CN204832143U

CN204832143U - Earth's surface and soil reservoir capacity integration measuring apparatu

Info

Publication number: CN204832143U
Application number: CN201520554549.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周德民; 步飞; 周思月; 宫辉力; 李小娟
Original assignee: Capital Normal University
Current assignee: Capital Normal University
Priority date: 2015-07-28
Filing date: 2015-07-28
Publication date: 2015-12-02
Anticipated expiration: 2025-07-28

Abstract

The utility model relates to an earth's surface and soil reservoir capacity integration measuring apparatu, including soil reservoir capacity measuring apparatu and water yield pipe, soil reservoir capacity measuring apparatu is located below the ground surface, water yield pipe is located the top tube more than the ground surface and one is located the low tube below the ground surface including one, top tube and low tube juncture be equipped with can with the communicating pipe no. 1 of external world's intercommunication, top tube, low tube and communicate each other between communicating pipe, water yield pipe lower intraductal is equipped with one and can follows the gliding piston of pipe wall, and a traction motor promotes piston intraductal up -and -down motion under, traction motor and soil reservoir capacity measuring apparatu signal connection. This measuring apparatu has been realized earth's surface and soil reservoir capacity and has been evaporated the jointly monitoring of interface change processes such as oozing.

Description

Integrated measuring instrument for water storage capacity of soil and ground

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a hydrology measures the field, in particular to measuring apparatu suitable for monitoring of wet earth's surface environment such as wetland, this measuring apparatu have realized earth's surface and soil water storage capacity and evaporate the joint monitoring of interface change process such as oozing, especially moisture interface conversion and joint measurement under wet earth's surface environment such as wetland.

Background

The space-time change of the water storage capacity of the land and the soil is an important monitoring index of natural ecological environments such as wetlands, the space-time change of surface water and soil water, and the transformation between different interfaces of the surface and the soil also influence the ecological process and the succession pattern of a natural ecological system of the landed land. In order to quantitatively monitor the hydrological fluctuation characteristics of the natural surface environment of an area, the conversion process and fluctuation characteristics of the surface, soil water storage and water elements between different interfaces of the surface and the soil need to be detected, as a part of the water circulation of the land, one part of the surface water elements is infiltrated into underground water through soil or flows away through soil medium current, one part of the surface water elements is lost through evaporation, and the other part of the surface water elements is lost along with the surface runoff. Therefore, the water storage capacity and the water content change process of the land and the soil are used as important indexes of the environmental process of the land ecosystem, and the combined measurement and quantitative expression of the water storage capacity and the water content change process are particularly important.

In an over-wet ground environment, such as various types of wetlands, temporary flood areas, lakes and rivers with significant water level fluctuations, and the like, water in the ground environment is partially stored in soil, partially remains on the ground surface, and is constantly subjected to space-time interactive transformation. The fluctuation monitoring of the near-surface single-point water storage comprises the detection of the soil water storage and the surface water storage, and the existence form and the characteristics of the two water factors have great significance for the land ecosystem. At present, in a traditional observation mode of earth surface and soil water storage capacity, because the difference of interface characteristics is that soil water and earth surface water are separated, joint measurement is not carried out, large ponding areas such as reservoirs and rivers generally only measure water level height, and non-ponding areas such as fields generally only measure soil water storage capacity. However, in general, the existence of water elements in any surface environment is continuously subjected to space-time transformation, and the surface and the underground do not have water elements on an interface which are subjected to space-time division, so that the fluctuation characteristics of the water elements in the two media need to be measured simultaneously in a space-time continuous situation, particularly, the water storage capacity of soil and the water storage capacity of the surface cannot be ignored due to the unique hydrological characteristics of the over-wet surface environment, and therefore, the traditional measuring instrument needs to be improved, and the water storage capacity of the surface environment can be measured simultaneously to obtain the water storage capacity of the near-surface environment.

Evaporation and infiltration are important contents for hydrological monitoring, the evaporation mainly comprises soil moisture evaporation and water surface evaporation, and the infiltration is divided into saturated infiltration and unsaturated infiltration of soil.

The traditional small water surface evaporation instrument is usually arranged in the midair above 70cm away from the ground, is separated from the real environment of the ground surface, and has low measurement precision.

Most of the traditional soil lysimeters can only measure the infiltration and soil moisture evaporation capacity of soil under the unsaturated condition, and the infiltration and water surface evaporation capacity of the soil cannot be measured when the soil moisture content is saturated and the surface water is accumulated. Therefore, the traditional evaporation and infiltration measuring instrument is not suitable for measuring accumulated water areas and is only suitable for field measurement.

The measurement of the evaporation and seepage of the over-wet ground surface environment is different from the measurement of the evaporation and seepage of field soil and the measurement of the evaporation and seepage of a water accumulation area, and the over-wet ground surface environment, such as various wetlands, temporary flood areas, lakes and rivers with remarkable water quantity increase and decrease, has the unique characteristic that the same measurement point is sometimes submerged by water and sometimes has no water accumulation. Therefore, when measuring the evaporation and seepage condition of the over-wet surface environment, the soil evaporation and seepage measurement and the surface water evaporation and seepage measurement need to be considered at the same time. There is a need for improvements in conventional scopes to be used in over-wet surface environments.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model aims to provide a: the integrated measuring instrument integrates the water storage capacity measuring instrument and the lysimeter, realizes the combined monitoring of the water storage capacity of the earth surface and the soil and the change process of the water storage capacity of the earth surface and the soil such as the lysimeter, and is particularly suitable for monitoring the over-wet earth surface environment such as the wetland.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

an integrated measuring instrument for soil and soil water storage capacity comprises a soil water storage capacity measuring instrument and a water quantity pipe; soil water storage capacity measuring apparatu is located below the earth's surface, the water yield pipe includes that one is located the top tube more than the earth's surface and one is located the lower tube below the earth's surface, top tube and lower tube juncture are equipped with one communicating pipe that can communicate with the external world, communicate each other between top tube, lower tube and the communicating pipe, be equipped with one in the lower tube of water yield pipe and follow the gliding piston of pipe wall, a traction motor promotes the piston is at the intraductal up-and-down motion of lower tube, traction motor and soil water storage capacity measuring apparatu signal connection.

The surface and soil water storage capacity integrated measuring instrument is characterized in that the piston is provided with a pressure sensor for measuring the water quantity in the water measuring pipe.

The integrated measuring instrument for the water storage capacity of the earth surface and the soil is characterized in that a first electric control valve for controlling an external water inlet and outlet burette is arranged on the first communicating pipe.

The integrated measuring apparatu of earth's surface and soil water storage capacity, water buret is still including the induction tube that is located above the earth's surface, the bottom of induction tube is equipped with a hydraulic sensor, the position that the bottom of induction tube meets with the earth's surface is equipped with two communicating pipes communicating with the external world, be equipped with automatically controlled valve two on two communicating pipes, go up pipe and induction tube three formation of communicating pipe intercommunication, three communicating pipe and two parallel and level communicating pipe, be equipped with an automatically controlled valve three on three communicating pipe.

The integrated measuring instrument for the surface water and the soil water storage capacity is also provided with a vertically through medium groove, the medium groove is provided with two parallel and opposite groove walls, the lower parts of the two groove walls are respectively provided with a plurality of electrode grooves which are arranged at equal intervals along the vertical direction, a positive electrode plate is embedded in the electrode groove of one groove wall, a negative electrode plate is embedded in the electrode groove of the other groove wall, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are parallel and opposite to each other and form a capacitance space; the electrode plate is connected with the central processing module.

The integrated measuring instrument for the water storage capacity of the earth surface and the soil is characterized in that a plurality of medium tank middle walls which are equally spaced are arranged between two tank walls of the medium tank, and a temperature sensor is arranged in the center of each medium tank middle wall.

The integrated measuring instrument for the water storage capacity of the earth surface and the soil is also provided with a plurality of water storage devices at different depths, wherein at least one water storage device is provided with a downward water seepage collecting sheet, a horizontal pushing device can enable the downward water seepage collecting sheet to horizontally slide relative to the water storage device and extend out of the side face of the shell, and the water storage device and the horizontal pushing device are in circuit connection with the central processing module.

The surface and soil water storage capacity integrated measuring instrument is characterized in that sponge is filled in the moisture storage, an electric heating evaporation sheet is arranged outside the wall of the container, and a weighing type water quantity sensor is arranged at the bottom of the moisture storage.

The integrated measuring instrument for the water storage capacity of the earth surface and the soil is characterized in that the lower seepage water collecting piece is provided with a metal groove, an inclined water diversion groove extends from the bottom of one side of the metal groove, the water diversion groove can be contacted or isolated relative to the water storage device through the horizontal pushing device, water absorption paper is paved on the metal groove and the water diversion groove, and iron sand is paved on the upper portion of the metal groove.

The integrated measuring instrument for the water storage capacity of the earth surface and the soil further comprises an evaporation barrel located above the earth surface, a water level sensor is arranged inside the evaporation barrel, and an electric control valve is arranged at the barrel wall of the evaporation barrel, which is 15cm away from the barrel bottom, to control the inflow of the external water into the evaporation barrel.

The integrated measuring instrument for the earth surface and the soil water storage capacity comprises a moisture-removing and air-changing device, the moisture-removing and air-changing device comprises a ventilation pipe, the ventilation pipe is located between an upper pipe and a first upper pipe and is located above the earth surface, a ventilation fan is arranged on the upper portion of the ventilation pipe, and an air suction opening is formed in the lower portion of the ventilation pipe.

The integrated measuring instrument for the water storage capacity of the earth surface and the soil further comprises a vertical leveling device positioned on the upper portion, a fixed flat plate positioned in the middle portion and a conical arrangement head positioned on the lower end, wherein the vertical leveling device comprises a weight hammer type vertical sensor and a circular level bubble type level meter.

Compared with the prior art, adopt above-mentioned technical scheme the utility model has the advantages of: this integration measuring apparatu integrates water storage capacity measuring apparatu and evaporates the infiltration appearance, has realized the combined monitoring of earth's surface and soil water storage capacity and change processes such as evaporating the infiltration, and compact structure, convenient to use.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the exploded structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention with the housing removed;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the weight-type flattening device of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the weight type flattening device of the utility model;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the back structure of the evaporation barrel of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a view showing the structure of the water measuring tube unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of the water measuring tube unit of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a view of the piston structure in the water burette unit of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the piston of the present invention at an angle of the water pipe unit;

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the collection module for infiltration water according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the combination of the infiltration water collecting module and the pushing device of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of the fixing plate of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals: 1-a shell; 11-a media tank; 111-cell wall; 1111-an electrode plate; 112-middle wall; 1121-measurement well; 1122-dust plug; 113-a temperature sensor; 2-an evaporation barrel; 21-a water level sensor; 22-an electrically controlled valve; 3-a vertical leveling device; 31-weight vertical sensor; 311-a weight ball; 312-electrode tube; 313-an alarm; 32-round level bubble level; 4-a conical mounting head; 5-fixing the flat plate; 51-a fixed needle; 6-horizontal pushing device; 61-a stepper motor; 62-thin hydraulic jack; 63-a pushing plate; 7-infiltration collecting tablets; 71-a metal bath; 711-a flume; 72-absorbent paper; 73-iron sand; 74-a plug; 8-a moisture reservoir; 81-sponge; 82-electric heating evaporation sheet; 83-weighing type water quantity sensor; 9-a central processing module; 91-a central processing chip; 92-a power supply; 93-a data memory; 94-voltage current controller; 95-water storage measuring unit; 951-capacitance water converter; 952-piston movement controller; 953-piston traction motor; 10-moisture-removing and air-changing device; 101-a sensing tube; 102-an upper pipe; 103-communicating pipe one; 104-an electrically controlled valve I; 105-communicating pipe two; 106-an electric control valve II; 107-communicating pipe three; 108-electrically controlled valve three; 109-a piston; 1091-a pressure sensor; 1092-scale bar; 1093T-shaped chute.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments and drawings, the advantages and features of which will become more apparent as the description proceeds.

As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, for the utility model provides a pair of surface of land and soil water storage volume measuring apparatu, it includes a casing 1, one side of casing 1 has the rectangle column medium groove 11 of vertical through casing 1 upper and lower extreme, keeps away from the fixed evaporating barrel 2 that is equipped with in upper portion of mediating groove opposite side at casing 1, casing 1's bottom is connected with the toper and settles head 4, and casing 1 middle part is equipped with two fixed dull and stereotyped 5 that can rotate folding, fixed dull and stereotyped 5's end is provided with can fold the fixed needle 51 of accomodating to reduce strong runoff, the animal etc. causes the slope to the measuring instrument.

The top of the shell 1 is provided with a weight type vertical sensor 31 and a round level bubble type 32.

In this embodiment, the central processing module 9 is located at the lower part of the vertical leveling device 3 and located in the housing 1 at the upper part of the fixed plate 5, the central processing module 9 includes a central processing chip 91, an intelligent power supply 92, a data storage 93, a voltage/current controller 94, and a water storage measuring unit 95, wherein the water storage measuring unit 95 includes: the device comprises a capacitance water quantity converter 951, a piston movement controller 952 and a piston traction motor 953, wherein the central processing module 9 is electrically connected with a water storage quantity measuring instrument and a water lysimeter respectively, and the central processing chip 91 can realize the setting of a sampling period and carry out error correction on measured data according to the requirements of a user.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the circular level bubble type 32 is disposed at the top end of the weight type vertical sensor 31, when an instrument is installed, the bubble is always kept at the middle position, that is, the instrument can be vertically installed, the weight type vertical sensor 31 includes a weight ball 311, an electrode tube 312 and an alarm 313, the weight ball 311 is connected with a negative electrode through a lead, the electrode tube 312 surrounds the lead and the weight ball 311, and the electrode tube 312 is connected with a positive electrode; when the instrument is not vertical, the weight ball 311 contacts the electrode tube 312, the alarm 313 gives an alarm, when the instrument is vertical, the weight ball 311 is separated from the electrode tube 312, the alarm 313 stops giving the alarm, and within an error allowable range, the 32 transmits the measured eccentricity value to the central processing module 9 through an electric signal, and the central processing module 9 performs error correction on corresponding measured data according to the eccentricity value.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 6, a water level sensor 21 (in this embodiment, a capacitive liquid level sensor) is disposed inside the evaporation barrel 2, and an electric control valve 22 is installed on a side of the evaporation barrel 2 facing away from the instrument for controlling external water flow to enter and exit the evaporation barrel 2, wherein the electric control valve 22 of this embodiment is 15cm away from the bottom of the barrel, and the electric control valve 22 and the water level sensor 21 are connected to a central processing chip 91 of a central processing module 9 of the instrument through an electronic circuit board built in the bottom of the barrel for transmitting measurement data and electric signals. The evaporation barrel 2 is used for measuring the evaporation amount and the evaporation rate of surface water.

The evaporation barrel 2 is measured and used as follows:

1) the evaporation vessel 2 was filled with water before the measurement.

2) The central processing chip 91 in the central processing module 9 judges whether surface water exists outside through the water level sensor 21 at the bottom of the evaporation barrel 2. If no surface water exists, closing the evaporation barrel 2; and if the surface water exists, judging whether the surface water level is more than 15 cm.

3) If the distance is less than 15cm, the electric control valve 22 of the evaporation barrel 2 is not opened, and the evaporation amount is directly measured by the capacitance type liquid level sensor 21 in the evaporation barrel 2; if the water level is larger than 15cm, the electric control valve 22 of the evaporation barrel 2 is opened to allow the water to freely enter and exit the evaporation barrel 2 until the water levels inside and outside are consistent, and then the electric control valve 22 is closed. Then, the water level sensor 21 in the evaporation tub 2 is turned on to perform measurement.

4) When the surface water is larger than 15cm, the electric control valve 22 is opened once every 1-24 hours (set according to the evaporation intensity) to perform water level balance once. The evaporation capacity is measured in an accumulation mode, and the accuracy of evaporation data is guaranteed.

As shown in fig. 13, when the housing 1 is located at the lower portion of the fixed plate 5 and inserted into soil to be measured in an over-wet ground surface environment, the intervening trough is filled with soil and water medium, the intervening trough is rectangular and cylindrical, the medium trough 11 has two parallel and opposite trough walls 111 and a middle wall 112 located between the two parallel trough walls 111, the middle wall 112 is formed by arranging a plurality of medium trough 11 middle walls 112 at equal intervals, a measuring hole 1121 is formed between the medium trough 11 middle walls 112, and each measuring hole 1121 is filled with a dust plug 1122 when not in use; the wall 111 of the medium groove 11 is made of silicon rubber material, so that the medium groove 11 is not interfered by inductance during measurement; the two tank walls 111 are vertically provided with a plurality of detachable electrode tanks which are arranged at equal intervals, and the damaged electrode plates caused by soil abrasion can be replaced regularly.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, one row of electrode grooves is embedded with positive electrode plates, and the other row of electrode grooves is embedded with negative electrode plates, wherein the positive electrode plates and the negative electrode plates are parallel and opposite to each other and form a capacitance space; the positive and negative electrode plates are electrically connected to the capacitance water amount converter 951 in the water storage amount measuring unit 95 in the central processing module 9, in this embodiment, each row of the electrode tanks has 10 electrode plates, the height of each electrode plate is 10cm, the interval between each electrode plate (i.e., the measuring hole 1121) is 1mm, and the height of each middle wall 112 is consistent with the height of the electrode plate; the central position of the wall 112 in each medium tank 11 is provided with a temperature sensor 113 (i.e. the utility model discloses have 10), and the temperature signal that temperature sensor 113 obtained is transmitted to a plurality of electric capacity water yield converters 951 in the central processing module 9 for correct the accuracy of water yield conversion.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 7 to 10, a water measuring tube is further provided in the housing 1 of the surface and soil water storage amount measuring instrument, and the water measuring tube includes: induction pipe 101 and upper tube 102 and low tube, induction pipe 101 and upper tube 102 are located above the earth's surface, the low tube is located below the earth's surface, the bottom of induction pipe 101, the bottom of upper tube 102 are located soil interface department and are equipped with horizontal communicating pipe and electric control valve, also are equipped with communicating pipe and electric control valve between induction pipe 101 and upper tube 102, wherein the utility model discloses in, what induction pipe 101 was connected to the name is communicating pipe two 105 (set up the filter screen) and electric control valve two 106, connects upper tube 102 department for communicating pipe one 103 and electric control valve one 104, between induction pipe 101 and the upper tube 102 for communicating pipe three 107 and electric control valve three 108. The integrated measuring instrument further comprises a moisture-removing and air-changing device 10 which comprises a ventilation pipe, the ventilation pipe is located between the induction pipe 101 and the upper pipe 102 and above the ground surface, a ventilation fan is arranged on the upper portion of the ventilation pipe, and an air suction opening is formed in the lower portion of the ventilation pipe.

The bottom of the induction pipe 101 is provided with a hydraulic sensor, a piston 109 capable of sliding along a pipe wall sliding groove is arranged in the lower pipe, in this embodiment, a T-shaped sliding groove 1093 is arranged, the T-shaped sliding groove 1093 extends up to a position flush with the ground and extends down to the bottom of the lower pipe, a pulling wire pipe (a built-in pulley and a pulling wire, not shown in the figure) is arranged at the position flush with the ground and at the bottom of the lower pipe (i.e., within the movement range of the piston 109), the piston pulling motor 953 is pushed by the piston moving controller 952 to move so as to drive the piston 109 in the lower pipe to move downwards, the initial position of the piston 109 is located at the position flush with the ground, the middle of the piston 109 is provided with a pressure sensor 1091, in this embodiment, the pressure sensor 1091 is a pressure sensor or a laser measuring sensor for measuring the volume of the whole water in the water pipe, one side, the graduated strip 1092 is made of light plastic, and the scale 0 on the graduated strip 1092 is positioned at the upper part of the piston 109, and the scale is gradually enlarged from bottom to top.

The capacitance water quantity converter 951 and the water quantity pipe are used for measuring the water storage quantity in the following process:

1) a capacitance space (capacitance unit) formed by positive and negative electrode plates on two groove walls 111 of a medium groove 11 adopts the dielectric and capacitance principle, sectional type measurement is carried out from top to bottom, firstly, capacitance measurement is carried out on the first capacitance unit, a measured capacitance signal is transmitted to a capacitance water quantity converter 951 through a signal transmitter, the capacitance water quantity converter 951 converts the capacitance signal into a water quantity signal, a piston traction motor 953 is pushed to move through a piston movement controller 952, so that a piston 109 in a lower pipe is driven to move downwards, the measurement of the first capacitance unit is completed, then, the measurement of the next measurement unit is carried out, and the capacitance of each capacitance unit is measured from top to bottom in sequence until the measurement is completed.

2) After the measurement is finished, the position of the piston 109 is fixed, the downward moving distance of the piston 109 is recorded, and the sliding distance is the water amount in the measurement area. And after the second electric control valve 106 is opened and the water amount is balanced, the central processing chip 91 judges whether surface water exists or not through the hydraulic sensor at the bottom of the induction pipe 101, and if the surface water does not exist, the measurement is finished. And if the surface water exists, the first electronic control valve 103 is opened, the surface water flows into the water measuring pipe, and after the liquid level is stable, the liquid level sensor therein measures the water amount in the water measuring pipe in unit mm and records the measured water amount.

3) The central processing chip 91 calculates the soil water storage, surface impoundment, near surface impoundment, displays in the electronic display, and stores in the data storage 93 in real time. The near-surface water storage capacity can also be directly read in the instrument water measuring tube, and the read data is used for field meter reading detection and correction.

4) At the beginning of the next measuring cycle, the piston 109 is first automatically returned to the initial position.

As shown in fig. 11 and 12, a plurality of moisture reservoirs 8 with different depths are arranged in the housing 1, the moisture reservoirs 8 are rectangular columnar containers, the openings of the upper parts of the containers are horizontally consistent with the measuring holes 1121 on the wall 112 of the medium tank 11, the interiors of the moisture reservoirs 8 are filled with water-absorbing sponges 81 with fixed mass during drying, the water-absorbing sponges 81 are not tightly attached to the moisture reservoirs 8, electric heating evaporation sheets 82 are arranged outside the container walls for quickly evaporating moisture in the sponges 81, and the bottoms of the moisture reservoirs 8 are provided with weighing type water quantity sensors 83 and are electrically connected with the central processing module 9.

At least one moisture storage 8 is provided with an infiltration collecting sheet 7, the infiltration collecting sheet 7 is a push-insert type collecting sheet and can be moved and disassembled, and is normally hidden in a measuring instrument, the infiltration collecting sheet 7 can horizontally slide relative to the moisture storage 8, the infiltration collecting sheet 7 is extended out of a measuring hole 1121 of a middle wall 112 of a medium groove 11 of the shell 1 by a horizontal pushing device 6 to the medium groove 11 to collect moisture, the infiltration collecting sheet 7 is provided with a metal groove 71, and an inclined diversion groove 711 extends from the bottom of one side of the metal groove 71; the water absorption paper 72 is laid on the metal groove 71 and the water guide groove 711, and the iron sand 73 with the radius of 0.2mm-1mm is laid on the upper part of the metal groove 71 to be used as a water guiding and permeating layer and a suction blocking layer.

The horizontal pushing device 6 is in circuit connection with the central processing module 9. In this embodiment, the horizontal pushing device 6 is a stepping motor type pushing device 6, and includes a stepping motor 61, a thin hydraulic jack 62 and a pushing plate 63, the stepping motor 61 drives the thin hydraulic jack 62 to push the pushing plate 63 in the housing 1, the pushing plate 63 has a plurality of pushing bars, and the positions of the pushing bars correspond to the positions and heights of the measuring holes 1121; the pushing plate 63 is provided with a bouncing type clamping groove, and the plug 74 at the tail end of the infiltration water collecting sheet 7 is clamped with the clamping groove of the pushing plate 63.

When not measuring, the absorbent paper 72 of the water diversion channel 711 of the lower seepage water collecting sheet 7 is isolated from the moisture storage 8; before measurement, the infiltration water collecting height is set, the infiltration water collecting piece 7 is inserted into the measuring hole 1121 with the set height, during measurement, the horizontal pushing device 6 pushes the infiltration water collecting piece 7 to extend out from the side surface of the shell 1 into the medium groove 11, and the diversion groove 711 is in contact with the moisture storage 8. When the instrument is withdrawn after the measurement is finished, the lower seepage water collecting sheet 7 is pressed to automatically pop up.

The water reservoir and the lower water-collecting sheet 7 were measured for use as follows:

1) measuring initial values of positive and negative electrode plates in the medium tank 11, measuring the water storage capacity of the soil layer by layer from the first layer of capacitor unit through a sensor, transmitting the measurement result to a water storage capacity measuring unit 95 of the central processing module 9, and measuring the water storage capacity to the last layer from the first layer for no more than 10 s; the measurement is performed every fixed time from the initial measurement, and the data is transmitted to the central processing chip 91 of the central processing module 9 for calculation, and the data such as soil infiltration and soil evaporation amount are obtained and stored in the data storage.

2) Before measurement, setting the collection height of the infiltration water, inserting the infiltration water collection sheet 7 into the measurement hole 1121 with the set height, and initially measuring by the infiltration water collection module, firstly measuring the initial weight in the water quantity storage by a weighing type sensor in the water quantity storage, and transmitting the initial measurement value to the central processing chip 91; and the water in the soil enters the water quantity storage through the infiltration water collecting sheet 7, is measured once every fixed time, and is transmitted to the central processing unit to be calculated to obtain infiltration water collecting quantity data, and is stored.

3) When the water in the water quantity storage is saturated, the measurement is suspended, the electric heating evaporation sheet 82 on the outer wall of the water quantity storage is started, the water in the water quantity storage is quickly evaporated, after the water is reduced to a fixed value, the heating device is closed, the measurement of the downward seepage water is continued, and the finally measured water quantity accumulation is the total downward seepage water collection quantity.

According to the above, the utility model discloses a measurement procedure of ground and soil water storage volume measuring apparatu as follows:

firstly, arrangement of instruments

1) The height of the collection of the infiltration water is set, and the infiltration water collection sheet 7 is inserted into the measurement hole 1121 of the set height.

2) And (3) opening the fixed flat plate 5, inserting the instrument into a fixed point position, keeping the level bubble at the top of the instrument in the center of the circular level gauge at the moment of insertion, stopping the insertion when the insertion depth reaches a fixed level, opening the fixed flat folding fixed needle 51, inserting the soil on two sides, and fixing.

Second, automatic calibration of the instrument

Starting the instrument, automatically detecting the instrument, firstly detecting the vertical condition of the instrument, recording the eccentric angle, starting measurement within an error range, and alarming if the error range is exceeded until the instrument is adjusted to be in a vertical state.

Initialization processing of instrument

1) After the instrument is set, the evaporation tank 2 of the instrument is filled with water.

2) And inputting the reference parameters and the measuring frequency required by the measurement of the instrument by using the electronic handbook, and entering an automatic measuring mode.

3) The instrument automatically controls the stepping motor 61 type pushing device 6 to eject the infiltration water collecting sheet 7 to the inside of the medium groove 11.

Fourthly, measurement begins

1. The central processing unit judges whether the rainfall is present or not through the water level sensor 21 in the evaporation barrel 2;

1) if there is no rainfall:

the central processing unit controls the second electrically controlled valve 106 to be opened, and the liquid level sensor in the induction pipe 101 detects whether water exists on the ground surface.

2) If no surface water is available:

closing the measuring device of the evaporation barrel 2, and no longer measuring the surface evaporation;

closing the water quantity storage and the infiltration water collecting sheet 7 device, and not collecting and measuring the infiltration water under the soil;

closing all the electric control valves of the water measuring pipe, and not opening all the communicating pipes;

starting a capacitance unit in the medium tank 11 to measure the soil water evaporation capacity and the soil water storage capacity;

3) if there is rainfall or surface water, the measuring process is as follows;

the surface evaporation capacity and evaporation rate measuring process comprises the following steps:

1. and judging whether the water level of the earth surface is more than 15 cm.

2. If the distance is less than 15cm, the electric control valve 22 of the evaporation barrel 2 is not opened, and the evaporation amount is directly measured by the capacitance type liquid level sensor 21 in the evaporation barrel 2; if the water level is larger than 15cm, opening an electric control valve 22 of the evaporation barrel 2 to allow water to freely enter and exit the evaporation barrel 2 until the water levels inside and outside are consistent, then closing the electric control valve 22, then opening a liquid level sensor in the evaporation barrel 2, measuring every 1-24 hours (set according to evaporation intensity) from an initial value, opening the electric control valve 22 once, performing water level balance once, transmitting data to a central processing unit, calculating to obtain data such as evaporation capacity, evaporation rate and the like, and storing; the evaporation capacity is measured in an accumulation mode, and the accuracy of evaporation data is guaranteed.

The soil infiltration, evaporation and water storage capacity measurement process is as follows:

1. the capacitance measurement is carried out on the sectional type capacitance unit from top to bottom, and the measured capacitance signal is transmitted to the capacitance water quantity converter 951 and the central processing chip 91 for calculation; wherein,

the capacitance water quantity converter 951 converts the capacitance signal into a water quantity signal, the piston motion controller 952 pushes the piston traction motor 953 to move, so that the piston in the lower pipe is driven to move downwards, namely the measurement of the first capacitance unit is completed, then the measurement of the next measurement unit is performed, and the capacitance of each capacitance unit is measured from top to bottom in sequence until the measurement is completed;

the central processing chip 91 converts the capacitance signal into data such as soil infiltration and soil evaporation amount, and stores the data in the data storage.

2. After the measurement is finished, the position of the piston 109 is fixed, the downward moving distance of the piston 109 is recorded, and the sliding distance is the water amount in the measurement area. And opening the second electric control valve 106, enabling surface water to flow into the lower pipe, and after the liquid level is stable, measuring the water quantity in the water measuring pipe by the liquid level sensor in unit mm and recording.

3. The central processing chip 91 calculates the soil water storage, surface impoundment, near surface impoundment, displays in the electronic display, and stores in the data storage 93 in real time. The near-surface water storage capacity can also be directly read in an instrument lower tube, and the read data is used for field meter reading detection and correction.

4. At the beginning of the next measuring cycle, the piston 109 is first automatically returned to the initial position. Measurements are made at regular intervals from the initial measurement.

5. At the same time, the weighing sensor in the water reservoir measures the initial weight in the water reservoir and transmits the initial measurement value to the central processing chip 91; and the water in the soil enters the water quantity storage through the infiltration water collecting sheet 7, is measured once every fixed time, and is transmitted to the central processing unit to be calculated to obtain infiltration water collecting quantity data, and is stored.

6. When the water in the water quantity storage is saturated, the measurement is suspended, the electric heating evaporation sheet 82 on the outer wall of the water quantity storage is started, the water in the water quantity storage is quickly evaporated, after the water is reduced to a fixed value, the heating device is closed, the measurement of the downward seepage water is continued, and the finally measured water quantity accumulation is the total downward seepage water collection quantity.

Fifthly, processing and outputting data by the central processing module 9

1. Calculating the data of the water storage capacity, the evaporation rate and the like of the surface water according to the data measured by the sensor in the evaporation barrel 2;

2. according to the data measured by the capacitance unit, calculating the evaporation, infiltration capacity and water storage capacity of soil water;

3. and calculating the leakage of soil water through the soil layer according to the data measured by the sensor of the water quantity storage.

Calculating the variation of the water storage capacity of the earth surface and the soil along with the runoff of the earth surface according to the data:

calculating the formula:

water loss of surface and soil

The total amount of the soil water storage amount at the time before the soil surface evaporation amount is equal to the total amount of the soil water storage amount at the time after the soil surface evaporation amount is equal to the total amount of the soil water storage amount at the time before the soil surface evaporation amount is equal to the total amount of the soil water storage amount at the time after the soil

If the water content is positive, the water content of the earth surface and the soil is lost.

If the value is negative, the water storage capacity of the earth surface and the soil is increased.

4. The measured data is transmitted to the measuring electronic handbook through the Bluetooth module.

The foregoing description and examples are exemplary only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An integrated measuring instrument for soil and soil water storage capacity is characterized by comprising a soil water storage capacity measuring instrument and a water quantity pipe; soil water storage capacity measuring apparatu is located below the earth's surface, the water yield pipe includes that one is located the top tube more than the earth's surface and one is located the lower tube below the earth's surface, top tube and lower tube juncture are equipped with one communicating pipe that can communicate with the external world, communicate each other between top tube, lower tube and the communicating pipe, be equipped with one in the lower tube of water yield pipe and follow the gliding piston of pipe wall, a traction motor promotes the piston is at the intraductal up-and-down motion of lower tube, traction motor and soil water storage capacity measuring apparatu signal connection.

2. The integrated surface and soil water storage capacity measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein the piston is provided with a pressure sensor for measuring the amount of water in the water measuring tube.

3. The integrated surface and soil water storage capacity measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first communicating pipe is provided with a first electrically controlled valve for controlling an external water inlet and outlet burette.

4. The integrated measuring instrument for the earth surface and the soil water storage capacity according to claim 1, wherein the water measuring tube further comprises a sensing tube positioned above the earth surface, a hydraulic sensor is arranged at the bottom of the sensing tube, a communicating tube II communicated with the outside is arranged at the position where the bottom of the sensing tube is connected with the earth surface, an electric control valve II is arranged on the communicating tube II, a communicating tube III for the upper tube and the sensing tube is communicated, the communicating tube III is flush with the communicating tube II, and an electric control valve III is arranged on the communicating tube III.

5. The integrated measuring instrument for the water storage capacity of the earth surface and the soil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a vertically through medium tank is further provided, the medium tank is provided with two parallel opposite tank walls, the lower parts of the two tank walls are respectively provided with a plurality of electrode tanks arranged at equal intervals along the vertical direction, wherein, the electrode tank of one tank wall is internally embedded with a positive electrode plate, the electrode tank of the other tank wall is internally embedded with a negative electrode plate, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are parallel and opposite to each other and form a capacitance space; the electrode plate is connected with the central processing module.

6. The integrated surface and soil water storage capacity measuring instrument as claimed in claim 5, wherein a plurality of medium tank middle walls are arranged between the two tank walls of the medium tank, and a temperature sensor is arranged at the central position of each medium tank middle wall.

7. The integrated surface and soil water storage measuring instrument according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of moisture reservoirs at different depths, wherein at least one of the moisture reservoirs is provided with a lower seepage water collecting piece, a horizontal pushing device enables the lower seepage water collecting piece to horizontally slide relative to the moisture reservoir and extend out of the side surface of the casing, and the moisture reservoir and the horizontal pushing device are in circuit connection with the central processing module.

8. The integrated surface and soil water storage capacity measuring instrument according to claim 7, wherein the moisture storage is filled with sponge and the wall of the container is externally provided with an electric heating evaporation sheet, and the bottom of the moisture storage is provided with a weighing type water quantity sensor.

9. The integrated surface and soil water storage amount measuring instrument as claimed in claim 7, wherein the lower water seepage collecting piece has a metal groove, a slanting water guiding groove extends from the bottom of one side of the metal groove, the horizontal pushing device can make the water guiding groove contact or separate with respect to the water storage device, the water absorbing paper is laid on the metal groove and the water guiding groove, and iron sand is laid on the upper part of the metal groove.

10. The integrated surface and soil water storage capacity measuring instrument according to claim 1, further comprising an evaporation barrel located above the surface of the earth, wherein a water level sensor is arranged inside the evaporation barrel, and an electric control valve is arranged on the barrel wall of the evaporation barrel 15cm away from the barrel bottom to control the outside water to flow into the evaporation barrel.

11. The integrated surface and soil water storage amount measuring instrument according to claim 1, further comprising a moisture-removing and air-exchanging device including a ventilation pipe, wherein the ventilation pipe is located between the upper pipe and the first upper pipe and above the surface of the earth, a ventilation fan is arranged on the upper portion of the ventilation pipe, and an air suction opening is arranged on the lower portion of the ventilation pipe.

12. The integrated surface and soil water storage capacity measuring instrument according to claim 1, further comprising a vertical leveling device at an upper portion, a middle fixing plate, and a conical mounting head at a lower end, wherein the vertical leveling device comprises a weight type vertical sensor and a circular level bubble type level.