CN205276084U - Cavernosum gardens discarded object permeable pavement - Google Patents
Cavernosum gardens discarded object permeable pavement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN205276084U CN205276084U CN201520638612.3U CN201520638612U CN205276084U CN 205276084 U CN205276084 U CN 205276084U CN 201520638612 U CN201520638612 U CN 201520638612U CN 205276084 U CN205276084 U CN 205276084U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- garden waste
- concrete
- discarded object
- water
- mortar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a cavernosum gardens discarded object permeable pavement, surface course, articulamentum, basic unit and the bed course arranged in proper order including from the top down, the articulamentum is cavernosum gardens discarded object mortar, the basic unit is cavernosum gardens discarded object concrete, the composition of cavernosum gardens discarded object mortar includes cement, grit, gardens discarded object, the composition of cavernosum gardens discarded object concrete includes cement, grit, stone, gardens discarded object. The utility model discloses a permeable pavement has solved the pollution problem of urban garden discarded object, with it changing waste into valuables, is favorable to the environmental protection, have certain compressive strength and the stronger gas permeability of permeating water, hydroscopicity, the gardens discarded object, convenient for material collection, concrete and mortar other materials's application has been practiced thrift in its existence, therefore the cost is more economical and practical.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to a kind of road surface, especially a kind of spongy body garden waste porous pavement.
Background technology
Along with the constantly flourishing of World Economics and development, the earth changes the looks that it is original gradually. Urban construction is maked rapid progress, fast development, and public building, house, road construction make ground surface environment harden, almost changing the ecological environment building ground completely, atmospheric evaporation circulation is affected, and causes that in urban area, air humidity reduces, temperature raises, and is formed " tropical island effect ". This " tropical island effect " makes city in summer sultryyer, in air, dust increases, people's life increasingly feels uncomfortable, threaten the health of the mankind, hardened ground makes rainwater almost water cannot be descended over the ground to supplement, water resource utility model will cause arid year by year, and sandstorm is further frequent. The many North Cities of China, including Beijing, capital, it is exactly the example that environmental ecology wrecks that sandstorm phenomenon frequently occurs in recent years. City water resource is destroyed and runs off becomes the ecological problem become increasingly conspicuous, and mainly has the reason of five aspects:
1, sewage is directly discharged into urban river, lake, causes a large amount of clean fouling water of surface water, loses value;
2, the natural environment of ground water is destroyed, and Wetland Area reduces, river course hardening etc. so that Ecology changes, and water loses self-purification function;
3, garbage loading embeading, herbal sprinkling, snowfall salting etc.;
4, industry, inhabitation colony exhaustive exploitation subsoil water, cause that level of ground water declines and land subsidence so that urban architecture is on the hazard;
5, road surface hardening makes rainwater not permeate the ground, and in excess surface water, affects urban health and traffic, or after heavy rain, the water yield flowing into sewer increases, and increases huge processing load to the drainage pipeline in city and sewage treatment plant.
How to solve water resource ecological environment problem, protect our area so that people have a full ecological, natural, comfortable living environment, just become the problem that people have to pay much attention in the process of sustainable development. And green structural material also just becomes the first-selection of urban construction.
After Bartlit, cement, conventional ceramic square brick etc. pave road, owing to they are waterproof and airtight, when raining, the road surface of these hardening can not drink up the rain in time, but in vain allow substantial amounts of rainwater stream to rivers, under high temperature evaporation, the road surface of this hardening is not owing to having water retaining function, moisture can not be had to evaporate, thus destroying the water circulation of the earth so that the air exchange on road surface and air humidity reduce, and air quality is deteriorated, to a certain degree promote " urban heat land effect ", be also unfavorable for improving the haze phenomenon of puzzlement China most cities.
In the last few years, rain is met flooded must to evolve as the obstinate disease of China big and medium-sized cities. Conventional curing road surface, owing to substantial amounts of rainwater can not permeate the ground in time, one of main pushing hands becoming urban waterlogging. On the one hand, urban rainwater crossing current overflows and can incorporate substantial amounts of urban pollutant, such as automobile emission, house refuse, dust on construction site and toxic compounds matter, pesticide that meadow, city is sprayed etc., all these flow directly into rivers, can cause river pollution significantly. On the other hand, large-area city hydrops, not only affect the appearance of the city, affect normal operation and the life of people, long hydrops can grow mosquitos and flies, the health in strong influence city, it is easy to causes the popular of infectious disease. Due to a variety of causes in urban construction, road surface can constantly duplicate condition of construction, if floor slab uses common material (pitch, cement, stone material), these materials are usually cannot be reusable, so not only increasing municipal works expense, and produce a large amount of rubbish and inevitably produce other pollution.
2014, house town and country construction portion externally issues " sponge urban construction technical manual ", this means that the construction of the system of China's urban drainage prevention waterlogging from now on will no longer based on " repairing big pipe ", rainwater is become, from burden, the wealth that quenches one's thirst, theory of building will occur thoroughly to change. Build have nature accumulations, naturally osmotic, self-purification function sponge city be the important content of Ecological Civilization Construction, be realize the important embodiment that urbanization and environmental resource develop in harmony, be also the significant task of China's urban construction from now on.
As its name suggests, sponge city refer to city can as sponge, adapting to environmental change and tackle and freely there is good " elasticity " in disaster etc., water suction, water-retention, infiltration, water purification time rainy, it is necessary to time by the water " release " stored and be used. Sponge urban construction should follow the principles such as Ecology Precedence; natural way is combined with artificial measures; under the premise guaranteeing municipal drainage prevention waterlogging safety, realize rainwater to greatest extent in the accumulation of urban area, infiltration and purification, promote utilization and the ecological environmental protection of rainwater resource. In sponge Process of Urban Development, the systematicness of natural precipitation, surface water and groundwater should be planned as a whole, coordinate each links of water circulation use such as feedwater, draining, and consider its complexity and chronicity.
Build sponge city and will have " spongy body ". City " spongy body " had both included the water systems such as river, lake, pond, also included greenery patches, garden, such city, permeable road surface auxiliary facility. Rainwater by oozing under these " spongy bodies ", stagnant storage, purification, reuse, last remainder runoff, by row outside pipe network, pumping plant, thus the standard of sewerage system can be effectively improved, extenuates the pressure of urban waterlogging.
Existing porous pavement substantially meets the requirement of " spongy body ", compensate for the impermeability of prevailing roadway. It and prevailing roadway, the difference is that existing certain comprcssive strength, have again certain water-permeable and air permeable. Such as, Chinese utility model patent CN200981968Y discloses a kind of water penetration pavement, the surface layer done including the porous pavement brick of porosity 10��15% and the single Stone of cement punishment of porosity 18��20% or sand-free coarse porous concrete gap cement concrete. Owing to porosity is relatively big, therefore improves the water penetration on road surface, but it is more complicated to prepare macroporous technique, and porosity its crushing resistance more high is more poor, and the protection of ecological environment is also very limited.
Utility model content
Because the drawbacks described above of prior art, technical problem to be solved in the utility model is: providing a kind of porous pavement, both had good permeable and breathability, low price again, comprcssive strength is preferably, durable in use, and is conducive to the protection of ecological environment.
Porous pavement of the present utility model includes the surface layer, articulamentum, basic unit and the bed course that are arranged in order from top to bottom, and articulamentum is spongy body garden waste mortar; Basic unit is spongy body garden waste concrete; The composition of spongy body garden waste mortar includes cement, sand, garden waste; The concrete composition of spongy body garden waste includes cement, sand, stone, garden waste.
In a better embodiment of the present utility model, described garden waste is the fragmentation garden waste after pulverizing; Described spongy body garden waste mortar is the mortar obtained by cement, sand, fragmentation garden waste and water Homogeneous phase mixing, and its weight proportion is: cement: sand: fragmentation garden waste: the weight proportion of water is 100:200��300:5��40:45��60.
Further, described weight proportion is: cement: sand: fragmentation garden waste: the weight proportion of water is 100:220��280:25��35:50��55.
Further, described weight proportion is: cement: sand: fragmentation garden waste: the weight proportion of water is 100:250:30:50.
In another better embodiment of the present utility model, described garden waste is the fragmentation garden waste after pulverizing; Described spongy body garden waste concrete is the concrete obtained by cement, sand, stone, fragmentation garden waste and water Homogeneous phase mixing, and its weight proportion is: cement: sand: stone: fragmentation garden waste: the weight proportion of water is 100:90��150:190��250:5��40:45��60.
Further, described weight proportion is: cement: sand: stone: fragmentation garden waste: the weight proportion of water is 100:100��140:200��240:25��35:50��55.
Further, described weight proportion is: cement: sand: stone: fragmentation garden waste: the weight proportion of water is 100:120:220:30:50.
Further, described spongy body garden waste mortar and/or described spongy body garden waste concrete also include additive; The weight proportion of the described additive in described spongy body garden waste mortar and/or described spongy body garden waste concrete and described cement is 2��5:100.
Further, described additive is one or more in pigment, water reducer, reinforcing agent, air entraining agent, pumping admixture, retarder, early strength agent, accelerator, waterproofing agent, corrosion inhibitor, air-entrainment, extender, antifreezing agent, coloring agent, adhesive, asbestos army, Gypsum Fibrosum powder, dicalcium powder, slag and rubber powder.
Further, described surface layer is concrete water-permeable brick, and described bed course is blotter.
Spongy body garden waste mortar in this utility model and concrete permeable is good and the good theoretical foundation of power resistance strength is, for portland cement: the hydration reaction of portland cement is a heterogeneous chemical reaction process extremely complex, heterogeneous, the structure of cement material develops gradually along with hydrated reaction of cement, become plastic state from flow regime, eventually become condensation hardening state. Tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate aquation in cement generate hydrated calcium silicate and calcium hydroxide. Hydrated calcium silicate is the intensity main body in mortar and concrete, accounts for the content of 75% in cement, is commonly called as gel. Calcium hydroxide has strong adsorption, and it is adsorbed on sand, stone, garden waste periphery completely. Calcium hydroxide dehydration is hardened, and forms small gap, and garden waste belongs to fibrous material, and it connects one link to another in this concrete, so that water can cross this concrete along garden waste periphery fissure effusion, reaches good permeable effect. It addition, after a certain time, the garden waste in the mortar adopted in this utility model and concrete can spontaneous regression gradually, leave a void so that permeable and airing function is better; And owing to mortar and concrete firmly shape, therefore the impact of intensity is also little.
Quickening along with Urbanization in China, afforestation is owing to improving city environmental quality, alleviating urban heat island effect, maintain the special role of balance of city ecosystem aspect and be increasingly subject to the attention of people, constantly develop rapidly, the thing followed, the amount of garden waste such as dry branches and fallen leaves, branch pruning thing, turf-mown thing, weeds, seed and residual flower etc. is increasing, and garden waste becomes another big city garbage after domestic waste. Generally dry branches and fallen leaves was considered as municipal solid wastes in the past, the basic mode adopting landfill and burning, this pollution not only causing environment also brings the waste of resource, more makes material circulation and the energy Flow fracture of Green-land Ecosystem, and urban soil fertility can not get self?sustaining. It addition, the process of rice husk agriculturally, straw the like waste, generally processed in burning mode in the past, and be not only used effectively, cause air pollution on the contrary.
Spongy body garden waste mortar and concrete in porous pavement of the present utility model can reduce surface water runoff, the rainwater of 70��80% can be absorbed, recover natural storage capacity and prevent depletion of groundwater, improve the living environment of vegetation, the humidity of Gas regulation, purify air, recover the water circulation system on earth's surface; In urban construction, it is possible to save part engineering cost; There is good water absorption, water penetration, breathability and higher intensity. The intensity of porous pavement of the present utility model can be good at being applicable to bicycle road surface, such as municipal administration footpath, garden path.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
1, adopt concrete containing garden waste and mortar as the basic unit on road surface and articulamentum, solve city trees and shrubs waste pollution problem, it is turned waste into wealth, is conducive to environmental protection;
2, fragmentation garden waste is as implant in concrete and mortar, both ensure that road surface had certain comprcssive strength, again because they connect one link to another in concrete and mortar, forms netted gap and adds water-permeable and air permeable;
3, garden waste, draws materials conveniently, and it exists the other materials saving concrete and mortar and applies, thus the more economical material benefit of cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this utility model embodiment 1.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, this utility model is further described.
Embodiment 1
As it is shown in figure 1, porous pavement of the present utility model includes the surface layer 1, articulamentum 2, basic unit 3 and the bed course 4 that are sequentially connected with from top to bottom. Surface layer 1 is 200 �� 100 �� 60mm3Concrete water-permeable brick; Articulamentum 2 is the spongy body garden waste mortar that 30mm is thick, comprcssive strength is 10MPa; Basic unit 3 is the spongy body garden waste concrete that 100mm is thick, comprcssive strength is 15MPa; Bed course 4 is the blotter that 100mm is thick.
This spongy body garden waste mortar includes garden waste. Garden waste in this spongy body garden waste mortar is the fragmentation garden waste after pulverizing. This spongy body garden waste mortar is the mortar obtained by cement, sand, fragmentation garden waste and water Homogeneous phase mixing, and its weight proportion is: cement: sand: fragmentation garden waste: the weight proportion of water is 100:200:10:45.
This spongy body garden waste concrete includes garden waste. Garden waste in this spongy body garden waste concrete is the fragmentation garden waste after pulverizing. This spongy body garden waste concrete is the concrete obtained by cement, sand, stone, fragmentation garden waste and water Homogeneous phase mixing, and its weight proportion is: cement: sand: stone: fragmentation garden waste: the weight proportion of water is 100:90:190:10:45.
Embodiment 2
Unused figure illustrates. Porous pavement of the present utility model includes the surface layer, articulamentum, basic unit and the bed course that are sequentially connected with from top to bottom. Surface layer is 200 �� 100 �� 60mm3Concrete water-permeable brick; Articulamentum is the spongy body garden waste mortar that 30mm is thick, comprcssive strength is 10MPa; Basic unit is the spongy body garden waste concrete that 100mm is thick, comprcssive strength is 20MPa; Bed course is the blotter that 100mm is thick.
This spongy body garden waste mortar includes garden waste. Garden waste in this spongy body garden waste mortar is the fragmentation garden waste after pulverizing. This spongy body garden waste mortar is the mortar obtained by cement, sand, fragmentation garden waste and water Homogeneous phase mixing, and its weight proportion is: cement: sand: fragmentation garden waste: the weight proportion of water is 100:300:40:60.
This spongy body garden waste concrete includes garden waste. Garden waste in this spongy body garden waste concrete is the fragmentation garden waste after pulverizing. This spongy body garden waste concrete is the concrete obtained by cement, sand, stone, fragmentation garden waste and water Homogeneous phase mixing, and its weight proportion is: cement: sand: stone: fragmentation garden waste: the weight proportion of water is 100:150:250:40:60.
Embodiment 3
Unused figure illustrates. Porous pavement of the present utility model includes the surface layer, articulamentum, basic unit and the bed course that are sequentially connected with from top to bottom. Surface layer is 200 �� 100 �� 60mm3Concrete water-permeable brick; Articulamentum is the spongy body garden waste mortar that 30mm is thick, comprcssive strength is 10MPa; Basic unit is the spongy body garden waste concrete that 100mm is thick, comprcssive strength is 15MPa; Bed course is the blotter that 100mm is thick.
This spongy body garden waste mortar includes garden waste. Garden waste in this spongy body garden waste mortar is the fragmentation garden waste after pulverizing. This spongy body garden waste mortar is the mortar obtained by cement, sand, fragmentation garden waste and water Homogeneous phase mixing, and its weight proportion is: cement: sand: fragmentation garden waste: the weight proportion of water is 100:220:25:50.
This spongy body garden waste concrete includes garden waste. Garden waste in this spongy body garden waste concrete is the fragmentation garden waste after pulverizing. This spongy body garden waste concrete is the concrete obtained by cement, sand, stone, fragmentation garden waste and water Homogeneous phase mixing, and its weight proportion is: cement: sand: stone: fragmentation garden waste: the weight proportion of water is 100:100:200:25:50.
Embodiment 4
Unused figure illustrates. Porous pavement of the present utility model includes the surface layer, articulamentum, basic unit and the bed course that are sequentially connected with from top to bottom. Surface layer is 200 �� 100 �� 60mm3Concrete water-permeable brick; Articulamentum is the spongy body garden waste mortar that 30mm is thick, comprcssive strength is 10MPa; Basic unit is the spongy body garden waste concrete that 100mm is thick, comprcssive strength is 15MPa; Bed course is the blotter that 100mm is thick.
This spongy body garden waste mortar includes garden waste. Garden waste in this spongy body garden waste mortar is the fragmentation garden waste after pulverizing. This spongy body garden waste mortar is the mortar obtained by cement, sand, fragmentation garden waste and water Homogeneous phase mixing, and its weight proportion is: cement: sand: fragmentation garden waste: the weight proportion of water is 100:280:35:55.
This spongy body garden waste concrete includes garden waste. Garden waste in this spongy body garden waste concrete is the fragmentation garden waste after pulverizing. This spongy body garden waste concrete is the concrete obtained by cement, sand, stone, fragmentation garden waste and water Homogeneous phase mixing, and its weight proportion is: cement: sand: stone: fragmentation garden waste: the weight proportion of water is 100:140:240:35:55.
Embodiment 5
Unused figure illustrates. Porous pavement of the present utility model includes the surface layer, articulamentum, basic unit and the bed course that are sequentially connected with from top to bottom. Surface layer is 200 �� 100 �� 60mm3Concrete water-permeable brick; Articulamentum is the spongy body garden waste mortar that 30mm is thick, comprcssive strength is 10MPa; Basic unit is the spongy body garden waste concrete that 100mm is thick, comprcssive strength is 15MPa; Bed course is the blotter that 100mm is thick.
This spongy body garden waste mortar includes garden waste. Garden waste in this spongy body garden waste mortar is the fragmentation garden waste after pulverizing. This spongy body garden waste mortar is the mortar obtained by cement, sand, fragmentation garden waste and water Homogeneous phase mixing, and its weight proportion is: cement: sand: fragmentation garden waste: the weight proportion of water is 100:250:30:50.
This spongy body garden waste concrete includes garden waste. Garden waste in this spongy body garden waste concrete is the fragmentation garden waste after pulverizing. This spongy body garden waste concrete is the concrete obtained by cement, sand, stone, fragmentation garden waste and water Homogeneous phase mixing, and its weight proportion is: cement: sand: stone: fragmentation garden waste: the weight proportion of water is 100:120:220:30:50.
Preferred embodiment of the present utility model described in detail above. Should be appreciated that those of ordinary skill in the art just can make many modifications and variations according to design of the present utility model without creative work. Therefore, all technical staff in the art pass through the available technical scheme of logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment on the basis of existing technology according to design of the present utility model, all should in the protection domain being defined in the patent claims.
Claims (1)
1. a spongy body garden waste porous pavement, it is characterised in that include the surface layer, articulamentum, basic unit and the bed course that are arranged in order from top to bottom, described articulamentum is the mortar containing garden waste; Described basic unit is the concrete containing garden waste; Described surface layer is concrete water-permeable brick, and described bed course is blotter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520638612.3U CN205276084U (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2015-08-21 | Cavernosum gardens discarded object permeable pavement |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520638612.3U CN205276084U (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2015-08-21 | Cavernosum gardens discarded object permeable pavement |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN205276084U true CN205276084U (en) | 2016-06-01 |
Family
ID=56060668
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520638612.3U Active CN205276084U (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2015-08-21 | Cavernosum gardens discarded object permeable pavement |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN205276084U (en) |
-
2015
- 2015-08-21 CN CN201520638612.3U patent/CN205276084U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105297575B (en) | A kind of double useless pervious concrete pavements of cavernous body | |
| CN105174862B (en) | A kind of cavernous body garden waste concrete | |
| CN208235696U (en) | A kind of Rain Garden system based on sponge ecosystem purification of water quality | |
| CN105272071A (en) | Sponge concrete brick and application thereof | |
| CN206452933U (en) | A kind of road storing water for irrigation structure based on sponge city | |
| CN104196277B (en) | Functional rainwater garden suitable for interior of urban community grassy area in Shanghai | |
| CN101190833A (en) | Water permeable concrete and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN105174863B (en) | A kind of cavernous body garden waste mortar | |
| CN107034767A (en) | A kind of full pervious concrete pavement structure of regeneration aggregate and its construction method | |
| CN105271967B (en) | Double useless pervious concretes of a kind of cavernous body and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110451871A (en) | High service life colorful water-permeable concrete and its configuration method | |
| CN205557646U (en) | A water storage device for sponge city | |
| CN206602876U (en) | A kind of sponge City Green roof self water feeding pattern of farming | |
| CN105274966B (en) | A kind of cavernous body ecological revetment and its building method | |
| CN208618521U (en) | Rain Garden system based on sponge city | |
| CN107354842A (en) | A kind of park ecological permeable and the road for conserving vegetation | |
| CN105421575B (en) | A kind of cavernous body underground storage body and its application | |
| CN206442780U (en) | A kind of ecological tree well suitable for sponge city | |
| CN208747812U (en) | Rain Garden purification system | |
| CN106665101A (en) | Rainwater garden system used for community rainwater diversion, peak clipping and ecological purification | |
| CN205276084U (en) | Cavernosum gardens discarded object permeable pavement | |
| CN206828912U (en) | A kind of full pervious concrete pavement structure of regeneration aggregate | |
| CN105756295A (en) | Urban rainwater recycling reutilization system based on lava rocks | |
| CN205223777U (en) | Cavernosum concrete brick | |
| CN206337737U (en) | Ecological roof garden percolation structures for slowing down rainfall runoff |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20160930 Address after: 200333 room 201-204, Jinding Road, Shanghai, Putuo District, China, 108 Patentee after: Community, Putuo District, Shanghai City greening administrative institute Patentee after: SHANGHAI JIANGYE GARDEN LANDSCAPE ENGINEERING CO., LTD. Patentee after: SHANGHAI GREEN MANAGEMENT GUIDANCE STATION Patentee after: The Jiangsu Building Materials Technology Co. Ltd. Address before: 200333 room 201-204, Jinding Road, Shanghai, Putuo District, China, 108 Patentee before: Community, Putuo District, Shanghai City greening administrative institute Patentee before: SHANGHAI JIANGYE GARDEN LANDSCAPE ENGINEERING CO., LTD. Patentee before: SHANGHAI GREEN MANAGEMENT GUIDANCE STATION |