CN205428551U

CN205428551U - Reduce high energy efficiency wire of hot flex point

Info

Publication number: CN205428551U
Application number: CN201520553429.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄建平
Original assignee: 黄建平
Current assignee: Weihai Kunlong New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2015-07-27
Filing date: 2015-07-27
Publication date: 2016-08-03
Anticipated expiration: 2025-07-27

Abstract

The utility model discloses a reduce high energy efficiency wire of hot flex point, include: one or many load heart yearn / sticks comprise the combined material heart yearn / stick of one or stranded fiber reinforcement, and load heart yearn / stick bears at least 0.05% tension and meet an emergency, and the electric coupling chemical reaction that load core and conducting layer probably appear is avoided to the necessary appropriate insulating layer occasionally of load heart yearn / stick in addition, and the current -carrying part has the conducting material of one deck parcel type at least, for example aluminium, the aluminum alloy, and have more concentric parcel conducting layers, apply even and wind at outer conductive filament, and there are enough thickness (>on electrically conductive parcel layer, 0.5mm), bear tension hardly, electrically conductive parcel layer idea is for electrically conductive, also protects load heart yearn / stick simultaneously, and this wire and cable is around on the disc.

Description

Reduce the high energy efficiency wire of hot flex point

Technical field

This utility model relate to electrical power distribution with prestressed electric wire, especially, this utility model relates to the electric wire with load heart yearn/rod such as fibre reinforced composites.More specifically, this utility model relies on the autofrettage of load heart yearn/rod to make aluminum, aluminium alloy conductive material bear tensile stress in wire hardly or be in compressive stress state, and load core is in tensile stress state before lead, thus reduce the hot flex point of wire.

Background technology

Traditional electric power transmission lead such as steel-cored aluminium strand (ACSR) is widely used in electrical power distribution network.The novel conductive wire strengthened with the composite that thermal coefficient of expansion is lower than steel has been applied in electrical network improving transmission line capability and efficiency and reducing cost and meet the requirement (such as reliability and safety) of electrical network based on its excellent high temperature low arc drop characteristic.These novel conductive wires use aluminum (dead annealed) or high temperature aluminium alloys, and strengthen with Metal Substrate or macromolecular material based composites load core.Steel reinforced soft aluminum strand (ACSS) is another kind of high temperature wire, and it uses the soft aluminum after the annealing that can at high temperature run.

Hot flex point is correlated with the composition of different materials (such as load core material, conductive material) in wire, and it is defined as this temperature and is not subject to tension force with the conductive material in upper conductor or is in pressure state.Electric conductor in these wires such as aluminum, aluminium alloy is generally in tensile stress state after lead, thus causes its hot flex point higher than most wire running temperature states.Before wire reaches its hot flex point, its thermal expansion is substantially such as had the aluminum of high thermal expansion coefficient and determines by conductive material, thus causes big sag, limits the transmission line capability of wire, as shown in Figure 1.This is particularly important, because hot sag generally restricts the transmission line capability of such wire to using the wire in electrical network capacity-increasing transformation or large span project.

The hot flex point of wire except having with the characteristic of its constituent material outside the Pass, also affected by tension force and the tension force history of wire.

Gap-type conductor (GAP) is the extraordinary wire of a kind of high temperature resistant low arc drop by suppressing its hot flex point.This suppresses its hot flex point to reach by this wire in the installation process that it is special.Gap-type conductor is made up by accurately controlling the gap of steel core (i.e. load core) and unlined aluminium of steel wire and high temperature aluminium alloys, and this gap keeps and filling high temperature grease assists steel core and the relative motion required in wire installation process of aluminium lamination.Gap-type conductor must be installed by tension wire load core wire between tension force tower (exposing steel wire after peeling off aluminium lamination).This sequence of prestressing may need 48 hours or the longer time, and needs special device and lineman extra labor time, because lineman needs to revisit electricity tower after stretching process completes final tension force tower operational procedure.This wire shows low arc drop performance after correctly installing really, and because its hot flex point is located near or at installing temperature, the hot sag of wire now is only controlled (thermal coefficient of expansion of steel wire is about the half of aluminum) by the thermal expansion of steel wire.But, gap-type conductor is the most much more expensive and installation difficulty, and it requires training and the instrument of specialty, and site operation needs the more time.In addition, the load core of this wire almost bears all of load, if its fracture can be retracted inside wire aluminium lamination, make gap-type conductor reparation at the scene impossible, it is necessary to whole section of gap-type conductor between replacement and installation tension tower, cause the expensive delay that electric power transmission recovers, report is had to point out that As time goes on the lubricating oil within gap-type conductor have the phenomenon leaked out, and the object below electric wire of making dirty, and cause the hydrophobic oiliness of conductive line surfaces, form the globule and bring corona noise.Lubricating oil in gap-type conductor is also used for preventing the corrosion of steel core, and the corrosion resistant performance causing gap-type conductor is declined by the disappearance of lubricating oil.

The another kind of approach obtaining the low hot flex point of wire is set forth at Chinese patent CN102103896A1. and this patent mentions that annealed aluminium twisted wire, around carrying steel core, and carries steel core and passes through autofrettage.It claims that the wire made can bear longtime running ability under 150 DEG C of high temperature.The wire that this patent makes is in 2013 for a main China Power transmission project as commercialization by test run.Due to local lantern phenomenon and uneven sag, this wire in-site installation failure widely, and having to be replaced by conventional wires, the application further of this wire is forbidden by China national electrical network.This patent does not discuss hot flex point, or the scope of open stress distribution, or the stress level in aluminum stranded conductor, or the technique that processes of definite prestressing force load heart yearn and setting.Because annealed aluminium wire is softer, it is easy to deformation, during the release of load steel core prestressing force, soft aluminum stranded conductor may be made outwards to heave.When this wire is wound onto on take-up reel, the pressure that levels wire is formed may make the irreversible deformation of lax annealed aluminum wire.These permanent deformations of annealed aluminum wire not only cause the local lantern phenomenon of wire but also easily cause local aluminum thread breakage, produce focus and even break in wire current-carrying running.The heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire obtained by similar approach by JPS was attempted in 2002, also there is no commercialization success, because the aluminium alloy wire of major relaxation exists same problem.For high-temperature operation, wire load wire-core is also protected by JPS with thin aluminum covering, but, the aluminum covering on wire stylet can stand the tension force of up to 190MPA in wire stylet prestretched stranding process, easily causes vibrating fatigue damage.This thin aluminum covering can not effectively support and is in the wire stylet of tension force and makes it tighten to minimize, and the end of wire must be fixed before the release of tension in wire stylet, and after load wire-core Stress Release, all of aluminum steel can become to relax very much.This lax aluminum steel and wire end fixing device make such wire be difficult to process when manufacturing and field stringing is constructed.

High temperature wire such as indium steel-cored aluminium strand (INVAR) and Al-base ceramic fiber composite core aluminum stranded wire (ACCR), use the aluminum-zirconium high-temperature alloy material that can stand high-temperature operation.These wires generally have high hot flex point, usually meet or exceed 100 DEG C, are significantly larger than this type of wire daily current-carrying running temperature (being shown in Table 1).This type of wire scene prestretched processes and is seldom attempted.

The pretension of steel reinforced soft aluminum strand (ACSS) processes and is used once in a while.ACSS wire is between electricity tower, wire applied before completing tension force tower tension force gold utensil clamping operation the significant tensile stress wire pull strength of 40% (load be equivalent to) a few hours and completes.The prestretched of ACSS processes and really reduces hot flex point and improve hot sag, but, stress high in ACCS stretching requires to add the danger of electricity tower safe operation, the especially old biography power transmission tower in track remodelling project.

The wire that fiber reinforcement organic macromolecule-based composite material load-carrying core and annealed aluminium twisted wire make in the past decade obtains and is widely recognized as and applies, these wires have the aluminium twisted wire with carbon fiber composite core (ACCC) from CTCGLOBAL company, the C7 of SOUTHWire company, the LowSag of Nexans company, and the wire of other similar type.These wires generally use carbon fibre composite as load core, contain insulating barrier to prevent electric coupling chemical reaction between load core and aluminum.Carbon fiber complex core has minimum thermal coefficient of expansion, and these wires its hot sag more than hot flex point is the least, and current-carrying running temperature may be up to 200 DEG C, can transmit higher current-carrying capacity (during such as N-1 emergency) compared with traditional ACSR wire.These wire weight are light, and intensity is high, its composite material load-carrying core than steel wire load core more resistant to corrosion.

But, these composite material core leads generally its hot flex point 70 DEG C or more than.Below this temperature, the thermal stretching rate of wire, because still being determined by aluminum stranded conductor, demonstrates big hot sag.Such wire is substantially all the capacity-increasing transformation for old circuit at present.Generally these wires are not carried out autofrettage because old electricity tower perhaps can not bear suppression the hot flex point of wire required by heavily stressed.Causing wedge angle situation as construction processing is improper, composite material load-carrying core may cause because of excessive axial compression stress increasing fiber buckling failure, composite core rapid wear.The composite conductor of relatively fine load core has and preferably bends motility, but the wedge angle bending of load heart yearn/rod (the aluminum stranded conductor displacement adapt to) the most easily occurs simultaneously, when tension force deficiency in composite core, is more vulnerable to damage.If load core is damaged by only part, wire fracture may be postponed some months the most several years, and safety and reliability to electrical network bring serious threat.If composite material core lead can effectively prevent construction error, its load core is in big pre-tensile stress, and its conductive material bears tensile stress hardly, and this wire can be well suited for safety operation and installation, it is ensured that the safety of electrical network and reliability service.

Although the conductivity of the annealed aluminium offer maximum in these wires, but easily deformable under tensile stress (ACCC engineering manual).These wires rely on the carrying of load core, usually require that special gold utensil is fixedly clamped.The gold utensil cost that these wires use is sometime up to the 50% of whole construction costs, and this is the most acceptant to a lot of electrical networks, especially the engineering to cost sensitive, such as low-voltage network application.Composite material load-carrying core wire must use costliness and special accessory, as from the chuck of CTCGlobal company and skinning technique or the crimp contact aluminium insert mode from AFL company.Additionally, these wires particularly severe must follow stringing temperature and time requirement, especially diverge circuit, causes installation process complex and expensive.If Poling Construction tension force and time with phase conductor are different, each wire is likely to be of different hot flex points and has different sags with phase conductor after mounting, even results in when wire running temperature changes and is short-circuited.Such as, the electric network reconstruction project of Chinese 220 kilovolts in 2011, field engineer's report points out that ACCCDrake phase conductor sag demonstrates big difference, although the stringing tension force of same 18KN.One phase conductor is complete in construction on March 30th, 2011, and its sag observed significantly increased 0.69 meter April 2, and April 3 increased to 0.77 meter.Two other phase conductors in the same place of same circuit are constructed complete March 31 under the stringing tension force of same 18KN, the sag that piece wire is observed improve 0.9 meter April 2, April 3 increased to 1.175 meters, the sag that another root wire is observed improve 0.78 meter April 2, and April 3 increased to 0.86 meter.These conducting wire sags change the most greatly, and the most unpredictable, and this is a significant problem to field engineer and electrical network.If these wires have had low hot flex point (especially need not make pretension when the transformation project of old electrical network process), these wires then can be installed easily and accurately obtain target sag, and after error little to unavoidable some during stringing and installation, there is no sensitivity (such as the stringing time, temperature and with the change of tension force between phase conductor).

Another challenge of carbon fiber composite material core aluminum conductor is they sags big under refrigerated environment.For keeping sag to avoid electricity tower to bear excessive stringing tension force, after wire is declined by ice load tensile stress for the first time, engineer sometimes adjusts wire tension and improves sag further.This requires lineman's extra time and effort.If oneself has a low hot flex point before these wire construction, and do not have high pre-tensile stress to process requirement in electricity tower, these wires can be mounted higher position and electricity tower without bearing higher pre-tensile stress, this can preferably be used for processing the sag under frost load.

In the distribution line of low pressure operation, bear higher electric current density based on cost restriction wire.Build new electric power transmission distribution network network become more and more difficult because obtaining line corridor land used, use high temperature wire reasonably necessary, because Large Copacity when these high temperature wires can solve emergency, provide low line loss, high energy efficiency simultaneously.Because power distribution network high temperature wire is generally the least, this high temperature wire system should accomplish both to have saved money (in wire itself, accessory and installation) be easily installed again, safeguard, reparation.

So, electrical network is required to the wire of the hot flex point suppression of hot operation, and the suppression of the hot flex point of this wire is without impact wire carrying out between electricity tower pretension process and the safety on electricity tower causes.Additionally, composite material core lead should not only save money but also (including: installing concordance, without lantern phenomenon, maloperation is almost without impact, it is easy to repair maintenance, the most energy-conservation, ultralow sag and the compatibility with existing low price gold utensil accessory) easy of use.This utility model solves these problems by the wiring system scheme providing complete set.Wire of the present utility model by assuring that the load core in wire is in pre-tensile stress and its abundant electric conductor is not subject to tensile stress or is in compressive stress state, and before electricity pylon line, the (wire that saves money of utility model wiring system itself is realized without wire damage (including lantern phenomenon), install, repair and gold utensil), high transmission line capability and high energy efficiency, low arc drop under high temperature and freezing conditions, and the change of temperature is almost without all characteristics of sag impact.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is for above-mentioned technological deficiency present in prior art, and provides a kind of high energy efficiency wire reducing hot flex point.

For realizing the purpose of this utility model, this utility model provides a kind of high energy efficiency wire reducing hot flex point, including:

One or more load heart yearn/rod, it is made up of one or more strands of fibre-reinforced composite material core wire/rods, and load heart yearn/rod bears the tensile strain of at least 0.05%, and load heart yearn/rod has the electric coupling chemical reaction that a suitable insulating barrier is likely to occur to avoid load core and conductive layer if desired；And

The conductive material of current-carrying part at least one layer of coated, such as aluminum, aluminium alloy, thereby increases and it is possible to have and more wrap up conductive layer with one heart, even applies the conductive filament being wound on outer layer；And

Conduction integument has adequate thickness (> 0.5mm); and be to bear tension force hardly; conduction integument idea is to conduct electricity; the most also protection load heart yearn/rod (such as aoxidizes; high temperature; corrosion, and construct and during production and transport probably due to the load core that load heart yearn/rod experience excessive stresses especially axial compression stress causes damages)；And

This electric wire is wound on disk.

Wherein, load core is by substantially continuous reinforcing fiber (carbon fiber or ceramic fibre；Fiberglass fiber and basalt fibre, and the insulating barrier of other possible classes) (heat curing-type or thermoplastics type or metal mold in a resin base, it is likely to by the filler of organic or inorganic) form, and this load core can be single or many, can be real core or hollow, when load core is hollow, this load core can put into hollow parts for optical communication optical fiber simultaneously, especially apply on ground wire or distribution line, aluminum conductive layer can be aluminum (including duralumin), the soft aluminum that aluminium alloy (including high temperature aluminium alloys) and full annealing processed.

Wherein, the aluminum or aluminum alloy at least one of which of conductive layer, can also be made up of multilayer concentric layer aluminum or aluminum alloy pipe, or it is twisted on the load core that aluminum or aluminum alloy was coated with aluminum or aluminum alloy line, load core lives through pretension and processes, before crossing the first construction pulley, wish that at least 0.05% residue tensile strain is less than 15x10 at load core, the linear expansion coefficient of load core^-6M/m/ DEG C, load core has the radial direction anti-pressure ability of at least 3KN, and to avoid load core to be likely to occur damage when gold utensil is suppressed, described wire at least can have the production length of 500m.

Wherein, load core can be single, is similar to the individual carbon fibers wire of CTC or Nexans；It can also be many, it is similar to the ACCR of 3M, the C7 of Tokyo Zhi Gangjinan line company, all or part of load wicking surface carried out processing the tight firm strong bonded reaching between load core and coated with conductive layer, surface character includes protruding or depression structure, layers of braided fibers, or load core outermost layer is wound with fibre bundle (different from reinforcing fiber direction) and increases the combination between coated with conductive layer and load core and frictional force, the fibre bundle being wound around can stay load wicking surface, can also remove, wire outermost layer (load core coated with conductive layer is outer) is except being multilayer coating structure layer, can also be trapezoidal, Z, S or c-type and round conduction filament, or the mixing of these filaments.

Wherein, load core is still adequately protected in coated with conductive body, and the failure by shear of load core is damaged by the axial compression stress that the sharp corner bends having stopped to be likely encountered in construction is caused, and the wire of little load core is even more important by this.By improper operation, such as there is sharp corner bends situation in work progress in wire, can be directly by checking the damage (permanent elongation of tension force limit deforms, and pressure side has obvious impression) of coating conductor layer.

Wherein, described wire is applicable to distribution line (< 110Kv), and conventional construction technology, instrument and gold utensil can be adopted the most completely, the most maximum increase-volume of the aluminum conductive layer of high compactness and minimum line loss, described wire is particularly suited for large span and heavy icing area, because its intensity is the most superior to weight ratio, and hot sag is well applied by pretension and is solved on wire, the smooth surface of wire, the compact texture of conductor layer reduces windage and ice load to greatest extent, and load core may be used for the highest use temperature, because load core is the most directly by aoxidizing or environment is negatively affected, it is serious that this utility model wire is particularly well-suited to environmental pollution, seashore and have the desert area of sandstorm, because wire and load core thereof are protected by its smooth seamless surfacing.

Compared with prior art, this utility model solves the defect that background technology is above-mentioned, it is provided that a kind of high energy efficiency wire reducing hot flex point.

Accompanying drawing explanation

This utility model has carried out describing in greater detail in order to lower diagram according to one or more various detailed description of the invention, the figure provided is just to explanation, the selected embodiment of utility model is only described rather than all possible form, these figures contribute to understanding of the present utility model, it is not used to scope of the present utility model limits (the most should not be considered to limit range of the present utility model, scale and the suitability).It should be noted that these figures are that illustration is clear and easy to understand without drawn to scale.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the typical heat flex point of different types of aluminum conductor type.

Fig. 2, for reducing or suppressing hot flex point, causes ACCC, and the conducting wire sag of ACSS, ACSR and Invar type improves, and pre-tensile stress processes after heat flex point can be significantly less than the schematic diagram of ambient temperature.

Fig. 3 be pre-tensile stress process pre-tensile stress processing stage outside keep the load core of normal tensile stress to be coated with schematic diagram.

Fig. 4 is wire external layer stranded (circular, TW, C, S, Z or other configuration are acceptable), and the load core being meanwhile coated with bears the schematic diagram of the highest tensile stress during plying operation effectively suppresses the hot flex point of wire.

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that in installation process, before first sheave, wire pre-tensile stress at the scene processes.

Fig. 6-Figure 17 is the schematic diagram of some examples of the conductive wire cross-section with cladding load core.

Wherein,

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the wire of single load core and single clad；

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the wire of many load cores and single clad；

Fig. 8 is with hollow core (can be other hollow shape) and the wire schematic diagram of clad；

Fig. 9 and Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of abnormity load core wire；

Figure 11 is wire with the lock function such as perforate cross section of load core contributes to the link schematic diagram of load core and cladding interlayer；

Figure 12 is the wire schematic diagram with multiple concentric layer conductive material (same or different types)；

Figure 13 is that the wire with hollow load core, optical fiber or cable can be inserted into schematic diagram in the load core of hollow；

Figure 14 and Figure 15 is the schematic diagram that outer layer has the wire of C or TW twisted wire structure；

Figure 16 is the schematic diagram of the wire with hollow twisted wire；

Figure 17 is outer layer with the stranded multi-ply construction wire schematic diagram of TW shape；

In Fig. 1-2:

Sag (m)-sag (rice)

Temperature (DEG C)-temperature (degree Celsius)

The hot flex point of Kneepoints-

Ambient-ambient temperature

ACSR-steel-cored aluminium strand

ACSS-steel reinforced soft aluminum strand

Invar-indium steel-cored aluminium strand

Gap-gap-type conductor

ACCR-Al-base ceramic fiber composite core aluminum stranded wire

ACCC-carbon fiber clad aluminum twisted wire

In Fig. 3-5:

Pultrusionmachine-extruder

Steelwirestranding-steel wire twisted wire

Compositecorestranding-composite core twisted wire

31-Normalbacktension (laying tension the most backward)

1^stTensioner-the 1st tensioner

32-Pre-tensioning (pre-tensile stress process)

Conformingmachine (s)-coating machine

2^ndTensioner-the 2nd tensioner

33-Normalrunningtensiontoconductorreel (normal unwrapping wire tensile stress is to wire reel)

Strandingmachine-wire twisting machine

34-Normalrunningtensiontoconductortake-upreel (normal unwrapping wire tensile stress is to wire take-up reel)

36-Conductorreel (wire reel)

35-Sheavewhealin1^stStringingtower (the 1st tension force tower middle pulley)

Figure in utility model is not used as the detailed of precise forms disclosed in utility model or limits.Should be realized that this utility model can be modified in practice and adjust, right and homologue that this utility model is only required by it are limited.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, this utility model is described in further detail.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain this utility model, is not used to limit this utility model.

Should be noted that, " connection " described herein and be used for expressing the word of " connection ", such as " being connected ", " being connected " etc., both included that a certain parts and another parts were directly connected to, also included that a certain parts were connected with another parts by miscellaneous part.

Some figures that this utility model includes illustrate that the various embodiments of utility model embody from different perspectives.Although adjoint description text perhaps mention such view as " above ", " bottom ", " side ", such reference only describes, and it does not implies that or requires that utility model is implemented for a certain particular space and is orientated unless explicitly stated.

It should be noted that when temperature is less than the hot flex point of each wire type, sag increases rapidly, because temperature is less than the thermal expansion of aluminum conductive material domination wire during hot flex point.More than hot flex point, the thermal expansion of wire is controlled by load core.

The wire such as ACCC made of carbon fiber composite material core can provide most potential hot sag to improve within the scope of wide temperature.

It should be noted that it is necessary for reducing tensile stress to normal level before wire take-up reel, so that the wire that wire is on reel is minimizing twisting.

High tensile stress is kept between first tensioner (being positioned at the left side) and second tensioner (being positioned at the right).The method is applicable to all conventional wires types, such as the ACCC of CTC company, the C7 of the Lo-SAG of Nexans company, Southwire company, ACSR, ACSS, Invar etc..

Wherein,

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the wire of many load cores and single clad, and clad can be extruded/draw surface topography by similar or different covering material and form, and it has disintegrated the vortex shedding of wind center of percussion, eliminates abnormal wire apoplexy and shakes the worry of fatigue damage；

Fig. 9 and Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of abnormity load core wire, bonding and the link enhancing load core with being coated with interlayer, and same lock function is applied at conduction interlayer；

Figure 14 and Figure 15 is the schematic diagram that outer layer has the wire of C or TW twisted wire structure, and other twisted wires structure is as circular, S and Z is also suitable for；

Figure 16 is the schematic diagram of the wire with hollow twisted wire, which alleviates the weight of wire, expands diameter of wire, and this characteristic is also applicable to internal layer；

An aspect of the present utility model is between electricity tower, wire not to be carried out tension force process, and greatly reduces the hot flex point of wire.

More specifically, this utility model implements dependence aluminum, aluminium alloy retains as the load core autofrettage in the electric lead of conducting medium and prestressing force, rather than relies on electricity tower to regulate wire prestressing force.Additionally, the wire load core cladding above-mentioned conductive material mentioned of at least one of which.

Load heart yearn/rod in wire can be that the non-metallic fibers of sub-thread or multiply strengthens metal-base composites, fibre reinforced thermoplasticity or same with thermosetting compound material, or with other fibre-reinforced composite such as quartz fibres, alkali-resistant glass fibre, alkali-free glass fibre, S-glass fibre, H-glass fibre, silicon carbide fibre, silicon nitride fiber, the mixing etc. of alumina fibre, basalt fibre, the silicon dioxide fibre of special formulation and these fibers.Load heart yearn/rod in wire can be the mixture of the above-mentioned different cultivars mentioned.

This utility model embodies further and includes with soft aluminum (such as 1350-O) of annealing, aluminum (such as 1350-H19), aluminium alloy is (such as Al-Zr alloy, 6201-T81,-T82,-T83 etc.), the load heart yearn/rod of cladding, its single layer of conductive medium is completed by a series of coating machines by the wire of a coating machine or multi-ply construction.Cladding process not necessarily have to complete with coating machine, can reach similar form (i.e. required geometry or stress state) with miscellaneous equipment including stretching load core further.Coating machine or similar Processes and apparatus allow the quenching of coated with conductive material.Coating machine can be supporting with load core wire twisting machine or be used for making the extruder of carbon fibre reinforced composite core (such as the ACCC load core from CTCGlobal and the LoSag load core from Nexans) and combine.Extra conductive layer may select consideration wire twisting machine and wire is stranded in has around the load core of clad through what pre-tensile stress processed, and outer layer preferably considers with Z, C, or S-shaped wire carries out stranded.

The conductive material of cladding can reach 500 DEG C or temperatures above during cladding, conductive material is (such as aluminum, aluminium alloy, etc.) quenching effectively limit wire load core (such as organic polymer based composites) and retain integrity and the characteristic of load core in the open-assembly time of high temperature.The conductive material of load core surrounding is in ambient temperature or less than the bonding under ambient temperature and to compress retaining tensile residual stresses in load core be important, otherwise, the load core of relatively low thermel expansion coefficient will be exercised compressive stress by the conductive material of higher thermal expansion coefficient, thus reduces the effect that the pre-tensile stress of load core processes.

Load core is stretched sufficiently, and the conduction mixture rod combined closely along the conductive layer formation being coated with aluminum or aluminum alloy about is wound on wire reel.This conduction mixture rod can directly apply to DC application or the insignificant AC applications of skin effect (i.e. conductive layer thickness is less than the skin effect degree of depth required by the frequency of alternating current circuit) as wire, load core is in enough tensile residual stresses, and aluminum conductive layer bears tensile stress hardly or is in compressive stress state.This utility model can also be used for making cable plus outer insulation.

AC applications significant for skin effect, multilayer conductive material can be coated on around load core with one heart, every layer have certain thickness to realize AC resistance under minimum conductive material consumption minimize and skin effect maximizes.Big external diameter type wire for multilayer conductive material, it is contemplated that stranded outer layer conductor, because it contributes to carrying out wire winding at the reel of reasonable size and facilitating lead.If needing more aluminum conductive material, outermost layer can be TW, C, Z, S, or round wire, because it is not result in permanent lantern problem on deformation (internal layer of conductor material does not deforms, and the most there is not relative constriction when stoping conductor outer layer at release of tension or reduce and movement).Correspondingly, smooth superficies and the structure of densification are effectively reduced wind load and accumulated ice so that it is have low sag under the conditions of frost or strong wind weather.

This patent also can carry out extra prestressing force regulation at above-mentioned wire, this can be completed by the pre-cut length of the cladding load core calculated by the method for a pair tensioner described below or before clips working procedure completes, and all complete processes are not implemented big pre-tensile stress in the tower arm of electricity tower as conventional wires and processed.Such as, the above-mentioned wire mentioned uses a few set straining pulley to carry out autofrettage in stringing operating process before first sheave, and electricity tower is not implemented extra load by it.This can be completed simply by two set tensioners, and first set tensioner keeps normal laying tension the most backward to wire reel, and the second set tensioner recovers normal stringing tension force to avoid the excessive load of electric tower old in electricity tower especially improvement project.Wire stands the pre-tensile stress set between the 1st and the 2nd tensioner, it is typically about 2 times of wire mean tension every day load, to guarantee that pre-tensile stress orders about the hot flex point of wire less than wire common current-carrying running temperature, so that aluminum steel is not reached optimal self-damping by tensile stress, conducting wire sag does not changes with temperature.It should be noted that the straining pulley of the big external diameter in tensioner and the sheave of big external diameter will assist in control outer layer aluminum steel and relax.Wire factory can use the method described here big footpath wire prestretched during twisting process, this has perhaps attempted (being not disclosed) in Chinese patent, this is possible perhaps can accomplishing, but it is not recommended that be used for the wire that multilamellar is stranded, its aluminum steel can be caused significantly deformation and damage by this type of wire because being wound around on reel, the especially internal layer aluminum steel of wire, causes serious lantern phenomenon and wire site construction problem (simultaneously must use load core terminal fixer to stop inside load core indentation wire).This technique described here is equally applicable to traditional ACSS, ACSR, ACCC, ACCR, the types such as Lo-Sag, C7, Invar wire, making with different materials between the current-carrying part of this type of wire from heart yearn/rod, they can be used to effectively affect its hot flex point and electricity tower is not implemented high prestressing force.

The above-mentioned wire mentioned also can carry out normal stringing, the especially wire such as the ACCC from CTCGlobal or the Low-Sag from Nexans to single load core at the scene.Between two tension force towers, what a tension force tower one end of wire has connected, the other end can be sandwiched in load core (the ACCC core that such as chuck manufactures for CTCGlobal) with chuck casing assembly with wedge, release wire pull chuck, make stretching only act on load core to stretch load core length.When load core is extracted, material such as aluminum or aluminum alloy layer as conductive layer slides backward, load core is cut off precalculated length, and it is equivalent to load core and suffers the extending of tensile stress needed for the hot flex point reaching and needing set in advance, then completes end-blocking at second tension force tower.The hot flex point suppression degree of requirement is depended in the change of the length that the cladding core in this utility model wire or the load core in conventional wires (being i.e. different from of the present utility model) are wiped out.This method is especially to highly effective almost without the circuit of suspension tower between two tension force towers.In order to contribute to the slip of load core, can be at wire load core (be stretched and wipe out) and against load core slidably the most more lubricant or have a mind between leave little gap between conductive layer.

Although the wire described in this utility model is mainly used in high temperature application, these wires also can be used for the power transmission and distribution project of new line, and its hot flex point reduced decreases sag, improves power transmission capacity of pow.Prestretched processes and eliminates the tensile stress in conductive material (aluminum or aluminum alloy), causes the superior self-damping effect of wire and higher erection tension force, and this reduces conductor galloping tendency and the height of electricity tower and quantity simultaneously, reduces engineering construction cost.Shorter electric tower to grid company and service community thereof from environmentally more attractive.The clad of load core also plays and is similar to the extra aluminum casing that AFL gold utensil matching used with composite core requires, makes this utility model wire mate with all traditional pressing gold utensils and without any extra accessory, instrument or professional training requirement.

This utility model can be used for optical cable ground wire, and optical fiber can be placed in the hollow load core or steel pipe being made up of fibre reinforced composites, and conductive material is coated on around the hollow load core that pretension processes.Another embodiment of the present utility model is distribution wire, and the hollow composite material core that pretension processes aluminum or aluminum alloy is coated with, and the hollow of this wire load core is as the conduit of optical fiber.Another kind of embodiment of the present utility model is the major diameter wire being made up of hollow load core, hollow load core by aluminum or aluminum alloy cladding and processes for supertension or extra-high voltage application through pretension, corona effect is minimized, and load core is loaded optical fiber or only hollow.

This utility model enables composite conductor safe construction and durable in use further, the external sheath of load core substantially increases the effective diameter of load core, decrease the possibility of load core extremely wedge angle, it is to avoid the generation to the too much axial compression stress of the load core in clad.The big pre-tensile stress that load core retains, particularly with fibre-reinforced unidirectional composite material load core, it is effectively offset the load core axial compression stress produced by conductive line bends or wedge angle uniquely, minimizes or even eliminate the fiber flexing damage in such composite material core lead.The load core wire of cladding can directly be fixed with traditional chuck, and the low cost tool construction of routine.Load core cladding sealing surfaces greatly improves the corrosion resistant performance of wire, because polluter can not enter wire easily, composite core in wire is shielded effectively, and prevents the destroying infection (different from existing composite core aluminum strand wire structure) of oxygen or the entrance of aqueous vapor and ultraviolet or ozone.Being different from the integument applied on steel core in some business wires (aluminum Baogang or aluminum bag indium steel), it can largely increase the overall thermal coefficient of expansion of cladding load core and deteriorate sag performance.This patent integument has enough thickness, provides life-span protection to the load core of cladding, protects including galvanic corrosion.The thin packaging method that business wire is used, it is destroyed due to the vibration in wire and friction (between thin aluminum covering and aluminum steel) when thin aluminum integument, the electric coupling of aluminum and steel under (such as water or conductive contaminants) assists can be impregnated with at electrolyte and accelerate the corrosion within wire, shorten the life-span of wire.Cladding of the present utility model or parcel conductive material be not subject to tensile stress or be in compressive stress state, it does not affect the overall effective thermal expansion coefficients of cladding load core, maintains the superior sag characteristic of the wire that load core has itself due to its relatively low thermal coefficient of expansion.

According to above-mentioned description, can clearly further appreciate that this utility model range of application.It should be appreciated that this utility model can from arbitrary single in terms of or the combination of one or more different aspect implement.Should be further known to, diagram and embodiment are only illustration, itself and unrestricted scope of the present utility model.

Preferred embodiment the most of the present utility model detailed description and adjoint picture and related description make other objects noted earlier and of the present utility model the most apparent.However, it is contemplated that be that the people being typically familiar with power transmission cable or wire can be applied by revising some details according to structure of the present utility model and the explanation of structure and describing.Therefore, these pictures and explanation should not be used as the restriction to this utility model scope, but understood as broad sense teaching.

This utility model is the electric wire that a kind of hot flex point significantly suppresses or reduces.Embodiment of the present utility model is to aluminum, and the load pre-tensile stress of core unique application in aluminium alloy conductor processes and makes it remain prestressing force, and does not rely on wire autofrettage between electrical power distribution circuit on electricity tower.This utility model unique combination load core prestretched aspect of coated with conductive material or medium, it is coated with the pre-tensile stress that the conducting medium of enough comprcssive strength and thickness significantly remains in load core, making conducting medium be little affected by tensile stress or be in compressive stress after wire in-site installation, the cladding load core of generation remains overall low thermal expansion characteristics.

This utility model preferred embodiment relies on two kinds or above different materials composition wire, such as load core and conducting medium.The wire that this utility model makes has inherent low hot flex point.Unlike Gap wire requires complicated installation tool and technique, its wire, fixture, it is much more expensive for installing and keeping in repair.Wire of the present utility model makes it easier to install and repair due to the drift of hot flex point, and keeps low arc drop, high transmission line capability and high energy efficiency.

The present embodiment is applicable to existing multiple wire type, such as steel wire aluminum stranded conductor (ACSR)；Composite material core lead such as ACCR (3M company), ACCC (CTCGlobal company), C7 (SouthWire company), LoSag (Nexans company), multiply heart yearn (TokyoRope company)；The soft aluminum stranded conductor of steel wire (ACSS) and indium steel (invar) wire, as shown in Figure 2.Its preferred embodiment comprises the load core of the autofrettage of coated with conductive medium in wire (noting non-conductive medium perhaps compatibility but and non-preferred), this wire is prone to repair, install succinct, compatible with existing low cost gold utensil, it is very suitable for dealing with frost wind load and solving aeolian vibration and wave effect, maximum transmission line capability and efficiency are meanwhile provided.The conductive layer directly contacted with load core wishes have enough compressive resistances and thickness to keep the tensile residual stresses in load core, this layer of available other conductive material being different from conductive layer, conductive layer remaining part aluminum or aluminum alloy；Or, with the contact layer aluminium alloy of load core, annealed aluminium or annealed Al-alloy, and conductive layer remainder aluminum, or other similar combinations.

Conductive material such as aluminum after the hot flex point of wire and installation, aluminium alloy, tensile stress level is correlated with.The hot inflection temperature of wire is defined as not by tensile stress or being in compressive stress at the above conducting medium of this temperature.The hot flex point of wire depends on wire structure (composition material and each percentage ratio, stringing condition such as temperature, tensile stress and load experience).Such as, to the wire of following similar 25MM diameter under the conditions of the installation span of 300 meters and the stringing temperature (except a stringing temperature is in addition to 5 DEG C) of 21 DEG C, after installation, the hot flex point of each of which is listed in table 1:

This utility model recognizes wire such as ACCC and ACSS using annealed aluminium, and it is more easy to be processed by pre-tensile stress (or after ice carries) significantly reduce its hot flex point.Such as, carbon fibre composite load core wire reduce its hot flex point to subzero 50 degree be possible so that wire in its whole operation range of temperature sag to temperature-insensitive.The carbon fiber load core wire processed without pre-tensile stress its hot flex point in installation process is sensitive to the change of temperature and tension force, and is easily caused sag error and change.It is possible by process (making load core be in tensile stress, conductive aluminum is not by tensile stress or is in compressive stress) this problem being completely eliminated to the simple pre-tensile stress of this wire.Such wire can be used for sag sensitive and unacceptable application to environmental change.ACSS wire also can process through pre-tensile stress and obtain superior hot sag characteristic (equaling to GAP wire), but its steel wire load core is than carbon fiber composite material core thermal stretching or big.

The hot flex point of wire is also affected by installing temperature, is down to 5 DEG C when installation temperature from 21 DEG C as shown in table 1.For improving sag characteristic, in steel wire aluminum stranded conductor ACSR wire is installed, temperature is installed in the commonly used reduction of field engineer or raising tensile stress (variations in temperature) regulates the sag relevant to creep.Under wire lower temperature, than under high-temperature, pre-tensile stress has bigger inhibitory action to hot flex point to pre-tensile stress.

To traditional multilamellar stranded conductor, the environment of plant is comprehended at tensile stress pre-to whole wire permanent elongation and the deformation causing conductor wire.Typical process process such as wire stranding, when pre-tensile stress Wire-wound is on reel, the permanent twist deformation of aluminum steel especially internal layer aluminum steel in the wire that on reel, pressure between top layer wire and bottom wire will cause pretension to process, this can cause stoping all electrical aluminium wires correctly reorientating when tensile load or variations in temperature, causes wire unacceptable lantern phenomenon.The load core that conventional wires needs terminal fixture to process to avoid pre-tensile stress when the pre-tensile stress of factory processes is loosed core (if not having fixture, inside load core retraction aluminum-wire layer) so that the wire in factory and job site processes and becomes to bother very much.

For avoiding GAP wire to reduce the in-site installation of the complex and expensive that hot flex point is brought, and solve to process, with the pre-tensile stress of wire factory, the lantern problem usually caused, this utility model is by setting up and maintain the permanent tensile strain of load core in wire and tensile stress with conductive material cladding load core.Wrapped in wire layer should have enough thickness and compressive resistance to make substantial amounts of residue tensile stress be maintained in wire load core to obtain the low grade fever flex point after wire is installed and low grade fever sag characteristic.

Using cladding load core to have many in wire application, but the overwhelming majority does not carry out pre-tensile stress process, they do not have optimal heat sag characteristic, and the load core of cladding generally has even worse hot sag to show more higher thermal expansion than load core itself because of it.Aluminum integument or coating that wire manufacturer is applied on load core are the thinnest.They have a difference substantially from this utility model: 1) they are used as different purposes, reduce the hot flex point of wire not as autofrettage and by processing load core with pre-tensile stress；2) integument or coating is the thinnest is not applied for this utility model, because the pre-tensile stress of load core keeps high tensile stress to require the clad of adequate thickness after processing.Such as, Nexans uses aluminized coating in composite core in its Lo-Sag wire, its objective is as protection carbon fiber composite material core high-temperature oxydation degradation and decomposition.

In a word, coating of the prior art or the aluminum integument overwhelming majority are used for protecting steel load core, and have relatively small cross-sectional area compared with the area of integument or coating and steel core area itself, because they purposes are used to stop steel core subject to corrosion.Because load core stand with conduction integument or coating as stress condition (or not stretching, or stretching together), the load core (with integument or coating) of mixing can have more higher thermal coefficient of expansion than load core material itself, produces bigger high-temperature hot sag.

In order to avoid the increase of load core thermal expansion, the covering material of load core should not be by tensile stress or preferably at compressive stress after in load core pre-tensile stress processing procedure, particularly the autofrettage of load core terminates.The cladding of the load core of Tensile can be completed by the combination of coating machine with stretching device.The metallurgical binding of load core and conduction cladding metal is comparatively ideal but optional.If desired, binding agent can be applied and promote sticking between load core and covered with metal layer further in the surface of wire load core.Furthermore, it is possible to utilize the surface character of load core to promote all linked with one another of integument and load core.Conductive coating first-selection aluminum, aluminium alloy, but also other metal such as lead, stannum, indium tin oxide, silver, golden or nonmetallic materials with conducting particles.Such foundation is as shown in Figure 3.Conduction cladding metal will soften even melting under rubbed power effect in coating machine.If load core is manufactured by fibre reinforced organic polymer based composites, the glass transition temperature (thermosets Tg) of material or fusing point (thermoplastic) are sufficiently high to avoid them when contacting with cladding metal, degradation and decomposition to occur.The Tg of material should at least 100 DEG C, best more than 150 DEG C.This can easily reach by utilizing the sclerosing agent cured epoxy resin of anhydrides.The covered with metal layer of heat was preferably cooled to room temperature or temperature below in 60 seconds in 20 seconds.

When it should be noted that load core prestretched in this utility model, clad is the most deliberately by tensile stress, and in load core, after the release of pre-tensile stress, clad bears compressive stress so that load core shrinks and minimizes.The load core intensity that composite makes reaches more than 80ksi, modulus 5-40msi, CTE about-1x10^-6To 8x10^-6/℃.Most of composite core elastic modelling quantity, the modulus of such as ACCC core is 15-22msi, more much smaller than typical steel wire modulus (about 28msi).Applying coating layer and composite material load-carrying core is done pretension process be preferable, requirement that tensile load relatively small, clad can be easier to and more effectively make the contraction of load core reduce to minimum level.Additionally, unlike the current technology in reference material previously discussed, the load core integument implemented in this utility model allows the load core low thermal coefficient of expansion characteristic after cladding to retain uniquely so that the hot sag of wire of generation is minimum.

The step of cladding integument can combine with extruder or composite core stranding machine, or is incorporated into polynary load heart yearn/stock/rod wire stylet manufacture equipment, reduces cost further.The most optionally without first set tensioner, if pultrude process equipment or load heart yearn stranding machine can process prestretched Overmolded in speed and tension force, or bracing wire pultrude process stretches end and has enough tensile forces, load core is placed in the hollow pipe of covering material, load core and covering material pipe by single or a series of pultrusion moulds, are extruded and stretch and reach final size and structure together.In whole cladding process, load heart yearn/rod itself retains a tension state always, and wire is coated with the pretension of load core and reduces tension level by the 2nd tensioner before being winding to wire reel.If can bear bigger tension force during Wire-wound, wire can also second tensioner.If accurately different speed can be controlled in the step that production process is different to reach tension force purpose, tensioner can be required for.Other tensioners or method can be used to a pair tensioner replaced in Fig. 3.As the similar equipment such as being coated with, it is contemplated that conductive extruded sleeve is peripheral at load core, or the section bar gone out with extruding pultrusion, then it is wrapped in load core peripheral, and welds, and pultrusion further.Then aluminum steel can also add pressure handle aluminium lamination by radial direction and is attached on load core by twisted on load core.Additionally, the tension force stretching of load core can realize, simultaneously in the speed started and winding portion holding is constant by controlling hauling speed difference in draw stage.

Pre-tensile stress level in wire depends on wire size, structure, the hot inflection temperature of target of applied environment and requirement.If target is to allow the hot flex point of wire reach or close to stringing temperature (such as ambient temperature), if the stringing sag tension force (10-20% of usual specified wire intensity) that the tensile stress that load core requires is the most same, add the stringing sag tensile stress of 5-50%, not by tensile stress after preferably additionally 10-30% keeps aluminum steel stringing, significantly reduce compared with the tension force that wire prestretched between electricity tower processes 40% wire pull strength usually required that.If requiring lower hot flex point, then need higher pre-tensile stress.It should be noted that the carbon fiber that composite core uses has high-strength light and low grade fever sag.The fibre reinforced composites load core of cladding is highly suitable for in-site installation, because whippy load core can promote this wire by around straight resilience from reel.

For the application in terms of wire exchange, within skin effect requires that conductive layer should be at the skin effect degree of depth, during cladding process, load core is preferably formed with multiple concentric conducting medium layer cladding.The alternating current circuit depth of penetration varies with frequency.The depth capacity that 25Hz reaches for fine aluminium is about 11 millimeters, and 60Hz is about 17 millimeters.Each conductive layer thickness should be less than obtaining maximum allowable degree of depth during low AC resistance.This can be obtained by a series of coating equipments.High conductive material is it is contemplated that carry out optimizing surface effect by dielectric material coating between conductive layer or twisted wire.In addition, for improving the bending pliability of wire further, last layer of conductive layer or which floor is it is contemplated that stranded circle, TW, C, Z, the wire of the structural forms such as S, implements as shown in Figure 4, and the cladding load core that prestretched processed is further Tensile autofrettage in stranding process, make conductive layer, including outermost layer not by tensile stress or be in compressive stress state.This effect also can be completed by wire traction program, outer layer including this utility model is the pulley that stranded wire is installed on tensioner and multiple suspension tower, between two tension force electricity towers, first fix one end of wire one of wherein a tension force tower, the other end load core that pull-out is coated with before completing wire end-blocking the length calculated on the estimation be equivalent to the core elongation when the pre-tensile stress of wire processes and carry out cutting.After this step can help to promote twisted wire layer and cladding with enough lubricant (if oil, oils and fats or other similar materials are between twisted wire layer and clad) further, corresponding between load core is slided；Process significantly reduce the hot flex point of wire, as shown in Figure 5 in addition it is also possible to this aerial condutor carried out at the construction field (site) the pre-tensile stress of wire by a pair drawing tension machine.The implementation that these steps described and Fig. 4 and 5 describe also can be directly applied for traditional wire such as Invar, ACSS, ACCR, ACCC, LoSag and C7 etc., also includes that being applicable to load core does not uses each wire of clad.

The wire pre-tensile stress process that Fig. 4 and 5 implements considers acceptable from the lantern deformation angle of wire and can't go wrong.Technique unlike described in Chinese patent or JPS method, it is stranded that this utility model wire only has the most limited outer layer.Because not existing as in Chinese patent or JPS method, all aluminum conductors of wire internal layer are when compressing into reel or execute-in-place it may happen that the situation of distortion occurs, outer layer conductor wire can the most freely shift and be not obstructed (this patent does not has inner layer conductive line).Method of putting into practice disclosed in Fig. 5 is also fully applicable for conventional wires, if there is line impairment after wire is installed, repairing the wire of so process and some challenges (but do not have Gap wire the most serious) the most really occurs.The inside of line conductive layer this is because the load core in heart yearn still can be retracted so that before searching the load core difficulty and wire attended operation ruptured, the on-the-spot tension adjustment carrying out repairing wire becomes difficulty to reach certain hot flex point.

In this utility model, the structure of some wires is illustrated in Fig. 6-Figure 17.The heart yearn of cladding can have single load core or many load cores to twist together or bulk packing, and load core can be circular or other shapes such as circle that is oval or that improve with surface character are to the bonding or the mechanical interlocking that promote load core be coated with interlayer.These load cores can use continuous or discontinuous ceramic fibre, carbon fiber or other fibre-reinforced metal-base composites being suitable for；Can add with carbon fiber, glass fibre, the quartzy or thermosetting of other reinforcing fiber enhancing or organic thermoplastic polymer based composites, and this composite or include Nano filling without extra filler.Reinforcing material in composite can be continuous or discontinuous.Carbon fibre composite has a layer insulating with conduction interlayer, and this can be glass or basalt fibre reinforcing composite material (being parallel to axial direction, or braiding insulating glass fibers, or winding insulating glass fibers layer) or a layer insulating or insulating coating.The load core of cladding can be hollow, and the load core of hollow can accommodate optical fiber or cable, can be used for transmission distribution network network (fiber-to-the-home) or composite cable ground wire.Wire itself can be the load core of monolayer cladding.. conductive layer also can be the wire that cladding circle is completely smooth surface with one heart, interlayer with or without dielectric coat.Conductive surface can come off with the spiral disintegrating aeolian vibration with the surface character that pultrusion goes out.Interlayer can promote some relative movements with lubricant, but contacting between conductive layer with load core must be mechanically bonded closely or chemical bonding is to guarantee residual stress in respective composition part and strain is a large amount of keeps.Outer layer can be twisted into wire, can be the twisted wire of different types, such as circular, trapezoidal, and C, S, Z and other suitable shapes, preferably self-locking twisted wire such as Z, S and C twisted wire reach to reduce in a large number the smooth surface of windage.Electric conductor can be annealing or unannealed aluminum or aluminum alloy, or their mixture.

Load core can optimize by the surface character in load core further with the interface of clad, and surface character strengthens the interface locking with cladding interlayer of the load core with bonding to retain the stress maintained in elongation process.This includes but not limited to that feature that load wicking surface protrudes and load core rotate vertically.Additionally, same feature can be used for conduction interface layer following closely.As a mould example, fibre reinforced composites load core useable glass fiber is wound around its surface and forms screw shape or pinch plane.Steel wire can be with similar surface trait molding.In electric conductor such as aluminum or their respective alloy substrate, simple prestretched reinforcing fiber obtains the load core of pre-tensile stress effect.Method of the present utility model can put into practice with in the coating equipment of aluminum.Reinforcing fiber can be the type disclosed in this patent, such as ceramic fibre, non-metallic fibers, carbon fiber, glass fibre and other similar fiber types.

The wire high-temperature operation that resin base core makes requires stability and the long-time load core performance exposed at high temperature.The ACCC core of CTCGlobal company relies on electric coupling reaction overcoat (i.e. glass layer) to resist oxygen and invades carbon fiber portion.Nexans, Southwire and some other company attempt improving the durability under its composite core high temperature by one layer of protective coating.Coating is usual the thinnest (less than 0.5 millimeter), the intrusion of oxygen when being used for resisting high-temperature operation.These coatings are the most fragile, can not bear aluminum steel because it is the thinnest to fricting movement lasting between load core, and thermal expansion is not mated and be may result in aluminized coating and peel off, and the load core of exposure will face the aging life-span problems such as high-temperature oxydation decomposition.

Load core should have the minimum hot strength of 600MPa, to support the application of pre-tensile stress.To metal load core, pre-tensile stress must be at least up to or exceed the proportional limit intensity of this material and enter plastic deformation.In addition, load core must bear the radial compression from conventional brace crimping, the radial stress that cladding process is likely to occur, and conductive layer folds and the radial pressure of appearance in moulding technology, radial crushing strength necessarily requires a minimum level, radial crushing strength at least requires 3KN, preferably at more than 15KN, particular without the composite core of plastic deformation.

The unrestricted example in above-mentioned wire of this utility model and the method changing the hot flex point of wire, the element of foregoing description and material parameter, the change of technical specification and standard relates to structure and the change of wire flex point of wire, and it makes without running counter to teaching of the present utility model.The aforementioned explanation to embodiment is used for explaining and illustrating, it is not intended to exhaustive or limits this utility model.Each element of particular implementation or feature or parameter are typically not limited to this particular implementation, and on the contrary, at where applicable, it can also mutually be replaced, and can be used in institute's embodiment.Same thing also can be changed in many ways, and these changes will not be considered and deviate from this utility model, and all such modifications are intended to be included in the range of this utility model.

The most nonrestrictive application example is explanation of the present utility model, should not be construed to the restriction to range of application in any form.Selecting based on all wires of the present utility model and structure, some are described by Fig. 6-17, can be applied to following application example, and the benefit of each example also can be highly suitable for other applications.

Embodiment 1: electrical network capacity-increasing transformation

The common voltage range of transmission line of electricity capacity-increasing transformation is at 110KV-500KV, and existing electricity tower utilizes to reduce engineering cost and power-off time as far as possible.Track remodelling can charged be carried out, and need not arrange power-off in transformation process.The primary focus of track remodelling is under existing built on stilts spacing constraint and utilizes existing infrastructure to make transmission line of electricity maximum capacity as far as possible.Wire of the present utility model is optimal to this application, including high-compactness wire (almost 100% concentric layer, more taller than the ACCC wire of the CTCGlobal company of typical fine and close stranded conductor 93% filling rate), possible peak capacity (minimum resistance loss) is provided in normal operation condition.Under the emergency closure ruuning situation that wire operates in high temperature, wire of the present utility model is particularly suitable, invades and heat ageing because its load core avoids oxygen, it is allowed to wire is longtime running in its whole temperature range.Negative effect under the environment such as concentric coated wire of the present utility model does not exist conventional wires load core after lantern deforms and is exposed to ultraviolet, moist, ozone.Metal carbonyl coat on load core the most effectively protects load core to protect against the adverse effect from these environmental factorss.

The hot flex point reduced in wire will substantially reduce hot sag constraint (the hot sag of wire is not affected by the conductive material such as aluminum or aluminum alloy of high thermal expansion coefficient).Low hot flex point eliminates the sensitivity of full annealing aluminum high temperature wire, and otherwise the most significantly aluminum creep in wire causes the final flex point of wire and the uncertainty of sag.Aluminum in wire is not by tensile stress or is in compressive stress and makes its creep remove completely in wire, and after stringing, wire steps into final sag condition (without creep effect, it is assumed that do not have serious ice carrier strip part to reduce hot flex point further).This allows wire to install in electricity tower load limitation and obtains maximum built on stilts spacing (maximize transmission line capability and deal with Extreme Ice Loading).It also significantly simplify mounting process and effectively solves high temperature wire and especially diverge the sag variation issue of (ACCC wire is at U.S.'s PTTP electrical network) in wire.Predictable low arc drop contributes to electrical network and effectively manages its electric power transmission assets, because limiting factor when hot sag becomes crash program and state never again.

Conductive material fatigue damage in wire generally restricts the wire life-span.Wire conduction composition part in this utility model is little affected by tensile stress, and aeolian vibration aging effects can be effectively controlled, the stockbridge damper that need not require in circuit in the past, has saved engineering cost.If design engineer requires the Additional Protection of anti-aeolian vibration fatigue damage, it is contemplated that use Stock-Bridge stockbridge damper or spiral shell type shockproof rod-type vibroshock.The special protrusion surface character wire that has shown in Fig. 6-17 can be used to deal with further aeolian vibration.For the wire type that this utility model is big and heavy, can use extra oscillation damping method, as being additional to the dummy conductor section of wire, segment lengths different between wire further attachment point processes all of frequency range.

The costliness often of gold utensil used by the wire of newer type, because it needs the gold utensil considering to use special expensive to lock heart yearn with no damage.Load core in this utility model is protected by layer of conductive material the most naturally, and its permission matches with traditional gold utensil compression joint technique, and fixture is directly crimped on load core to realize mechanical load transmission.For the polynary load core such as composite material load-carrying core in C7, TokyoRope and ACCR type conductors, it is favourable the most necessary for avoiding the undue load of the contact point between many load cores with this patent and damaging.

Most of newly installed wire is full of noise due to the corona effect of high-tension line.Wire of the present utility model has O-ring surface, and the lubricant used in the operation of typical wire twisted wire is unnecessary, thus eliminates the noise effect that usual and new wire is relevant.

Unidirectional Fiber-reinforced Composite load core (ACCC, ACCR, C7, Lo-Sag, TokyoRope etc.) is often fragility, and the excessive axial compressive force that maloperation produces is easily caused fibrous fracture.Clad not only protects the load core coup injury from maloperation, and makes the effective diameter (i.e. clad outer layer) of load core more greatly thus relax the generation of wedge angle.Have the load core of lasting elongation strain and tensile stress there is a kind of built-in mechanism effectively to relax and liquidate the pressure pressure produced from bending so that the constructing operation safety of new wire and saving money.

Embodiment 2: the application of newly-built transmission and distribution network

Grassroot project is generally more sensitive to material and labour costs (such as wire cost, fixture cost and electricity tower cost).Some grassroot projects are for long range propagation and extra-high voltage, it is necessary to control corona effect, minimize conductor resistance and line loss.

This utility model implements to include that carrying out wire stranding with additional wiring layers along the load core that processed of pre-tensile stress of cladding improves the diameter of wire as extra-high voltage application, contributes to conveniently operating (require less reel disc around).For the alternating current circuit aluminum conductor of 60Hz, skin effect requires that the maximum gauge of conductive layer is 17 millimeters.Big wire need to consider multi-ply construction.Owing to large area cladding aluminum has been in prestressing force, wire is carried out extra pre-tensile stress and processes and make outer conductor layer be in compressive stress or be not very easy by tensile stress.This lantern deformation tendency that will reduce in wire.If desired, extra prestressing force refers to the load core pruning of suggestion in Fig. 4 and 5 or this utility model to be implemented.Extra conductive layer can be aluminum, annealed aluminium, aluminium alloy, or other kinds of conducting medium.First-selected is embodied as aluminum or aluminum alloy; it can bear bigger pressure (being difficult to outward expansion under pressure); more resistant to scraping compared with annealed aluminium, protect conductive line surfaces integrity, resist the minor accident under severe construction site condition or erosion that abrasion kite string is entangled on high-voltage line.

Suppression based on the hot flex point of wire, when wire running temperature is higher than its hot flex point, conducting medium such as aluminum is not by tension force (or being in pressure), wire has superior self-damping performance, can bear high erection tension force, such as 25-40%RTS (compares current more typical 10-20%RTS and sets up tension force).(conductor galloping is very harmful to power circuit to this not only reduces the tendency that line conductor waves, owing to there is different reasons different regions, it is very difficult to solve), and optimal wire terrain clearance can be obtained, thus reduce the height of electricity tower or increase the span between electricity tower to reduce engineering cost.Compact structure makes overwhelming majority conductive aluminum (as dead annealed) reach maximum fine and close packaging, compared with the most optimal wire such as ACCC, wire of the present utility model can obtain higher pack completeness so that it is has the highest transmission line capability and the more preferable efficiency of minimum line loss.

In order to solve the corona effect in supertension and extra-high voltage application, can use with hollow core, hollow conductive line or the wire of expansion cross section.For being further minimized corona effect, Hydrophilic Surface Treatment can be used to avoid the globule to assemble aluminum superficies.The fixture of traditional low-cost can be applicable to this utility model wire easily; because the load core of cladding is more firm to directly crimping; load core is preferably protected by clad and is resisted maloperation and environmental effect (as wire damages; corrosion; ultraviolet; ozone, dampness etc.) wire life-span of causing limits, and makes power transmission line have higher safety and reliability.

Embodiment 3: the application under special circumstances (super large span is across river cross a river, serious frost and seriously corroded area)

Across the fine and close wire that river cross a river and large span are applied or seriously frost region needs high-strength and high-modulus amount.If this power transmission lines is retrained by hot sag, then require part or the suppression of whole hot flex point.If transmission line sag is maked somebody a mere figurehead distance and is ordered about by ice load or wire weight, then require to use the fibre reinforced composites load core of high-strength light) by a part of or most aluminium alloys (such as aluminum zircaloy, 6201-T81) carrying reduces sag (the hot flex point of wire is not subject to autofrettage by less suppression, the most extra conductive material layer (beyond the load core coated with conductive layer of autofrettage).) autofrettage abundant to wire be close to design ice load so that wire has maximum built on stilts distance under high tension forces and electricity tower do not had excessive mechanical tension load simultaneously.This requires that load core pretension processes can extend at least 0.1%, preferably at least 0.25%.Aeolian vibration is typically dangerous in the application of long span, the hot flex point using wire declined to a great extent (as flex point decreases beyond 30 degree) be very important, reducing below the representative temperature that inflection temperature to aeolian vibration occurs the most in the winter time will maximize the self-damping of conductor wire.Fine and close natural smooth contour will minimize the accumulation of ice such as the concentric surface conductive layer closed and greatly reduces wind load.If wire has sufficient size, the most stranded its twisted wire of conductive layer of outer layer answers preferred construction such as Z, TW, C and S strand molded line to reduce wind load.Wire fault localization to critical transmissions span, monitor the accurate sag of wire in real time, conductor temperature and the stress of conductor, can be by loading single or multifiber interface between load core and the first clad (the best non-stretched process of optical fiber is to keep its service life).

Wire of the present utility model is particularly suited for corrosion and corrodes area.Conductive line surfaces completely encloses, and does not has passage to enter inside wire for pollutant, coarse sand or granule.Gap between conventional wires conductive strand is easy passage, causes electric wire internal corrosion.For the load core of metalline, itself and extraneous shielding are protected it from the impact of corrosion by the conductive material of cladding completely.

When wire applies flex point hot to wire insensitive, but require to mate with low cost gold utensil, and be easily installed and repair, although autofrettage step not absolute demand in wire production process but still be optional and first-selected, because usual aluminium alloy applied by the circuit section wire that ice load or wire weight are ordered about, this can cause significantly raising the hot flex point of wire.Suitably reduce hot flex point to make it below daily operating temperature and contribute to dealing with aeolian vibration and control hot sag so that height transmission line capability requirement when processing the emergency of N-1 and N-2, and simultaneously, when flex point does not has the reduction (more than the temperature that i.e. extremely heavy ice event occurs) of excess to suffer extremely heavy ice attack, wire has the carrying of aluminium alloy part to deal with and controls to carry ice sag.

Embodiment 4: distribution line and the application of optical cable ground wire

Power distribution circuit is not related to corona effect, because its operation voltage is less than 110KV.Wire can be exposed or insulation.In distribution wire, electric current density is typically higher (2-4 times of transfer wire), and line loss and efficiency are that be correlated with very much and important at power distribution network.The cost of wire, gold utensil and installation is more important in distribution line.Distribution line generally has capacity limit, but when N-1 or N-2 emergency needs, would be required to higher wire capacity.For the alternating current circuit of 60Hz, the skin effect degree of depth of aluminum conductor is 16.9 millimeters.Cladding load core wire of the present utility model is highly suitable for distribution line network: A) this wire is fine and close, pack completeness, close to 100%, minimizes resistance and line loss and maximises capacity of trunk.Due to the result of load core autofrettage, the hot flex point of wire is greatly reduced, and carbon fibre composite load core is also the most manageable almost without the hot sag of the steel core load core wire that hot sag, even this utility model are correlated with.The relatively small radius of fine and close distribution wire contributes to Wire-wound to wire reel, and it is the most sufficiently large simultaneously, makes the load core in wire from the damage of maloperation especially wedge angle.Although using little composite material load-carrying core stranded conductor to have the most superior bending radius scope, but, it is damaged by wedge angle situation the most easily, during this is because composite material load-carrying core suffers the least radius at the point of sharp turn, can cause excessive axial compression stress and fiber buckling failure.Distribution wire in this utility model alleviates and even eliminates, especially with carbon fibre composite load core, the reservation of load core autofrettage and tensile stress, the danger that axial compressive force causes fiber flexing to rupture.The conductive layer of cladding eliminates extreme wedge angle in composite core suffers wire and causes the probability of the axial compressive force of danger.This utility model also eliminates the danger of lantern deformation, and because conductor wire of the present utility model does not exist this probability, load core exempts from the intrusion of the dampness affecting the wire life-span, ultraviolet and oxygen.The pressing process that the cladding of wire is used with existing gold utensil and traditional clips and connecting clamps mates completely.The compact texture of wire makes it be applicable to low cost MaClean connecting clamps and tension clamp by simply inserting wire or the simple screw clamp from the companies such as PLP (i.e. load core is in prestressed wire) realizes the purpose of clips or connecting clamps, makes field repair high efficiency and saves money.

Except low cost, opposing maloperation and high power capacity (under room temperature and high temperature), this utility model wire (i.e. new-aluminum New-Al in table 2) has optimal high energy efficiency.Such as, in lower list 2 distribution wires, wire of the present utility model has the external diameter of other similar wire type.But there is high intensity and low resistance.This utility model wire running temperature in four electricity distribution bodies select is minimum, and it has the highest capacity (the almost twice of aluminium alloy conductor AAAC) and minimum line loss.Assuming that wholesale electricity price is 100/MWhr, this utility model wire improves more than 10% with the carbon-fibre wire ACCC phase specific efficiency of equal size, improves more than 25% with the aluminium alloy conductor AAAC phase specific efficiency of equal size.Every year, this utility model wire compared with the carbon-fibre wire ACCC of equal size every meter save about $ 1.85 ,-$ 6.8 can be saved owing to line loss reduces every meter compared with the aluminium alloy conductor AAAC of equal size.For heavy ice area (ice such as 30 millimeters), or wire has longer span length (such as 200 meters), and wire of the present utility model (i.e. new-aluminum zirconium New-AlZr) sag is also optimal.

Table 2: the distribution wire of equal wire size compares

Distribution line also can be considered for transmitting fiber-to-the-home.Using hollow core wire (autofrettage), penetrate non-stretched fiber optic cables in heart yearn, grid company has dog-cheap method to promote the resolution policy of " fiber-to-the-home ".For optical cable application this utility model ground wire almost without extra sag, the load core using hollow cladding can solve the optical cable ground wire phase line sag problem of disharmony to being made up of composite material load-carrying core very well, optical fiber or optical cable within hollow core can be additionally used in and monitor temperature continuously, load, electric current, tension force, or, this optical fiber also can be mainly used as optical-fibre communications (MCI).

Although the embodiment of this utility model first-selection is described with single-minded term, the aforementioned description to embodiment illustrates to be used for explaining and illustrating.It should be known that each element or the feature of particular implementation are typically not limited to this particular implementation.On the contrary, even if being not shown or described in detail, at where applicable, it can also mutually be replaced and can be used in selected embodiment.Same thing also can be changed in many ways, and these changes will not be considered and deviate from this utility model, and all such modifications are intended to be included in the range of this utility model.Change its replacement that include but not limited to equivalent characteristic or parts of example, and the exchange of various characteristic are implemented, and it can be put into practice by industry those of ordinary skill but not run counter to the spirit or scope of following claims.

Claims

1. the high energy efficiency wire reducing hot flex point, it is characterised in that including:

One or more load heart yearn/rod, is made up of one or more strands of fibre-reinforced composite material core wire/rods, and load heart yearn/rod bears the tensile strain of at least 0.05%；And

The conductive material of current-carrying part at least one layer of coated, and/or multiple concentric parcel conductive layer, and/or apply the multiply conductive filament being wound on outer layer；And

Conduction integument has adequate thickness > 0.5mm, and be to bear tension force hardly；And

Described wire is wound on disk；

Or,

One or more load heart yearn/rod, it is made up of one or more strands of fibre-reinforced composite material core wire/rods, and load heart yearn/rod bears the tensile strain of at least 0.05%, and load heart yearn/rod has the electric coupling chemical reaction that a free insulating barrier is likely to occur to avoid load core and conductive layer；And

The conductive material of current-carrying part at least one layer of coated, and/or multiple concentric parcel conductive layer, and/or apply the conductive filament being wound on outer layer；And

Described wire is wound on disk.

The high energy efficiency wire of the hot flex point of reduction the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that load core is made up of the one of following continuous reinforcing fiber: carbon fiber or ceramic fibre, fiberglass fiber, basalt fibre；In a resin base, can be heat curing-type or thermoplastics type or silicone rubber kinds or metal mold, it is likely to be made up of the filler of organic or inorganic, and this load core can be single or many, can be real core or hollow, when load core is hollow, this load core can put into hollow parts for optical communication optical fiber simultaneously, especially apply on ground wire or distribution line, the soft aluminum that aluminum conductive layer can be aluminum or aluminum alloy or high temperature aluminium alloys and full annealing processed.

The high energy efficiency wire of the hot flex point of reduction the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the aluminum or aluminum alloy at least one of which of conductive layer, can also be made up of multilayer concentric layer aluminum or aluminum alloy pipe, or it is twisted on the load core that aluminum or aluminum alloy was coated with aluminum or aluminum alloy line, load core lives through pretension and processes, and before crossing the first construction pulley, at least 0.05% residue tensile strain is less than 15x10 at load core, the linear expansion coefficient of load core^-6M/m/ DEG C, load core has the radial direction anti-pressure ability of at least 3KN, and to avoid load core to be likely to occur damage when gold utensil is suppressed, described wire at least can have the production length of 500m.

The high energy efficiency wire of the hot flex point of reduction the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that load core can be single；It can also be many, all or part of load wicking surface carried out processing the tight firm strong bonded reaching between load core and coated with conductive layer, surface character includes protruding or depression structure, layers of braided fibers, or load core outermost layer is wound around fibre bundle, increase the combination between coated with conductive layer and load core and frictional force, the fibre bundle being wound around can stay load wicking surface, can also remove, wire outermost layer, i.e. layer outside load core coated with conductive layer, it can be multilayer coating structure layer, or the conduction filament of one or more in following shape, trapezoidal, Z, S or c-type and round.

The high energy efficiency wire of the hot flex point of reduction the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that load core is still adequately protected in coated with conductive body.

The high energy efficiency wire of the hot flex point of reduction the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described wire is applicable to all electric pressures.