CN109611085A - Hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation device and its analogy method - Google Patents
Hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation device and its analogy method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109611085A CN109611085A CN201811466659.0A CN201811466659A CN109611085A CN 109611085 A CN109611085 A CN 109611085A CN 201811466659 A CN201811466659 A CN 201811466659A CN 109611085 A CN109611085 A CN 109611085A
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005439 Perspex® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009605 growth rhythm Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 44
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 43
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation device and its analogy methods, including coal/rock simulated assembly, axis presses charging assembly, ring presses charging assembly and wellbore fracture simulated assembly, the present invention can not be compared with real simulation perforated zone for current true triaxial hydraulic fracturing physical analogy test device, perforation number and the fracture extension morphological Simulation that can not be carried out to roughly the same rock sample under different fracturing parameters are tested, lead to the problem of centainly entering and leaving with live physical presence, design a kind of hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation device, it can be to different perforated zones, perforation number, fracturing parameter, roughly the same mechanical property and development degree of micro cracks in oil rock sample carry out refracturing under different parameters and test, more accurately test the influence that a certain parameter extends form to fracturing fracture, for coal measures reservoir Fracturing fracture form is accurately studied and is laid the foundation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation technical fields, more particularly to hydraulic fracturing
Coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation device and its analogy method.
Background technique
Coal bed gas passes through nearly exploration and development in 40 years as a kind of cleaning, high efficient energy sources, China, and exploration and development depth is
Extended to 2000 meters or so.May all it contain in the tight sand of the increase of exploration and development depth, deep fractures and its country rock
Methane gas, the exploitation for carrying out gas in tight sand in coal bed gas and casing is the master of current exploitation deep measures gas reservoir
Want one of mode.Deep measures gas reservoir, which buries deep, suffered stress, causes greatly the permeability under reset condition all relatively low, to
Industrialness air-flow is obtained, carrying out hydraulic fracturing is the major way for improving its flow conductivity.
When carrying out hydraulic fracturing in coal measures reservoir, coal seam may directly be contacted with the dense sand layer of exploitation, it is also possible to
There are a certain distance between country rock dense sand layer, due to the mechanical properties of rock of coal seam and country rock dense sand layer, split
The othernesses such as gap development degree, when leading to its hydraulic fracturing the fracture extension form of coal seam and country rock dense sand layer there may be
Larger difference.Even if carrying out pressure break to single coal bed section, the difference of deformation failure degree, cranny development degree of coal etc. in coal seam section
The difference of the changing rules such as fracture initiation, extension, finally affects fracturing transformation effect when the opposite sex may also cause hydraulic fracturing.
In order to study crack fracture extension change when the conjunction lamination of heterogeneity coal seam section, coal seam and other rock stratum is split in hydraulic fracturing process
Law and fracture extension form, domestic and international researcher is by developing true triaxial hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment device to pressure break
Fracture extension form is studied in the process, and Basic practice is cube coal cinder by making large scale or with similar material
Material is fabricated to the cube of larger size, in the experimental sample between bore an aperture, simulate reservoir and suffered stress state, carry out
It is tested under the conditions of different fracturing fluids, different load confining pressures, different operational discharge capacities etc., its crack shape is determined by fracturing fluid color
State.Using original coal sample or similar materials, the time required to making sample and sample making course is relatively complicated, it is time-consuming compared with
It is long；Simultaneously as be the aperture drilled out on material, slave preforation tunnel when can not more actually simulate live pressure break into
Enter this process of fractured layer, may cause analog result and the certain discrepancy of physical presence.And coal sample can not weigh again after pressure break
It is multiple to use, a certain experiment condition can not be changed and carry out repeated experiment, a certain parameter fracture is caused to extend the influence nothing of form
The accurate test of method.It is simulated using fracture simulation software FracproPT, mayer etc., is more a kind of regularity
Understanding, certain discrepancy with physical presence.In order to it is accurate simulation field hydraulic pressure break perforated zone, hydraulic fracturing it is a certain
Parameter such as operational discharge capacity, fracturing fluid, pressure break liquid measure and stress condition, single coal bed or coal seam item different from sandstone combined pressure etc.
Hydraulic fracturing fracture propagation rule and form under part need to develop a kind of hydraulically created fracture extension morphological Simulation test device,
It is able to satisfy above-mentioned requirements.
So the present invention provides the new scheme of one kind to solve the problems, such as this.
Summary of the invention
For above situation, for the defect for overcoming the prior art, purpose of the present invention is to provide the storages of hydraulic fracturing coal measures
Layer fracture extension morphological Simulation device and its analogy method.
Its technical solution solved is: hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation device, it is characterised in that: packet
Include coal/rock simulated assembly, axis pressure charging assembly, ring pressure charging assembly and wellbore fracture simulated assembly；The coal/rock simulated assembly
Including shell and multiple simulation layers, shell includes pedestal, fixed link and fixed tray, and pedestal includes two longitudinal directions disposed in parallel
The center of bar, two longitudinal rods is fixedly connected by a transverse bar, longitudinal rod, transverse bar center top be provided with first
Fixed ring, the fixed link are set in the first fixed ring, and setting second is fixed at the top of the fixed link right above longitudinal rod
Ring, the second fixed ring is interior to be arranged bolt, and the welding of fixed tray level is in place at the top of the fixed link right above transverse bar；The mould
Quasi- layer includes the simulating chamber for placing simulation material, simulating chamber is top opening, bottom and side wall is hollow type grid half
Circle ring column structure, multiple simulating chambers, which stack, to be arranged on fixed tray, and each simulating chamber passes through runner assembly and bolt turns
Dynamic connection；The axis pressure charging assembly includes the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump, and the import of the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump passes through the first pipe
Road connects the first reservoir, and the outlet of the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump connects transformation chamber, first pipe, the second pipe by second pipe
The first valve, the second valve are respectively set on road；The transformation chamber is arranged in the top of simulation layer, and transformation chamber is and simulation layer
Transformation chamber is divided into the water on top by the identical semicircular ring column structure of size, the intracavitary portion's setting pressurization partition of transformation, pressurization partition
The simulation chamber of chamber and lower part is pressed, contraction spring is arranged in the intracavitary portion of hydraulic pressure, and contraction spring top is connect with hydraulic pressure top of chamber, is received
Contracting spring bottom end is connect with pressurization partition, and hydraulic pressure chamber is connected to second pipe；The ring pressure charging assembly includes the second hand-rail type
The import of force (forcing) pump, the second hand-rail type force (forcing) pump is connect by third pipeline with the second reservoir, and third is arranged on third pipeline
Valve, the outlet of the second hand-rail type force (forcing) pump are connected the import of multiway valve by the 4th pipeline, are arranged the 4th on the 4th pipeline
The outlet of valve, multiway valve is connected to pressure rings by water injection pipe, and pressure gauge is provided on water injection pipe, and pressure rings are that arc is hollow
Hardened structure, pressure rings inner sidewall match fastening with the cambered surface side wall of simulating chamber, and pressure rings inner sidewall is made of elastic material；Institute
Wellbore fracture simulated assembly, including pressure break pit shaft and multi-openings plugging device are stated, pressure break pit shaft includes simulation wellbore hole and third hand
Shake formula force (forcing) pump, the simulation wellbore hole is the semi-cylindrical structure being arranged on fixed tray, and the cambered surface side wall of simulation wellbore hole
Match with the inside arc surface side wall of simulating chamber, multi-openings plugging device is folded to conform to a conventional pattern and is located on simulation wellbore hole, perforation plugging device packet
Two slip rings being arranged in an axially parallel mode along simulation wellbore hole are included, and the spacing of two slip rings is equal with the thickness of simulating chamber, two
The baffle to match with simulation wellbore hole cambered surface side wall is set between a slip ring, and the upper and lower ends of baffle are provided with and slip ring
The arc axle sleeve being slidably matched, it is longitudinal on the cambered surface side wall of simulation wellbore hole uniformly to open up multirow perforation, and every row perforation is not by
Same perforation plugging device blocks；Third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump is fixed at the top of simulation wellbore hole, third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump
Import connect by the 5th pipeline with equipped with the third reservoir of ink, the 5th valve of setting, third are hand on the 5th pipeline
The outlet of formula force (forcing) pump is connected to by refilling pipe with simulation wellbore hole, and pressurization valve is arranged on refilling pipe.
Preferably, the runner assembly includes the first swivel becket that the lateral arcs surface side wall both ends of simulating chamber are arranged in, and
Cambered surface top side wall, bottom are arranged one to first swivel becket of every one end on the outside respectively.
Preferably, the second swivel becket being arranged in the middle part of the both ends of the pressure rings, second swivel becket of the same end are folded in
Between first swivel becket, and the second rotation is coaxially set on bolt with the first swivel becket.
Preferably, the pressurization partition outer rim environmental sealing rubber case.
Preferably, the fixed tray semicircular in shape, diameter and transverse bar equal length.
Preferably, the simulating chamber, transformation chamber, simulation wellbore hole, perforation plugging device are that clear perspex material is made.
Using the analogy method of the hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation device, include the following steps:
Include the following steps:
1) axis pressure load operation is carried out:
The second valve is closed, the first valve is opened, the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump is screwed out and draws water inside the first reservoir, revolve
The first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump after the completion of extracting, closes the first valve, opens the second valve, precession is first-hand to outermost out
Formula force (forcing) pump is shaken to the water after the intracavitary injection pressurization of transformation hydraulic pressure, hydraulic pressure chamber inside water pressure drives pressurization partition to move down, squeezes
Depression simulates the simulation material in intracavitary portion；Wherein the intracavitary portion of hydraulic pressure detaches air in advance, makes to pressurize partition during decline
Water hydraulic static pressure loading is fully relied on, the simulation material loaded in the simulation material in intracavitary portion and the simulating chamber of simulation layer top is simulated
Unanimously；After to be loaded, the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump is screwed out, pressurization partition bounces back reset under the action of contraction spring, with
Realize the pressurization repeatedly of transformation chamber；
2) ring pressure load operation is carried out:
The 4th valve is closed, third valve is opened, the second hand-rail type force (forcing) pump is screwed out and draws water inside the second reservoir, take out
After the completion of taking, third valve is closed, opens the 4th valve, precession the second hand-rail type force (forcing) pump simultaneously observes pressure gauge, pressure gauge rule
Lattice measurement range selection 0-20MPa, stops pressurization when pressure gauge registration reaches preset confining pressure value, and multiple-way valve is to each pressurization
Water inside ring after injection pressurization, pressure rings inner sidewall is by the outside deformation of hydraulic pressure, the simulation material of extrusion simulation chamber interior；
3) fracture simulation operation is carried out:
Pressurization valve is closed, the 5th valve is opened, third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump is screwed out and extracts ink inside third reservoir, take out
After the completion of liquid, the 5th valve is closed, opens pressurization valve, slow precession third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump is injected into simulation wellbore hole to be added
Ink after pressure, the top of third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump has pressure gauge that can record the pressure in simulation wellbore hole in real time, due to single
The water that secondary back-out third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump is extracted is possibly when being completely screwed into simulation wellbore hole can not be in simulation wellbore hole
Goal pressure needed for being formed, therefore the repetitious liquid extracted in reservoir is needed, and be cumulatively injected into simulation wellbore hole
It is interior, therefore need not being repeated under depressurization phase drawing liquid, drain pressurization in simulation well, then third is closed in second of drawing liquid
The pressurization valve of hand-rail type force (forcing) pump lower part, and the 5th valve is opened, third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump can be screwed out to realize mass colour
The pumping of liquid；Repeat aforesaid operations, and the moment observation transparent organic glass internal fissure extend situation, to from external observation to
When crack growth extends to the external margin of simulating chamber, stop precession third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump；Rotation is placed on simulation wellbore hole
Multiple groups perforation plugging device can realize it is different simulation room floor positions apertures unlatching and closure, i.e., realization different layers position hydraulic pressure system
It splits；
4) simulated operation is unloaded:
All safety-valves are closed, after standing 8-12 hours, pressurization valve is opened and screws out third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump unloading pressure
Power, the crack that interlayer is simulated to observe different coals/rock penetrate situation, meanwhile, to avoid disassembly process new life from disturbing crack to original
Beginning fracturing fracture impacts, therefore carries out post-fracturing crack count observation by the way of screwing out；Extract wherein any one
Bolt, and on the outside of simulating chamber plus ring pressure is successively dismantled from top to bottom, and pressure rings are slowly screwed out around bolt, screwing out angle is
30 ° -120 °, specific angle is depending on realistic simulation demand；
5) three-dimensional fracture figure is established
After pressure ring to be added all screws out, coordinate origin is set to simulation wellbore hole lower central point, establishes 3 D stereo coordinate system,
Measure the coordinate of X, Y, Z of the key node of each crack in top with graduated scale, i.e. the turning point coordinate in crack, according to respectively splitting
Seam key node coordinate redraws three-dimensional fracture figure on AutoCAD software；
6) sunykatuib analysis
By changing the selection of target fractured layer, ring presses size, axis presses size to study fracture extension growth rhythm in fracturing process,
To it is corresponding combine the key factors such as live vertical stress, horizontal stress and fractured layer bit depth to live pressing crack construction into
Row analysis.
Due to the use of above technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages over the prior art:
1. the present invention can in comprehensive lithology, horizontally or vertically under crustal stress states to live pressing crack construction when major cracks
Elongation growth is simulated, and drawing three-dimensional model of fissuration, provides a kind of letter to the research of fracturing fracture Extending Law with this
Single easy method；
2. the present invention is adjusted ring pressure, the size of axis pressure and Experimental comparison repeatedly, and combines live ground stress environment, come
A kind of best Fracturing Project for being conducive to pressure break scene fracture extension is searched out, so that the accurate implementation to pressing crack construction provides
Strong guarantee；
3. the present invention is to different perforated zones, perforation number, fracturing parameter, roughly the same mechanical property and fracture development journey
It spends rock sample and carries out refracturing experiment under different parameters, more accurately test the shadow that a certain parameter extends form to fracturing fracture
It rings, accurately studies and lay the foundation for coal measures reservoir fracturing fracture form.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is coal/rock simulated assembly structural schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of simulating chamber in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram that axis of the present invention presses charging assembly.
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram that middle ring of the present invention presses charging assembly.
Fig. 6 a is the structural schematic diagram of wellbore fracture simulated assembly in the present invention.
Fig. 6 b is the structural schematic diagram of perforation plugging device in the present invention.
Fig. 6 c is the partial structural diagram of wellbore fracture simulated assembly in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is partial structural diagram of the invention.
In figure: 100- coal/rock simulated assembly, 101- fixed link, 102- fixed tray, 103- longitudinal rod, 104- transverse bar,
The first fixed ring of 105-, the second fixed ring of 106-, 107- bolt, 108- simulating chamber, the first swivel becket of 109-, the pressure load of 200- axis
Component, 201- the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump, 202- first pipe, the first reservoir of 203-, 204- second pipe, the first valve of 205-
Door, the second valve of 206-, 207- pressurization partition, 208- hydraulic pressure chamber, 209- simulate chamber, 210- contraction spring, the rotation of 211- third
Ring, 212- transformation chamber, 300- ring press charging assembly, 301- the second hand-rail type force (forcing) pump, 302- third pipeline, the second liquid storage of 303-
Slot connection, 304- third valve, the 4th pipeline of 305-, 306- multiway valve, the 4th valve of 307-, 308- water injection pipe, 309- add
Pressure ring, the second swivel becket of 310-, 400- wellbore fracture simulated assembly, 401- perforation plugging device, 402- simulation wellbore hole, 403- third
Hand-rail type force (forcing) pump, 404- perforation, 405- refilling pipe, the connection of 406- third reservoir, 407- pressurization valve, 408- slip ring,
409- baffle, 410- arc axle sleeve, the 5th pipeline of 411-, the 5th valve of 412-.
Specific embodiment
For the present invention aforementioned and other technology contents, feature and effect, in following cooperation with reference to figures 1 through attached drawing 7
To in the detailed description of embodiment, can clearly present.The structure content being previously mentioned in following embodiment is with specification
Attached drawing is reference.
As shown in Figure 1, hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation device, including coal/rock simulated assembly 100,
Axis presses charging assembly 200, ring pressure charging assembly 300 and wellbore fracture simulated assembly 400.
As shown in Fig. 2, coal/rock simulated assembly 100 includes shell and multiple simulation layers, shell includes pedestal, fixed link 101
With fixed tray 102, pedestal includes two longitudinal rods 103 disposed in parallel, and the center of two longitudinal rods 103 passes through a transverse direction
Bar 104 is fixedly connected, longitudinal rod 103, transverse bar 104 center top be provided with the first fixed ring 105,101 sets of fixed link
It is located in the first fixed ring 105, the second fixed ring 106 is set at the top of the fixed link 101 right above longitudinal rod 103, second
Bolt 107 is set in fixed ring 106, and the horizontal welding of fixed tray 102 in place push up by the fixed link 101 right above transverse bar 104
Portion, 102 semicircular in shape of fixed tray, diameter and 104 equal length of transverse bar.Simulation layer includes for placing simulation material
Simulating chamber 108, for the present invention by taking 5 groups of simulation room floor positions as an example, the simulation material matching parameter of each layer position is as shown in table 1 below, wherein
Each material unit is KG.
Table 1
| The simulation of layer position | With colon | Sand | Gypsum | Lime | Water | Coal dust |
| Simulation layer 1(shale layer) | 846 | 18 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 1.125 | -- |
| Simulation layer 2(mud stone, coal alternation of bed) | 746 | 15.75 | 2.7 | 4.05 | 1.125 | -- |
| The coal seam simulation layer 3() | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 22.5 |
| Simulation layer 4(sandstone, coal alternation of bed) | 737 | 15.75 | 20.25 | 4.725 | 1.125 | -- |
| Simulation layer 5(sandstone layer) | 837 | 18 | 3.15 | 3.15 | 1.125 | -- |
As shown in figure 3, simulating chamber 108 is top opening, the semicircular ring column structure that bottom and side wall is hollow type grid, hollow out
The purpose of formula mesh design is to realize growth and extension of the crack in the vertical direction in simulating chamber 108.Multiple simulating chambers
108 stack setting on fixed tray 102, and each simulating chamber 108 is rotatablely connected by runner assembly and bolt 107.Rotation
Component includes the first swivel becket 109 that the lateral arcs surface side wall both ends of simulating chamber 108 are arranged in, and first swivel becket of every one end
109 cambered surface top side wall, bottom are respectively arranged one on the outside respectively.
As shown in figure 4, axis pressure charging assembly 200 includes the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 201, the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 201
Import by first pipe 202 connect the first reservoir 203, the outlet of the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 201 passes through second pipe
204 connect transformation chambers 212, and the first valve 205, the second valve 206 is respectively set in first pipe 202, second pipe 204；Become
The top of simulation layer is arranged in pressure chamber 212, and transformation chamber 212 is semicircular ring column structure identical with simulation layer size, transformation
Third swivel becket 211 is arranged in the lateral arcs surface side wall both ends of chamber 212, and third swivel becket 211 is set on bolt 107.Transformation chamber
212 inside setting pressurization partitions 207, pressurization partition 207 divide transformation chamber 212 for the hydraulic pressure chamber 208 on top and the simulation of lower part
Chamber 209, pressurize 207 outer rim environmental sealing rubber case of partition, to guarantee the water of pressurization, stress-relief process middle and upper part hydraulic pressure chamber 208 not
It can enter in lower part simulation chamber 209.Contraction spring 210,210 top of contraction spring and hydraulic pressure chamber 208 are set inside hydraulic pressure chamber 208
Top connection, 210 bottom end of contraction spring are connect with pressurization partition 207, and hydraulic pressure chamber 208 is connected to second pipe 204.When first-hand
Formula force (forcing) pump 201 is shaken to when the water filling pressurization of hydraulic pressure chamber 208, contraction spring 210, which is pressurized, is in tensional state, and pressurization partition 207 exists
It is moved down under hydraulic pressure effect, the simulation material in extrusion simulation chamber 209；When release, screw out the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 201 from
It draws water in hydraulic pressure chamber 208, pressurization partition 207 carries out recovery initial position under the contraction of contraction spring 210.
As shown in figure 5, ring pressure charging assembly 300 includes the second hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 301, the second hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 301
Import connect 303 with the second reservoir by third pipeline 302, setting third valve 304, second-hand on third pipeline 302
The outlet for shaking formula force (forcing) pump 301 connects the import of multiway valve 306 by the 4th pipeline 305, is arranged the 4th on the 4th pipeline 305
Valve 307, the outlet of multiway valve 306 are connected to pressure rings 309 by water injection pipe 308, in use process, close the 4th valve
307, third valve 304 is opened, and screws out the second hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 301, the second hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 301 is from the second reservoir
It inside draws water, closes third valve 304, opens the 4th valve 307, and the second hand-rail type of precession force (forcing) pump 301, second is hand
By injecting water into multiway valve 306 on the 4th pipeline 305, port valve door is multiple to be exported to different simulation layers formula force (forcing) pump 301
Pressure rings 309 in filled the water, the difference that different simulation layers can be achieved is opened by egress selection to multiway valve 306
Property ring pressure load.Pressure gauge is provided on water injection pipe 308, pressure gauge can show that the ring pressure of any time is big when ring is pressed and loaded
Small, pressure rings 309 are arc cored slab structure, and 309 inner sidewall of pressure rings matches fastening with the cambered surface side wall of simulating chamber 108, adds
309 outer webs of pressure ring are made of steel pressure-resistant material, and 309 inner sidewall of pressure rings is made of elastic material, when specifically used,
The preferable rubber material of elasticity may be selected.The second swivel becket 310 being arranged in the middle part of the both ends of pressure rings 309, the second of the same end
Swivel becket 310 is folded between the first swivel becket 109, and the second rotation is coaxially set in bolt 107 with the first swivel becket 109
On.
As shown in Figure 6 a, wellbore fracture simulated assembly 400, including pressure break pit shaft and multi-openings plugging device 401, fractured well
Cylinder includes simulation wellbore hole 402 and third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 403, and simulation wellbore hole 402 is the semicircle being arranged on fixed tray 102
Column structure, and the cambered surface side wall of simulation wellbore hole 402 and the inside arc surface side wall of simulating chamber 108 match, multi-openings block
Device 401 is folded to conform to a conventional pattern and is located on simulation wellbore hole 402, and as shown in Figure 6 b, perforation plugging device 401 includes axial flat along simulation wellbore hole 402
Two slip rings 408 of row setting, and the spacing of two slip rings 408 is equal with the thickness of simulating chamber 108, two slip rings
The baffle 409 to match with 402 cambered surface side wall of simulation wellbore hole is set between 408, and the upper and lower ends of baffle 409 are provided with and slide
The arc axle sleeve 410 that rotating ring 408 is slidably matched, as fig. 6 c, longitudinal direction uniformly opens up more on the cambered surface side wall of simulation wellbore hole 402
Row perforation 404, and every row perforation 404 is blocked by different perforation plugging devices 401；The fixation of third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 403 is set
It sets at the top of simulation wellbore hole 402, the import of third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 403 passes through the 5th pipeline 411 and the equipped with ink
Three reservoirs connect 406, the 5th valve 412 are arranged on the 5th pipeline 411, the outlet of third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 403 passes through note
Black pipe 405 is connected to simulation wellbore hole 402, and pressurization valve 407 is arranged on refilling pipe 405.Simulating chamber 108, transformation chamber 212, simulation
Pit shaft 402, perforation plugging device 401 are that clear perspex material is made, convenient to be observed to simulated experiment.
The analogy method of hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation device, it is characterised in that: including walking as follows
It is rapid:
1) axis pressure load operation is carried out:
The second valve 206 is closed, the first valve 205 is opened, screws out the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 201 out of first reservoir 203
Portion draws water, and screws out the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 201 to outermost, that is, after the completion of extracting, closes the first valve 205, open
Second valve 206, the first hand-rail type of precession force (forcing) pump 201 inject the water after pressurization, hydraulic pressure chamber 208 into transformation hydraulic pressure chamber 208
Inside water pressure drives pressurization partition 207 to move down, and squeezes the simulation material inside lower part simulation chamber 209.Wherein hydraulic pressure chamber 208
Inside detaches air in advance, so that pressurization partition 207 is fully relied on Water hydraulic static pressure loading during decline, simulates the mould inside chamber 209
The simulation material loaded in quasi- material and the simulating chamber 108 of simulation layer top is consistent.After to be loaded, screw out first-hand
Shake formula force (forcing) pump 201, pressurization partition 207 bounces back reset under the action of contraction spring 210, to realize transformation chamber 212 repeatedly
Pressurization.
2) ring pressure load operation is carried out:
Close the 4th valve 307, open third valve 304, screw out the second hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 301 inside the second reservoir into
Row draws water, and after the completion of extraction, closes third valve 304, opens the 4th valve 307, the second hand-rail type of precession force (forcing) pump 301 is simultaneously seen
Pressure gauge is examined, pressure gauge specification measurement range selection 0-20MPa stops adding when pressure gauge registration reaches preset confining pressure value
Pressure, multiway valve 306 is to the water after injection pressurization inside each pressure rings 309, and 309 inner sidewall of pressure rings is by hydraulic pressure to shape
Become, the simulation material inside extrusion simulation room 108.
3) fracture simulation operation is carried out:
Pressurization valve 407 is closed, the 5th valve 412 is opened, third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 403 is screwed out and is taken out inside third reservoir
It takes ink, after the completion of drawing liquid, closes the 5th valve 412, open pressurization valve 407, slow precession third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 403
Ink into simulation wellbore hole 402 after injection pressurization, the top of third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 403 has pressure gauge that can record mould in real time
Pressure in quasi- pit shaft 402, since the water that single back-out third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 403 is extracted is being completely screwed into mould
When quasi- pit shaft 402 possibly repetitious extraction liquid storage can not be needed to forming required goal pressure in simulation wellbore hole 402
Liquid in slot, and being cumulatively injected into simulation wellbore hole 402, therefore need in simulation well that pumping is repeated under not depressurization phase
Liquid, drain pressurization, then close the pressurization valve 407 of 403 lower part of third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump, and open the in second of drawing liquid
Five valves 412 can screw out third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 403 to realize the pumping of mass colour liquid.Repeat aforesaid operations, and moment
It observes transparent organic glass internal fissure and extends situation, to extend to the outside of simulating chamber 108 from external observation to crack growth
When edge, stop precession third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 403.Rotate the perforation plugging device 401 for the multiple groups being placed on simulation wellbore hole 402
The unlatching and closure in the aperture of different 108 layers of positions of simulating chamber can be achieved, i.e. realization different layers position hydraulic pressure system is split.
4) simulated operation is unloaded:
All safety-valves are closed, after standing 8-12 hours, pressurization valve 407 is opened and screws out third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump 403
Unloading pressure, the crack that interlayer is simulated to observe different coals/rock penetrate situation, meanwhile, to avoid disassembly process new life disturbance from splitting
Seam impacts original fracturing fracture, therefore carries out post-fracturing crack count observation by the way of screwing out.As shown in fig. 7,
Extract wherein any one root cutting pin 107, and from top to bottom successively 108 outside of disassembly simulating chamber plus ring pressure, and by pressure rings 309
It is slowly screwed out around bolt 107, screwing out angle is 30 ° -120 °, and specific angle is depending on realistic simulation demand.
5) three-dimensional fracture figure is established
After pressure ring 309 to be added all screws out, coordinate origin is set to 402 lower central point of simulation wellbore hole, establishes 3 D stereo
Coordinate system measures the coordinate of X, Y, Z of the key node of each crack in top, i.e. the turning point coordinate in crack with graduated scale,
Three-dimensional fracture figure is redrawn on AutoCAD software according to each crack key node coordinate.
6) sunykatuib analysis
By changing the selection of target fractured layer, ring presses size, axis presses size to study fracture extension growth rhythm in fracturing process,
To it is corresponding combine the key factors such as live vertical stress, horizontal stress and fractured layer bit depth to live pressing crack construction into
Row analysis.
In conclusion the present invention can not be penetrated for current true triaxial hydraulic fracturing physical analogy test device compared with real simulation
Hole interval, perforation number and the fracture extension morphological Simulation that can not be carried out to roughly the same rock sample under different fracturing parameters are surveyed
Examination leads to the problem of centainly entering and leaving with live physical presence, designs a kind of hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension form mould
Quasi- device, can be to different perforated zones, perforation number, fracturing parameter, roughly the same mechanical property and development degree of micro cracks in oil
Rock sample carries out refracturing under different parameters and tests, and more accurately tests the influence that a certain parameter extends form to fracturing fracture,
It accurately studies and lays the foundation for coal measures reservoir fracturing fracture form.
The above is that further detailed description of the invention, and it cannot be said that the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiment
Specific implementation is limited only to this；Belonging to the present invention and for those skilled in the technology concerned, it is being based on skill of the present invention
Under the premise of art scheme thinking, it is made expansion and operating method, data replacement, should all fall in the scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Claims (7)
1. hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation device, it is characterised in that: including coal/rock simulated assembly, axis pressure
Charging assembly, ring pressure charging assembly and wellbore fracture simulated assembly；
The coal/rock simulated assembly includes shell and multiple simulation layers, and shell includes pedestal, fixed link and fixed tray, pedestal
Including two longitudinal rods disposed in parallel, the center of two longitudinal rods is fixedly connected by a transverse bar, longitudinal rod, transverse bar
Center top be provided with the first fixed ring, the fixed link is set in the first fixed ring, right above longitudinal rod
Second fixed ring is set at the top of fixed link, bolt is set in the second fixed ring, the welding of fixed tray level in place in transverse bar just
At the top of the fixed link of top；The simulation layer includes the simulating chamber for placing simulation material, and simulating chamber is top opening, bottom
It is the semicircular ring column structure of hollow type grid with side wall, multiple simulating chambers, which stack, to be arranged on fixed tray, each simulating chamber
It is rotatablely connected by runner assembly and bolt；
The axis pressure charging assembly includes the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump, and the import of the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump is connected by first pipe
Connect the first reservoir, the outlet of the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump connects transformation chamber by second pipe, in first pipe, second pipe
The first valve, the second valve is respectively set；The top of simulation layer is arranged in the transformation chamber, and transformation chamber is and simulation layer size
Transformation chamber is divided into the hydraulic pressure chamber on top by identical semicircular ring column structure, the intracavitary portion's setting pressurization partition of transformation, pressurization partition
With the simulation chamber of lower part, contraction spring is arranged in the intracavitary portion of hydraulic pressure, and contraction spring top is connect with hydraulic pressure top of chamber, shrinks bullet
Spring bottom end is connect with pressurization partition, and hydraulic pressure chamber is connected to second pipe；
Ring pressure charging assembly includes the second hand-rail type force (forcing) pump, the import of the second hand-rail type force (forcing) pump by third pipeline with
Second reservoir connects, and third valve is arranged on third pipeline, and the outlet of the second hand-rail type force (forcing) pump passes through the 4th pipeline and connects
The import of multiway valve, the 4th valve is arranged on the 4th pipeline, and the outlet of multiway valve is connected to pressure rings by water injection pipe, fills the water
Pressure gauge is provided on pipe, pressure rings are arc cored slab structure, and pressure rings inner sidewall matches button with the cambered surface side wall of simulating chamber
It closes, pressure rings inner sidewall is made of elastic material；
The wellbore fracture simulated assembly, including pressure break pit shaft and multi-openings plugging device, pressure break pit shaft include simulation wellbore hole and
Third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump, the simulation wellbore hole are the semi-cylindrical structure being arranged on fixed tray, and the arc of simulation wellbore hole
The inside arc surface side wall of surface side wall and simulating chamber matches, and multi-openings plugging device is folded to conform to a conventional pattern and is located on simulation wellbore hole, perforation envelope
Stifled device includes two slip rings being arranged in an axially parallel mode along simulation wellbore hole, and the thickness phase of the spacing of two slip rings and simulating chamber
Deng, the baffle to match with simulation wellbore hole cambered surface side wall is set between two slip rings, the upper and lower ends of baffle be provided with
The arc axle sleeve that slip ring is slidably matched, it is longitudinal on the cambered surface side wall of simulation wellbore hole uniformly to open up multirow perforation, and every row perforation
Blocked by different perforation plugging devices；Third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump is fixed at the top of simulation wellbore hole, third hand-rail type
The import of force (forcing) pump is connect by the 5th pipeline with the third reservoir equipped with ink, and the 5th valve is arranged on the 5th pipeline, the
The outlet of three hand-rail type force (forcing) pumps is connected to by refilling pipe with simulation wellbore hole, and pressurization valve is arranged on refilling pipe.
2. hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation device as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the rotation
Component includes the first swivel becket that the lateral arcs surface side wall both ends of simulating chamber are arranged in, and first swivel becket of every one end exists respectively
Lateral arcs face top side wall, bottom are respectively arranged one.
3. hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the pressurization
The second swivel becket being arranged in the middle part of the both ends of ring, second swivel becket of the same end are folded between the first swivel becket, and second turn
It is dynamic to be coaxially set on bolt with the first swivel becket.
4. hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation device as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the pressurization
Partition outer rim environmental sealing rubber case.
5. hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation device as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the fixation
Pallet semicircular in shape, diameter and transverse bar equal length.
6. the hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation device as described in claim 1-5 is any, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating simulating chamber, transformation chamber, simulation wellbore hole, perforation plugging device is that clear perspex material is made.
7. a kind of applied to according to claim 1-6 any hydraulic fracturing coal measures reservoir fracture extension morphological Simulation devices
Analogy method, characterized by the following steps:
1) axis pressure load operation is carried out:
The second valve is closed, the first valve is opened, the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump is screwed out and draws water inside the first reservoir, revolve
The first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump after the completion of extracting, closes the first valve, opens the second valve, precession is first-hand to outermost out
Formula force (forcing) pump is shaken to the water after the intracavitary injection pressurization of transformation hydraulic pressure, hydraulic pressure chamber inside water pressure drives pressurization partition to move down, squeezes
Depression simulates the simulation material in intracavitary portion；Wherein the intracavitary portion of hydraulic pressure detaches air in advance, makes to pressurize partition during decline
Water hydraulic static pressure loading is fully relied on, the simulation material loaded in the simulation material in intracavitary portion and the simulating chamber of simulation layer top is simulated
Unanimously；After to be loaded, the first hand-rail type force (forcing) pump is screwed out, pressurization partition bounces back reset under the action of contraction spring, with
Realize the pressurization repeatedly of transformation chamber；
2) ring pressure load operation is carried out:
The 4th valve is closed, third valve is opened, the second hand-rail type force (forcing) pump is screwed out and draws water inside the second reservoir, take out
After the completion of taking, third valve is closed, opens the 4th valve, precession the second hand-rail type force (forcing) pump simultaneously observes pressure gauge, pressure gauge rule
Lattice measurement range selection 0-20MPa, stops pressurization when pressure gauge registration reaches preset confining pressure value, and multiple-way valve is to each pressurization
Water inside ring after injection pressurization, pressure rings inner sidewall is by the outside deformation of hydraulic pressure, the simulation material of extrusion simulation chamber interior；
3) fracture simulation operation is carried out:
Pressurization valve is closed, the 5th valve is opened, third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump is screwed out and extracts ink inside third reservoir, take out
After the completion of liquid, the 5th valve is closed, opens pressurization valve, slow precession third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump is injected into simulation wellbore hole to be added
Ink after pressure, the top of third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump has pressure gauge that can record the pressure in simulation wellbore hole in real time, due to single
The water that secondary back-out third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump is extracted is possibly when being completely screwed into simulation wellbore hole can not be in simulation wellbore hole
Goal pressure needed for being formed, therefore the repetitious liquid extracted in reservoir is needed, and be cumulatively injected into simulation wellbore hole
It is interior, therefore need not being repeated under depressurization phase drawing liquid, drain pressurization in simulation well, then third is closed in second of drawing liquid
The pressurization valve of hand-rail type force (forcing) pump lower part, and the 5th valve is opened, third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump can be screwed out to realize mass colour
The pumping of liquid；Repeat aforesaid operations, and the moment observation transparent organic glass internal fissure extend situation, to from external observation to
When crack growth extends to the external margin of simulating chamber, stop precession third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump；Rotation is placed on simulation wellbore hole
Multiple groups perforation plugging device can realize it is different simulation room floor positions apertures unlatching and closure, i.e., realization different layers position hydraulic pressure system
It splits；
4) simulated operation is unloaded:
All safety-valves are closed, after standing 8-12 hours, pressurization valve is opened and screws out third hand-rail type force (forcing) pump unloading pressure
Power, the crack that interlayer is simulated to observe different coals/rock penetrate situation, meanwhile, to avoid disassembly process new life from disturbing crack to original
Beginning fracturing fracture impacts, therefore carries out post-fracturing crack count observation by the way of screwing out；Extract wherein any one
Bolt, and on the outside of simulating chamber plus ring pressure is successively dismantled from top to bottom, and pressure rings are slowly screwed out around bolt, screwing out angle is
30 ° -120 °, specific angle is depending on realistic simulation demand；
5) three-dimensional fracture figure is established:
After pressure ring to be added all screws out, coordinate origin is set to simulation wellbore hole lower central point, establishes 3 D stereo coordinate system,
Measure the coordinate of X, Y, Z of the key node of each crack in top with graduated scale, i.e. the turning point coordinate in crack, according to respectively splitting
Seam key node coordinate redraws three-dimensional fracture figure on AutoCAD software；
6) sunykatuib analysis:
By changing the selection of target fractured layer, ring presses size, axis presses size to study fracture extension growth rhythm in fracturing process,
To it is corresponding combine the key factors such as live vertical stress, horizontal stress and fractured layer bit depth to live pressing crack construction into
Row analysis.
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