CN204684463U - Rotating disc type image system - Google Patents
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- CN204684463U CN204684463U CN201520263550.2U CN201520263550U CN204684463U CN 204684463 U CN204684463 U CN 204684463U CN 201520263550 U CN201520263550 U CN 201520263550U CN 204684463 U CN204684463 U CN 204684463U
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Abstract
This utility model relates to a kind of rotating disc type image system in field of medical device, is made up of C arm image system (1) and rotating disk (2); C arm image system (1) is made up of C arm pedestal (3), C jib (4), x-ray source (5) and detecting plate (6); C arm pedestal (3) is arranged on the main shaft (20) of rotating disk (2), and C jib (4) is arranged on C arm pedestal (3), and x-ray source (5) and detecting plate (6) are arranged on C jib (4) inwall.The outer rim of rotating disk (2) is provided with therapeutic bed (7), and therapeutic bed (7) is installed on therapeutic bed revolution platform (13).It is not enough that this utility model overcomes image system reflection information in existing robot radiotherapy system, and the deficiencies such as therapeutic domain is less, treatment limited space, the rotating disc type image system provided can carry out tumor radiotherapy on a large scale, and structure is simple, easily processes.
Description
art:
This utility model relates to field of medical device, specifically a kind of rotating disc type image system.
background technology:
Radiotherapy is one of important means of carrying out oncotherapy, for improving human health and gain human longevity has very great meaning.The statistical data that the World Health Organization (WHO) provides shows, can cure in cancer, and surgical healing rate is 22%, and radiotherapy is 6% with the cure rate combined of performing the operation, and radiotherapy cure rate 12%, chemotherapy is only 5%.Visible, radiotherapy is the important technical that cancer is cured.
Radiotherapy is to radiate based on physics, radiobiology, clinical radiotherapy, in conjunction with knowledge such as Clinical Oncology, surgery, internal medicine, iconographys, to utilize the means of radiation cure disease, is mainly used to treat malignant tumor.In recent years, radiation therapy technology there occurs great variety.Traditional conventional radiotheraphy forward precise radiotherapy changes.The radiotherapy (IGRT) that so-called Interesting Issues of Precise Radiation mainly comprises 3 dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) technology, Intensity Modulation Radiated Therapy (IMRT) (IMRT) technology, stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) technology, stereotaxic radiosurgery (SRS), image guide and spiral-fault scanning IMRT treatment (TOMO) etc.Interesting Issues of Precise Radiation can significantly improve the Partial controll rate of tumor, reduces the complication of normal structure, thus improves therapeutic effect.But, accurate radiotherapy be reached, for radiotherapy apparatus, just need that there are higher precision, more flexibly mechanism, more clearly imaging device etc.
Along with the development of radiation therapy technology, intelligence radiation therapy technology becomes one of radiotherapy advanced person and effective means the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, as the Cyberknife system of Accurary company of the U.S., robotics is introduced in radiotherapy apparatus by it, substantially increases the motility of radiation therapy technology.But Cyberknife system can only go out the three-dimensional coordinate position of target area by the orthogonal KV imaging polymeric of two-beam, and can not obtain three-dimensional view data a position, therefore, the information of imaging system reflection is not enough to the true three-dimension physical form describing tumor.In addition, the x-ray source in the imaging system of Cyberknife system and detecting plate can only obtain target area two dimensional image in fixing position and angle, if need the centers such as correction, also need to move therapeutic bed, limit the space flexibility of imaging.Simultaneously, the conventional therapy bed of Cyberknife system can not around etc. center revolution, therapeutic bed is relative fixing with robot orientation, cause robot arm when patient both sides are treated, can only at the scope internal therapy of smaller angle, the suitability for Vertebral Neoplasms: patient, dorsal tumors patient is poor, and range of tumor treatment is less.
summary of the invention:
The purpose of this utility model is not enough in order to overcome image system reflection information in existing robot radiotherapy system, the deficiencies such as therapeutic domain is less, treatment limited space, provide one can carry out tumor radiotherapy on a large scale, structure is simple, the rotating disc type image system of easily processing.
The purpose of this utility model is realized by following technical proposals:
Rotating disc type image system of the present utility model, is characterized in that described rotating disc type image system is made up of C arm image system (1) and rotating disk (2); C arm image system (1) is made up of C arm pedestal (3), C jib (4), x-ray source (5) and detecting plate (6); C arm pedestal (3) is arranged on the main shaft (20) of rotating disk (2), and C jib (4) is arranged on C arm pedestal (3), and x-ray source (5) and detecting plate (6) are arranged on C jib (4) inwall.
In such scheme, the outer rim of described rotating disk (2) is provided with therapeutic bed (7), therapeutic bed (7) is installed on therapeutic bed revolution platform (13), be connected by connecting rod (19) between therapeutic bed revolution platform (13) with main shaft (20), for revolute is connected between connecting rod (19) with main shaft (20), therapeutic bed revolution platform (13) below is provided with arc rail slide block (15), slide block (15) coordinates with arc track (18), in therapeutic bed revolution platform (13) below, initiatively Mecanum wheel (16) and driven Mecanum wheel (14) are installed simultaneously, initiatively the wheel shaft of Mecanum wheel (16) is connected with drive motors (17).
In such scheme, described therapeutic bed (7) is provided with fail-safe device, and when there is the fortuitous event such as power-off, accident at work, it is locked that therapeutic bed is down to rapidly safe altitude.
In such scheme, described rotating disk (2) outer rim is provided with indicating graduation (8), therapeutic bed (7) rotate dish (2) main shaft (20) rotate time, can positional precision labelling and calibration be carried out.
In such scheme, described rotating disc type image system forms rotating disc type radiotherapy system with therapeutic bed (7), therapy system, breathing tracker (9), treatment planning systems together with integrated control system, wherein, therapy system is made up of compact electronic linear accelerator (10), secondary collimator (11) and robot (12), compact linear electron accelerator (10) is installed on the end of robot (12) mechanical arm, and secondary collimator (11) is installed on compact linear electron accelerator (10) end; Robot (12), therapeutic bed (7), C arm image system (1), rotating disk (2) are connected with integrated control system by industrial bus with breathing tracker (9); Be connected by the network switch between integrated control system with treatment planning systems.
In such scheme, described x-ray source (5) and detecting plate (6) are a set of kV level x-ray source (5) and detecting plate (6) or two cover kV level x-ray source (5) and detecting plates (6); When a set of kV level x-ray source (5) and detecting plate (6), x-ray source (5) and detecting plate (6) can around the rotations of C arm imaging center, carry out cone-beam fault imaging (CBCT), the 3-D view of the target area that obtains medical treatment, the image registration at the beginning of being used for the treatment of and patient put position; During two covers kV level x-ray source (5) and detecting plate (6), two cover imaging direction angles 90 degree, and can around the rotation of C arm imaging center, the information that any a set of x-ray source and detecting plate can be utilized when treating initial to obtain carries out CBCT imaging, acquisition 3-D view carries out patient and puts position, over the course for the treatment of, can carry out the orthogonal imaging of two-beam X-ray, obtain the three-dimensional coordinate of target area, realize quick position and real-time tracking.
In such scheme, described secondary collimator (11) is fixing circular collimator, the circular collimator in variable open country, variable wild rectangular collimator, meticulous ray collimator, the one of multi-diaphragm collimator or its combination.
In such scheme, described breathing tracker (9) is heat homing respiratory regulation device and sound guidance respiratory regulation device.
In such scheme, described treatment planning systems is a kind of 4 dimension treatment plans, optimizes module, dosage verifying module and self adaptation radiotherapy planning module form by dose calculation module, treatment plan.
In this utility model, the method that described CBCT imaging carries out putting position is:
A. directly control therapeutic bed, tentatively put position;
B. utilize C arm to rotate (sweep time ± 30 seconds, rotating range ± 110 °, complete whole 220 ° in 1 minute) uniform intervals and gather image;
A first () C arm carries out rotation accelerates, when sending current angular (just steady angle), speed to image tracking system after velocity-stabilization and being ready for signal, image tracking system can collect the image (interval time that radiotherapy treatment planning (TPS) gathers image is certain, and namely the angle gathering image so each time obtains by first steady angle, speed and Time Calculation) of the definite number of degrees point of a series of intervals equal angular;
B image reconstruction threedimensional model that () image system utilizes a series of different angles of collecting corresponding, locates digital image rebuilding (DRR) with CT before treatment and carries out the comparison of image co-registration registration;
If do not reach requirement after the comparison of (c) image co-registration registration, when there is relatively large deviation, enter therapeutic room by medical and technical staff and adjust; Little deviation then sends sextuple therapeutic bed fine setting parameter by TPS to integrated control system and (comprising: bed is at X, Y, the movement of Z-direction and rotation) or accelerator treatment head finely tunes parameter, and (treatment head is at X, Y, the movement of Z-direction and rotation), after pendulum position reaches TPS treatment requirement, whole pendulum position process completes automatically.
Method for rapidly positioning in therapeutic process is:
A. over the course for the treatment of, integrated control system control C arm, and be ready for signal to image system transmission, carry out the image acquisition of two cover x-ray imaging systems;
B. detecting plate obtains patient target area two width orthogonal two-dimensional image, is calculated the three-dimensional coordinate of target area mark by two dimensional image coordinate, and CBCT 3-D view time initial with treatment carries out registration;
If C. registration finds that target area has and offsets among a small circle, then mechanical hand is done the mobile adjustment (not containing the rotation in three directions) of corresponding X, Y, Z-direction; If deviation range is larger, then store treatment related data (which point such as robot has treated, irradiated how much dosage etc.) immediately and stop treatment, come back to therapeutic room by medical and technical staff to adjust, namely pendulum position when patient just enters to treat is repeated, after pendulum position completes, take out the treatment related data stored before stopping, continual cure.
Rotating disc type radiotherapy system described in the utility model, by the head of 6DOF robot snatch compact electronic linear accelerator treatment flexibly, can form Fei Deng center, non-coplanar hemisphere face treatment space; The motion of tumor is followed the trail of by C arm image system, control, the tracking radiotherapy to tumor can be realized, fundamentally promote the treatment precision to motion tumor, achieve low segmentation truly, heavy dose of precise radiotherapy, for stereospecific Intensity Modulation Radiated Therapy (IMRT) provides hardware guarantee.
The beneficial effect of scheme described in the utility model is:
1. C arm image system can be equipped with 1-2 cover x-ray source and detecting plate according to user's request, adds the motility of C arm; Meanwhile, the degree of freedom of C arm only remains to many 2 degree of freedom relative to existing degree of freedom, and namely C jib is around the rotation of C arm base axis, C jib inwall around the rotation of C arm imaging center, and structure simply, is easily processed.
2. C arm image system can realize the function of three-dimensional imaging and two-dimensional localization simultaneously, enhances the function of C arm, expands its scope of application, over the course for the treatment of all using C arm image as registration benchmark, can reduce cumulative errors.
3. adopt rotating disk scheme, therapeutic bed can around etc. center rotate, change therapeutic bed, orientation between C arm image system and Therapy robot, the treatment space making robot drive accelerator to reach is larger, especially can reach human body both sides, can be more prone to carry out Vertebral Neoplasms:, dorsal tumors treatment.
4. remove hardware dosage verifying system, adopt software dosage verifying system, decrease cost, improve dosage verifying reliability and life-span.
5. adopt multiple collimator system, can adapt to the treatment of different tumor better, such as larger oncotherapy employing multi-diaphragm collimator, less regular tumor can adopt circular fixing collimator, expand the system scope of application described in the utility model.
In sum, it is not enough that this utility model overcomes image system reflection information in existing robot radiotherapy system, and the deficiencies such as therapeutic domain is less, treatment limited space, the rotating disc type image system provided can carry out tumor radiotherapy on a large scale, and structure is simple, easily processes.
accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is rotating disc type image system schematic diagram of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is rotating disc type image system of the present utility model and therapeutic bed schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is rotating disc type radiotherapy system schematic diagram of the present utility model.
Fig. 4 is therapeutic bed revolution platform schematic diagram of the present utility model.
Fig. 5 is therapeutic bed revolution platform control system flow chart of the present utility model.
In accompanying drawing, the implication of each numeral is: 1:C arm image system; 2: rotating disk; 3:C arm pedestal; 4:C jib; 5:X radiographic source; 6: detecting plate; 7: therapeutic bed; 8: indicating graduation; 9: breathe tracker; 10: compact electronic accelerator; 11: secondary collimator; 12: robot; 13: therapeutic bed revolution platform; 14: driven Mecanum wheel; 15: arc rail slide block; 16: initiatively Mecanum wheel; 17: drive motors; 18: arc track; 19: connecting rod; 20: main shaft.
detailed description of the invention:
Be described in further detail this utility model below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but this utility model is not limited only to described embodiment.
Embodiment one
The rotating disc type image system of this example, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 4, is made up of C arm image system 1 and rotating disk 2; C arm image system 1 is made up of C arm pedestal 3, C jib 4, x-ray source 5 and detecting plate 6; C arm pedestal 3 is arranged on the main shaft 20 of rotating disk 2, and C jib 4 is arranged on C arm pedestal 3, and x-ray source 5 and detecting plate 6 are arranged on C jib 4 inwall.
The outer rim of rotating disk 2 is provided with therapeutic bed 7, therapeutic bed 7 is installed on therapeutic bed revolution platform 13, be connected by connecting rod 19 between therapeutic bed revolution platform 13 with main shaft 20, for revolute is connected between connecting rod 19 with main shaft 20, arc rail slide block 15 is installed below therapeutic bed revolution platform 13, slide block 15 coordinates with arc track 18, below therapeutic bed revolution platform 13, be provided with initiatively Mecanum wheel (one of universal wheel) 16 and driven Mecanum wheel 14, initiatively the wheel shaft of Mecanum wheel 16 is connected with drive motors 17 simultaneously.
Therapeutic bed 7 has 5 degree of freedom, when namely patient lies low on therapeutic bed, and patient's left and right directions, the i.e. translation freedoms of X-direction; Patient's longitudinal direction, the i.e. translation freedoms of Y-direction; Therapeutic bed high and low position, i.e. Z-direction translation freedoms; Pitching rotary freedom around X-axis and the rolling rotary freedom around Y-axis; Or employing has the robot therapeutic bed of 6 rotary freedoms, adds the revolution around rotating disk 2 center of rotation, forms 7 degree of freedom robot therapeutic bed, motion is flexible, range of movement is larger, indirectly increases treatment space.
Therapeutic bed 7 is provided with fail-safe device, and when there is the fortuitous event such as power-off, accident at work, it is locked that therapeutic bed is down to rapidly safe altitude.
X-ray source 5 and detecting plate 6 are a set of kV level x-ray source 5 and detecting plate 6, x-ray source 5 and detecting plate 6 can around the rotations of C arm imaging center, carry out cone-beam fault imaging (CBCT), the 3-D view of the target area that obtains medical treatment, the image registration at the beginning of being used for the treatment of and patient put position.
Rotating disk 2 outer rim is provided with indicating graduation 8, and therapeutic bed 7 rotates the main shaft 20 of dish 2 when rotating, and can carry out positional precision labelling and calibration.
The revolution principle of therapeutic bed 7 is: drive motors 17 drives Mecanum wheel 16 to rotate, therapeutic bed revolution platform 13 moves in a circle along arc track 18 under the restriction of connecting rod 19, connecting rod 19 is provided with indication sensor, indication sensor can read the scale on indicating graduation 8, be used to indicate the revolution angle of therapeutic bed 7, and this reading can be fed back to control system, for feedback control, calculate therapeutic bed 7 revolution speed, coordinated signals etc.
The revolution control system flow process of therapeutic bed 7 is as shown in Figure 5:
System is to controller therapeutic bed revolution instruction, controller controls motor 17 and rotates, initiatively Mecanum wheel 17 is driven to rotate, and then the rotation around main shaft 20 axis is done along arc track 18 under the restriction of connecting rod 19, graduation indication system on connecting rod reads scale value and feeds back to controller, when the actual scale and instruction rotational angle error of graduation is larger, controller provides compensating instruction, controls electric machine rotation and realizes error compensation.
Embodiment two
The rotating disc type image system of this example, except x-ray source 5 and detecting plate 6 are two cover kV level x-ray source 5 and detecting plates 6, two cover imaging direction angles 90 degree, and can around the rotation of C arm imaging center, the information that any a set of x-ray source and detecting plate can be utilized when treating initial to obtain carries out CBCT imaging, acquisition 3-D view carries out patient and puts position, over the course for the treatment of, the orthogonal imaging of two-beam X-ray can be carried out, obtain the three-dimensional coordinate of target area, realize outside quick position and real-time tracking, all the other are with embodiment one.
Embodiment three
The rotating disc type image system of this example and therapeutic bed 7 are with embodiment one, as shown in Figure 3, rotating disc type image system forms rotating disc type radiotherapy system with therapeutic bed 7, therapy system, breathing tracker 9, treatment planning systems together with integrated control system, wherein, therapy system is made up of compact electronic linear accelerator 10, secondary collimator 11 and robot 12, compact linear electron accelerator 10 is installed on the end of robot 12 mechanical arm, and secondary collimator 11 is installed on compact linear electron accelerator 10 end; Robot 12, therapeutic bed 7, C arm image system 1, rotating disk 2 are connected with integrated control system by industrial bus with breathing tracker 9; Be connected by the network switch between integrated control system with treatment planning systems.
Secondary collimator 11 is fixing circular collimator, the circular collimator in variable open country, variable wild rectangular collimator, meticulous ray collimator, the one of multi-diaphragm collimator or its combination.
Breathing tracker 9 is heat homing respiratory regulation device and sound guidance respiratory regulation device, treatment produces the tumor target of motion because of breathing, regulate the respiratory movement of patient by breathing guiding device in therapeutic process, the respiratory movement of regularization is favourable breathes the precision of following the trail of target area of following the trail of and move with raising, eliminates systematic error.
Treatment planning systems is a kind of 4D treatment plan, optimizes module, dosage verifying module and self adaptation radiotherapy planning module form by dose calculation module, treatment plan.
Claims (9)
1. a rotating disc type image system, is characterized in that described rotating disc type image system is primarily of C arm image system (1) and rotating disk (2) composition; C arm image system (1) is made up of C arm pedestal (3), C jib (4), x-ray source (5) and detecting plate (6); C arm pedestal (3) is arranged on the main shaft (20) of rotating disk (2), and C jib (4) is arranged on C arm pedestal (3), and x-ray source (5) and detecting plate (6) are arranged on C jib (4) inwall.
2. rotating disc type image system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the outer rim of described rotating disk (2) is provided with therapeutic bed (7), therapeutic bed (7) is installed on therapeutic bed revolution platform (13), be connected by connecting rod (19) between therapeutic bed revolution platform (13) with main shaft (20), for revolute is connected between connecting rod (19) with main shaft (20), therapeutic bed revolution platform (13) below is provided with arc rail slide block (15), slide block (15) coordinates with arc track (18), in therapeutic bed revolution platform (13) below, initiatively Mecanum wheel (16) and driven Mecanum wheel (14) are installed simultaneously, initiatively the wheel shaft of Mecanum wheel (16) is connected with drive motors (17).
3. rotating disc type image system according to claim 2, is characterized in that described therapeutic bed (7) is provided with fail-safe device.
4. rotating disc type image system according to claim 2, is characterized in that described rotating disk (2) outer rim is provided with indicating graduation (8).
5. rotating disc type image system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described rotating disc type image system and therapeutic bed (7), therapy system, breathe tracker (9), treatment planning systems forms rotating disc type radiotherapy system together with integrated control system, wherein, therapy system is by compact electronic linear accelerator (10), secondary collimator (11) and robot (12) composition, compact linear electron accelerator (10) is installed on the end of robot (12) mechanical arm, secondary collimator (11) is installed on compact linear electron accelerator (10) end, robot (12), therapeutic bed (7), C arm image system (1), rotating disk (2) are connected with integrated control system by industrial bus with breathing tracker (9), be connected by the network switch between integrated control system with treatment planning systems.
6. rotating disc type image system according to claim 1, is characterized in that described x-ray source (5) and detecting plate (6) are for a set of kV level x-ray source (5) and detecting plate (6) or two cover kV level x-ray source (5) and detecting plates (6); When a set of kV level x-ray source (5) and detecting plate (6), x-ray source (5) and detecting plate (6) can around the rotations of C arm imaging center, carry out cone-beam fault imaging (CBCT), the 3-D view of the target area that obtains medical treatment, the image registration at the beginning of being used for the treatment of and patient put position; During two covers kV level x-ray source (5) and detecting plate (6), two cover imaging direction angles 90 degree, and can around the rotation of C arm imaging center, the information that any a set of x-ray source and detecting plate can be utilized when treating initial to obtain carries out CBCT imaging, acquisition 3-D view carries out patient and puts position, over the course for the treatment of, can carry out the orthogonal imaging of two-beam X-ray, obtain the three-dimensional coordinate of target area, realize quick position and real-time tracking.
7. rotating disc type image system according to claim 5, is characterized in that described secondary collimator (11) is fixing circular collimator, the circular collimator in variable open country, variable wild rectangular collimator, meticulous ray collimator, the one of multi-diaphragm collimator or its combination.
8. rotating disc type image system according to claim 5, is characterized in that described breathing tracker (9) is for heat homing respiratory regulation device and sound guidance respiratory regulation device.
9. rotating disc type image system according to claim 5, is characterized in that described treatment planning systems is a kind of four-dimensional treatment plan, optimizes module, dosage verifying module and self adaptation radiotherapy planning module form by dose calculation module, treatment plan.
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| CN201520263550.2U CN204684463U (en) | 2015-04-28 | 2015-04-28 | Rotating disc type image system |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104759033A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-08 | 瑞地玛医学科技有限公司 | Rotating disc type image system |
| CN105928958A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-09-07 | 上海伟伦机械检测技术有限公司 | Local scanning device and method based on industrial CT |
| CN107242866A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-10-13 | 北京东软医疗设备有限公司 | Medical Devices and the method for control Medical Devices movement |
| CN108785872A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-11-13 | 徐慧军 | The multi-modal image-guided precise radiotherapy systems of 4 π |
| CN110665129A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2020-01-10 | 江苏海明医疗器械有限公司 | Revolution mechanism for medical accelerator treatment bed |
| CN112638260A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2021-04-09 | 约翰霍普金斯大学 | Mechanical arm for integrated Computed Tomography (CT) treatment couch system |
| WO2022140987A1 (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-07-07 | 西安大医集团股份有限公司 | Image-guided cooperation method and system, and electronic device and computer storage medium |
-
2015
- 2015-04-28 CN CN201520263550.2U patent/CN204684463U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104759033A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-08 | 瑞地玛医学科技有限公司 | Rotating disc type image system |
| CN105928958A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-09-07 | 上海伟伦机械检测技术有限公司 | Local scanning device and method based on industrial CT |
| CN107242866A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-10-13 | 北京东软医疗设备有限公司 | Medical Devices and the method for control Medical Devices movement |
| CN108785872A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-11-13 | 徐慧军 | The multi-modal image-guided precise radiotherapy systems of 4 π |
| CN108785872B (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2023-10-13 | 华瑞先锋医学科技(北京)有限公司 | 4 pi multi-mode image guided accurate radiation therapy system |
| CN112638260A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2021-04-09 | 约翰霍普金斯大学 | Mechanical arm for integrated Computed Tomography (CT) treatment couch system |
| CN110665129A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2020-01-10 | 江苏海明医疗器械有限公司 | Revolution mechanism for medical accelerator treatment bed |
| WO2022140987A1 (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-07-07 | 西安大医集团股份有限公司 | Image-guided cooperation method and system, and electronic device and computer storage medium |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
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Granted publication date: 20151007 Effective date of abandoning: 20170531 |