CN206780075U - A kind of constant speed bent axle follow-up grinding machining experiment system - Google Patents
A kind of constant speed bent axle follow-up grinding machining experiment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN206780075U CN206780075U CN201720362267.4U CN201720362267U CN206780075U CN 206780075 U CN206780075 U CN 206780075U CN 201720362267 U CN201720362267 U CN 201720362267U CN 206780075 U CN206780075 U CN 206780075U
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Abstract
A kind of constant speed bent axle follow-up grinding machining experiment system, the system include lathe bed, head frame, chucks, bent axle, Z-direction guide rail, X direction guiding rails, motor and emery wheel, and the sidepiece of lathe bed is supporting table；Bent axle follow-up grinding processing is positioned with main bearing journal, using the trunnion line of centres as the centre of gyration, using modern cnc technology, linked by six axle synchronization interpolations of slide unit after workpiece rotary shaft, emery wheel feed shaft and grinding carriage, clamped one time is realized, double abrasive wheel is synchronously ground crank-shaft link neck and trunnion.The both sides of X direction guiding rails are provided with blind hole, and the top of X direction guiding rails is provided with cascaded surface, and blind hole is used to fill heat radiation working medium, ensures that the radiating of X direction guiding rails is stable；Cascaded surface is used to ensure that motor keeps stable in rotation process, while saves material.
Description
Technical field
A kind of grinding experimental system and process are the utility model is related to, is processed suitable for bent axle follow-up grinding,
By controlling traverse feed and the workpiece rotational motion of emery wheel, when being ground connecting rod neck, realize that grinding points are done around connecting rod neck center
Constant motion.
Background technology
Engine is the power producer of automobile, and bent axle (as shown in Figure 1) is withstood shocks as in automobile engine
The strength member of load, passing power, is the heart of engine, and the crudy of bent axle has a strong impact on the properties of engine
Index, it also just have impact on the service life and correlation function of vehicle.Because the complex-shaped inter process transhipment of bent axle is difficult therefore bent
The processing of axle is very high to requirements such as lathe, cubing and transfer tools.Accurate grinding processes the final processing process as Production of Crankshaft,
Determine the final crudy of bent axle.
When being ground connecting rod neck, by controlling traverse feed and the workpiece rotational motion of emery wheel, that is, the rotation of head frame
The reciprocal tracking (X-axis) for moving (C axles) and grinding carriage is coordinated signals, and the grinding points of emery wheel are tangent with connecting rod neck all the time, with up to
It is ground to servo-actuated real-time tracking, ensures the grinding quality and surface quality of connecting rod neck.Because connecting rod neck center is relative to trunnion
There is eccentric throw in center line, in headstock spindle uses permanent Rotation Process, the grinding points on connecting rod neck are relative to center of rotation
Speed and stress change constantly, and each position grinding time is also different, as shown in Figure 3.Therefore, there is work
Part surface grinding depth is uneven and unit interval clearance is change, causes out-of-roundness, the taper of workpiece, has a strong impact on
The precision and surface quality of workpiece, causes the raising of the defect rate of workpiece.
Utility model content
The problem of in being processed for bent axle follow-up grinding, rotated through the utility model proposes one kind based on headstock spindle
It is variable motion in journey, workpiece grinding points are relative to the bent axle follow-up grinding processing technology side that connecting rod neck center is constant motion
Method, the utility model are avoided in Grinding Process, speed and stress moment of the grinding points relative to center of rotation
The situation of change, for follow grinding working motion structure and work characteristics, when deriving crankshaft grinding processing, emery wheel and bent axle
The instantaneous position movement locus expression equation of grinding points, calculates in the whole tangential point tracking grinding cycle, is produced on rod journal
Raw permanent clearance cutting equation, realizes that grinding points do constant motion around connecting rod neck center, to reach accurate mill based on this
Cut the requirement of processing.
A kind of constant speed bent axle follow-up grinding machining experiment system, bent axle follow-up grinding processing (as shown in Figure 2) is with bent axle
Trunnion is positioned, using the trunnion line of centres as the centre of gyration, using modern cnc technology, by workpiece rotary shaft (C1,
C2 axles), after emery wheel feed shaft (X1, X2 axle) and grinding carriage slide unit (Z1, Z2 axle) six axle synchronization interpolations linkage, realization once fills
Folder, double abrasive wheel are synchronously ground crank-shaft link neck and trunnion.
A kind of constant speed bent axle follow-up grinding machining experiment system, the system include lathe bed, head frame, chucks, bent axle, Z
Direction guiding rail, X direction guiding rails, motor and emery wheel, the sidepiece of lathe bed is supporting table, and a pair of slide rail a, the installation of head frame are provided with the top of supporting table
On slide rail a；Bent axle is arranged on head frame by chucks；The bottom surface of lathe bed is provided with a pair of slide rail b, the bottom of Z-direction guide rail
It is engaged with slide rail b, bottom of the top provided with a pair of slide rail c, X direction guiding rails of Z-direction guide rail is engaged with slide rail c；Two X to
Guide rail is arranged symmetrically on Z-direction guide rail, and motor is mounted at the top of X direction guiding rails, and two motors are symmetrical arranged, every motor point
Not Qu Dong an emery wheel, emery wheel is corresponding with the position of bent axle.
The both sides of X direction guiding rails are provided with blind hole, and the top of X direction guiding rails is provided with cascaded surface, and blind hole is used to fill heat radiation working medium, protected
The radiating for demonstrate,proving X direction guiding rails is stable；Cascaded surface is used to ensure that motor keeps stable in rotation process, while saves material.
One kind is variable motion in rotary course based on headstock spindle, and workpiece grinding points are perseverance relative to connecting rod neck center
The bent axle follow-up grinding processing technology of motion is spent, this method comprises the following steps：
(1) the instantaneous position equation of follow grinding processing is established
As shown in figure 4, established and respective part in trunnion axis center, emery wheel center and connecting rod neck axis center respectively
Connected coordinate system O1X1Y1, O2X2Y2, O3X3Y3, fixed earth coordinates O is established in trunnion axis center0X0Y0.
During initial position, θ1,θ2It is zero, all coordinate system reference axis are parallel with earth coordinates, coordinate system O1X1Y1Origin is
(0,0), coordinate system O2X2Y2Origin be (L, 0), coordinate system O3X3Y3Origin be (R0, 0), emery wheel can be along X-axis
Move in parallel, displacement parameter is x, and bent axle can rotate around trunnion axis center, corner θ1.It is located at connecting rod neck axis center coordinate
There is a starting point (0,0) in system, terminal is arbitrfary point p vector r, vector r and connecting rod neck axis center coordinate system X3The angle of axle
For θ2, coordinates of the arbitrfary point p in connecting rod neck axis center coordinate system be：
In formula, r be arbitrfary point p vector modulus value, θ2For vector r and connecting rod neck axis center coordinate system X3The angle of axle；
According to the principle of coordinate transform, coordinates of the arbitrfary point p in main bearing journal axis center coordinate system is：
Coordinates of the arbitrfary point p in earth coordinates be：
In formula, R0It is trunnion and connecting rod neck axis center away from θ1The angle that can be rotated for bent axle around trunnion axis center；
Make arbitrfary point p be coincided with emery wheel center in present earth coordinates, obtain the instantaneous of follow grinding process
Position equation：
In formula, r=r2+R1, r2For connecting rod neck axle radius, R1For grinding wheel radius, trunnion and emery wheel when L is initial position
Axis center is away from x is displacement when emery wheel translates；
(2) rotating speed of the emery wheel around connecting rod neck axis center is established with bent axle around trunnion axis center rotation speed relation equation
It can obtain by formula (4) equation：
R0sinθ1+rsin(θ1+θ2)=0 (5)
So obtain, in connecting rod neck axis center coordinate system O3X3Y3In, emery wheel is around the corner of its axis center:
By to (5) formula derivation：
So as to obtain, in connecting rod neck axis center coordinate system O3X3Y3In, emery wheel is around the rotating speed of connecting rod neck axis center：
In formula,It is bent axle around trunnion axis center rotating speed,It is emery wheel around connecting rod cervical flexure center rotating speed；
(3) angular acceleration equation of the emery wheel around connecting rod neck axis center is established
By to (7) formula derivation, having：
In formula, ε2Angular acceleration for emery wheel around connecting rod neck axis center；
So as to obtain, in connecting rod neck axis center coordinate system O3X3Y3In, emery wheel is around the angular acceleration of connecting rod neck axis center：
WillExpression formula is brought into：
(4) emery wheel translational displacement, speed, acceleration equation are established
Emery wheel translational displacement can be obtained by formula (4) equation：
X=R0cosθ1+rcos(θ1+θ2)-L (12)
Emery wheel point-to-point speed expression formula can be obtained to formula (12) derivation：
Emery wheel translational acceleration expression formula can be obtained to formula (13) derivation：
(5) follow grinding design constraint equation is established
θ can obtain by formula (8)1+θ2≠ 90 °, or will to produce velocity location unusual, can be obtained by formula (5)：
So have：
R1＞ R0sinθ1-r2 (17)
Therefore it is required that grinding wheel radius should take it is very big.
(5) the instantaneous clearance equation of follow grinding is established
Emery wheel turns over θ around connecting rod neck axis center2Behind angle, material removal amount is：
In formula, δ is wheel grinding depth；
Material removal amount in unit interval, i.e. material remove speed：
So the instantaneous clearance of follow grinding is：
In formula, b is grinding wheel width, and "-" represents that grinding direction and emery wheel direction of rotation are opposite；
(6) constant speed bent axle follow-up grinding processing equation is established
Because head frame is non-permanent rotation speed operation, emery wheel moves with uniform velocity around connecting rod neck axis center, it is assumed that N is the rotation of head frame
Mean speed, so, the anglec of rotation of any processing stand is on connecting rod neck：
In formula, N is the mean speed of head frame rotation, and t is that any processing stand of connecting rod neck rotates θ2Time used in angle；
In bent axle follow-up grinding process, the headstock spindle anglec of rotation is by θ1, the displacement of emery wheel alternating translational movement
Controlled by x, thus bent axle follow-up grinding processing essence be digital control system according to a series of on θ1- x discrete data point refers to
Make to drive, so as to ensure that any processing stand of wheel grinding point and connecting rod neck is tangent.
Using Δ θ as the uniform sampling cycle, by headstock spindle rotate a circle in the range of θ1Value carries out discretization, such as following formula：
θ10=0 ＜ θ11＜ θ12＜ ... ＜ θ1n=2 π (22)
In formula, N is the number of discrete point, and
Using formula (6), corresponding θ is obtained2Centrifugal pump, corresponding x values, i.e. digital control system are then obtained according to (12) formula
Send order-driven positional information.(21) formula of utilization obtains corresponding time point, so as to obtain data matrix list：
Due to obtaining t0,t1...tn, so, so that it may the control parameter of head frame rotation is obtained, it is achieved thereby that constant speed is bent
Axle follow grinding is processed.
Compared with prior art, the utility model has advantages below：
The utility model is directed to follow grinding working motion structure and work characteristics, when deriving crankshaft grinding processing, sand
The instantaneous position movement locus of wheel and crankshaft grinding point expression equation, obtain emery wheel around connecting rod neck axis center rotating speed and bent axle around
Headstock spindle neck axis center rotation speed relation equation, establishes displacement, speed and the acceleration equation during emery wheel translational motion, and utilize
Simulation analysis observe that in traditional design when headstock spindle uses permanent rotating speed, the grinding points on connecting rod neck are relative to center of rotation
Speed and stress change constantly, and each position grinding time also different phenomenon, while pass through emulation point
Analysis obtains grinding wheel radius size and also follow grinding is had a certain impact, therefore, it is proposed to which a kind of rotated based on headstock spindle
During be variable motion, workpiece grinding points are relative to the bent axle follow-up grinding processing technology side that connecting rod neck center is constant motion
Method, based on this, follow grinding design constraint equation is established, drawn in the whole tangential point tracking grinding cycle, in rod journal
Permanent clearance cutting equation caused by upper, and utilize a series of on θ1- x discrete data Matrix List, obtain the rotation of head frame
Control parameter and emery wheel activation point information, so as to reach the purpose of constant speed bent axle follow-up precision grinding.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the plane structure chart of bent axle.
Fig. 2 .1 are that double abrasive wheel bent axle is servo-actuated numerically control grinder three dimensional structure diagram.
Fig. 2 .2 are that double abrasive wheel bent axle is servo-actuated numerically control grinder three dimensional structure diagram.
Fig. 3 is that main tapping frame uses permanent rotating speed grinding schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is bent axle follow-up grinding mathematical modeling figure.
Fig. 5 is emery wheel around connecting rod neck axis center rotating speedThe graph of relation to be rotated a circle with main shaft；Wherein, from the top down
Respectively grinding wheel radius is R1=300mm, the speed of mainshaftIt is constantly equal to π/3, π and 3 pi/2s change curve.
Fig. 6 is emery wheel around connecting rod neck axis center rotating speedThe graph of relation to be rotated a circle with main shaft；Wherein, scheme a to represent
It is respectively the speed of mainshaft from the top downIt is constantly equal to π/3, grinding wheel radius R1=300mm, 500mm and 1000mm change curve
Figure；Scheme b and represent to be respectively the speed of mainshaft from the top downIt is constantly equal to 1/3 π, grinding wheel radius R1=300mm, 500mm and
1000mm change curves.
Fig. 7 is emery wheel around connecting rod neck axis center angular speed ε2The graph of relation to be rotated a circle with main shaft
Fig. 8 is the graph of relation that emery wheel translation rotates a circle with main shaft；Wherein, scheme to represent grinding wheel radius R in a1=
Speed (solid line) and acceleration (dotted line) change curve during 300mm, scheme to represent grinding wheel radius R in b1Speed during=1000mm
(solid line) and acceleration (dotted line) change curve.
In figure, 1-lathe bed, 2-head frame, 3-chucks, 4-bent axle, 5-Z-direction guide rail, 6-X direction guiding rails, 7-electricity
Machine, 8-emery wheel, 6.1-blind hole, 6.2-cascaded surface, 9, trunnion, 10, connecting rod neck.
Embodiment
Method described in the utility model is realized by the software program installed on computers.It is provided with the computer soft
Part MATLAB softwares.
Method described in the utility model specifically includes following steps：
Step 1, the instantaneous position equation of the follow grinding process in earth coordinates is established；
Step 2, according to step 1, rotating speed of the emery wheel around connecting rod neck axis center is establishedWith bent axle in headstock spindle neck axle
Heart rotating speedRelation equation, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 curve is observed, according to the simulation curve variation diagram, analyze headstock spindleUsing not
With permanent rotating speed and grinding wheel radius R1To the influence degree of connecting rod neck grinding when taking different value, by analysis,Turned using perseverance
Speed,Change is very unstable,It is bigger,Change is more violent, meanwhile, R1Different value is taken, it is rightThere are different influences, R1More
It is small,Change is more violent；
Step 3, according to step 2, angular acceleration ε of the emery wheel around connecting rod neck axis center is established2Relation equation, observe 7 song
Line, according to the simulation curve variation diagram, analysisUsing influence of the permanent rotating speed to connecting rod neck grinding, by analysis,Adopt
With permanent rotating speed, ε2Change is very unstable；
Step 4, emery wheel translational displacement x, speed are establishedAccelerationEquation, Fig. 8 curve is observed, it is bent according to the emulation
Line variation diagram, to speed of grinding wheel when analysis headstock spindle perseverance rotating speed and grinding wheel radius take different valueAnd accelerationInfluence, lead to
Analysis is crossed, in headstock spindle perseverance rotating speed, grinding wheel radius value takes smaller, speedAnd accelerationChange is more unstable；
Step 5, according to the analysis of preceding step, follow grinding design constraint equation is established, according to the equation, draws bent axle
The grinding wheel radius of follow grinding should select a little bigger, the analysis result of step before further demonstrating as far as possible；
Step 6, the instantaneous clearance equation of follow grinding is established；According to equation, onlyWhen taking permanent rotating speed, it could realize
Follow grinding perseverance clearance.
Step 6, constant speed bent axle follow-up grinding processing equation is established, using a series of on θ1- x discrete data rectangular array
Table, the control parameter and emery wheel activation point information of the rotation of head frame are obtained, so as to ensure that times of wheel grinding point and connecting rod neck
Processing stand of anticipating is tangent, has reached the purpose of constant speed bent axle follow-up precision grinding.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. constant speed bent axle follow-up grinding machining experiment system, it is characterised in that：The system include lathe bed (1), head frame (2), Chucks (3), bent axle (4), Z-direction guide rail (5), X direction guiding rails (6), motor (7) and emery wheel (8), the sidepiece of lathe bed (1) is branch Platform is supportted, a pair of slide rail a are provided with the top of supporting table, head frame (2) is arranged on slide rail a；Bent axle (4) is installed by chucks (3) On head frame (2)；The bottom surface of lathe bed (1) is provided with a pair of slide rail b, and the bottom of Z-direction guide rail (5) is engaged with slide rail b, Z-direction guide rail (5) bottom that top is provided with a pair of slide rail c, X direction guiding rails (6) is engaged with slide rail c；Two X direction guiding rails (6) are arranged symmetrically in On Z-direction guide rail (5), motor (7) is mounted at the top of X direction guiding rails (6), two motors (7) are symmetrical arranged, every motor (7) One emery wheel (8) of driving, emery wheel (8) are corresponding with the position of bent axle (4) respectively；The both sides of X direction guiding rails (6) are provided with blind hole (6.1), and the top of X direction guiding rails (6) is provided with cascaded surface (6.2), and blind hole (6.1) is used In filling heat radiation working medium.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107116404A (en) * | 2017-04-09 | 2017-09-01 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of constant speed bent axle follow-up grinding machining experiment system and process |
| CN111015483A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-17 | 浙江水利水电学院 | Device for inducing wheel surface finishing and finishing processing method |
| CN113649935A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-16 | 罡阳轴研科技(灌云)有限公司 | High-precision crankshaft eccentric excircle follow-up polishing grinding machine |
| CN115555978A (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-01-03 | 上海圣德曼铸造海安有限公司 | Reduce car bent axle burnishing machine of bent axle damage |
| WO2023087206A1 (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-05-25 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Method and apparatus for calibrating crankshaft to be processed |
-
2017
- 2017-04-09 CN CN201720362267.4U patent/CN206780075U/en active Active
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107116404A (en) * | 2017-04-09 | 2017-09-01 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of constant speed bent axle follow-up grinding machining experiment system and process |
| CN111015483A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-17 | 浙江水利水电学院 | Device for inducing wheel surface finishing and finishing processing method |
| CN113649935A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-16 | 罡阳轴研科技(灌云)有限公司 | High-precision crankshaft eccentric excircle follow-up polishing grinding machine |
| CN113649935B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-03-10 | 罡阳轴研科技(灌云)有限公司 | High-precision crankshaft eccentric excircle follow-up polishing grinding machine |
| WO2023087206A1 (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-05-25 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Method and apparatus for calibrating crankshaft to be processed |
| CN115555978A (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-01-03 | 上海圣德曼铸造海安有限公司 | Reduce car bent axle burnishing machine of bent axle damage |
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