CN103452541B - Heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions physical simulating device and using method thereof - Google Patents
Heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions physical simulating device and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions physical simulating device and using method thereof, described device comprises 7 parts such as water pressure control module at the bottom of coolant-temperature gage control module at the bottom of injection unit, model ontology, limit, limit, model heat-insulation unit, output metering units, data acquisition and graphics processing unit. The present invention is used for exploring limit bottom water reservoir Mechanism of steam flooding, and at the bottom of the limit of understanding oil reservoir, water is to steam driving exploitation influential effect, and the temperature field development characteristics of heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding, production feature, instruct heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam drive development.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geophysical exploration field, the numerical value that relates to physical prospecting is processed and analogue technique, concreteFor a kind of heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions physical simulating device and using method thereof.
Background technology
A kind of method conventional in thickened oil recovery is heat extraction by steam injection, and wherein steam soak is in heat extraction by steam injectionImportant way. Steam soak is the steam that injects continuously in a short time some to a bite producing well, closing well a couple of daysAfter, then opening well and making production. Because the steam soak steam injection time is short, instant effect, good in economic efficiency, normal handle both at home and abroadA kind of mining type application of steam soak before as steam flooding. The another way of heat extraction by steam injection is steam flooding,By steam injection to flatly or in many mouthfuls of wells, by viscous crude heating, viscosity reducing larger underground viscosity, then in steamedUnder the effect of heating up in a steamer, crude oil is driven to contiguous many mouthfuls of producing well extraction. Steam flooding is to apply at present more thermal recovery skillArt, it has overcome the limited weakness of steam soak heating radius to a certain extent, and can continue provides heat to stratumAmount is to improve one of effective ways of recovery ratio after steam soak.
The most of viscous crude of China belongs to the Margin reservoir of thermal recovery technology, and development difficulty is very large, is mainly reflected in: oilLayer buries dark (mainly at 900m～1400m), can not ensure the high mass dryness fraction steam injection in shaft bottom; In addition the limit of oil reservoirEnd water is active, and the oil reservoir step-down of handling up easily causes water logging, and development effectiveness is poor. Particularly, China's major part is thick at presentOil has entered steam soak development late stage, in the low yield poor efficiency stage, at the bottom of limit the impact of water huge especially, thereforeUrgently change development scheme.
Indoor ratio PHYSICAL MODELING OF IN is that one of important content of engineering research is hidden in the oil recovery of thick oil filling steam heat, thanBetween example physical model and oil field prototype at the ratio of Length Ratio, force rate, velocity ratio, Temperature Difference Ratio and concentration difference,All there is identical numerical value. Thereby can accurately reflect oil recovery process in whole oil reservoir or part (unit) oil reservoirBehavioral characteristics and inject the sweep efficiency feature of fluid, and be widely used in mechanism research, optimization well pattern is joinedPut, note index and the technical limits of adopting parameter, prediction field conduct effect, for oil reservoir development conceptual design,On-the-spot reasonable implementation provides reliable foundation. But, existing viscous oil field operated by steam ratio physical simulating device,Exist following shortcoming or deficiency at physical simulation experiment:
(1) do not there is the analogue unit of water at the bottom of Bian Shui, end water or limit, can not carry out limit bottom water reservoir steam floodingPhysical simulation experiment research, at the bottom of limit, water is unclear on the impact of steam drive development effect, has directly affected Bian DishuiThe development of oil reservoir DP technology;
(2) low pressure model pressure only has 0.1MPa, larger with steam drive reservoir condition difference, can not be comprehensiveThe production feature of reflection viscous oil field operated by steam;
(3) High Pressure Model pressure can reach tens MPa, but model must be placed in hyperbaric chamber, complicated operation,Test period is long, has limited the progress of PHYSICAL MODELING OF IN, needs to expend a large amount of human and material resources simultaneously.
In order to adapt to the needs of real oil reservoir development, need a kind of stratigraphic oil pool actual conditions that can objectively respond badlyGeophysical exploration technology.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, the invention provides the physical analogy of a kind of heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportionsDevice and using method thereof, wherein limit Di Shui comprises Bian Shui and Di Shui.
According to the first technical scheme of the present invention, the physical analogy of a kind of heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportionsDevice comprises water pressure control module at the bottom of coolant-temperature gage control module at the bottom of injection unit, model ontology, limit, limit, mould7 parts such as type heat-insulation unit, output metering units, data acquisition and graphics processing unit;
Injection unit, for inject the moist steam of adjustable injection rate, temperature and mass dryness fraction in model ontology,Injection rate scope is 20cm3/min～100cm3/ min, temperature range are 120 DEG C～350 DEG C, mass dryness fraction scopeBe 20%～80%; Model ontology, for simulating actual oil reservoir, model ontology can be radially 360 °, axial 45 °Upset, can simulate arbitrarily angled stratigraphic dip; Coolant-temperature gage control module at the bottom of limit, for controlling the temperature of water body at the bottom of limitDegree, has intensification, cooling, temperature incubation function; Water pressure control module at the bottom of limit, for controlling the limit of water body at the bottom of limitThe pressure of end water, the size of water energy at the bottom of water pressure reflection limit at the bottom of limit, has constant pressure and pressure declineFunction;
Model heat-insulation unit, for heating up and thermostatic control to model ontology, the initial temperature condition of simulating oil deposit,It is the temperature before oil reservoir is unminded; Output metering units, for simulating the pressure control of producing well, produced fluidAfter cooling, be collected in graduated cylinder metering oil production, production fluid amount; For analyze steam injection recover the oil production dynamicFeature, i.e. oil production, production fluid amount, moisture content, gas oil ratio, recovery percent of reserves and the relation of time; Wherein oily vapourThan when the steam injection development oil reservoir, inject how many tons of steam and could exploit the ratio of one ton of crude oil; Recovery percent of reserves isAn oil reservoir development accounts for the percentage of original oil in place to interior cumulative recovery of arbitrary time; Data acquisition and figurePicture processing unit, for controlling water pressure at the bottom of limit, injection production pressure difference changes, temperature, pressure monitoring in model ontology,And generating in real time temperature field, pressure field pattern at computer, at the bottom of control limit, water pressure, injection production pressure difference change.
Particularly, model ontology comprise model ontology shell, thermal insulation layer, bottom aquifer and limit water layer, front and rear cover plate,Graphite pads, fastening bolt (black box), simulated injection well, simulation producing well, temperature sensor, pressureSensor and temperature sensor interface and pressure sensor interface; This model ontology shell be corrosion resistant plate welding andBecome cuboid housing and flange and cover plate are set respectively on cuboid housing front panel and rear board; Front panelOn cover plate on without interface, on the cover plate on rear board, have simulated injection well, simulation producing well, hot line even summation to drawPressure pipe interface; Between cover plate on cover plate and rear board on front panel and model ontology shell flange, adopt graphitePad, seals by fastening bolt; The inner side surrounding of model ontology shell is thermal insulation layer, has adopted high temperature resistantInorganic binder applies the heat-insulating material of hating profit with bonding.
Preferably, the flange quantity arranging respectively on cuboid housing front panel and rear board is two.
Further, the Injection Well of limit water layer and model ontology is positioned at homonymy, bottom aquifer be positioned at model ontology underPortion.
Preferably, the extraction well location of limit water layer and model ontology is in homonymy, and bottom aquifer is positioned at the bottom of model ontology.
Preferably, simulated injection well, simulation producing well are that diameter is the stainless steel tube of 6mm. The mould of slotting aboveIntend the perforated interval of on-the-spot Injection Well, producing well, the position of fluting is according to the perforation of on-the-spot Injection Well, producing wellWell section is determined after ratio modelling. Laying thermocouple and pressure-measuring-point in oil reservoir (horizontal spacing 5cm, longitudinallySpacing 2.5cm. Part outside model ontology internal edges water layer, bottom aquifer is " oil reservoir "), in real timeTemperature field, pressure field development condition in monitoring steam flooding physical simulation experiment; Temperature sensor is in oil reservoir insideDistribute 9 × 21, distribute each 1 at bottom aquifer, limit water layer or limit bottom aquifer. Pressure sensor at oilLayer is inner to distribute 5 × 6, distributes each 1 at bottom aquifer, limit water layer or limit bottom aquifer.
Further, injection unit comprise water source, high-precision flow pump (flow accuracy is not more than 1.0%), canControl mass dryness fraction steam generator, water source connects the arrival end of high-precision flow pump, and high-precision measuring delivery side of pump end connectsConnect the arrival end of controlled mass dryness fraction steam generator, the port of export link model body of controlled mass dryness fraction steam generatorSimulated injection well arrival end; In 0.5 meter of controlled mass dryness fraction steam generator steam (vapor) outlet range simulation Injection Well.
Preferably, at the bottom of limit, coolant-temperature gage control module comprises heat exchanger, pipeline, circulator bath, and heat exchanger is positioned at limitThe inside of bottom aquifer (limit water layer is positioned at a side of model ontology, and bottom aquifer is positioned at the bottom of model ontology),Circulator bath is positioned at model ontology rear, and the port of export of circulator bath is connected with the entrance of heat exchanger, heat exchangerThe port of export be connected with the arrival end of circulator bath, circulator bath, heat exchanger, pipeline form loop, realize waterCirculation, for controlling the temperature of water at the bottom of limit.
Preferably, at the bottom of limit, water pressure control module comprises pressure sensor, buffer container, high-precision flow pump,Buffer container and high-precision measuring pump (flow accuracy is not more than 1.0%) are positioned at the right side of model ontology, at the bottom of limitThe arrival end of water layer is connected with the port of export of buffer container, buffer container upper end Bonding pressure table, buffer containerArrival end is connected with high-precision measuring delivery side of pump end.
Preferably, model heat-insulation unit comprises temperature sensor, heater, muff, temperature controller, protectsTemperature cover is positioned at the outside of model ontology, the opposite flank of heater muff inside, and temperature controller is positioned at modelOne side of body, temperature sensor, heater are connected with temperature controller.
Preferably, output metering units comprises cooler, back-pressure valve, liquid header (graduated cylinder), extraction wellThe port of export be connected with the arrival end of back-pressure valve, back-pressure valve top connects source of the gas, Pressure gauge, back-pressure valve bottomBelow the port of export, place graduated cylinder, graduated cylinder is collected produced fluid.
Preferably, data acquisition and graphics processing unit comprise hardware and software two parts, and hardware comprises that temperature passesSensor, pressure sensor, data acquisition module, microcomputer, the holding wire of temperature sensor, pressure sensor withData acquisition module connects, and data acquisition module is connected with microcomputer.
According to the present invention's the second technical scheme, provide a kind of heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions physics mouldIntend the using method of device:
The first step, sets up heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions physical model. Installation simulated injection well,Water pressure control module at the bottom of coolant-temperature gage control module, limit at the bottom of simulation producing well, limit, limit bottom aquifer (water layer position, limitA side in model ontology, bottom aquifer is positioned at the bottom of model ontology) (only simulate the situation of end water, noNeed limit water layer; The situation of mould limit water, does not need bottom aquifer; The situation of water at the bottom of simulation limit, limit water layer, the endWater layer exists simultaneously), load oil reservoir sand, model ontology front shroud is installed, the sealing of bolting on.
Second step, flow process connects. Injection unit is connected with the simulated injection well of model ontology, output metering unitsBe connected pressure sensor, temperature sensor, data acquisition module, successively with the simulation producing well of model ontologyBe connected with microcomputer. (specifically concept is agreed to only have simulated injection well, simulation producing well. Simulated injection wellBe connected with injection unit, simulation producing well with just go out metering units and be connected. )
The 3rd step, sets up initial temperature of reservoir condition. Start model heat-insulation unit, heat up and perseverance to model ontologyTemperature control, the initial temperature condition of simulating oil deposit.
The 4th step, simulation oil reservoir saturation water, the pore volume of mensuration oil reservoir.
The 5th step, simulation oil reservoir saturated oils, water pressure control module at the bottom of startup limit, the pressure of water at the bottom of control limit,Obtain simulating the initial pressure condition of the initial oil saturation of oil reservoir and simulation oil reservoir.
The 6th step, steam injection is recovered the oil, and injection rate is (20～100cm3/ min), temperature be (120～350 DEG C), mass dryness fraction is the moist steam of (20～80%), output metering units is collected produced fluid. Limit Di ShuiThe situation of change that pressure control is produced pressure according to Oil Field is carried out.
The 7th step, produced fluid separates. Measure output oil mass, the output water yield, output liquid measure, gas oil ratio, adoptGo out degree.
The 8th step, analyzes the characteristic of production dynamic that steam injection is recovered the oil. Be oil production, production fluid amount, moisture content, oilThe relation curve rule of vapour ratio, recovery percent of reserves and time.
Heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions physical simulating device of the present invention and using method, for visitingRope limit bottom water reservoir Mechanism of steam flooding, at the bottom of Bian Shui, end water or the limit of understanding oil reservoir, water is to steam driving exploitation effectImpact, the temperature field development characteristics of Bian Shui, end water or heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding, production feature, instructBian Shui, end water or heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam drive development. The present invention compared with prior art, has followingAdvantage:
(1) Bian Shui, end water or the physical analogy of heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding have been realized;
(2) can simulate 5 points, 7 points, 9 points, line pattern, the combination of straight well-horizontal well, model ontology canRadially 360 °, axial 45 ° of upsets, can simulated formation inclination angle.
(3) heat insulation, the injection-production well heat insulation structure of model ontology original creation. Temperature up to 350 DEG C of conditions under,Oil reservoir to lid, the simulation of bottom heat and mass accurately.
(4) realized steam soak, steam flooding interlock physical analogy, can carry out layer steam injection, layering simultaneouslyRecover the oil and close that note point is adopted, the physical simulation experiment of separated injection and combined recovery.
(5) water pressure at the bottom of limit, temperature are controlled;
(6) steam injection mass dryness fraction is controlled;
(7) can be big or small according to theory of similarity calculating and simulating oil deposit elasticity, objective description steam soak is dynamically specialLevy, recovery percent of reserves and remaining oil distribution feature.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is according to heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions physical simulating device schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that five-spot pattern is arranged schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that seven spot pattern is arranged schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is that nine-spot pattern is arranged schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that line pattern is arranged schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is straight well-Horizontal Well network arrangements schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is injection unit schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is model ontology schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 is coolant-temperature gage control module schematic diagram at the bottom of limit;
Figure 10 is water pressure control module schematic diagram at the bottom of limit;
Figure 11 is model preservation and controlling cell schematics;
Figure 12 is output metering units schematic diagram;
Figure 13 is data acquisition and graphics processing unit schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clearlyChu, intactly description, obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, instead ofWhole embodiment. Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creativenessThe every other embodiment obtaining under work prerequisite, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
In the accompanying drawings, Reference numeral instruction is as follows: 101 injection units, 102 model ontologies, 103 end water temperaturesDegree control module, 104 end water pressure control modules, 105 data acquisitions and graphics processing unit, 106 outputsMetering units, 107 model preservation and controlling unit, 701 water sources, 702 high-pressure metering pumps, 703 steam generationsDevice, 801 simulated injection wells, 802 limit water, 803 limit water permeable formations, 804 model ontology thermal insulation layers, 805End water, 806 bolts, 807 simulation producing wells, 808 pressure monitoring points (connecting pipe), 809 temperature monitoringsPoint (thermocouple), 810 end water permeable formation 901 circulator baths, 902 end water, 903 first temperature sensors,904 heat exchangers, 1001 pressure sensors, 1,002 first Pressure gauges, 1003 buffer containers, 1004 limit water,Revolve at 1005 high-pressure metering pumps, 1,101 second temperature sensors, 1102 the 3rd temperature controllers, 1103 centersRotating shaft, 1104 muffs, 1105 model ontologies, 1106 heaters, 1201 model ontologies, 1202 mouldsIntend producing well, 1203 back-pressure valves, 1,204 second Pressure gauges, 1205 sources of the gas, 1206 coolers, 1207Graduated cylinder, 1301 microcomputers, 1302 data acquisition modules, 1303 pressure sensors, 1304 the 4th TEMPsDevice. In Fig. 2-5, " △ " represents that Injection Well, "○" represent producing well. In Fig. 6, "-" representsHorizontal well "○" represents straight well.
In more detail, with reference to also further illustrating by reference to the accompanying drawings, be according to water viscous crude at the bottom of limit of the present invention at Fig. 1Reservoir With Steam drives in dimensional proportions physical simulating device, and the position relationship of bottom aquifer and limit water layer can be: firstKind of position relationship is that the Injection Well of limit water layer and model ontology is positioned at homonymy, bottom aquifer be positioned at model ontology underPortion; The second position relationship be the extraction well location of limit water layer and model ontology in homonymy, bottom aquifer be positioned at model thisThe bottom of body. The second position relationship is Injection Well and extraction well with respect to the change point of the first position relationshipTransposition.
As shown in Fig. 1-Figure 13, Fig. 1 is according to heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions of the present inventionPhysical simulating device, heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions physical simulating device of the present invention, comprises noteEnter water pressure control module at the bottom of coolant-temperature gage control module at the bottom of unit, model ontology, limit, limit, model heat-insulation unit,7 parts such as output metering units, data acquisition and graphics processing unit.
Injection unit is (20～100cm for injection rate in model ontology3/ min), temperature be (120～350 DEG C), mass dryness fraction is the moist steam of (20～80%), injection rate, temperature, mass dryness fraction is adjustable.
Model ontology, for simulating actual oil reservoir, radially 360 °, axial 45 ° of upsets of model ontology, can mouldIntend arbitrarily angled stratigraphic dip. Schematic diagram is arranged for well pattern in Fig. 2-6, and its well pattern arrangement has 5 points, sevenPoint, 9 points, line pattern and straight well-horizontal well combination (as shown in Fig. 2-6). The note of five-spot pattern, adoptWell is uniformly distributed, and position, adjacent well point forms square, and steam injection well, at the foursquare center of producing well, forms oneIndividual flooding unit, injection-to-producing well ratio example is 1:1; Seven spot pattern is pressed on each well array of equilateral triangle well pattern layoutBetween adjacent two mouthfuls of producing wells, press from both sides two mouthfuls of steam injection wells, the center of the equilateral triangle being made up of three mouthfuls of producing wells is flatlySteam injection well. Every mouthful of steam injection well is to around three mouthfuls of producing wells are relevant, and every mouthful of producing well is affected by six mouthfuls of steam injection wells. ItsInjection-to-producing well ratio is 2:1; Each unit of nine-spot pattern is a square, centre have a bite producing well andEight mouthfuls of steam injection wells of periphery. Four-hole steam injection well is on foursquare four angles, and four-hole steam injection well is at foursquare fourBian Shang. The ratio of injection-production well number is 3:1; The note of line pattern, to adopt well Rankine-Hugoniot relations be row's producing well, a rowSteam injection well, steam injection well and producing well form rectangle, and injection-production well ratio is 1:1; Straight well-horizontal well combinationFor horizontal well is beaten in the centre of two row straight wells, and be positioned at the bottom of oil reservoir, adopt two row straight well steam injections, horizontal wellProduce.
Coolant-temperature gage control module at the bottom of limit, for controlling the temperature of water body at the bottom of limit, has intensification, constant temperature, cooling meritEnergy.
Water pressure control module at the bottom of limit, for controlling the pressure of water at the bottom of limit, water body energy at the bottom of water pressure reflection limit at the bottom of limitThe size of amount, has the function of constant pressure, pressure decline.
Model heat-insulation unit, for heating up and thermostatic control to model ontology, the initial temperature condition of simulating oil deposit,It is the temperature before oil reservoir is unminded.
Output metering units, cooling for produced fluid, and produce pressure control, collect produced fluid,Metering output oil, the water yield, analyze the characteristic of production dynamic that steam injection is recovered the oil, i.e. oil production, production fluid amount, moistureThe relation of rate, gas oil ratio, recovery percent of reserves and time. When wherein gas oil ratio is steam injection development oil reservoir, injection is manyFew ton steam could be exploited the ratio of one ton of crude oil; Recovery percent of reserves is that an oil reservoir development is accumulated to arbitrary timeOil production accounts for the percentage of original oil in place.
Data acquisition and graphics processing unit, for temperature, pressure monitoring in model ontology, and real at computerShi Shengcheng temperature field, pressure field pattern, at the bottom of control limit, water pressure, injection production pressure difference change.
Further, injection unit as shown in Figure 7, injection unit comprises water source 701, high-pressure metering pump702, steam generator water source 703. Described high-pressure metering pump 702 can be that high-precision flow pump, steam are sent outRaw device water source 703 can be controlled mass dryness fraction steam generator, and water source connects the arrival end of high-precision flow pump,High-precision measuring delivery side of pump end connects the arrival end of controlled mass dryness fraction steam generator, controlled mass dryness fraction steam generatorThe Injection Well arrival end of port of export link model body; Controlled mass dryness fraction steam generator steam (vapor) outlet is apart from injectionIn 0.5 meter, well.
Model ontology as shown in Figure 8, this model ontology shell is the cuboid housing that corrosion resistant plate is weldedAnd flange and cover plate are set respectively on cuboid housing front panel and rear board; On cover plate on front panel, nothing connectsMouthful, on the cover plate on rear board, there are simulated injection well, simulation producing well, temperature sensor and pressure guiding pipe interface;Between cover plate on cover plate and rear board on front panel and model ontology shell flange, adopt graphite pads, by tightlyFixing bolt seals; The inner side surrounding of model ontology shell is thermal insulation layer, has adopted refractory inorganic binderApply the heat-insulating material of hating profit with bonding.
Simulated injection well, simulation producing well are the stainless steel tube that diameter is 6mm. The simulated field of slotting aboveThe perforated interval of Injection Well, producing well, the position of fluting is according to the perforated interval warp of on-the-spot Injection Well, producing wellAfter ratio modelling, determine. In oil reservoir, lay thermocouple and pressure-measuring-point, thermocouple and pressure-measuring-point horizontal spacing5cm, thermocouple and pressure-measuring-point longitudinal pitch 3.5cm or 2.5cm. Model ontology internal edges water layer, Di ShuiPart outside layer is " oil reservoir ", for temperature field, the pressure of Real-Time Monitoring steam flooding physical simulation experimentField development condition.
Temperature sensor, 9 × 21 of the inner distributions of oil reservoir, distributes at bottom aquifer, limit water layer or limit bottom aquiferEach 1. Pressure sensor distribute 5 × 6 oil reservoir is inner, at bottom aquifer, limit water layer or limit bottom aquiferDistribute each 1.
Coolant-temperature gage control module at the bottom of limit as shown in Figure 9, at the bottom of limit coolant-temperature gage control module comprise heat exchanger, pipeline,Circulator bath, heat exchanger is positioned at the inside of limit bottom aquifer, and circulator bath is positioned at model ontology one side, circulator bathThe port of export be connected with the entrance of heat exchanger, the port of export of heat exchanger is connected with the arrival end of circulator bath, structureBecome loop.
Water pressure control module at the bottom of limit as shown in figure 10, at the bottom of limit water pressure control module comprise pressure sensor,Buffer container, high-precision flow pump, buffer container and high-precision measuring pump are positioned at a side of model ontology, at the bottom of limitThe arrival end of water layer is connected with the port of export of buffer container, buffer container upper end Bonding pressure table, buffer containerArrival end is connected with high-precision measuring delivery side of pump end.
Model heat-insulation unit as shown in figure 11, model heat-insulation unit comprises temperature sensor, heater, guarantorTemperature cover, temperature controller, muff is positioned at the outside of model ontology, the opposite flank of heater muff inside,Temperature controller is positioned at a side of model ontology, and temperature sensor, heater are connected with temperature controller.
Output metering units as shown in figure 12, output metering units comprises cooler, back-pressure valve, liquid receiptsStorage (graduated cylinder), the simulation port of export of producing well and the arrival end of back-pressure valve are connected, and back-pressure valve top connects gasSource, Pressure gauge, place graduated cylinder below the port of export of back-pressure valve bottom.
Data acquisition as shown in figure 13 and graphics processing unit, data acquisition and graphics processing unit comprise firmlyPart and software two parts, hardware comprises temperature sensor, pressure sensor, data acquisition module, microcomputer, temperatureThe holding wire of degree sensor, pressure sensor is connected with data acquisition module, and data acquisition module is connected with microcomputer.
Use the specific experiment step of heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions physical simulating device of the present inventionRapid as follows:
The first step, sets up heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions physical model. Installation simulated injection well,Water pressure control module at the bottom of coolant-temperature gage control module, limit at the bottom of simulation producing well, limit, limit bottom aquifer (water layer position, limitA side in model ontology, bottom aquifer is positioned at the bottom of model ontology) (only simulate the situation of end water, noNeed limit water layer; The situation of mould limit water, does not need bottom aquifer; The situation of water at the bottom of simulation limit, limit water layer, the endWater layer exists simultaneously), load oil reservoir sand, model ontology front shroud is installed, the sealing of bolting on.
Second step, flow process connects. Injection unit is connected with the simulated injection well of model ontology, output metering unitsBe connected with the simulation producing well of model ontology, pressure sensor, temperature sensor, data acquisition module successively withMicrocomputer connects. Simulated injection well is connected with injection unit, simulation producing well with just go out metering units and be connected.
The 3rd step, sets up initial temperature of reservoir condition. Start model heat-insulation unit, heat up and perseverance to model ontologyTemperature control, the initial temperature condition of simulating oil deposit.
The 4th step, simulation oil reservoir saturation water, the pore volume of mensuration oil reservoir.
The 5th step, simulation oil reservoir saturated oils, water pressure control module at the bottom of startup limit, the pressure of water at the bottom of control limit,Obtain simulating the initial pressure condition of the initial oil saturation of oil reservoir and simulation oil reservoir.
The 6th step, steam injection is recovered the oil, and injection rate is (20～100cm3/ min), temperature be (120～350 DEG C), mass dryness fraction is the moist steam of (20～80%), output metering units is collected produced fluid. Limit Di ShuiThe situation of change that pressure control is produced pressure according to Oil Field is carried out.
The 7th step, produced fluid separates. Measure output oil mass, the output water yield, output liquid measure, gas oil ratio, adoptGo out degree.
The 8th step, analyzes the characteristic of production dynamic that steam injection is recovered the oil. Be oil production, production fluid amount, moisture content, oilThe relation curve rule of vapour ratio, recovery percent of reserves and time.
The following Research foundation of the technical scheme of foregoing invention based on following present inventor realized, thisBright Research foundation described below and invention technical scheme recited above organically combine:
One, the operation principle of limit bottom water reservoir steam flooding dimensional proportions physical analogy
Ratio physical analogy according to being similarity criterion, according to steam flooding ratio physical analogy similarity criterion, by oilHide former shape parameter and change, obtain a set of model control parameter, design is set up and oil reservoir prototype on this basisSimilar limit bottom water reservoir steam flooding dimensional proportions physical model. According to limit water, bottom water reservoir accumulative total water influx meterCalculate formula, calculate limit water, bottom water reservoir accumulative total water influx. Model parameter is brought into Bian Shui, end water accumulative total waterThe amount of invading computing formula, obtains model Bian Shui, end water accumulative total water influx.
L-well spacing;
The R-likelihood ratio;
M-physical model;
F-oil field prototype;
Δ ρ-oily vapour density is poor;
Δ P-producing pressure differential;
The t-time;
α-thermal diffusion coefficient;
Q-injection rate;
K-permeability;
P-pressure;
T-temperature.
Two, totally water influx computational methods are as follows for Bian Shui, bottom water reservoir:
1, limit water oil reservoir
B=φbhLCe
(1) infinite linear contributing region
(2) limited linear contributing region, edge sealing external boundary
(3) limited linear contributing region, external boundary pressure drop is constant
Limit water level is beyond oil reservoir oil-containing (gas) external boundary, and the direction of invading oil reservoir is mainly horizontal direction. LimitWater invasion is relevant with factors such as production well proration, Reservoir Distribution, plain heterogeneity, limit water Living spaces.
2, bottom water reservoir
Ce=Cw+Cf
End water level, in oil reservoir oil-containing (gas) external boundary, is directly holding in the palm oil (gas) from bottom, invade directionFor vertical, i.e. bottom water coning. Along with the operation of oil well, the shape of oil-water interfaces will change, and form graduallyCone. The rate of climb of cone depends on the size of this some place potential gradient value and the vertical infiltration of this place's rockRate, the lifting height of cone depends on the balance because of the poor gravity causing of water oil density and lateral pressure gradient.
In formula:
We---accumulative total water influx, 104m3；
Q(tD)---zero dimension water influx;
Δ P---oil reservoir overall presure drop, MPa;
L---well spacing, m;
B---water invasion coefficient;
tD---non dimensional time;
rD---zero dimension radius;
Ce---pool system compressibility, MPa-1；
Cw---the water compressed coefficient, MPa-1；
Cf---rock compressibility, MPa-1；
rwr---end water radius, m;
H---core intersection, m;
φ---pool rock porosity;
Kw---pool effective permeability, 10-3μm2；
μw---water viscosity, mPas.
Three, the control method of water at the bottom of physical simulation experiment Bian Shui, Di Shui, limit
1, limit water oil reservoir
(1) infinite linear contributing region
Because limit water is infinite linear contributing region, the pressure of limit water can not reduce. Therefore, the pressure in pool, limit withOil reservoir initial pressure is identical, and adopts computer control high-precision flow pump, keeps pool, limit constant pressure.
(2) limited linear contributing region, edge sealing external boundary
Because limit water is limited linear contributing region, edge sealing external boundary, does not have supply, the pressure natural depletion of limit water.Therefore, the pressure in pool, limit is identical with oil reservoir initial pressure, and high-precision flow pump does not supply water, pool, limit pressure withThe variation of the injection production pressure difference of simulating oil reservoir and change.
(3) limited linear contributing region, external boundary pressure drop is constant
Because limit water is limited linear contributing region, external boundary pressure drop is constant. Therefore, the pressure in pool, limit and oilTibetan initial pressure is identical, adopts computer control high-precision flow pump, and the pressure drop in pool, limit is constant.
2, bottom water reservoir
Calculate the accumulative total water influx of producing pressure differential, production time and the end water of model, adopt computer control rawProduce the water influx speed of pressure reduction rate of change and end water.
3, limit bottom water reservoir
The accumulative total water influx that calculates water at the bottom of producing pressure differential, production time and the limit of model, adopts computer controlThe water influx speed of water at the bottom of producing pressure differential rate of change and limit.
Four, physical simulation experiment for Bian Shui, Di Shui, limit at the bottom of the temperature, pressure monitoring point of water arrange
1, limit water oil reservoir
Horizontal direction temperature prison temperature sensor and the pressure sensor of corresponding injection-production well perforation position are encrypted, and pass throughRate temperature change and pressure field change identification edge water incursion radius.
2, bottom water reservoir
Oil reservoir longitudinal temperature prison temperature sensor and pressure sensor are encrypted, by rate temperature change and pressure fieldChange identification end water and immerse height.
3, limit bottom water reservoir
Horizontal direction, longitudinal temperature prison temperature sensor and the pressure sensor of corresponding injection-production well perforation position all addClose, change identification edge and bottom water invasion radius and height by rate temperature change and pressure field.
Obviously above-described embodiment only for clearly illustrate that the present invention does for example, and be not the limit to embodimentFixed. For those of ordinary skill in the field, on the basis of the above description, can also make otherMulti-form variation or variation, here without also giving exhaustive to all embodiments. Amplify thusApparent variation or variation still among the protection domain in the invention.
Claims (5)
1. a heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions physical simulating device, it comprise injection unit,Water pressure control module, model heat-insulation unit, output meter at the bottom of coolant-temperature gage control module, limit at the bottom of model ontology, limitAmount unit and data acquisition and graphics processing unit;
Injection unit, for inject the moist steam of adjustable injection rate, temperature and mass dryness fraction in model ontology,The injection rate scope of moist steam is 20cm3/min～100cm3/ min, temperature range be 120 DEG C～350 DEG C,Mass dryness fraction scope is 20%～80%;
Model ontology, for simulating actual oil reservoir, radially 360 °, axial 45 ° of upsets of model ontology,Can simulate arbitrarily angled stratigraphic dip; Wherein model ontology comprise model ontology shell, thermal insulation layer, bottom aquifer andLimit water layer, front and rear cover plate, graphite pads, fastening bolt, simulated injection well, simulation producing well, TEMPDevice, pressure sensor and temperature sensor interface and pressure sensor interface; This model ontology shell is stainless steelThe cuboid housing that plate is welded and flange and lid are set respectively on cuboid housing front panel and rear boardPlate; On cover plate on front panel without interface, on the cover plate on rear board, have simulated injection well, simulation producing well,Hot line even summation pressure guiding pipe interface; Cover plate on cover plate and rear board on front panel and model ontology shell flange itBetween adopt graphite pads, seal by fastening bolt; The inner side surrounding of model ontology shell is thermal insulation layer, adoptsWith refractory inorganic binder apply with bonding and hate the heat-insulating material of profit; Simulated injection well, simulation lifeProduce well and be the stainless steel tube that diameter is 6mm; Slot the above perforated hole of simulated field Injection Well, producing wellSection, the position of fluting is determined after ratio modelling according to the perforated interval of on-the-spot Injection Well, producing well; In oil reservoirLay thermocouple and pressure-measuring-point, thermocouple and pressure-measuring-point horizontal spacing 5cm, thermocouple and pressure-measuring-point are verticalTo spacing 3.5cm or 2.5cm; Part outside model ontology internal edges water layer, bottom aquifer is " oil reservoir ",Thermocouple steams for Real-Time Monitoring for temperature field, the pressure-measuring-point of Real-Time Monitoring steam flooding physical simulation experimentVapour drives the pressure field development condition in physical simulation experiment; Temperature sensor distributes 9 × 21 in oil reservoir inside,Distribute each 1 at bottom aquifer, limit water layer; Described pressure sensor distributes 5 × 6 in oil reservoir inside,Bottom aquifer, limit water layer distribute each 1;
Coolant-temperature gage control module at the bottom of limit, for controlling the temperature of water body at the bottom of limit, there is the limit of making at the bottom of water body heat up, fallThe function of temperature, constant temperature;
Water pressure control module at the bottom of limit, for controlling the pressure of water at the bottom of the limit of water body at the bottom of limit, has water perseverance at the bottom of the limit of makingThe function of constant-pressure and pressure decline, the size of water energy at the bottom of water pressure reflection limit at the bottom of limit;
Model heat-insulation unit, for heating up and thermostatic control to model ontology, before the oil reservoir of simulating oil deposit is unmindedTemperature regime;
Output metering units is collected in model ontology produced fluid in graduated cylinder after cooling, metering oil production,Production fluid amount, for simulating the pressure control of producing well; Be used for analyzing the characteristic of production dynamic that steam injection is recovered the oil,Oil production, production fluid amount, moisture content, gas oil ratio, recovery percent of reserves and the relation of time; Wherein gas oil ratio is note steamingWhen vapour exploitation oil reservoir, inject how many tons of steam and could exploit the ratio of one ton of crude oil; Recovery percent of reserves is an oil reservoirExploitation accounts for the percentage of original oil in place to interior cumulative recovery of arbitrary time;
Data acquisition and graphics processing unit, for control that water pressure at the bottom of limit, injection production pressure difference change and model thisTemperature, pressure monitoring in body, and generate in real time temperature field, pressure field pattern at computer.
2. heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions physical simulating device according to claim 1,It is characterized in that, at the bottom of described limit, coolant-temperature gage control module comprises heat exchanger, pipeline, circulator bath, heat exchanger positionIn the inside of limit bottom aquifer, limit water layer is positioned at a side of model ontology, and bottom aquifer is positioned at the end of model ontologyPortion, circulator bath is positioned at model ontology rear, and the port of export of circulator bath is connected with the entrance of heat exchanger, changesThe port of export of hot device is connected with the arrival end of circulator bath, and circulator bath, heat exchanger, pipeline form loop, realExisting water circulation, for controlling the temperature of water at the bottom of limit.
3. heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions physical simulating device according to claim 1,It is characterized in that, described output metering units comprises cooler, back-pressure valve, graduated cylinder, the outlet of simulation producing wellEnd is connected with the arrival end of back-pressure valve, and back-pressure valve top connects source of the gas, Pressure gauge, the port of export of back-pressure valve bottomPlace graduated cylinder below, graduated cylinder is collected produced fluid.
4. heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions physical simulating device according to claim 1,It is characterized in that, described data acquisition and graphics processing unit comprise hardware and software two parts, and hardware comprises temperatureDegree sensor, pressure sensor, data acquisition module, microcomputer, the signal of temperature sensor, pressure sensorLine is connected with data acquisition module, and data acquisition module is connected with microcomputer.
5. arbitrary described heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions thing of a right to use requirement 1-4The method of reason analogue means, it comprises the steps:
The first step, set up heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water steam flooding dimensional proportions physical model: installation simulated injection well,Water pressure control module at the bottom of coolant-temperature gage control module, limit at the bottom of simulation producing well, limit, limit bottom aquifer comprises limit water layerAnd bottom aquifer, limit water layer is positioned at a side of model ontology, and bottom aquifer is positioned at the bottom of model ontology, loadsOil reservoir sand, installs model ontology front shroud, the sealing of bolting on;
Second step, flow process connects: injection unit is connected with the simulated injection well of model ontology, output metering unitsBe connected pressure sensor, temperature sensor, data acquisition module, successively with the simulation producing well of model ontologyBe connected with microcomputer;
The 3rd step, sets up initial temperature of reservoir condition: start model heat-insulation unit, heat up and perseverance to model ontologyTemperature control, the initial temperature condition of simulating oil deposit;
The 4th step, simulation oil reservoir saturation water, the pore volume of mensuration oil reservoir;
The 5th step, simulation oil reservoir saturated oils, water pressure control module at the bottom of startup limit, the pressure of water at the bottom of control limit,Obtain simulating the initial pressure condition of the initial oil saturation of oil reservoir and simulation oil reservoir;
The 6th step, steam injection is recovered the oil, and injection rate is 20cm3/min～100cm3/ min, temperature be 120 DEG C～The moist steam that 350 DEG C, mass dryness fraction are 20%～80%, output metering units is collected produced fluid; Water pressure at the bottom of limitControl according to the situation of change of Oil Field production pressure and carry out;
The 7th step, produced fluid separates: measure output oil mass, the output water yield, output liquid measure, gas oil ratio, adoptGo out degree;
The 8th step, analyzes the characteristic of production dynamic that steam injection is recovered the oil, characteristic of production dynamic be oil production, production fluid amount,The relation curve rule of moisture content, gas oil ratio, recovery percent of reserves and time.
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