CN107477593A - Plasma smelting furnace - Google Patents
Plasma smelting furnace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107477593A CN107477593A CN201710856862.8A CN201710856862A CN107477593A CN 107477593 A CN107477593 A CN 107477593A CN 201710856862 A CN201710856862 A CN 201710856862A CN 107477593 A CN107477593 A CN 107477593A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- container
- plasma
- electrode
- electrode component
- smelting furnace
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
- F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
- F23G2204/201—Plasma
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of plasma smelting furnace, including：Container, the container have the cavity for receiving waste material, and the side wall of container is provided with charging aperture；At least two plasma electrode components, wherein the first plasma electrode component is arranged on container top, and it can be moved up and down in the presence of first electrode assembly operating mechanism in the cavity inside container, second plasma electrode component is arranged in container cavity and under the first plasma electrode component, it is characterized in that, electrode in first plasma electrode component is pectination, and the second plasma electrode component is rotation electrode component, positioned at the lower section of charging aperture.Plasma melting stove heat efficiency high provided by the invention, handle the speed of waste product.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plasma smelting furnace, in particular, is related to the controllable heat damage of dangerous and non-hazardous material.
Background technology
In the past, it is that waste material is placed in landfill yard by waste disposal method.When the consequence of landfill disposal is a bit harmful poisonous
Material slowly discharges into empty gas and water and soil, therefore, causes the pollution of environment, to solve this problem, in the prior art
Using incineration process, but incineration process is limited, and e.g., some waste materials are uneven, and this prevents incinerator from keeping
Sufficiently high steady temperature to handle all organic and inorganic substances in waste product completely, in low-temperature circulating, produces incomplete
The product (pollutant) of burning and the organic substance (such as dioxin, furans and greenhouse gases) of potential danger, and finally discharge
Into air.In high temperature circulation, the release increase of particle, nitrogen oxide and metal oxide, including a kind of known carcinogenic substance：
Cr VI.In order to solve the above technical problems, in the prior art using plasma gasification to inorganic and/or organic solid waste,
Semisolid waste and/or liquid wastes are handled, and gasification furnace of the prior art will typically by the charging aperture of gasification furnace
Pending waste product is transported in burner hearth, and the waste product heating and gasifying formation gas for being sent to furnace is then treated by plasma torch
Body, then reprocesses to form available gas and recycled or formed innocuous gas to caused gas and is discharged into sky again
In.But when waste product is transported in burner hearth in the prior art, waste product has carried out stack, so causes the efficiency of heating surface low.
The content of the invention
To overcome technical problem present in prior art, goal of the invention of the invention is to provide a kind of plasma smelting furnace,
Its efficiency of heating surface is high, handles the speed of waste product.
To realize the goal of the invention, the present invention provides a kind of plasma smelting furnace, including：Container, the container, which has, to be connect
The cavity of waste material is received, the side wall of the container is provided with charging aperture；At least two plasma electrode components, wherein the first grade from
Daughter electrode assemblie is arranged on container top, and can be in the sky inside container in the presence of first electrode assembly operating mechanism
Moved up and down in chamber, the second plasma electrode component is arranged in the cavity of container and is located at the first plasma electrode component
Under, it is characterised in that the electrode in the first plasma electrode component is pectination, and the second plasma electrode component is rotation
Electrode assemblie, and positioned at the lower section of charging aperture.
Preferably, axis of the first plasma electrode component along the second plasma electrode component is run up and down, with control
Temperature in container cavity.
Preferably, the second plasma electrode component can be around first in the presence of second electrode assembly operating mechanism
The axis rotation of plasma electrode component, so that the waste material being poured into container is uniformly distributed in the second plasma electrode
On component.
Preferably, plasma smelting furnace also includes cycle subsystem, and the cycle subsystem is used to discharge from container
Gas imports container again, to be decomposed again to undecomposed complete toxic gas.
Preferably, the second electrode assembly operating mechanism makes at least two plasma in the presence of control system
The first plasma electrode component and the second plasma electrode assemblies spaced apart in body electrode assemblie is with the container
Produce the temperature of substantial constant.
Preferably, container at least includes high heat-resisting resistant to corrosion layer, insulating barrier, heat-insulation layer and flame retardant coating successively from inside to outside.
Preferably, plasma electrode component includes graphite.
Preferably, the second plasma electrode component comprises at least high temperature stent and the electricity of patty or convex globoidal shape
Pole, support is slightly less than the annular gear of container intracavity diameter including diameter and diameter is approximately equal to the diameter of electrode or chord length is used in combination
In fixed patty or the annulus of the electrode of convex globoidal shape；It is evenly arranged with and multiple inclined inclines between annular gear and annulus
Oblique connection strap, so forms frustum, between each adjacent inclined connection strap along frustum to be circumferentially provided with one or more circumferential
Connection strap.
Preferably, slide rail is at least also included, the slide rail is by fixture along the circumferentially disposed of container inner wall.
Preferably, second electrode assembly operating mechanism drives the second plasma electrode component to be rotated along slide rail.
Compared with prior art, plasma smelting furnace provided by the invention, its efficiency of heating surface are high, handle the speed of waste product compared with
It hurry up.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the longitudinal cross-section schematic diagram of plasma smelting furnace provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of rotation waste material support provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is the upward view of the first plasma electrode component provided by the invention；
Fig. 4 is the upward view of the second plasma electrode component provided by the invention.
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of DC current provided by the invention.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with same or like function.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, and illustrated embodiment is only used for explaining the present invention, and can not be construed to the limit to the present invention
System.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, singulative " one " used herein, " one
It is individual ", " described " and "the" may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that what is used in the specification of the present invention arranges
Diction " comprising " refer to the feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component be present, but it is not excluded that in the presence of or addition
One or more other features, integer, step, operation, element, component and/or combinations thereofs.It should be understood that when we claim
When element is "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to other elements, or there may also be intermediary element.Here
The wording "and/or" used includes whole or any cell and all combinations of one or more associated list items.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that all terms used herein, and (including technical term and section are academic
Language), there is the general understanding identical meaning with the those of ordinary skill in art of the present invention.It should also be understood that
Term used in present specification, it should be understood that there is the meaning consistent with prior art, unless in present specification quilt
Specific definitions, otherwise it will not be explained with the implication of extramalization.
Fig. 1 is the longitudinal cross-section schematic diagram of plasma smelting furnace provided by the invention；Fig. 2 is rotation waste material provided by the invention
The structural representation of support；Fig. 3 is the upward view of the first plasma electrode component provided by the invention；Fig. 4 is offer of the present invention
The second plasma electrode component upward view.As Figure 1-4, plasma furnace according to an embodiment of the invention
100 include：The container 101 being arranged on support frame 119, the container have the cavity for receiving waste material, the side wall of the container
Charging aperture is provided with, the charging aperture connects feed arrangement, is fed by feed arrangement.The discharge gate and container of the feed arrangement
Telescopic isolating door 125 is provided between 101 charging aperture, it is necessary to when feeding, control system make motor work with drive every
Opened from door 125, if need not feed, control system makes motor work drive isolating door 125 to close charging aperture.
Feed arrangement includes the feed space set with angle of inclination.In certain embodiments, this angle of inclination is and installation
The angle of plane, and changes between horizontal about 15 degree by about 0 degree.In other embodiments, the angle of inclination can be more than
15 degree.It is under gravity, be supplied and discharge from useless into container 101 from feed space to be obliquely installed feed arrangement
Thing bag is extruded or the waste and liquid (such as water) of leakage.According to one embodiment of the invention, the feed arrangement includes charging
Bucket 110 and mounting plane are in 0 degree to 15 degree of cylindrical shape feed space and are arranged in feed space and extend along the axis of feed space
Transport axle 113, circumferentially being spiraled along transport axle, it is single screw mechanism used so as to be formed to be provided with fin 112, and the transport axle is by motor
Driving rotation, spirals along the circumference of cylindrical shape feed space and is provided with airway tube 109, one end and the container 101 of the airway tube
Steam vent connects, and the other end is communicated in container intracavity or is communicated in downstream again has a surplus heat boiler, the steam vent of container and leads
Circulation air pump can be set in the connected path of tracheae 109.Spiraled along the circumference of cylindrical shape feed space the shape of airway tube 109 of setting
Into cylinder, heat-preservation cylinder 108 is provided with the periphery of the cylinder formed by airway tube or insulation material twines the heat-insulation layer covered
To prevent the heat of airway tube from distributing as far as possible.The wall and airway tube of cylindrical shape feed space are prepared by Heat Conduction Material, the heat conduction
Material is, for example, metal material.Motor can drive transport axle 113 to rotate according to the control signal of control system.Cylindrical shape feed space
Side wall on be provided with upwards open charging aperture, the charging aperture is connected to feed hopper 110, set between charging aperture and feed hopper
Isolating door 127 is equipped with, a motor controls the isolating door operation so that charging aperture closes closing and opening according to the instruction of control system
Open.According to one embodiment, plasma smelting furnace also includes plenum chamber 300, and an air inlet of the plenum chamber 300 is communicated in appearance
The exhaust outlet 107 of device 101, another air inlet of the plenum chamber can be communicated in extraneous gas source channels；The exhaust of plenum chamber 300
Mouth is communicated in airway tube 109 through control valve 129, and gas content sensor (not shown), container discharge can be set in plenum chamber
Gas be first stored in plenum chamber 300, using gas analyzer analysis plenum chamber in gas ingredients, when in plenum chamber 300
During the content overproof of pernicious gas, control system control control valve 129, make the exhaust outlet of plenum chamber 300 and the air inlet of conduit 109
End connection, the exhaust outlet of airway tube are communicated in container, gas is again passed by decomposition；When the pernicious gas in plenum chamber 300
When content is less than standard, control system control control valve 129, the exhaust outlet of plenum chamber is set to be connected with the inlet end of waste heat boiler,
Heat exchange is carried out using waste heat and industry water.
In certain embodiments, feed arrangement can provide waste material, such as solid waste, pollution by polychlorinated biphenyles to container 101
Thing, refinery's waste, office waste, cafeteria's waste, plant maintenance waste are (for example, wooden bracket, the luminaire scrapped
Tool, plant waste, wastewater sludge), pharmaceutical wastes, clinical waste, flying dust and bottom ash, industry and laboratory solvent, organic and nothing
Chemical machine product, insecticide, organic chloride, thermal cell, refuse battery and the military waste including weapon component.Plasma
Body smelting furnace includes multiple contractile isolating doors.Isolating door 127 can be set adjacent to feed hopper to allow to be fed into solid waste
Expect to supply waste material in the feed space of device.Isolating door 125 sets adjacent to container 101 and can allow to supply into container 101 and gives up
Material.After the closing of isolating door 127, nitrogen can be used to pressurize feed space to be obviously reduced and/or prevent air from entering to accommodate
In the container 101 of waste material, and flammable forming gas is prevented to be flowed into container 101 substantially.In certain embodiments, set anti-
Only fuel gas flows into the safety component to container 101, the emergency cut-off of isolating door 127, so that it may introduce nitrogen gas into feed space.
Using single screw mechanism used when isolating door 125 is opened in the feed arrangement of the present invention, so that it may waste material is pushed into container 101,
So that will be substantially without remaining obsolete material in the region between the entrance of isolating door 125 and container 101.Set except tilting
Feed space is put to allow gravity to help outside waste material is moved into container 101, being obliquely installed for feed space can help in waste
Discharge of the aqueous or other liquid into container 101.
When receiving waste material, to help to reduce and/or preventing the poisonous or nuisance for producing and/or discharging from feed space
Matter, disinfectant can be introduced into feed space by opening.In certain embodiments, this opening can be hopper port, and it is in waste
Disinfectant is received before into feed space.In other embodiments, opening can be set along a part for feed space.Introduce feed space
In disinfectant can be discharged into container 101 and be handled as waste.In further embodiments, disinfectant can be entered by edge
Expect that the nozzle that the path of room is set introduces.
According to some embodiments, in isolating door 125 and the part led between the entrance of container 101 can be refractory material
Lining.
According to some embodiments, solid and liquid wastes are handled simultaneously substantially.Waste is handled simultaneously to be basic, can be incited somebody to action
Solid and liquid wastes are introduced into feed arrangement to form solid and liquid wastes homogeneous mixture by screw mechanism.Plasma
Body smelting furnace can handle the solid and liquid wastes of equal or different part.
Container 101 can be disposed vertically, and locally or partly can be constructed so as to be tieed up if a part removed
Shield, then other parts are positively retained at its appropriate position.In certain embodiments, container 101 can be elliposoidal, or
Cylinder, can also be that bottom is cylindrical chamber and top is semielliptical shape, centre is truncated cone-shaped room with by upper chamber and lower room mistake
Cross connection.
The lower room of container 101 may include slag/metal portion and high temperature turbulent portion, and it can promote gaseous dissociation and pyrolysis anti-
Should.Container 101 includes high heat-resisting resistant to corrosion layer, insulating barrier, heat-insulation layer and flame retardant coating successively from outside to inside.According to an implementation
Example, if the inwall of container can be formed by dried layer refractory composition, can also made of mild steel and refractory masses every
It is made from inwall, the refractory masses may include that diamond dust or graphite brick, hydraulicity castable refractory, ceramic wafer, ceramics apply
Layer, close pressing plate and/or high heat-resisting resistant to corrosion Pyrex block.The design of the inwall of container 101 is contemplated that following factor：How to carry
For operating flexibility, how the heat time is minimized, allowing natural cooling and/or do not causing the fire resisting to container 101
In the case of the infringement of insulation division and/or other parts, how to realize and at least continually heat and cool down daily.
Can be set in container temperature sensor and/or pressure sensor with can to the temperature in container 101 and/or
Pressure is continuously or substantially continuously monitored to ensure the negative pressure in container 101 within preset range.Can be by container
One or more monitoring mouths are set on 101 walls, so that the probe of temperature sensor and/or pressure sensor is stretched into container, with
Detection temperature and/or pressure, temperature sensor and/or pressure sensor can be connected with control system so that the temperature detected to be believed
Breath and pressure information send control system to, and the data that control system measures according to it control the working condition of other parts, institute
State output voltage of the travelling mechanism of other parts such as electrode assemblie, direct voltage source etc..In container 101, predetermined range of negative pressure
Can between about -5mm water columns and about -25mm, but the selection of operating pressure with the change of the characteristic of pending waste material and
Change.Preferably, between -5mm water columns and about -15mm water columns.
When inorganic wastes are provided be given to container 101 when, inorganic wastes vitreous or fusing can be made by heater, when will
When debirs offer is given to container 101, by heater organic waste materials can be made to gasify.Heater is to convert electrical energy into
Into the device of heat energy.The plasmatorch that these devices can be made up of two electrodes (anode and negative electrode), the plasmatorch
It is installed in container 101 and controllable argon-arc plasma field can be produced in container 101.When being formed between the electrode with high current
During basicly stable air-flow, plasma electrode can produce controllable argon-arc plasma field.Heater can produce about 100kW and arrive
200kW plasma energy.
The heater of the plasma furnace 100 of one embodiment of the invention includes two plasma electrode components, institute
Stating electrode assemblie includes graphite.Second plasma electrode component 103 comprises at least high temperature stent and patty or convex globoidal
The electrode 1032 of shape, support is slightly less than the annular gear 1031 of the diameter of container intracavity including diameter and diameter is approximately equal to electrode
Diameter or chord length be used for fix patty or convex globoidal shape electrode annulus (not shown)；Annular gear and
Multiple inclined inclination connection straps, such as connection strap 1033 are evenly arranged between annulus, so forms frustum, it is each adjacent to incline
Between oblique connection strap one or more circumferential connection strap (not shown) is circumferentially provided with along frustum.In this way, make support shape
Into big mesh shape.During making, the size of mesh is set according to the size of pending waste material, generally, the size of mesh, which is less than, gives up
The size of material.If treatment liquid waste material can be by support Design into can deposit liquid annular groove.
The first plasma electrode component has comb electrode, and it comprises at least hollow connecting shaft, an electrode
Plate 1022 and the multiple electrodes post being vertically set on multiple electrodes plate.Such as 1021, the first plasma electrode component it is multiple
The free end of electrode column is generally aligned in the same plane, it is preferable that battery lead plate 1022 is patty, and multiple electrodes post uniform vertical is arranged on
On battery lead plate.One end of connecting shaft is fixed on battery lead plate, other end connection gear 106.Can by first electrode travelling mechanism
The first plasma electrode component is controlled to be moved up and down in container.
First plasma electrode component 102 is arranged on container top, and in the first plasma electrode assembly operating machine
Run up and down along the axis in the second plasma electrode component 131 in the presence of structure, with the temperature in control container cavity.Deng
Gas ions electrode assemblie 102 is installed on the electrode on axle including sleeve shaft with the axis for prolonging axle, and the cavity of axle is used for through wire,
The wire is connected in electrode assemblie section, and for providing electric energy to electrode, the electric energy is follow-up to combine by direct-current power supply
Accompanying drawing 5 illustrates the circuit of dc source.For the first electrode group for driving the first plasma electrode component to run up and down
Part travelling mechanism includes：Support 123, Saw blade 122, patty gear 106, patty gear 104 and motor 105, branch
Frame 123 is fixed on the top of smelting furnace item, and its center is provided with through hole and passed through for being connected in the sleeve shaft of electrode, is hung down on the support
Directly it is provided with Saw blade 122.Patty gear 106 is fixed in one end of the sleeve shaft of plasma electrode component 102, another
End is connected to electrode.The gear 106 engages with Saw blade 122.The output shaft of motor 105 engages with gear 104, motor 105
It is operated in the presence of control system, when needing the temperature in container 101 to reduce, the output shaft band moving teeth of motor 105
Wheel 104 turns clockwise, and gear 104 moves up with the rotate counterclockwise of moving gear 106, gear 106 along Saw blade 122, from
And the first plasma electrode component is moved up, so that plasma electrode component 102 and plasma electrode component 131
Distance increase, the temperature of container 101 reduces.When needing the temperature in container 101 to raise, the output shaft of motor 105 drives
The rotate counterclockwise of gear 104, gear 104 turn clockwise with moving gear 106, and gear 106 moves down along Saw blade 122,
So that the first plasma electrode component moves down, so that plasma electrode component 102 and plasma electrode component
131 distance reduces, the temperature rise of container 101.
Second plasma electrode component is rotatable in the presence of second electrode assembly operating mechanism.Second electrode component
Travelling mechanism includes travelling gear 124, drive gear 116 and motor 17.It is circumferentially provided with the side wall interior edge of container 101 multiple
The fixed mount of L-type, such as 126, multiple L-type fixed mounts are set perpendicular to the part of container inner wall perpendicular to wall is held, parallel to appearance
The end stationary annular guide rail 128 of the part of device inwall, individual L-type fixed mount are set along the circumferential uniform and sustained height of container inner wall
Put.Along to opening is provided with the side wall of container 101, parallel to the axially arranged useful of container on the inherent wall of a container that is open
In the axle of installation travelling gear, travelling gear 124 can rotate around the axle, travelling gear 124 extend part outside container with
The drive gear 116 connected on the output shaft of motor 117 is engaged, and the part extended in container is engaged with annulus gear 1301.
Annulus gear 1301 is arranged with the annular groove that Open Side Down or multiple slide assemblies that can be slided on guide rail 128,
During installation, by guide rail 128 be embedded in the slide assemblies under the second plasma electrode component annulus gear 1301 or annular
In groove, in this way, when motor 117 drives the rotation of its drive gear 116, travelling gear also rotates, so as to drive ring gear
Also rotate.During work, the first position of the second plasma electrode component is placed under charging aperture, the solid waste poured into by charging aperture
First it is positioned over the first position of its second plasma electrode component；Second plasma electrode component is in second electrode assembly operating
When being rotated in the presence of mechanism, the second place of the support of the second plasma electrode component is placed under charging aperture, has been accepted useless
The position that charging aperture lower end is left in the first position of material is heated and gasification and/or fusing by the cushioning device in container, is so followed
Ring, the solid waste being poured into container are evenly arranged on the second plasma electrode component, will not be caused to accumulate, be made reaction more
Add abundant and quick.
, can be to electrode by controlling the gap between the first plasma electrode component and the second plasma electrode component
Arc voltage between component is controlled, and so as to adjust the internal temperature of container 101, in an embodiment, mainly refers to first
Gap between the top of plasma electrode component and the bottom of the second plasma electrode component.Preferably, second electrode
Assembly operating mechanism makes the first plasma at least two plasma electrodes component in the presence of control system
Electrode assemblie and the second plasma electrode assemblies spaced apart are with the temperature of the generation substantial constant in the container..According to
The size in the gap between arc voltage design electrode assemblie.The design is contemplated that following factor：The feature of waste；Heater supplies
Ratio between energy needed for energy and the dissociation of completion molecule, pyrolysis, gasification and the fusion processes expectation given；Caused by it is expected
Ratio between the amount and design capacity of forming gas；And/or temperature and/or Oxygen Condition in container 101.Put on first etc.
Voltage between gas ions electrode assemblie and the second plasma electrode component is higher, and admissible gap is got between electrode assemblie
Greatly, and operating current is lower.If it is below horizontal that voltage drops to minimum predetermined threshold, between can reducing between electrode assemblie
Gap, until voltage is increased to or more than minimum predetermined threshold level.If voltage is increased to more than maximum predetermined threshold value level,
The gap between electrode assemblie can then be increased, until voltage stabilization is within the scope of minimum to maximum predetermined threshold value.In 200kW work(
In the plasma furnace of rate, the gap between electrode assemblie is selectable such that working voltage is approximately 200 volts.It is minimum and most
Big threshold value predetermined threshold levels may be selected to be about 160 to about 240 volts, and the gap between electrode assemblie can be about 20mm
To about 150mm.Heater can be powered by heating system by alternating current and/or direct current, and the present invention is by straight
Power supply power supply is flowed, is subsequently illustrated with reference to accompanying drawing 5.
Vitreous or fusing waste from waste material can form slag, such as glassy slag, and it is collected at the bottom of container 101
In the slag bath in portion.Slag can be discharged by one or more slag notches 120 from container 101, and the slag notch may be provided at away from appearance
At the appropriate height specified in the bottom of device 101 and it may be provided at the radial position on the periphery of container 101.One or more
Individual slag notch is set at an angle with mounting plane, and the molten slag layer of melting can keep the air seal of approximate continuous.One or
Multiple slag notches relative to container 101 the mounting plane of the intersection of slag notch angle about can be 10 degree.Can
Alternatively, multiple slag notches can be set from mounting plane in different angles.
Slag can be drained into by slag notch in slag/metal alloy collection device.Slag/metal alloy collection device can
Including drag-out slag car.Drag-out slag car can be that air cooled type can also be water-cooling type.The slag of discharge can quench in water tank, cause discharge
Slag solidifies and is broken into less.Slag can stand leaching in the solid state.The solid slag removed from container 101 can lead to
Cross conveyer belt or other transmitting devices that are used for are transferred to hopper and recycling or remove from slag/metal alloy collection device
Fall.Slag can also be discharged into other specially appointed building machinery devices, such as by forming Building wood in the mould of sand isolation
Material.
In the situation with more than one slag notch, slag notch may be provided at the different opening positions around container 101
And/or at different height.Slag notch can open one every time with alternating sequence, or open simultaneously substantially., can during slagging tap
Waste is handled in container 101 simultaneously.
Solid slag can be used for many business applications, such as road construction, aggregate, blast cleaning, glass fibre
And/or glass fibres material, solid slag can be harmless and need not can fill.In addition it can form decoration ornamental slab for paving the floor
Or it is used in combination with construction material and combines Household building material to form lightweight.Slag notch is gone out by what is be made up of exotic material
Slag plug is closed.When to start slag tap when, will slag tap plug manually or remotely pull out so that molten slag/metal mixture
Exited into from container 101 in collection device.
Due to the low-oxygen environment in container 101, some metal oxides being present in waste stream are reducible into its element
Form.Being present in the metal in waste material and metal alloy can also melt in container 101.After a period of time, can be at slag bath bottom
Gather a metal level in portion.Such as the special metal of iron class may be not easy the silicate reaction with containing in slag bath.Slag can be inhaled
Some metals and metal oxide are received, but if a large amount of metals in waste be present, then metal may gather.It is as described above, molten
Melting metal can be discharged together with molten slag by slag notch, and be handled.
The waste received in container 101 can undergo molecular dissociation and pyrolytic process.Pyrolysis is such process：With incinerate or
Burning is compared, and the heat-flash run in extreme low-oxygen environment makes molecular dissociation by the process.During this process, waste can lead to
Cross heating devices heat.The debirs of heating can be handled, until it is dissociated into its elemental composition, such as solid carbon (carbon
Particulate) and hydrogen.If exist in waste in the form of the derivative of hydrocarbon, oxygen, nitrogen and halogen (such as chlorine)
Also can be released.After pyrolysis and/or partial oxidation, caused gas (for example, synthesis gas) may include carbon monoxide,
Hydrogen, carbon dioxide, vapor, methane and/or nitrogen.
The oxygen and chlorine of dissociation freely can react with caused carbon and hydrogen, and can re-form various complicated and possible
Harmful organic compound.However, these compounds generally can not be formed in the elevated temperature vessel 101 of holding, at high temperature, only
The simple compounds of limited quantity is stable.When chlorine or other halogens be present, most commonly with these stable simple chemical combination
Thing is carbon monoxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and hydrogen chloride gas.
The amount of oxygen present in waste material may be not enough to all carbon conversions present in waste material into CO gas.It is useless
Moisture present in material can react to absorb energy from the hot environment in container 101 and form one by " steam conversion " to be aoxidized
Carbon and hydrogen.If the oxygen or moisture of Shortcomings amount, unreacted carbon particulate can be entrained in the gas flow simultaneously in waste stream
Set out from container 101.Therefore, it is necessary to be handled again in secondary reactor.
Caused synthesis gas is heated at least about 1000 DEG C in container 101, includes what is be not decomposed in the forming gas
Composition, therefore, according to one embodiment of the invention, plasma smelting furnace also includes cycle subsystem, from the exhaust outlet of container 101
The gas discharged in 107 imports container again, to be decomposed again., will be from the row of container 101 according to one embodiment of the invention
To be preheated to the waste material in feed space in the guiding qi in spirality pipe that the gas gone out is first introduced into feed arrangement, then again by arranging
Outlet is drained into container 101.According to the present invention, the waste material entered in container be pulled in bowl-shape or plate-like the second grade from
On daughter electrode assemblie turns, and the second plasma electrode component can be clockwise or counterclockwise in the presence of motor 117
Rotation, the second plasma electrode component are decomposed during being rotated with solid waste by the heating devices heat in container
Or fusing, slag fall into container bottom by the space on the second plasma electrode assembly support.Such structure prevents useless
Material is accumulated in container bottom, and so as to improve the efficiency of heating surface, the speed for handling waste product greatly improves.
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of dc source provided by the invention, as shown in figure 5, according to one embodiment of the invention, it is described
Dc source is used to provide direct current energy to the first plasma electrode component and the second plasma electrode component, provided by the invention
Dc source includes transformer B, N level DC voltage unit and power-supply controller of electric, and the transformer includes a primary coil and N
Individual secondary coil, adjacent power unit are cascaded by afterflow coil, and the N is integer more than or equal to 4, the transformer
115V/220V 400Hz alternating voltage is transformed into required alternating voltage.The composition of N number of DC voltage unit is identical,
Each power subsystem include first coil (such as L1, L2 ..., LN) of transformer secondary output, rectifier (such as D11, D21 ...
DN1), fly-wheel diode is (as (D12, D22 ..., DN2), electronic switch (such as T1, T2 ..., TN) and one drive
Level (DR1, DR2 ..., DRN), electronic switch are IGBT pipes, and the positive pole of the rectifier is connected to the coil of transformer secondary output
First end, the negative pole of rectifier are connected to the negative pole of fly-wheel diode；The positive pole of sustained diode is connected to the current collection of IGBT pipes
Pole component, the emitter stage of IGBT pipes are connected to the second end of the coil of transformer secondary output, and the grid of IGBT pipes is connected to driving stage,
The break-make of the control signal control IGBT pipes of the power-supply controller of electric received by driving stage according to photoisolator.IGBT pipes work in
On off state, when IGBT grid inputs a high potential, the conducting of IGBT pipes, the second end of coil is equivalent to being connected to afterflow two
The positive pole of pole pipe.The ac voltage rectifier conversion dc voltage that rectifier exports coil.The voltage at fly-wheel diode both ends is,
Upper end is just, lower end is negative.When the grid of IGBT pipes inputs a low potential, the cut-off of IGBT pipes.Fly-wheel diode both ends
Voltage is diode junction voltage.Driver is connected through photoisolator (such as IN1, IN2 ..., INN) with power-supply controller of electric.
It is connected between 1st power subsystem and the 2nd power supply list with afterflow coil L12, i.e., afterflow coil L12 is connected to
Between the negative pole of sustained diode 1 and the positive pole of sustained diode 2；Between 2nd power subsystem and the 3rd power subsystem
It is connected with afterflow coil L23, the like, it is connected between the N-1 power subsystem and n-th power subsystem with afterflow coil
Connect.In this way, in the case that if the electronic switch of each power subsystem simultaneously turns on, the total output total voltage of dc source is
VAlwaysFor the voltage sum of each direct voltage output.In plasma smelting furnace, make the positive output end of dc source by wire through
The axially extending bore of one plasma electrode assemblie is connected to electrode, the earth terminal of dc source is connected to travelling gear 124
In rotary shaft, and the support of travelling gear and the second plasma electrode component 103 is prepared by conductive metallic material, so can structure
Into complete circuit.
In plasma melting furnace igniting, the electric switch in N number of DC voltage unit is both turned on to the first plasma electrode
Component and the second plasma electrode component provide higher voltage, in the success of plasma melting furnace igniting, formed in container etc. from
After subfield, the state of the switch of each DC voltage unit of power controller controls such as controls at the temperature in the container of in vitro smelting furnace
Degree.Preferably, working condition of the power-supply controller of electric through driver control electronic switch.Preferably, power-supply controller of electric through photoelectricity every
Driver is connected to from device.Preferably, the dc source of plasma smelting furnace also includes voltage sample circuit, the voltage sampling electricity
Routing resistance R1 and resistance R2 be in series and be connected to it is N number of by switch series connection DC voltage unit form total voltage source
Between output end and ground, the node being connected from resistance R1 with resistance R2 takes out sampling voltage, and gives power-supply controller of electric；It is preferred that
Ground, also including current sampling circuit R3, the current sampling circuit R3 is connected in series to N and passed through the dc source of plasma smelting furnace
Switch series connection DC voltage unit composition total voltage source circuit in, with sampling flow through the first plasma electrode component and
The current value of second plasma electrode component.Preferably, power-supply controller of electric is according to current sampling circuit and voltage sample circuit institute
The working condition of electric switch in the N number of DC voltage unit connected by electric switch of electric current and magnitude of voltage control of offer.Directly
Stream power supply also includes electric capacity C1, and it, which is connected between total power output end and ground, is used to filter.
It is interior at least provided with temperature sensor, control system root according to one embodiment of the invention, plasma container 101
The information coordination electrode assembly operating mechanism provided according to temperature sensor is to control the first plasma electrode component and second etc.
The interval of gas ions electrode assemblie, so as to the temperature in control container, when can not be again to electrode by electrode assemblie travelling mechanism
When the interval of inter-module is adjusted, by controlling the N DC voltage units connected by electric switch with power-supply controller of electric
In electric switch working condition, the voltage of two electrode assemblies, and then the temperature in control container are supplied to control, due to
The present invention is provided with adjustable DC power supply, therefore expands the temperature range in plasma furnace vessel, has further adapted to pair
Handle the needs of the waste material of different qualities.
It should be noted that " one embodiment " referred to herein, " embodiment " or " one or more implementation
Example " is it is meant that the special characteristic, structure or the characteristic that describe are included at least one embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments
In.Further, it is noted that word example " in one embodiment " is not necessarily all referring to same embodiment here.
It should be noted that the present invention will be described rather than limits the invention for above-described embodiment, and ability
Field technique personnel can design alternative embodiment without departing from the scope of the appended claims.In the claims,
Any reference symbol between bracket should not be configured to limitations on claims.Word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of not
Element or step listed in the claims.Word "a" or "an" before element does not exclude the presence of multiple such
Element.The present invention can be by means of including the hardware of some different elements and being come by means of properly programmed computer real
It is existing.The use of word first, second, and third does not indicate that any order, merely to difference.
Furthermore, it should also be noted that the language used in this specification primarily to readable and teaching purpose and select
Select, rather than selected to explain or limit subject of the present invention.Therefore, without departing from appended claims
In the case of scope and spirit, many modifications and changes are all apparent for those skilled in the art
's.For the scope of the present invention, the disclosure done to the present invention be it is illustrative and not restrictive, it is of the presently claimed invention
Protection domain is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of plasma smelting furnace, including：
Container, the container have the cavity for receiving waste material, and the side wall of the container is provided with charging aperture；
At least two plasma electrode components, wherein the first plasma electrode component is arranged on container top, and first
It can be moved up and down in the presence of electrode assemblie travelling mechanism in the cavity inside container, the second plasma electrode component is set
Put in the cavity of container and under the first plasma electrode component, it is characterised in that the first plasma electrode group
Electrode in part is pectination, and the second plasma electrode component is rotation electrode component, and positioned at the lower section of charging aperture.
2. plasma smelting furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first plasma electrode component along the second grade from
The axis of daughter electrode assemblie is run up and down, with the temperature in control container cavity.
3. plasma smelting furnace according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the second plasma electrode component is in second electrode
It can be rotated in the presence of assembly operating mechanism around the axis of the first plasma electrode component, so that being poured into container
Waste material is uniformly distributed on the second plasma electrode component.
4. plasma smelting furnace according to claim 3, it is characterised in that also including cycle subsystem, the circulation subsystem
Unite for the gas discharged from container to be imported into container again, to be decomposed again to undecomposed complete toxic gas.
5. plasma smelting furnace according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the second electrode assembly operating mechanism is controlling
Make in the presence of system the first plasma electrode component at least two plasma electrodes component and the second grade from
Daughter electrode assemblie is spaced apart to produce the temperature of substantial constant in the container.
6. plasma smelting furnace according to claim 5, it is characterised in that container at least includes high heat-resisting successively from inside to outside
Resistant to corrosion layer, insulating barrier, heat-insulation layer and flame retardant coating.
7. plasma smelting furnace according to claim 6, it is characterised in that plasma electrode component includes graphite.
8. plasma smelting furnace according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the second plasma electrode component comprises at least resistance to
The electrode of high temperature support and patty or convex globoidal shape, support include diameter be slightly less than container intracavity diameter annular gear and
Diameter is approximately equal to the diameter or the annulus of chord length and the electrode for fixing patty or convex globoidal shape of electrode；Annular gear and
Multiple inclined inclination connection straps are evenly arranged between annulus, so form frustum, edge between each adjacent inclined connection strap
Frustum is circumferentially provided with one or more circumferential connection strap.
9. plasma smelting furnace according to claim 8, it is characterised in that at least also include slide rail, the slide rail passes through solid
Part is determined along the circumferentially disposed of container inner wall.
10. according to any described plasma smelting furnaces of claim 1-9, it is characterised in that second electrode assembly operating mechanism drives
Dynamic second plasma electrode component rotates along slide rail.
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| CN201710856862.8A CN107477593A (en) | 2017-09-21 | 2017-09-21 | Plasma smelting furnace |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710856862.8A CN107477593A (en) | 2017-09-21 | 2017-09-21 | Plasma smelting furnace |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108046737A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-05-18 | 航天慧能（江苏）环境工程有限公司 | A kind of processing method containing heavy metal hazardous waste |
| CN108218384A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-06-29 | 航天慧能（江苏）环境工程有限公司 | A kind of processing method of liquid waste |
| CN108326014A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-07-27 | 航天慧能（江苏）环境工程有限公司 | A kind of processing method of harmless solid waste |
| CN108380631A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-08-10 | 航天慧能（江苏）环境工程有限公司 | A kind of refuse landfill waste treatment method |
| CN109307271A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-02-05 | 孔帆海 | A kind of double furnace chambers refuse treatment plant |
-
2017
- 2017-09-21 CN CN201710856862.8A patent/CN107477593A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108046737A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-05-18 | 航天慧能（江苏）环境工程有限公司 | A kind of processing method containing heavy metal hazardous waste |
| CN108218384A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-06-29 | 航天慧能（江苏）环境工程有限公司 | A kind of processing method of liquid waste |
| CN108326014A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-07-27 | 航天慧能（江苏）环境工程有限公司 | A kind of processing method of harmless solid waste |
| CN108380631A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-08-10 | 航天慧能（江苏）环境工程有限公司 | A kind of refuse landfill waste treatment method |
| CN109307271A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-02-05 | 孔帆海 | A kind of double furnace chambers refuse treatment plant |
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