CN205029559U - Power switching circuit - Google Patents
Power switching circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN205029559U CN205029559U CN201520544262.4U CN201520544262U CN205029559U CN 205029559 U CN205029559 U CN 205029559U CN 201520544262 U CN201520544262 U CN 201520544262U CN 205029559 U CN205029559 U CN 205029559U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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Abstract
The utility model provides a power switching circuit that the little consumption step -down type power switching circuit of the wide voltage of mainly relates to and adopts interchange or dc supply and require to export the power switching circuit among stable low -voltage direct current's the electrical power generating system, and aim at provides a wide voltage input, stabilizes DC voltage output, has little consumption characteristic. Include: input, output circuit, the electronic switch pipe, energy storage device, vibration feedback circuit, starting circuit, drive circuit, the accelerating circuit, overvoltage protector spare, electric current, voltage sample and feedback control circuit, LDO linear voltage regulator etc. Part is constituteed, forms a steady voltage at last and has electronic switch 0's output DC voltage vout+. The utility model discloses (5mW) is extremely hanged down to the energy consumption under standby state, and input voltage's scope extremely wide (how many lie prostrate to several volts) makes the power use occasion enlarge simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the power-switching circuit that a kind of tool direct current exports, and especially relates to the power-switching circuit of the input of a kind of Width funtion, Micro Energy Lose, voltage-dropping type, belongs to electricity field.
Background technology
At present, it (is the following scope of safety low-voltage 36V that power-switching circuit on market generally can not realize Width funtion input, for civil power scope 85-265V, the input voltage range from a few volt to a few hectovolt can not be realized), stand-by power consumption is large, and (stand-by power consumption reaches tens even hundreds of milliwatts, energy-conserving and environment-protective requirement can not be met), moire disturbance large (load voltage ripple coefficient is larger), workload-adaptability difference (load variations causes output voltage instability), small product size SMD that is large, that can not realize power supply produces.
At present, step down supplies change-over circuit mainly contains five kinds of modes: Industrial Frequency Transformer step-down mode, electronic transformer step-down mode, resistance capacitance step-down mode, RCC Switching Power Supply step-down mode, PWM Switching Power Supply step-down mode.
1, Industrial Frequency Transformer step-down mode: obtain required DC low-voltage after adopting Industrial Frequency Transformer step-down after rectifying and wave-filtering again voltage stabilizing, major defect: power volume is large, weight lays particular stress on, power-efficient very low (generally only having 45% ~ 50%), voltage range are not wide (when input voltage changes, the i.e. change in equal proportion of output voltage, is therefore difficult to adapt to input the occasion occurring wide-voltage range).
2, electronic transformer step-down mode: general employing self-oscillation mode produces high-frequency signal and drives electronic switching tube to realize power conversion, major defect: power-efficient is lower, and voltage range is not wide (general 180 ~ 240V) also, and moire disturbance is large.
3, resistance capacitance step-down mode: by obtaining required DC low-voltage through voltage stabilizing didoe voltage stabilizing again after resistance, capacitance decompression after rectifying and wave-filtering.Its advantage is that circuit is simple, with low cost, but also there is obvious shortcoming: output current is little, output stability difference (be subject to the impact of voltage ripple of power network, do not possess and adapt to the ability of wide input voltage), power-efficient is low, quiescent dissipation is large (rear class voltage stabilizing didoe punctures electric current of voltage regulation and reaches several mA).
4, RCC Switching Power Supply step-down mode: voltage stabilized range is wider, power-efficient is higher (generally can accomplish 70% ~ 80%), applies also wider.But the frequency of oscillation due to this control mode is unfixed (along with the change of output voltage or electric current, frequency period alters a great deal), switching frequency is not easy control and causes scheduling and planning difficulty to be unfavorable for batch production, moire disturbance large (load voltage ripple coefficient is larger), abnormal load bad adaptability (load variations causes output voltage instability).
5, PWM Switching Power Supply step-down mode: mainly comprise the part compositions such as current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, pwm chip (control unit), electronic switching tube, start-up circuit and voltage feedback circuit.PWM Switching Power Supply carries out closed loop feedback by control unit by the difference of controlled signal and reference signal, the pulse duration (time ratio turned on and off) of regulation electronic switch pipe conducting, maintains a kind of power supply of regulated output voltage.PWM Switching Power Supply has the advantages such as efficiency is high, the adaptive capacity of output current large (power is large), input voltage range is good, but also there is the deficiencies such as circuit complexity, stand-by power consumption be large, still be not suitable for the occasion that ask for something volume is little, low in energy consumption, be not suitable for the full paster technique of SMT yet and produce in enormous quantities.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is: (scope of application is from safety extra low voltage (being less than 36V) to civil power (220V) to provide the input of a kind of super wide voltage; even arrive industrial voltage (380V)) the step down supplies change-over circuit with Micro Energy Lose characteristic; the utility model has Width funtion input; High-current output; stand-by power consumption; antijamming capability is strong, the features such as output voltage stabilization, and has overcurrent, short-circuit protection function.
The utility model has the following advantages:
1. wide input voltage range.Can realize the input voltage range from a few volt to a few hectovolt under the prerequisite selecting suitable FET, and output voltage keeps constant substantially, considerably increases power supply use occasion like this.
2. output current is large.Hundreds of mA even more big current can be exported under the suitable FET of selection and energy-storage travelling wave tube (inductor or transformer) prerequisite, adapt to load capacity strong (to back-end circuit supply burning voltage and electric current, therefore can heavy load be accessed).
3. Micro Energy Lose.In a static condition, circuit oneself power consumption extremely low (no-load current is close to 5uA), can realize " zero " power consumption standby power supply.
4. compact.Be applicable to the full paster technique of SMT produce in enormous quantities.
For achieving the above object, as shown in Figure 1, the utility model is realized by following technical measures: comprise input, output circuit, electronic switching tube Q1; energy-storage travelling wave tube 6; oscillatory feedback circuit 5, start-up circuit 3(ensures that circuit normally starts), drive circuit 4; accelerating circuit 2; over-voltage protector 1, electric current, voltage sample and feedback control circuit 7, LDO linear voltage regulator; sustained diode 2, the part such as filter capacitor C1, C3, C4, C5 composition.Described LDO voltage stabilizer (low-dropout regulator) is low-power consumption LDO voltage stabilizer; due to the stable performance of low-power consumption LDO voltage stabilizer, stabilized voltage characteristic is good, also has circuit self supporting capacity simultaneously; increase substantially the stability of power converter output voltage, reduce output ripple.
[accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the circuit block diagram of the utility model execution mode.
Accompanying drawing 2 is circuit theory diagrams of the utility model execution mode.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 2, input filter capacitor C1 is connected between voltage input end positive pole Vin+ and negative pole Vin-, and voltage input end (Vin+, Vin-) is connected to external dc power.
Whole circuit will be made up of following components:
1. input, output circuit: input (positive terminal be Vin+, negative pole end be Vin-) is connected with external dc power, input filter capacitor C1 one end is connected with input positive terminal Vin+, the electric capacity C1 other end with input negative pole end Vin-and be connected.Output (positive terminal be Vout+, negative pole end be Vout-) is connected with external loading.Input cathode Vin-, negative pole of output end Vout-and power supply publicly GND are connected.
2. start-up circuit 3: start-up circuit 3 is made up of resistance R3, resistance R3 one end is connected with input positive terminal Vin+, the source electrode of electronic switching tube Q1, one end of input capacitance C1.Its course of work: after powering on, voltage is by being sent to electronic switching tube Q1 grid (or base stage) after starting resistance R3 current limliting, the triode Q4 now in drive circuit 4 and Q3 successive conductive thus drive electronic switching tube Q1 conducting.After electronic switching tube Q1 conducting, it exports through sustained diode 2, energy-storage travelling wave tube 6, output current limiting resistance R8, then is filtered into VD (Vo+) through electric capacity C3 and C4, and this is the start-up course of whole power-switching circuit.
3. oscillatory feedback circuit 5: oscillatory feedback circuit 5 is made up of electric capacity C2 and resistance R5, basic annexation: one end of electric capacity C2 is connected with the drain electrode of electronic switching tube Q1, one end of energy-storage travelling wave tube 6 (inductor L1), the negative electrode of sustained diode 2, the electric capacity C2 other end is connected with resistance R5, the other end of resistance R5 is connected with the input of the output of current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit 9, drive circuit 4, the other end of power storage element L1 is connected with one end of electric capacity C3, and the other end of electric capacity C3, the anode of sustained diode 2 are connected with power supply ground GND.The oscillating circuit course of work: after electronic switching tube Q1 conducting, its output voltage feeds back to through oscillatory feedback circuit 5 (being composed in series by electric capacity C2, resistance R5) input in drive circuit 4 removes to accelerate electronic switching tube Q1 conducting through triode Q4 and Q3, when electric capacity C2 is full of electricity, triode Q4 and Q3 ends, and electronic switching tube Q1 ends immediately.
4. electric current, voltage sample and feedback control circuit 7: be made up of one-level voltage stabilizing circuit and current foldback circuit two parts, described respectively below.
1) one-level voltage stabilizing circuit: be made up of voltage stabilizing didoe Z2 and current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit 9, basic annexation: the anode of voltage stabilizing didoe Z2 is connected with the voltage input end of current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit 9, input VIN, the one-level output voltage VO+be connected of the negative electrode of Z2 and one end of current sampling resistor R8, LDO linear voltage regulator, the ground termination GND of current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit 9.Its course of work: when VD (Vo+) higher than voltage stabilizing didoe Z2 puncture voltage stabilizing value time, its output voltage (Vo+) output low level after current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit 9 sends into the triode Q4 base stage in drive circuit, triode Q4 and Q3 is ended, electronic switching tube Q1 switching tube also ends immediately, after electronic switching tube Q1 ends, and then the output voltage (Vo+) at electric capacity C4 two ends declines; When one-level output voltage (Vo+) voltage is lower than Z2 cut-off during voltage stabilizing didoe Z2 voltage stabilizing value, now current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit 9 exports high level, deliver to the triode Q4 base stage in drive circuit, make triode Q4 and Q3 conducting, thus drive electronic switching tube Q1 conducting, make the output voltage (Vo+) at electric capacity C4 two ends increase, this is voltage order one stabilization process.
2) current foldback circuit: be made up of current sampling resistor R8 and current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit 9, basic annexation: one end of resistance R8 and one end of energy-storage travelling wave tube 6 (inductor L1), one end of the electric current input of current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit 9, one end of electric capacity C3 is connected, the other end that the other end of resistance R8 and the electric current of current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit 9 input, the negative electrode of Z2, the input VIN of LDO linear voltage regulator is connected, the other end of electric capacity C3 and the ground end of current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit 9 are connected power supply ground GND together.Its course of work: when output current is greater than certain value, voltage difference now on current sampling resistor R8 impels current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit 9 to export low and high level, send into the triode Q4 base stage in drive circuit, triode Q4 and Q3 is ended, electronic switching tube Q1 also ends immediately, output voltage (Vout+) on output capacitance C5 two ends and then declines, and causes that output current is also corresponding to diminish.
5.LDO linear voltage regulator (secondary voltage stabilizing circuit): be made up of LDO linear voltage regulator 8 and electric output capacitance C5, basic annexation: the input VIN of LDO linear voltage regulator 8 is connected with the negative electrode of voltage stabilizing didoe Z2, one end of electric capacity C4, one end of current sampling resistor, the output end vo ut+ of LDO linear voltage regulator 8 is connected with one end of output capacitance C5, DC voltage output end Vout+, output loading positive terminal, and the earth terminal VSS of LDO linear voltage regulator 8 connects power supply ground GND together with the other end of the other end of electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5.Its course of work: when load has acute variation or has higher requirements to voltage accuracy, by adding secondary pressure circuit (comprising filter capacitor C4, C5) and LDO (low-dropout regulator/LowDropoutRegulator is called for short LDO) linear voltage regulator 8 obtains effect of better powering (obtaining more stable output dc voltage).
6. drive circuit 4: by triode Q3, Q4, Q5 and resistance R2 forms, basic annexation: the base stage of triode Q3 is connected with the emitter of triode Q4, the emitter of triode Q3 and the base stage of triode Q5, one end of resistance R2 is connected, the emitter of triode Q5 and the other end of resistance R2 hold GND with being connected to power supply, the base stage of triode Q4 and the collector electrode of triode Q5, one end of starting resistance R3, one end of oscillatory feedback resistance R5, the output of current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit 9 is connected, the pole electrode of triode Q3 and the collector electrode of triode Q4, one end of R1 in accelerating circuit, the base stage of Q1 in accelerating circuit, in accelerating circuit, the negative electrode of D1 is connected.Its course of work: triode Q3, Q4 form multiple tube for promoting electronic switching tube Q1, and resistance R2 and triode Q5 is for limiting the maximum drive current of electronic switching tube Q1.
7. accelerating circuit 2: by triode Q2, resistance R1, diode D1; its main annexation: in the negative electrode of the base stage of triode Q2 and one end of resistance R1, diode D1, drive circuit, the collector electrode of Q3 with Q4 is connected; one end of the other end of resistance R1 and the collector electrode of triode Q2, input capacitance C1, one end of over-voltage protector, external power source input positive terminal Vin+ and are connected, and the anode of diode D1 is connected with the other end of the emitter of triode Q2, over-voltage protector, the grid of electronic switching tube Q1.Its course of work: for accelerating the cut-off speed of electronic switching tube Q1 drive waveforms.
The above, it is only preferably specific embodiment of the present utility model, not any pro forma restriction is done to the utility model, although the utility model discloses as above with preferred embodiment, but and be not used to limit the utility model, any those skilled in the art, do not departing within the scope of technical solutions of the utility model, make a little change when the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement can be utilized or be modified to the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations, in every case be the content not departing from technical solutions of the utility model, according to any simple modification that technical spirit of the present utility model (technical scheme and utility model design thereof) is done above embodiment, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solutions of the utility model.
Claims (8)
1. a Width funtion Micro Energy Lose step down supplies change-over circuit, it is characterized in that: described change-over circuit mainly comprises: input, output circuit, electronic switching tube (Q1), energy-storage travelling wave tube (6), oscillatory feedback circuit (5), start-up circuit (3), drive circuit (4), accelerating circuit (2), over-voltage protector (1), electric current, voltage sample and feedback control circuit (7), LDO linear voltage regulator (8) forms, the positive pole (Vin+) of input is connected with external dc power with negative pole (Vin-), the positive pole (Vout+) of output is connected with load circuit with negative pole (Vout-), the negative pole (Vin-) of input, the negative pole (Vout-) of output and power supply publicly (GND) are connected, input filter capacitor (C1) is connected between the positive pole (Vin+) of input and negative pole (Vin-), described electronic switching tube (Q1) comprises triode or field effect transistor (MOSFET), described oscillatory feedback circuit (5) is made up of resistance and capacitances in series, described energy-storage travelling wave tube (6) is inductor or transformer, described start-up circuit (3) is made up of one or many resistance, described drive circuit (4) is by more than one or one triode, more than one or one resistance composition, described accelerating circuit (2) is by more than one or one triode, more than one or one resistance, more than one or one diode composition, described electric current, voltage sample and feedback control circuit (7) comprise sampling resistor, voltage stabilizing didoe, current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit (9) forms, wherein current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit (9) comprises transistor circuit, or operation amplifier circuit, or comparator circuit, start-up circuit (3) is made up of more than one or one starting resistance (R3), the positive pole (Vin+) of starting resistance (R3) one end and input, the source electrode of electronic switching tube (Q1), one end of input filter capacitor (C1) is connected, described LDO linear voltage regulator (8) is low-power consumption LDO voltage stabilizer, when load has acute variation or has higher requirements to voltage accuracy, by adding by the 4th, No. five filter capacitor (C4, C5) and the secondary pressure circuit that forms of low-dropout regulator LDO linear voltage regulator (8) obtain more stable output dc voltage and reduce output ripple.
2. a kind of Width funtion Micro Energy Lose step down supplies change-over circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: adding between the positive pole (Vin+) and negative pole (Vin-) of its input for by exchanging the full bridge rectifier and the filtering capacitor that are converted to direct current, the power-switching circuit of AC/DC can be formed.
3. a kind of Width funtion Micro Energy Lose step down supplies change-over circuit according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: described over-voltage protector (1) comprises Zener diode regulator, or piezo-resistance, or ESD inhibitor; or Transient Voltage Suppressor TVS, or ceramic gas discharge tube.
4. a kind of Width funtion Micro Energy Lose step down supplies change-over circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described oscillatory feedback circuit (5) is made up of No. second electric capacity (C2) and No. five resistance (R5), basic annexation: one end of No. second electric capacity (C2) and the drain electrode of electronic switching tube (Q1), one end of energy-storage travelling wave tube (6 (L1)), the negative electrode of fly-wheel diode (D2) is connected, No. second electric capacity (C2) other end is connected with No. five resistance (R5), the other end of No. five resistance (R5) and the output of current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit (9), the input of drive circuit (4) is connected, the other end of power storage element (6 (L1)) is connected with one end of No. three electric capacity (C3), the other end of No. three electric capacity (C3), the anode of No. second fly-wheel diode (D2) and power supply publicly (GND) are connected.
5. a kind of Width funtion Micro Energy Lose step down supplies change-over circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described electric current, voltage sample and feedback control circuit (7) are made up of one-level voltage stabilizing circuit and current foldback circuit two parts, described one-level voltage stabilizing circuit is made up of No. second voltage stabilizing didoe (Z2) and current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit (9), basic annexation: the anode of No. second voltage stabilizing didoe (Z2) is connected with the voltage input end of current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit (9), the negative electrode of No. second voltage stabilizing didoe (Z2) and one end of current sampling resistor (R8), the input (VIN) of LDO linear voltage regulator (8), one-level output voltage terminal (VO+) is connected, the ground termination power of current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit (9) publicly (GND), described current foldback circuit is made up of current sampling resistor (R8) and current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit (9), basic annexation: one end of current sampling resistor (R8) and energy-storage travelling wave tube (one end of 6 (L1), one end of the electric current input of current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit (9), one end of No. three electric capacity (C3) is connected, the other end that the other end of current sampling resistor (R8) and the electric current of current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit (9) input, the negative electrode of No. second voltage stabilizing didoe (Z2), the input (VIN) of LDO linear voltage regulator (8) is connected, the other end of No. three electric capacity (C3) is connected to power supply (GND) publicly together with the ground end of current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit (9).
6. a kind of Width funtion Micro Energy Lose step down supplies change-over circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described LDO linear voltage regulator (8) and output capacitance (C5) form secondary voltage stabilizing circuit, basic annexation: the input (VIN) of LDO linear voltage regulator (8) and the negative electrode of No. second voltage stabilizing didoe (Z2), one end of No. four electric capacity (C4), one end of current sampling resistor (R8) is connected, the output (Vout+) of LDO linear voltage regulator (8) and one end of output capacitance (C5), DC voltage output end (Vout+), output loading positive terminal is connected, the earth terminal (VSS) of LDO linear voltage regulator (8) and the other end of No. four electric capacity (C4), the other end of output capacitance (C5) is connected to power supply (GND) publicly together.
7. a kind of Width funtion Micro Energy Lose step down supplies change-over circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described drive circuit (4) is by more than one or one triode (Q3, Q4, Q5) more than and one or one resistance (R2) composition, basic annexation: the base stage of No. three triode (Q3) is connected with the emitter of No. four triode (Q4), the base stage of the emitter of No. three triode (Q3) and No. five triode (Q5), one end of No. second resistance (R2) is connected, the emitter of No. five triode (Q5) and the other end of No. second resistance (R2) are connected to power supply (GND) publicly, the collector electrode of the base stage of No. four triode (Q4) and No. five triode (Q5), one end of starting resistance (R3), one end of oscillatory feedback resistance (R5), the output of current and voltage signals control and treatment circuit (9) is connected, the collector electrode of the collector electrode of No. three triode (Q3) and No. four triode (Q4), one end of number one resistance (R1) in accelerating circuit, the base stage of No. second triode (Q2) in accelerating circuit, in accelerating circuit, the negative electrode of number one diode (D1) is connected.
8. a kind of Width funtion Micro Energy Lose step down supplies change-over circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described accelerating circuit (2) is by more than one or one triode (Q2), more than one or one resistance (R1), more than one or one diode (D1) composition, its basic annexation: the negative electrode of the base stage of No. second triode (Q2) and one end number one diode (D1) of number one resistance (R1), No. three triode (Q3) in drive circuit is connected with the collector electrode of No. four triode (Q4), the other end of number one resistance (R1) and the collector electrode of No. second triode (Q2), one end of input filter capacitor (C1), one end of over-voltage protector (1), external power source input positive terminal (Vin+) is connected, the anode of number one diode (D1) and the emitter of No. second triode (Q2), the other end of over-voltage protector (1), the grid of electronic switching tube (Q1) is connected.
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CN201520544262.4U CN205029559U (en) | 2015-07-27 | 2015-07-27 | Power switching circuit |
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CN109038865B (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2024-01-30 | 四川瑞霆智汇科技有限公司 | Temperature measuring device applied to cable accessory, power taking module thereof and switching power supply circuit |
CN110289756A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-09-27 | 海矽微(厦门)电子有限公司 | A kind of electric appliance and its standby power |
CN115514209A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-23 | 安徽中家智康科技有限公司 | APFC (active power filter) driving circuit of variable frequency air conditioner |
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