CN206830171U - A kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall - Google Patents
A kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall Download PDFInfo
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- CN206830171U CN206830171U CN201720686540.9U CN201720686540U CN206830171U CN 206830171 U CN206830171 U CN 206830171U CN 201720686540 U CN201720686540 U CN 201720686540U CN 206830171 U CN206830171 U CN 206830171U
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000012612 static experiment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
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Abstract
A kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall, including:Main box:It is set in outside rotating cylinder, and the static experiment face that one side is used for simulation fracture is comprised at least inside main box;Rotating cylinder:Including multiple dynamic experiment faces for being used to simulate different mill resistances, the rotating cylinder is axially disposed within main box by rotating shaft to be rotated;The dynamic experiment face is relative with the static experiment face when be arrangeding in parallel, forms simulation fracture, the axial boundary sealed set of the simulation fracture between the two.In the utility model, when making simulation fracture, fixed rotating cylinder, sealed in the axial boundary to simulation fracture using sealing strip, making simulation fracture, both sides keep sealing state up and down, and guarantee carries out water-tight during mill resistance experiment.
Description
Technical field
A kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall is the utility model is related to, belongs to oil, natural gas extraction
During hydraulic fracturing technical field.
Background technology
Hydraulic fracturing is the important technical of well production increment transformation, and either conventional hyposmosis, extra-low permeability are oily
Gas reservoir, or the shale of untraditional reservoir, tight sandstone reservoir, hydraulic fracturing all play the production-increasing function of key, especially
Unconventional reservoir, does not use fracturing technique, and the oil gas of underground is difficult to mined.Hydraulic fracturing is exactly to utilize high pressure pump group, will
Fracturing fluid is pumped into stratum, and forming one or more in the earth formation has the crack of certain physical dimension, and fracture length is typically from several
Ten meters to hundreds of meters, the height highly from several meters to tens meters, the several mm wides of width.Then by the load fluid (pressure with proppant
Split the mixture of liquid and proppant) it is injected into crack.After pressure break terminates, fracturing liquid rubber-breaking, which returns, is discharged to ground, and proppant is staying in
In crack, play a part of supporting crack, keep crack to be in open configuration, the hole between proppant particles is hydrocarbon stratum
Water provides circulation passage, so as to play the effect of fracturing yield increasing.
Crack mill resistance is objective reality in pressure break, and mill resistance of the fracturing fluid in crack is to pressure break generation in fracturing process
Large effect, the physical dimension, shape and flow conductivity in crack can be changed.Crack wall is rough rock wall,
So that fracturing fluid is during hydraulic energy is transmitted, because the resistance of hydraulically rough surface causes energy loss, for making having for seam
Imitating pressure reduces, it is necessary to pressing crack construction needs could be met by improving discharge capacity, adds the burden of working barrel.Coarse sides of fracture
Face, there is Strong shear effect for fracturing fluid, cause fracturing fluid to occur viscosity decline during sand is taken, proppant settled
It hurry up, it is difficult to form favourable laying concentration in the horizontal direction, be also unfavorable for forming effective long crack, and then influence pressure break effect
Fruit.Therefore the mill resistance of research crack has great importance for more preferable pressing crack construction.
Traditional crack mill resistance test device, the cavity of predominantly one cuboid, built-in different mill baffle-walls are tested,
, it is necessary to open casing after experiment terminates, take out mill baffle-wall and change, process wastes time and energy, not easy to operate.
Utility model content
For deficiency of the prior art, the utility model provides a kind of automatic experiment dress for changing the mill resistance of crack wall
Put.
The technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
A kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall, including:
Main box:It is set in outside rotating cylinder, and comprises at least one side inside main box and be used for the static state of simulation fracture in fact
Test face;
Rotating cylinder:Including multiple dynamic experiment faces for being used to simulate different mill resistances, the rotating cylinder is axially disposed within by rotating shaft
Rotated in main box;The dynamic experiment face is relative with the static experiment face when be arrangeding in parallel, forms simulation between the two and splits
Seam, the axial boundary sealed set of the simulation fracture.In the utility model, when making simulation fracture, fixed rotating cylinder,
Sealed in the axial boundary to simulation fracture using sealing strip, making simulation fracture, both sides keep sealing state up and down, ensure to carry out
It is water-tight during mill resistance experiment.
It is preferable according to the utility model, rotating cylinder axial rotation in the main box by hand cranking handle.
It is preferable according to the utility model, the groove for fixing gravel is provided with the dynamic experiment face.
Preferable according to the utility model, the groove is cement tub.In the utility model, dynamic experiment face upper surface
Cement tub is provided with, for laying gravel, smears cement to fix gravel, simulates the crack inner surface of different mill resistances.In reality
When testing, it is parallel with main box inwall to adjust the wherein experiment face of rotating cylinder, makes to produce mould between main box inwall and dynamic experiment face
Intend crack, the width of the simulation fracture is 2~12mm, so that Experimental Flowing Object passes through.
It is preferable according to the utility model, the main box generally cuboid, opened wherein on an oblong lateral surface
Conjunction is provided with protecgulum, and the protecgulum includes the sealed frame for being inlaid with static experiment face.In the utility model, the main box is
One rectangular box body, including a cavity, are large enough to hold rotating cylinder and are rotated wherein.In the utility model, main box
Upper lid also uses open cap design, consolidates for laying gravel in the cement tub of rotating cylinder, and using cement or other binding materials
After fixed, reversing drum, the mill resistance layer that different mills hinder parameters is set gradually.Meanwhile the static experiment face of the protecgulum can also be with institute
State mill resistance layer to be arranged in parallel to form simulation fracture relatively, passed through for Experimental Flowing Object to carry out mill resistance experiment.
It is preferable according to the utility model, the static experiment face generally transparent visual window., can be with the utility model
Experimental Flowing Object is observed by the transparent visual window, such as transport conditions of the proppant around mill resistance layer gravel.
It is preferable according to the utility model, on another oblong lateral surface of the main box folding be provided with bonnet.This
The advantages of design, is, after mill resistance experiment is completed, resistance layer will be ground described in dynamic experiment face respectively by bonnet and removed.
Frosted
Preferable according to the utility model, the rotating cylinder is cuboid, and its four rectangular side walls are respectively to have difference
Grind four dynamic experiment faces of resistance.In the utility model, described rotating cylinder is also rectangular parallelepiped structure, and centre is provided with one and turned
Axle so that rotating cylinder can be rotated around it, and shaft end has a hand cranking handle, and the position of rotating cylinder is adjusted by the way of manual.
It is preferable according to the utility model, it is provided with the main box and position corresponding with the protecgulum for fixing
The neck in dynamic experiment face.
Preferable according to the utility model, the outer rim of the neck is adapted with the external Circular test that the rotating cylinder rotates;
The sealed frame of the protecgulum is connected with the outside of the neck by fixing seal part.The advantages of designing herein is, is
Rotating cylinder freely rotates in main box and provides enough spaces, and can realize simulation fracture simultaneously.
It is preferable according to the utility model, set at axial both ends of the main box and being connected respectively with the simulation fracture
It is equipped with pressure gauge.In the utility model, the axial direction of the simulation fracture inside main box is provided at both ends with pressure gauge, for testing reality
Test fluid flowed in simulation fracture existing for pressure differential, know pressure loss amount.
Such as method of work of above-mentioned experimental provision, including:Prepare the dynamic experiment face of a variety of mill resistances.
Preferable according to the utility model, preparing the dynamic experiment face of a variety of mill resistances includes comprising the following steps that:
The protecgulum of the main box is opened, rotates the rotating cylinder, the dynamic experiment face on rotating cylinder is exposed successively;Described
Gravel is fixed on the surface in dynamic experiment face and forms mill resistance layer.
Such as method of work of above-mentioned experimental provision, including:Remove the mill resistance layer gravel on dynamic experiment face.
Preferable according to the utility model, the mill resistance layer gravel removed on dynamic experiment face includes specific steps such as
Under:The bonnet of the main box is opened, rotates the rotating cylinder, the dynamic experiment face with mill resistance layer is passed sequentially through bonnet sudden and violent
Dew, is then cleaned to the dynamic experiment face, and the mill resistance layer is removed from dynamic experiment face surface.
The method for carrying out carrying out simulation fracture mill resistance experiment using above-mentioned experimental provision, including:
1) according to laboratory and site operation principle of similarity, the Experimental Flowing Object discharge capacity needed for mill resistance experiment is calculated;
2) the mill resistance layer that parameter is hindered with different mills is prepared in multiple dynamic experiment faces of the rotating cylinder respectively, gravel refers to flat
Equal particle diameter is more than 1 millimeter of rock or mineral chip thing, can be by adjusting laying density of the gravel in mill resistance layer, from grain
Footpath gravel of different sizes hinders to change the mill in dynamic experiment face;
3) protecgulum of the main box, revolving drum, the dynamic experiment face that fixation will be tested and the protecgulum are opened
Inwall is parallel, and to form simulation fracture, and it carries out sealing fixation to the axial boundary of the simulation fracture, before sealing is described
Lid;
4) by main box, into the simulation fracture, injection experimentses fluid to carry out mill resistance experiment, tests different mill resistance faces
Under, fluid is by testing caused pressure change;
5) repeat step 3), the dynamic experiment face with different mill resistances is changed by revolving drum.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
1st, the utility model changes traditional crack mill resistance test structure, and two sides of composition simulation fracture are changed to one
Quiet one moves two parts, and wherein movable part has multiple experiment mill resistance faces, can need to rotate according to experiment to prepare not
With mill resistance coefficient, and the mill resistance experiment of simulation fracture is carried out respectively.The utility model only need to will treat reality when once being tested
The mill resistance tested seals in face of accurate static main box inwall after forming simulation fracture to its axial boundary.Preparing mill resistance
It can be hindered during face by smearing the stone of fixed different-grain diameter on dynamic experiment face with simulating the mill of different parameters.Casing simultaneously
For open cap design, it is easier to clean, be also easier to change mill resistance face.In the technical solution of the utility model, the system in resistance face is ground
Make, that is, lay gravel, be fixed on by binding agent on the dynamic experiment face, automatic change is realized by axis of rotation, once
Preparation can carry out many experiments, improve conventional efficient, save lab space.
2nd, in the utility model, when making simulation fracture, fixed rotating cylinder, adopted in the axial boundary to simulation fracture
Sealed with sealing strip, making simulation fracture, both sides keep sealing state up and down, and guarantee carries out water-tight during mill resistance experiment.
3rd, in the utility model, dynamic experiment face upper surface is provided with cement tub, for laying gravel, smears cement
To fix gravel, the crack inner surface of different mill resistances is simulated.In experiment, adjust in wherein experiment face and the main box of rotating cylinder
Wall is parallel, makes to produce simulation fracture between main box inwall and dynamic experiment face, and the width of the simulation fracture is 2~12mm,
So that Experimental Flowing Object passes through.
4th, in the utility model, the main box is a rectangular box body, including a cavity, is large enough to hold rotating cylinder and exists
Wherein rotated.In the utility model, the upper lid of main box also uses open cap design, for being laid in the cement tub of rotating cylinder
Gravel, and after being fixed using cement or other binding materials, reversing drum, set gradually the mill resistance layer that different mills hinder parameters.
Meanwhile the static experiment face of the protecgulum can also form simulation fracture with mill relative be arranged in parallel of resistance layer, for Experimental Flowing Object
Tested through to carry out mill resistance.
5th, in the utility model, Experimental Flowing Object can be observed by the transparent visual window, if proppant is in mill resistance layer
Transport conditions around gravel.
6th, the utility model will grind resistance layer removing respectively by designing bonnet described in dynamic experiment face.
7th, in the utility model, described rotating cylinder is also rectangular parallelepiped structure, and centre is provided with a rotating shaft so that rotating cylinder can
To rotate around it, shaft end has a hand cranking handle, and the position of rotating cylinder is adjusted by the way of manual.
8th, the utility model is provided with for fixing dynamic experiment in the main box and position corresponding with the protecgulum
The neck in face, freely rotated in main box for rotating cylinder and enough spaces are provided, and simulation fracture can be realized simultaneously.
9th, in the utility model, the axial direction of the simulation fracture inside main box is provided at both ends with pressure gauge, for testing reality
Test fluid flowed in simulation fracture existing for pressure differential, know pressure loss amount.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be it is described in the utility model dynamic experiment face prepare mill resistance layer schematic diagram, the gravel size on its surface
Differ;
Fig. 2 be it is described in the utility model dynamic experiment face prepare mill resistance layer schematic diagram, the gravel size on its surface
Unanimously;
Fig. 3 is obtained after carrying out mill resistance experiment using experimental provision described in the utility model:Gravel diameter splits to simulation
Seam mill resistance influence curve schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the overall structure sectional view of experimental provision described in the utility model;
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional end view of experimental provision described in the utility model.
In figs. 1-5,1, main box;
2nd, rotating cylinder;2-1, dynamic experiment face;
3rd, rotating shaft;4th, simulation fracture;5th, the axial boundary of simulation fracture 4;6th, groove;7th, protecgulum;8th, sealed frame;9th, it is transparent
Visual window;10th, bonnet;11st, neck;12nd, the external Circular test that the rotating cylinder 2 rotates;13rd, fixing seal part;14th, gravel.
Embodiment
The utility model is described further by way of example and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but not limited to this.
Embodiment 1,
A kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall, including:
Main box 1:It is set in outside rotating cylinder 2, and the static state that one side is used for simulation fracture is comprised at least inside main box 1
Experiment face;
Rotating cylinder 2:Including multiple dynamic experiment face 2-1 for being used to simulate different mill resistances, the rotating cylinder 2 passes through the axial direction of rotating shaft 3
It is arranged in main box 1 and rotates;The dynamic experiment face 2-1 is relative with the static experiment face when be arrangeding in parallel, between the two
Form simulation fracture 4, the sealed set of axial boundary 5 of the simulation fracture 4.
Embodiment 2,
A kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall, its difference are as described in Example 1, the rotating cylinder
2 by hand cranking handle in the main box 1 axial rotation.
The groove 6 for fixing gravel is provided with the dynamic experiment face 2-1.The groove 6 is cement tub.
Embodiment 3,
A kind of automatic crack wall that changes as described in embodiment 1,2 grinds the experimental provision hindered, and its difference is, the master
The generally cuboid of casing 1, folding is provided with protecgulum 7 on an oblong lateral surface wherein, and the protecgulum 7 is quiet including being inlaid with
State tests the sealed frame 8 in face.The static experiment face generally transparent visual window 9.
The rotating cylinder 2 is cuboid, and its four rectangular side walls are respectively four dynamic experiment faces with different mill resistances
2-1。
Embodiment 4,
A kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall as described in embodiment 1-3, its difference is, described
Folding is provided with bonnet 10 on another oblong lateral surface of main box 1.
Embodiment 5,
A kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall as described in embodiment 1-4, its difference is, described
Main box 1 and the neck 11 for fixing dynamic experiment face 2-1 is provided with the 7 corresponding position of protecgulum.
The outer rim of the neck 11 and the external Circular test 12 of the rotating cylinder 2 rotation are adapted;The sealing strip of the protecgulum 7
Frame 8 is connected with the outside of the neck 11 by fixing seal part 13.
Embodiment 6,
A kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall as described in embodiment 1-5, its difference is, described
The axial both ends of main box 1 and pressure gauge is connected with respectively with the simulation fracture 4.
Application examples 7,
Such as method of work of above-mentioned experimental provision, including:Prepare the dynamic experiment face of a variety of mill resistances.Prepare a variety of mill resistances
Dynamic experiment face includes comprising the following steps that:
The protecgulum 7 of the main box is opened, rotates the rotating cylinder 2, the dynamic experiment face 2-1 on rotating cylinder 2 is exposed successively;
Gravel is fixed on the surface of the dynamic experiment face 2-1 and forms mill resistance layer.
Application examples 8,
Such as method of work of above-mentioned experimental provision, including:Remove the mill resistance layer gravel on dynamic experiment face.Described remove is moved
Mill resistance layer gravel on state experiment face includes comprising the following steps that:The bonnet 10 of the main box is opened, rotates the rotating cylinder 2,
Make the dynamic experiment face 2-1 with mill resistance layer pass sequentially through bonnet 10 to expose, then the dynamic experiment face 2-1 is carried out clear
Wash, the mill resistance layer is removed from dynamic experiment face 2-1 surfaces.
Application examples 9,
The method for carrying out carrying out simulation fracture mill resistance experiment using above-mentioned experimental provision, wherein the main box size model
Enclose for (1000~3000) mm × (300~500) mm × (400~600) mm, preferably 1200 × 400 × 500mm, formed
The width of simulation fracture 4 is 5mm, and for Experimental Flowing Object, i.e. proppant passes through;The mill resistance experiment includes:
1) according to laboratory and site operation principle of similarity, the Experimental Flowing Object discharge capacity needed for mill resistance experiment is calculated;
2) the mill resistance layer that parameter is hindered with different mills is prepared in multiple dynamic experiment faces of the rotating cylinder respectively, gravel refers to flat
Equal particle diameter is more than 1 millimeter of rock or mineral chip thing, can be by adjusting laying density of the gravel in mill resistance layer, from grain
Footpath gravel of different sizes hinders to change the mill in dynamic experiment face;
3) protecgulum of the main box, revolving drum, the dynamic experiment face that fixation will be tested and the protecgulum are opened
Inwall is parallel, and to form simulation fracture, and it carries out sealing fixation to the axial boundary of the simulation fracture, before sealing is described
Lid;
4) by main box, into the simulation fracture, injection experimentses fluid to carry out mill resistance experiment, tests different mill resistance faces
Under, fluid is by testing caused pressure change;
5) repeat step 3), the dynamic experiment face with different mill resistances is changed by revolving drum.
By changing the particle diameter and dense degree of gravel, to imitate the mill in different cracks resistance face, such as glutenite, sandstone
With shale etc..It is two kinds of different mill resistance layers as shown in Figure 1, 2.
According to the present embodiment, based on the principle of similitude, according to parameter after the pressure of certain block a bite well, (single slot is grown
120m, the high 40m of seam, slit width 6mm) with the dimensional parameters of the visual sides of fracture face analogue means of the utility model (stitch high 0.4m,
Stitch long 1.0m, slit width 5mm), make sealing flow velocity consistent, the operational discharge capacity at scene is converted into experiment discharge capacity, operational discharge capacity and reality
The corresponding relation tested between discharge capacity is as shown in table 1 below.
The operational discharge capacity of table 1 and the table of comparisons of experiment discharge capacity
Operational discharge capacity (m3/min) | Flow velocity (m/s) in seam | Test discharge capacity (m3/h) |
3 | 0.208 | 1.47 |
4 | 0.278 | 2.00 |
5 | 0.347 | 2.49 |
6 | 0.417 | 2.95 |
7 | 0.486 | 3.48 |
Gravel refers to the rock or mineral chip thing that average grain diameter is more than 1 millimeter, by testing under different displacements, phase in gravel
Same gravel concentration (mass ratio 20%), different gravel diameters gravel template on unit area internal pressure loss, study gravel
The affecting laws of mill resistance in diameter opposite joint.
Three kinds of mill resistance layers are prepared on the dynamic experiment face according to the proportioning of above-mentioned gravel:It is gravel diameter 3mm respectively
~6mm, 8mm~10mm and 12mm~15mm glutenite sides of fracture face mould block, i.e., only it is used only the three of rotating cylinder dynamic experiment face
Individual face.
The aqueous fracturing fluid that the Experimental Flowing Object used is 20mPas for tested viscosity, using 20/40 mesh ceramsite propping agent,
Sand ratio is 10%, and mill resistive law is illustrated in fig. 3 shown below under more than 1 experiment discharge capacities of test such as table.
Test result indicates that:Generally speaking, in crack friction loss with discharge capacity into approximately linear growth trend, propagation process
In show fluctuation within a narrow range;Mill resistance increases with the increase of gravel diameter, and discharge capacity increases, and the increasing degree for grinding resistance subtracts
It is small;Compared with gravel diameter, influence of the discharge capacity to friction loss is bigger.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall, it is characterised in that the experimental provision includes:
Main box:It is set in outside rotating cylinder, and the static experiment face that one side is used for simulation fracture is comprised at least inside main box;
Rotating cylinder:Including multiple dynamic experiment faces for being used to simulate different mill resistances, the rotating cylinder is axially disposed within main tank by rotating shaft
Rotate in vivo;The dynamic experiment face is relative with the static experiment face when be arrangeding in parallel, forms simulation fracture between the two, institute
State the axial boundary sealed set of simulation fracture.
2. a kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described turn
Cylinder axial rotation in the main box by hand cranking handle.
3. a kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
The groove for fixing gravel is provided with dynamic experiment face.
A kind of 4. automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the master
Casing generally cuboid, folding is provided with protecgulum on an oblong lateral surface wherein, and the protecgulum includes being inlaid with static state
The sealed frame in experiment face.
5. a kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described quiet
State experiment face generally transparent visual window.
6. a kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described
Folding is provided with bonnet on another oblong lateral surface of main box.
7. a kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described turn
Cylinder is cuboid, and its four rectangular side walls are respectively four dynamic experiment faces with different mill resistances.
8. a kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described
Main box and position corresponding with the protecgulum are provided with the neck for fixing dynamic experiment face;The outer rim of the neck and institute
The external Circular test for stating rotating cylinder rotation is adapted;The outside of the sealed frame of the protecgulum and the neck passes through fixing seal portion
Part is connected.
9. a kind of automatic experimental provision for changing the mill resistance of crack wall according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
The axial both ends of main box and pressure gauge is connected with respectively with the simulation fracture.
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CN107218035A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-09-29 | 北京大学 | A kind of experimental provision of automatic change crack wall mill resistance and method of work and application |
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CN107218035A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-09-29 | 北京大学 | A kind of experimental provision of automatic change crack wall mill resistance and method of work and application |
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