CN207020004U - A kind of fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision - Google Patents
A kind of fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision Download PDFInfo
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- CN207020004U CN207020004U CN201720524282.4U CN201720524282U CN207020004U CN 207020004 U CN207020004 U CN 207020004U CN 201720524282 U CN201720524282 U CN 201720524282U CN 207020004 U CN207020004 U CN 207020004U
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision, the heating and cooling processing under relevant temperature control are carried out according to predetermined temperature gradient according to photosensitive curve to the test specimen being arranged in its incubator by temperature control system, to realize the stress freezing for test specimen；Test specimen is fixed by true triaxial servo loading system and applies corresponding pressure；The pressure break body pumping system being arranged at again by output end in the incubator carries out corresponding fracturing experiments to test specimen；Because test specimen is to print obtained transparent photosensitive model by 3D printer, the fracturing experiments of stress loading with reference to true triaxial servo loading system, the stress freezing experiment under the control of temperature control system accurate temperature and pressure break body pumping system, the observation directly perceived for crack tip stress field Evolution when complicated seam net crack initiation extends in fracturing process and Transparence Display can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
Stress freezing technical field is the utility model is related to, more particularly to a kind of fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision.
Background technology
Currently, because the Fracture Evolution rule in unconventional reservoir rock medium fracturing process is a "black box" problem.
Therefore, existing laboratory is studied for the fracturing process of various phase pressure break media, is in the seam for being formed after pressure break mostly
In the qualitative analysis of net Distribution Characteristics, it is difficult to which display directly perceived and accurate description play a decisive role to the crack initiation of pressure-break net and extension
Stress field evolutionary process.
In the prior art there is also the method using numerical simulation, carry out point of stress field in quantitative analysis fracture propagation process
The scheme of cloth Evolution, however, it is worth noting that, needed in numerical simulation to geometrical model, boundary condition, grid mould
Type, unit contact are with separating, material parameter, constitutive relation, cracking and are simplified a series of problems, such as failure criteria, and these are simple
The problems such as changing processing and calculation scale, computational efficiency can all make a significant impact on the computational accuracy of pressure break stress field.Especially
That, due to the limitation of experimental method and test condition, most of numerical simulation results lack experimental verifications, numerical analysis it is accurate
Property and reliability dispute extensively be present, engineering site is difficult to directly apply.
Therefore, currently need a kind of experimental provision badly, can realize for being split in fracturing process during complicated seam net crack initiation extension
Stitch observation directly perceived and the Transparence Display of tip stress fields Evolution.
Utility model content
The utility model provides a kind of fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision, is stitched with realizing for complicated in fracturing process
The observation directly perceived of crack tip stress field Evolution and Transparence Display when net crack initiation extends.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the application provides is as follows：
A kind of fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision, including：
Temperature control system, including incubator, with to being arranged at the test specimen in the incubator according to photosensitive curve according to preset temperature
Gradient carries out heating accordingly and cooling processing, to realize the stress freezing for the test specimen；The test specimen is to be beaten by 3D
Print machine prints obtained transparent photosensitive model；The photosensitive curve is the photosensitive curve of the photosensitive model；
The true triaxial servo loading system of relevant pressure is fixed and applied to the test specimen；
The pressure break body pumping system of corresponding fracturing experiments, the output of the pressure break body pumping system are carried out to the test specimen
End is arranged in the incubator.
Preferably, the incubator includes：Perforated decking, seal assembly and five perforate incubator walls；Wherein：
Piston rod entrance is provided with the Perforated decking and five perforates incubator wall；
Two circulated air entrances are provided with the Perforated decking.
Preferably, the temperature control system also includes：Thermal source control system, direct heater, environment heater, cooling
Control system, cooling device and temperature-detecting device；Wherein：
The thermal source control system is used to control the direct heater and the environment heater to work；
The cooling control system is used to control the cooling device to work.
Preferably, the direct heater includes：Six electric heating tubes and six heating backboards；
The environment heater includes：One air-heater；
The cooling device includes：Six cooling tubes；
The temperature-detecting device includes：At least six temperature sensors；
The electric heating tube is arranged in the heating backboard, for by directly heating all directions to the test specimen
Carry out main heating treatment；
The air-heater is used to carry out heating compensation to the test specimen by raising environment temperature；
The temperature sensor is respectively arranged in the pressing plate that the incubator neutralizes the true triaxial servo loading system；
The side of the heating backboard is connected with the piston rod of the true triaxial servo loading system；The heating backboard
Opposite side is pasted with one piece of pressing plate；
The coolant or cold air injection that the cooling control system is used to control in the cooling tube；
The cooling tube is arranged on the inside of the pressing plate.
Preferably, the true triaxial servo loading system includes：Beam column frame, five sets of servo actuators, five sets of servos point
Orchestration, a set of Hydraulic servo system, a set of servo control system, hydraulic system auxiliary material, adaptively connect strain gauge, displacement
Sensor and test specimen mounting and positioning device；Wherein：
The test specimen mounting and positioning device is arranged at the incubator bottom；
The beam column frame supports and makes each piston rod and the Perforated decking and the test specimen mounting and positioning device are real
Existing controllable movement；
The output of the servo control system controls corresponding servo actuator to act by corresponding servo distributor；
Five sets of servo actuators respectively by corresponding piston rod and pressing plate realize for the test specimen top and
The pressure of horizontal direction applies；
The Hydraulic servo system realizes that five sets of servo actuators push away to respective piston with the hydraulic system auxiliary material
It is dynamic；
The adaptive series connection strain gauge measures the stress of the test specimen all directions；
The displacement of test specimen all directions described in the displacement sensor.
Preferably, the adaptive series connection strain gauge includes：Wide range pressure sensor, small-range pressure sensing
Device, installation set, thrust plate and elastomer；Wherein：
The small-range pressure sensor is arranged in the installation set；
The elastomer is arranged between the installation set bottom and the small-range pressure sensor；
The deformation gap of the elastomer is provided between at the top of the thrust plate and the installation set；
The small-range pressure sensor detects the application pressure of the thrust plate；
The wide range pressure sensor detects the application pressure of the installation set.
Preferably, in addition to：
Eliminate the adaptive allocation device of the shear stress of the surface of test piece, be arranged at the heating plate and piston rod it
Between, it is connected with piston rod.
Preferably, the adaptive allocation device includes：Four horizontal direction components and two above-below direction components；Its
In：
The horizontal direction component includes：Fixed plate, sliding panel and sliding block；Sliding block is arranged at fixed plate and cunning
Between dynamic plate, include multiple rows of roller band chain of corresponding horizontal direction displacement；
Above-below direction component includes：Fixed plate, two sliding panels and two sliding blocks；One of sliding block is set
Between fixed plate and a sliding panel, another sliding block is arranged between two sliding panels, two sliding block difference
For multiple rows of roller band chain of two orthogonal direction displacements on horizontal plane.
Preferably, the pressure break body pumping system is supercritical CO2Constant temperature and pressure pumping system.
Preferably, the supercritical CO2Constant temperature and pressure pumping system include：CO2Steel cylinder, low temperature thermostat bath, constant speed and constant pressure
Pump, threeway sampling valve, two atmospheric valves and two pressure sensors；Wherein：
The CO2Steel cylinder is connected by filter with the low temperature thermostat bath；
The low temperature thermostat bath is connected by the constant speed and constant pressure pump with the input of the threeway sampling valve；
The output termination snap joint of the threeway sampling valve, as the supercritical CO2Constant temperature and pressure pumping system
Output end；
Described two pressure sensors are respectively arranged in the low temperature thermostat bath and the constant speed and constant pressure pump；
Described two atmospheric valves are respectively arranged in the low temperature thermostat bath and the constant speed and constant pressure pump.
The fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision provided by the utility model, by temperature control system to being arranged at its temperature
Test specimen in case carries out heating accordingly according to predetermined temperature gradient according to photosensitive curve and cooling is handled, to realize for test specimen
Stress freezing；Test specimen is fixed by true triaxial servo loading system and applies corresponding pressure；Pass through output end again
The pressure break body pumping system being arranged in the incubator carries out corresponding fracturing experiments to test specimen；Because test specimen is to pass through 3D printing
Machine prints obtained transparent photosensitive model, stress loading, temperature control system accurate temperature control with reference to true triaxial servo loading system
The fracturing experiments of stress freezing experiment and pressure break body pumping system under system, it can be achieved to net for complicated seam in fracturing process
The observation directly perceived of crack tip stress field Evolution and Transparence Display when splitting extension.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to embodiment in order to illustrate more clearly of the technical scheme in the utility model embodiment or prior art
Or the required accompanying drawing used is briefly described in description of the prior art, it should be apparent that, below description in accompanying drawing only
It is some embodiments of the utility model, for those of ordinary skill in the art, is not paying the premise of creative work
Under, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the loading direction schematic diagram for the true triaxial servo loading system that the utility model embodiment provides；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation for the incubator that another embodiment of the utility model provides；
Fig. 3 is the part-structure schematic diagram for the temperature control system that another embodiment of the utility model provides；
Fig. 4 is the appearance schematic diagram for the true triaxial servo loading system that another embodiment of the utility model provides；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation for the adaptive series connection strain gauge that another embodiment of the utility model provides；
Fig. 6 is the structural representation for the horizontal direction component that the utility model embodiment provides；
Fig. 7 is the structural representation for the sliding block that another embodiment of the utility model provides；
Fig. 8 is the initial position schematic diagram for the adaptive allocation device that another embodiment of the utility model provides；
Fig. 9 is the final position schematic diagram for the adaptive allocation device that another embodiment of the utility model provides；
Figure 10 is the structural representation for the above-below direction component that another embodiment of the utility model provides；
Figure 11 is the structural representation of the constant temperature and pressure pumping system for the supercritical CO 2 that another embodiment of the utility model provides
Figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present application, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only some embodiments of the present application, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belong to the scope of the application protection.
The utility model provides a kind of fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision, is stitched with realizing for complicated in fracturing process
The observation directly perceived of crack tip stress field Evolution and Transparence Display when net crack initiation extends.
Specifically, the fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision, including：
Temperature control system, including incubator 101, for being arranged at the test specimen in incubator 101 according to photosensitive curve according to default
Thermograde carries out heating accordingly and cooling processing, to realize the stress freezing for test specimen；The test specimen is to pass through 3D printing
Machine prints obtained transparent photosensitive model；
True triaxial servo loading system, for corresponding pressure to be fixed and applied to test specimen；It can be provided for test specimen
The compression that three directions are not mutually equal, simulate the real bearing state of deep low permeability reservoir rock.
Pressure break body pumping system, output end are arranged in incubator 101, for carrying out corresponding fracturing experiments to test specimen.
Specifically operation principle is：
To simulate the three-dimensional stress condition of deep low permeability reservoir, the simulation to true triaxial stress state is realized, it is ensured that pressure
The accuracy of experiment, true triaxial servo loading system, such as three axle hydraulic servo loading systems are split, need to be designed can at one
To carry out in the incubator 101 of high accuracy temperature control.
The observation directly perceived of crack tip stress field Evolution during in order to realize complicated seam net crack initiation extension in fracturing process
And Transparence Display, the photosensitive model that applicant proposes that 3D printing can be obtained carry out the stress of fracturing process on fracturing device
Freeze to test.
However, stress freezing experiment is very sensitive to solidification point and stress condition, existing fracturing device is either
Temperature control means and three axle loading accuracies can not all meet the requirement of stress freezing experiment.
In order to complete stress freezing experiment, accurate heating and cooling control is realized.Because the photosensitive mould that 3D printing obtains
Type is different from conventional rock material, stronger to the sensitiveness of temperature.Therefore, to realize that stress freezing is tested, to heating up and will drop
The control accuracy of temperature also should be higher.In specific practical application, examination of the temperature control system to being arranged in incubator 101 can be passed through
Part carries out heating accordingly according to predetermined temperature gradient according to the photosensitive curve of photosensitive model and cooling is handled, to realize for examination
The stress freezing of part.
, can be using directly heating to test specimen and by the way of environment temperature control is combined, protect specifically, in heating process
The temperature conditionss of card test specimen are accurately controlled；It is that size is 100 × 100 × 100mm by uniform hot air circulating system
Cube specimen environment temperature is provided, it is ± 3% to make temperature uniformity in incubator 101.
The true triaxial loading procedure of true triaxial servo loading system in an experiment, specifically can by it is as shown in Figure 1+
X, high-precision servo loading is implemented in five directions of-x ,+y ,-y ,+z to test specimen, and the loading system of all directions can be grasped independently
Work is controlled, can also be by programme-control, the collaboration for carrying out multichannel continuously works.Specifically, three axles act on pressure range：x、
0~30MPa of y directions (biaxial loadings), stroke 50mm；0~50MPa of Z-direction (unidirectional loading), stroke 300mm；Load loading essence
Degree≤± 0.05%F.S；Bit andits control precision ± 0.02.Meanwhile it can be set on+x ,-x ,+y ,-y ,+z ,-z six directions
High-precision stress and displacement measuring device, it is accurate to measure and feed back the stress on three directions and the size of displacement, and lead to
Cross the deflection that program calculates test specimen automatically.Reachable ± the 0.1%F.S of measurement accuracy under the difference range of x, y, z direction.
Fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision that the present embodiment provides, because test specimen is to be printed by 3D printer
The transparent photosensitive model arrived, by 3D printing technique, the making of the stress freezing model with true fissured structure is realized, with reference to
Stress loading, the stress freezing experiment under the control of temperature control system accurate temperature and the pressure break body pump of true triaxial servo loading system
The fracturing experiments of system are sent, can be achieved for crack tip stress field Evolution when complicated seam net crack initiation extends in fracturing process
Observation directly perceived and Transparence Display.
Another embodiment of the utility model provides a kind of specific fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision, in above-mentioned reality
On the basis for applying example and Fig. 1, it is preferred that incubator 101 as shown in Fig. 2 including：Perforated decking 111, seal assembly and five open
Hole incubator wall 112；Wherein：
Piston rod entrance 121 is provided with Perforated decking 111 and five perforate incubator walls 112；
Two circulated air entrances 122 are provided with Perforated decking 111.
Preferably, temperature control system as shown in figure 3, including：Incubator, a thermal source control system, six electric heating tubes 102,
One air-heater, six pressing plates 103, six heating backboards 104, at least six temperature sensors, 105, cooling control systems
And six cooling tubes；Wherein：
Six electric heating tubes 102 and six heating backboards 104 belong to direct heater；
Air-heater belongs to environment heater；
Six cooling tubes belong to cooling device；
At least six temperature sensors 105 belong to temperature-detecting device；
Thermal source control system is used to control electric heating tube 102 and air-heater to work；
Electric heating tube 102 is arranged in heating backboard 104, is led for all directions by directly heating to test specimen
Want heating treatment；
Temperature sensor be respectively arranged in incubator 101 and true triaxial servo loading system pressing plate 103 in；
Air-heater is used to carry out heating compensation to test specimen by raising environment temperature；
The side of heating backboard 104 is connected with the piston rod of true triaxial servo loading system；Heat the opposite side of backboard 104
It is pasted with a block pressur plate 103；
The coolant or cold air injection that cooling control system is used to control in cooling tube；
Cooling tube is arranged at the inner side of pressing plate 103, such as 106 in Fig. 2.
Preferably, pressing plate 103 is with heating the square that backboard 104 is 100mm.
Specifically, the control accuracy of electric heating tube 102 is controlled at 0.1 DEG C, and reachable ± 0.1 DEG C of temperature sensor precision.
In view of traditional incubator 101 by many factors such as space wedge angles in air inlet in case, air outlet, grid, case
Influence, the temperature inside the box is difficult to keep uniform, and in order to solve this problem, the present embodiment employs steel plate, i.e. pressing plate 103,
The mode that directly contact test specimen is heated, to ensure even heat diffusion and be transmitted to inside exemplar.In the steel plate in six faces
Built-in temperature sensor, can perceive the change of the temperature of pressing plate 103, then the thermal source control system by multichannel in time, often
16 groups of independence PID of passage control mode, temperature gap can be changed to control within 1 DEG C.
In order to ensure that stable temperature control is reliable, test specimen, surface of test piece contact pressure head (including heating backboard 104 and pressure
Plate 103), servoBcylinder partial piston bar be positioned in one have thermostatically controlled incubator 101 in；The side wall of incubator 101, bottom plate with
And top blind flange is separately machined, finally connected using rigid skeletal support.
To realize heating treatment, independent heating system is designed in the pressure head directly contacted with six surfaces of test specimen, it is right
Test specimen directly heats.Temperature caused by thermal source can be slightly below the target temperature of test specimen, and this temperature difference is by controlling air-heater to make temperature
Environment temperature rise in case 101 compensates.Meanwhile in six pressure heads, specially in pressing plate 103, it is arranged with temperature
Sensor, directly monitoring and Comprehensive Assessment are carried out to the temperature of surface of test piece, ensure the temperature of efficiently accurate feedback surface of test piece
Degrees of data controls the heating system to work；Based on the principle of the circulate in the wind of incubator 101 flowing, the Perforated decking at the top of insulating box
On 111, two circulated air entrances 122 are set, the hot-air system circulated is formed in case, ensure environment temperature in incubator
Uniformity.Temperature sensor should be again provided with casing, Simultaneous Monitoring is entered to the environment temperature in incubator 101, coordinates pressure head
Interior temperature data, it is controlled come the heating to test specimen and temperature-fall period.
To realize that cooling is handled, uniform distribution stainless steel tube in the side wall of incubator 101, i.e., the cooling tube 106 shown in Fig. 2,
By being uniformly injected into coolant into pipe or being blown into the cold air of recyclable flowing, with reference to the circulated air system in incubator 101
System, realizes uniform temperature-fall period in incubator 101.Due to cold wind temperature and be blown into speed controllable precise, utilize pressure head and temperature
The temperature data of temperature sensor in case 101, it can accurately control the temperature-fall period of test specimen.
Remaining operation principle is same as the previously described embodiments, and here is omitted.
Another embodiment of the utility model additionally provides another specific fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision,
On above-described embodiment and Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 basis, it is preferred that true triaxial servo loading system includes：Beam column frame, five sets watch
Take actuator, five sets of servo distributors, a set of Hydraulic servo system, a set of servo control system, hydraulic system auxiliary material, adaptive
Series connection strain gauge, displacement transducer and test specimen mounting and positioning device；Wherein：
Test specimen mounting and positioning device is arranged at incubator bottom；
Beam column frame is used to support and make each piston rod and Perforated decking and test specimen mounting and positioning device realize controllable shifting
It is dynamic；
The output of servo control system controls corresponding servo actuator to act by corresponding servo distributor；
Five sets of servo actuators realize top and the horizontal direction for test specimen by corresponding piston rod and pressing plate respectively
Pressure apply；
Hydraulic servo system is used to realize promotion of five sets of servo actuators to respective piston with hydraulic system auxiliary material；
Adaptive series connection strain gauge is used for the stress for measuring test specimen all directions；
Displacement transducer is used for the displacement for measuring test specimen all directions.
The true triaxial servo loading system profile finally realized is as shown in Figure 4.
Preferably, adaptively connect strain gauge, referring to Fig. 5, including：Wide range pressure sensor 211, small-range pressure
Force snesor 212, installation set 213, thrust plate 214 and elastomer 215；Wherein：
Small-range pressure sensor 212 is arranged in installation set 213；
Elastomer 215 is arranged between the bottom of installation set 213 and small-range pressure sensor 212；
The deformation gap 216 of elastomer 215 is provided between thrust plate 214 and the top of installation set 213；
Small-range pressure sensor 212 is used for the application pressure for detecting thrust plate 214；
Wide range pressure sensor 211 is used for the application pressure for detecting installation set 213.
Design pressure ability of the hydraulic-servo-load device of this equipment in horizontal both direction is 300KN, at one
Two relative hydraulic cylinders are set on loading direction.The design pressure ability of vertical direction is 500KN, is fixed using bottom, on
The scheme of portion's servo loading, precision≤± 0.05%F.S of loading.The stress value being applied on test specimen is entered by pressure sensor
Row collection and feedback.In order to realize test specimen being accurately positioned in incubator 101, the top plate of incubator 101 can be with vertical direction
Depression bar is integrally lifted and declined, and realizes the folding of incubator.And the good lifting platform of rigidity is provided with below vertical depression bar, use
In the installation of test specimen.Test specimen is fallen with platform, is accurately positioned the center of four hydraulic-servo-load bars of horizontal direction,
It is in place in three axle loading systems, the installation of test specimen is realized by test specimen mounting and positioning device.
Because under different ranges, pressure sensor can produce certain linearity error, therefore, the present embodiment is selected more
Segmentation pressure sensor, reduces linearity error to greatest extent.In traditional three axle loading experiments, in order that pressing plate 102 and test specimen
It is brought into close contact, and makes test specimen in place, the meeting prestressing force certain to test specimen before target, pressure is applied.But in fracturing experiments
The mechanical property of 3D printing model used, has certain difference between real rock material in being tested with stress freezing
Property, the even lower target, pressures of 10KN may be especially selected in stress freezing experiment, if applied excessive initial pre-
Stress can produce large effect to experimental result.Therefore, it is the precision of raising experiment, it is necessary to assure applied in each experimentation
The structural initial pre stress added is minimum.According to the stress freezing experimental result repeatedly carried out repeatedly, the pressure preferably initially applied is obtained
Power should be controlled within 2KN.Then, for according to limit pressure choose pressure sensor, itself be a rigidity very
Strong elastomer, 2KN power is that accuracy of identification is relatively low on the sensor of this range, and this gives the control of test specimen original upload precision
System brings difficulty.Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the present embodiment connects one in a small amount on the strain gauge of wide range
The pressure sensor of journey, and overload protection is carried out to small-range sensor by mechanical structure, then using control program to it is big,
The data acquisition of the sensor of small-range is automatically switched.
Specifically, when applying below 2KN load, power passes through small-range pressure sensor 212 and elastomer 215, peace
Encapsulation 213, it is delivered on wide range pressure sensor 211, but program reads data from 2KN small-range pressure sensor 212；
When load is gradually increased, elastomer 215 starts to deform, and when reaching 2KN, the deformation gap 216 of elastomer 215 disappears, in a small amount
Stroke pressure sensor 212 is no longer by compression, to avoid the damage of small-range pressure sensor 212；The load now acted on
By installation set 213, directly power is transmitted on wide range pressure sensor 211, now, program automatically switches, and reads a large amount of
The data of stroke pressure sensor 211.That is, the present embodiment by strain gauge of adaptively connecting, both solved side crops industry without
The problem of method is differentiated, also achieves the automatic centering of test specimen.
Another embodiment of the utility model additionally provides another fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision, in above-mentioned reality
On the basis for applying example and Fig. 1 to Fig. 5, in addition to：
Adaptive allocation device, is arranged between heating plate and piston rod, is connected with piston rod, for eliminating surface of test piece
Shear stress.
Preferably, the adaptive allocation device includes：Four horizontal direction components and two above-below direction components；Wherein：
Horizontal direction component as shown in fig. 6, including：Fixed plate 401, sliding panel 402 and sliding block 403；Sliding block
403 are arranged between fixed plate 401 and sliding panel 402, include multiple rows of roller band chain of corresponding horizontal direction displacement；
Above-below direction component includes：Fixed plate, two sliding panels and two sliding blocks；One of sliding block is set
Between fixed plate and a sliding panel, another sliding block is arranged between two sliding panels, two sliding block difference
For multiple rows of roller band chain of two orthogonal direction displacements on horizontal plane.
Three-dimensional loading to cube specimen can be divided into horizontally and vertically both direction, therefore, adaptive allocation dress
Put and be made up of horizontal adaptive allocation device and high-mechanic floating platform.
For the shear stress of elimination of level both direction, design level direction component, allow it with test piece deformation one
Play motion.During test specimen is compacted, the direction that ensureing pressure head be able to may deform upon along test specimen is slided together, whole
It can be brought into close contact during individual with surface of test piece, relative motion will not be produced, while and can accurately transmits servoBcylinder depression bar
The direct stress for acting on test specimen table provided.This requires pressure head in itself can be along the direction free skating parallel with surface of test piece
It is dynamic.Therefore, pressure head is made up of the two parts (fixed plate 401 and sliding panel 402) that can be slided relatively, and centre sets coefficient of friction pole
Small sliding block (main carrying fluid column chain belt 403) is attached.The problem of such mechanism needs to overcome two main：The
One, sliding block needs the bearing capacity with more than 300KN, ensures under 300KN load, will not deform or even broken
It is bad；Second, coefficient of friction can be dropped to minimum, ensured under the conditions of larger direct stress, remained able to free with test specimen
Slide.As shown in fig. 7, single sliding block is made up of multiple rows of roller band chain 431.In order to which coefficient of friction is reduced into maximum, intend
The band chain of 150 millimeters of 5 row's length is designed side by side, and 65.2KN dynamic load can be carried by often covering roller band chain, and static load can
To reach 212KN, by 5 sets it is used in parallel after, the dynamic load that can be born is not less than 300KN.Meanwhile this also causes only 100
× 100mm sectional area can not meet to require；Therefore two parts of sliding block 403 are designed to the form of variable cross-section, such as Fig. 6
It is shown.With test specimen be brought into close contact for 100 × 100mm standard flat pressing plates, wherein be disposed with it is described in above-described embodiment plus
Hot backboard and pressing plate.In the junction with horizontal direction component, the sectional area of fixed plate 401 will be changed into 150 × 150mm.Meanwhile
Reseting spring leaf 404 is provided with the both ends of fixed plate 401 and sliding panel 402, carries the fixed plate 401 that both sides are promoted after laying down outside
Original state is returned to sliding panel 402.
After cube specimen is installed in place, adaptive allocation device can tighten closely connected in four faces in coupon level direction
Close, form the structure type shown in Fig. 8.It is close to the stretching of its side of the fixed plate 401 of test specimen, is applied to Vertical Square adjacent thereto
To fixed plate 401 on, formed a complete closed loop.When there is direct stress to transmit, four pieces of fixed plates 401 can interact,
Start parallel sliding along respective sliding block 403, and constantly extrude test specimen, form the end-state shown in Fig. 9, reach test specimen
To goal pressure.Whole process center platen surface and surface of test piece do not have relative motion, the shear stress parallel with surface of test piece by
Farthest cut down with respect to slip in pressure head.
In order to cut down the influence of test specimen vertical direction shear stress, it is contemplated that in horizontal direction loading procedure, test specimen both sides
Deformation may be different, therefore causes test specimen to deviate original axle center, beyond the sphere of action of upper lower platen, in order to eliminate
The shearing force of test specimen upper and lower surface, while ensure that upper lower platen can accurately be applied to surface of test piece, in lower support structure and
The floating platform of horizontal bidirectional, i.e. above-below direction component are set in upper pressure head.Key is to ensure that platform bears 500KN
Load-up condition under, can be freely moved freely along horizontal both direction.
Above-below direction component is equally using the method for setting sliding block, by the quantity of the above-mentioned unilateral sliding block set
It is changed into two, the direction of motion that two sliding blocks roll chain belt is just orthogonal, ensures that above-below direction component has level two
The free degree in direction.Figure 10 illustrates the schematic diagram of the floating platform set on base.The part that top protrudes is the load of test specimen
Thing platform, the terrace part of its underpart is provided with two orthogonal sliding blocks, and (X in Figure 10 is to roller band chain and Y-direction roller belt
Chain), and the edge of each sliding block is again provided with reseting spring leaf, and after external force unloads, back-moving spring sector-meeting will
The sliding panel (X to sliding panel or Y-direction sliding panel) in Figure 10 on upper strata pulls back to and fixed plate (fixed pedestal in Figure 10)
Original state.And the same platform with Bidirectional freedom degree is provided with upper pressure head, ensure and bottom platform collaboration is transported
It is dynamic.
Therefore, another embodiment of the utility model additionally provides another fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision,
On above-described embodiment and Fig. 1 to Figure 10 basis, pressure break body pumping system can be that the pressure break of various medium multi phase states pumps
System, such as multiple gases, high temperature and high pressure steam, the pressure break pumping system of waterpower and above-critical state.
Preferably, pressure break body pumping system is supercritical CO2Constant temperature and pressure pumping system.
And, it is preferred that supercritical CO2Constant temperature and pressure pumping system referring to Figure 11, including：CO2Steel cylinder, cryogenic thermostat
Groove, constant speed and constant pressure pump, threeway sampling valve, two atmospheric valves and two pressure sensors；Wherein：
CO2Steel cylinder is connected by filter with low temperature thermostat bath；
Low temperature thermostat bath is connected by constant speed and constant pressure pump with the input of threeway sampling valve；
The output termination snap joint of threeway sampling valve, as supercritical CO2Constant temperature and pressure pumping system output end；
Two pressure sensors are respectively arranged in low temperature thermostat bath and constant speed and constant pressure pump；
Two atmospheric valves are respectively arranged in low temperature thermostat bath and constant speed and constant pressure pump.
The supercritical CO2Constant temperature and pressure pumping system coordinate true triaxial loading system to complete three-dimensional fracturing experiments.Specifically
, the pump housing sets air accumulator and external CO2Steel cylinder is connected, and every time all fills up lifting in air accumulator before experiment.Pump body design
Volume is 250mL.Intend coordinating programmable controller accurately to control the forward and back of pump, speed governing, pressure regulation etc. using servomotor
System, realizes 0~70MPa operating pressure, and show flow rate of liquid, flow and pressure by the mode of output pressure curve
Real-time change.On the other hand, it is contemplated that to realize supercritical CO2Injection, and CO2Only reach 31.06 DEG C in temperature, pressure
Supercriticality can just be entered when power reaches 7.38MPa.Pressure condition can be by promoting piston to make the CO in cavity2Gas pressure
Power, which rises, to be reached.And in order to reach corresponding temperature conditionss, a cryogenic thermostat system is equipped with for the pump housing, ensures that temperature can be with
Change in the range of -5~100 DEG C, while overtemperature prote is set, after beyond limiting temperature, electrical heating can be automatically cut off
System, it is ensured that instrument safety.
Compared with hydraulic fracturing technology, correlative study shows：Supercritical CO2Pressure break can improve the complicated journey of pressure-break net
Degree.Therefore, mechanism is extended, it is necessary to which accurately grasp and the complicated seam net crack initiation of understanding propagate through in order to disclose the crack initiation of pressure-break net
The Evolution of crack tip stress field in journey.
Applicant is by studying 3D printing and stress freezing technology, supercritical CO2Constant temperature and pressure output is combined, and is applied
In the quantitative and visual representation of complicated fissure rock interior three-dimensional stress field, you can accurately grasp and quantification characterizes super face
Boundary CO2Stress field Evolution in fracturing process；For using physical model experiment method, intuitively observation and Transparence Display are complicated
Solid structure interior three-dimensional Stress Field Distribution opens new approach with Evolution, is also inside the complicated solid structure of checking three
The accuracy of dimension numerical simulation for stress field analysis provides new means.
Specific operation principle is same as the previously described embodiments, no longer repeats one by one herein.
Each embodiment is described by the way of progressive in the utility model, what each embodiment stressed be and its
The difference of his embodiment, between each embodiment identical similar portion mutually referring to.For dress disclosed in embodiment
For putting, because it is corresponded to the method disclosed in Example, so description is fairly simple, related part is referring to method part
Explanation.
It is described above, only it is preferred embodiment of the present utility model, not the utility model is made any formal
Limitation.Although the utility model is disclosed above with preferred embodiment, but it is not limited to the utility model.It is any ripe
Those skilled in the art is known, in the case where not departing from technical solutions of the utility model ambit, all using the side of the disclosure above
Method and technology contents make many possible changes and modifications to technical solutions of the utility model, or be revised as equivalent variations etc.
Imitate embodiment.Therefore, every content without departing from technical solutions of the utility model, according to the technical essence of the utility model to
Any simple modifications, equivalents, and modifications that upper embodiment is done, still fall within the model of technical solutions of the utility model protection
In enclosing.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision, it is characterised in that including：Temperature control system, including incubator, with to being arranged at the test specimen in the incubator according to photosensitive curve according to predetermined temperature gradient Heating accordingly and cooling processing are carried out, to realize the stress freezing for the test specimen；The test specimen is to pass through 3D printer Print obtained transparent photosensitive model；The photosensitive curve is the photosensitive curve of the photosensitive model；The true triaxial servo loading system of relevant pressure is fixed and applied to the test specimen；The pressure break body pumping system of corresponding fracturing experiments is carried out to the test specimen, the output end of the pressure break body pumping system is set It is placed in the incubator.
- 2. fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the incubator includes：It is more Blind patch, seal assembly and five perforate incubator walls；Wherein：Piston rod entrance is provided with the Perforated decking and five perforates incubator wall；Two circulated air entrances are provided with the Perforated decking.
- 3. fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the temperature control system also wraps Include：Thermal source control system, direct heater, environment heater, cooling control system, cooling device and temperature detection dress Put；Wherein：The thermal source control system is used to control the direct heater and the environment heater to work；The cooling control system is used to control the cooling device to work.
- 4. fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the direct heater Including：Six electric heating tubes and six heating backboards；The environment heater includes：One air-heater；The cooling device includes：Six cooling tubes；The temperature-detecting device includes：At least six temperature sensors；The electric heating tube is arranged in the heating backboard, is carried out for all directions by directly heating to the test specimen Main heating treatment；The air-heater is used to carry out heating compensation to the test specimen by raising environment temperature；The temperature sensor is respectively arranged in the pressing plate that the incubator neutralizes the true triaxial servo loading system；The side of the heating backboard is connected with the piston rod of the true triaxial servo loading system；It is described to heat the another of backboard Side is pasted with one piece of pressing plate；The coolant or cold air injection that the cooling control system is used to control in the cooling tube；The cooling tube is arranged on the inside of the pressing plate.
- 5. fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the true triaxial servo adds Loading system includes：Beam column frame, five sets of servo actuators, five sets of servo distributors, a set of Hydraulic servo system, a set of servo motion control System processed, hydraulic system auxiliary material, adaptively connect strain gauge, displacement transducer and test specimen mounting and positioning device；Its In：The test specimen mounting and positioning device is arranged at the incubator bottom；The beam column frame support and make each piston rod and the Perforated decking and the test specimen mounting and positioning device realize can Control movement；The output of the servo control system controls corresponding servo actuator to act by corresponding servo distributor；Five sets of servo actuators realize top and the level for the test specimen by corresponding piston rod and pressing plate respectively The pressure in direction applies；The Hydraulic servo system realizes promotion of the five sets of servo actuators to respective piston with the hydraulic system auxiliary material；The adaptive series connection strain gauge measures the stress of the test specimen all directions；The displacement of test specimen all directions described in the displacement sensor.
- 6. fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the adaptive series connection should Force snesor includes：Wide range pressure sensor, small-range pressure sensor, installation set, thrust plate and elastomer；Wherein：The small-range pressure sensor is arranged in the installation set；The elastomer is arranged between the installation set bottom and the small-range pressure sensor；The deformation gap of the elastomer is provided between at the top of the thrust plate and the installation set；The small-range pressure sensor detects the application pressure of the thrust plate；The wide range pressure sensor detects the application pressure of the installation set.
- 7. fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision according to claim 4, it is characterised in that also include：Eliminate the adaptive allocation device of the shear stress of the surface of test piece, be arranged at heating backboard and the piston rod it Between, it is connected with piston rod.
- 8. fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the adaptive allocation dress Put including：Four horizontal direction components and two above-below direction components；Wherein：The horizontal direction component includes：Fixed plate, sliding panel and sliding block；Sliding block is arranged at fixed plate and sliding panel Between, include corresponding to multiple rows of roller band chain of horizontal direction displacement；Above-below direction component includes：Fixed plate, two sliding panels and two sliding blocks；One of sliding block is arranged at solid Between fixed board and a sliding panel, another sliding block is arranged between two sliding panels, and two sliding blocks are respectively water Multiple rows of roller band chain of two orthogonal direction displacements in plane.
- 9. fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the pressure break body pumping system Unite as supercritical CO2Constant temperature and pressure pumping system.
- 10. fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the supercritical CO2's Constant temperature and pressure pumping system includes：CO2Steel cylinder, low temperature thermostat bath, constant speed and constant pressure pump, threeway sampling valve, two atmospheric valves and Two pressure sensors；Wherein：The CO2Steel cylinder is connected by filter with the low temperature thermostat bath；The low temperature thermostat bath is connected by the constant speed and constant pressure pump with the input of the threeway sampling valve；The output termination snap joint of the threeway sampling valve, as the supercritical CO2Constant temperature and pressure pumping system output End；Described two pressure sensors are respectively arranged in the low temperature thermostat bath and the constant speed and constant pressure pump；Described two atmospheric valves are respectively arranged in the low temperature thermostat bath and the constant speed and constant pressure pump.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2018192481A1 (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-25 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for measuring stress field variations during co2 fracturing process |
| CN108827794A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-16 | 中南大学 | A kind of true triaxial hot test furnace, pilot system and method |
| CN108871968A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-23 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision |
| CN109490507A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-03-19 | 西南石油大学 | The experiment test device and method of fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) rate after shale gas well volume fracturing |
| CN109827848A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-05-31 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of oil and gas reservoir pressure-break extended simulation dynamic monitoring system and method |
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| US10564080B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2020-02-18 | China University Of Mining And Technology, Beijing | Method for measuring stress field variations during CO2 fracturing process |
| WO2018192481A1 (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-25 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for measuring stress field variations during co2 fracturing process |
| US20190360904A1 (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2019-11-28 | China University Of Mining And Technology, Beijing | Method for measuring stress field variations during co2 fracturing process |
| CN108871968A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-23 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of fracturing process stress freezing experimental provision |
| CN108871968B (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2024-01-26 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Fracturing process stress freezing experimental device |
| CN108827794A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-16 | 中南大学 | A kind of true triaxial hot test furnace, pilot system and method |
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| CN109827848A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-05-31 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of oil and gas reservoir pressure-break extended simulation dynamic monitoring system and method |
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| CN115248151A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-10-28 | 东北石油大学 | Rock core fixing device for real triaxial reservoir in-situ state hydraulic fracturing experiment |
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