electrode component in at least two plasma electrodes component and the second grade from
Daughter electrode assembly is spaced apart to generate the temperature of substantial constant in the container.
6. plasma smelting furnace according to claim 5, which is characterized in that container at least includes high heat-resisting successively from inside to outside
Resistant to corrosion layer, insulating layer, insulating layer and flame retardant coating.
7. plasma smelting furnace according to claim 6, which is characterized in that plasma electrode component includes graphite.
8. plasma smelting furnace according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the second plasma electrode component includes at least resistance to
The electrode of high temperature stent and patty or convex globoidal shape, stent include diameter be slightly less than container intracavity diameter circular ring shape gear and
Diameter be approximately equal to electrode diameter or chord length and for fix patty or convex globoidal shape electrode annulus；Circular ring shape gear and
Multiple inclined inclination connection straps are evenly arranged between annulus, so form frustum, edge between each adjacent inclined connection strap
Frustum is circumferentially provided with one or more circumferential connection strap.
9. plasma smelting furnace according to claim 8, which is characterized in that at least further include slide, the slide passes through solid
Part is determined along the circumferentially disposed of container inner wall.
10. according to any plasma smelting furnaces of claim 1-9, which is characterized in that second electrode assembly operating mechanism drives
Dynamic second plasma electrode component is rotated along slide.
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| CN201721226896.0U CN207455597U (en) | 2017-09-21 | 2017-09-21 | Plasma smelting furnace |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112628754A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-09 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Waste gasification melting treatment system and waste gasification melting treatment method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112628754A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-09 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Waste gasification melting treatment system and waste gasification melting treatment method |
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