CN2039771U - Automatic skid-proof differential coupling device for automobile and wheel tractor - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an automatic skid-proof differential coupling device comprising an ordinary symmetry bevel gear differential device and a locking, which can automatically do differential speed and locking according to the size of the adhesive force of driving-wheels and ground for enlarging the traction force of the driving of the wheels and improving the maneuvering performance of motor cars. The utility model can be used as the differential device between wheels and the differential device between shafts. The utility model has the advantages of high reliability, long service life and simple requirements of technology processing and heat treatment. The automatic skid-proof differential coupling device is especially suitable for cross-country cars and wheel-type tractors.

Description

Automatic skid-proof differential coupling device for automobile and wheel tractor

The utility model relates to a constituent element of automobile machinery power train, specifically, relates to a kind of automatic antiskid differential, belongs to the layout or the mounting technique field of vehicle differential driver.

Automobile under steam, the relative movement of wheel road pavement has two states---roll and slide, wherein slide to be divided into again and trackslip and two kinds of slippages.When automobile turning travels or when uneven road surface is kept straight on, the curve distance difference that moves past at one time because of the both sides wheel, if two side drive wheel only drive with a stiff shaft, then the two angular velocity must equate, the rolling limit slippage of single wheel limit must be arranged, and trackslips in rolling limit, opposite side wheel limit, and wheel is to the slip on ground, to make the motor turning difficulty, power consumption increases, and driving up is some part and Tyte Wear in addition.So, should avoid producing it as far as possible, be at present driven gear by main reducing gear by a differential gear system---both sides semiaxis and driving wheel that differential mechanism drives automobile respectively solve this problem.Existing many type differential mechanisms (as common bevel planet gear formula and straight-tooth is wheeled, planet wheel shaft bolt-type and unsteady friction plate locking, high resistant slide block type and single face be castellated or the like) still come with some shortcomings on structure and performance part.What have does not have a latch functions; Differential mechanism with latch functions is on good road surface directly or during turning driving, the anti-skidding effect of locking is still satisfactory, but at bad road traveling, when the condition of adhering between left and right or forward and backward driving wheel and the road surface differs big, when touching mire or ice and snow road if any a driving wheel, even another wheel is that automobile often still can not advance on good road surface.This is because most of differential mechanisms have the characteristics of mean allocation moment of torsion, make moment of torsion that this wheel is assigned to can only with pass to the driving wheel of trackslipping on very little moment of torsion equate and the too little cause of tractive force.In order to improve the rideability of automobile, should adopt when a driving wheel trackslips, differential mechanism has most of moment of torsion of locking even all torsion torque to go to pass to the function of the driving wheel that does not trackslip.Can make automobile continue to travel by tractive force so that utilize the adhesion of this driving wheel to produce foot.The high friction self-locking formula differential mechanism that " automobile construction " volume two (the 129th page of People's Transportation Press's in October, 87 second edition) is introduced is exactly a kind of limited slip differential, but its indivedual part processed complexs in addition, craft precision and heat treatment requirements are very high.Owing to be to lean on the gap of bevel gear to guarantee locking, when the wearing piece wearing and tearing, gear clearance will cause differential effect to descend when strengthening, lose differential action when serious, even gear is cracked a joke.

The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of steam supply car and tractor use, can be according to the automatic locking of adhesion size of driving wheel and the automatic antiskid differential of differential.

The utility model is by garden awl planetary pinion, planet pin (cross axle), the common symmetric type bevel differential of composition such as garden awl differential gear and differential carrier and combine the realization goal of the invention by locking break two-part that brake strip (dish), Returnning spring and braking sleeve are formed.Differential mechanism is positioned in the braking sleeve in the utility model, and differential mechanism integral body can be made an amount of of left and right directions (outwards) and move in braking sleeve, promote break and produce locking moment.Promptly the traction when left and right wheel differs greatly, wherein single wheel produces when trackslipping, the effect of the axial thrust load of male splined shaft in the axis hole of differential gear and the semiaxis end convolution is bored in different and garden because of the rotating speed of left and right half gear, force the single wheel direction that differential gear is slow to rotating speed, traction is big to move, compress the balance Returnning spring and compress brake strip or friction disk by differential carrier, produce locking moment, the moment of torsion of the semiaxis transmission of slow-speed is obviously increased, increase the tractive force of automobile.When the traction of two-wheeled is more or less the same, be contained in Returnning spring between brake strip and the braking sleeve and differential carrier is recovered and remain on the neutral position, remove locking and only play normal differential action.

The utility model can distribute driving torque according to the adhesion size of driving wheel, has obviously improved the tractive force of automobile and wheeled tractor, has improved the travel mobility and the cross-country ability of vehicle.Reliable operation, long service life.Both can be used as inter-wheel differential, can be used as interaxial differential again, also can be used for multiaxis whole wheel drive car.The utlity model has the function of autobalance brake weight, can simplify the braking mechanism of automobile, only need adopt a centre brake to get final product, to alleviating light weight, improve fuel utilization ratio, thereby the Economy that improves vehicle is all of great advantage the vehicle of little tonnage.Moreover processes and heat treatment requirements are fairly simple, realize easily under existing means of production condition and promote.

The utility model has two different embodiments, further introduces it below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Wherein:

Fig. 1 is the structure erection drawing that is used for light-duty or compact car.

Fig. 2 is the structure erection drawing that is used for medium-sized or full-sized car.

Fig. 1 shows that the utility model is that periphery at former differential carrier 5 has increased a break cover 1, and the main reducing gear driven wheel of differential is contained in break with regard to riveting and overlaps on the post hole, garden 2 of 1 left side flange, drives braking sleeve and rotates.Differential carrier 5 still is made up of the two-part with bolton, and 4 axle journals adorning the cross planet pin 4 of fashionable lengthening are embedded on the differential carrier two halves end face in the formed hole of corresponding grooves.Each necked part of lengthening is milled with two side planes, is inlaid in 3 li of 4 sliding-grooves on the braking sleeve respectively.The split surface of differential carrier is by the center line of each axle journal of planet pin.Empty boasting a straight-tooth garden awl planetary pinion 6 on each axle journal, and they all close with two straight-tooth garden awl differential gears 7.And lift angle is arranged in the axis hole of differential gear 7 is 30 °～35 ° internal helix spline, and semiaxis 8 ends that are attached thereto also are 30 °～35 ° spiral male splined shaft for lift angle, and the length of spline should be greater than the axial internal clearance of differential gear on semiaxis.And the spline rotation direction on two semiaxis should be consistent.Between the outside of differential carrier 5 and braking sleeve, brake strip 9 is housed successively, cone disk type break 10 and balance Returnning spring 11.Power is transferred to driving wheel through braking sleeve 1, cross axle 4, planetary pinion 6, differential gear 7, semiaxis 8 successively from the main reducing gear driven gear.When the both sides wheel rotates with same rotational speed, planetary pinion is around the semiaxis rotational---revolution, if both sides wheel drive resistance difference, then planetary pinion is when making above-mentioned revolution motion, also, two-semiaxle gear driven both sides wheel is rotated with different rotating speeds around self rotational---rotation.Owing to lean on the helical spline transmission of drive force between differential gear and the semiaxis, when two driving wheels exist speed discrepancy and traction extreme difference great disparity, axial thrust load on the splined shaft just forces differential gear 7 and differential carrier 5 to the slow single wheel direction displacement of rotating speed pressing friction sheet 9 and Returnning spring 11 thus, the friction torque of 9 generations of friction plate is opposite with the direction of fast commentaries on classics semiaxis, identical with the rotation direction of slow-speed semiaxis, the moment of torsion of slow-speed semiaxis transmission is obviously increased.When being displaced to limit position, when the garden conical surface of cone disk type break was directly fitted braking sleeve, power just directly all was delivered to this side drive wheel 3 from the main reducing gear driven wheel of differential through braking sleeve 1 and cone disk type break 10.In case when the traction of two-wheeled was more or less the same, the axial thrust load on the semiaxis reduced automatically, Returnning spring 11 will stop the break effect, and differential carrier is bounce back into the neutral position, removes locking, only plays differential action.

The basic structure of Fig. 2 is identical with Fig. 1, and just because of being used for medium-sized or large vehicle, the part changes to some extent: the balance Returnning spring is packed between the clamping bolt outside and braking sleeve 1 of differential carrier 5.Cancel cone disk type restorer 10 and increase some pairs of friction plates 9.The necked part of differential gear is processed to external splines and is connected from movable friction plate 9a, and active friction plate 9b links to each other with braking sleeve 1 with spline.Moreover, two differential gears here and the spline rotary orientation of semiaxis be opposite and, its lead angle is 20 °～30 °.Other working principles are all identical with Fig. 1 with power transmission process, repeat no more here.

The utility model is equally applicable in the power train of various wheeled tractors.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of automobile or wheeled tractor automatic antiskid differential of being used for, include the symmetric type bevel differential of forming by garden awl planetary pinion, planet pin (cross axle), garden awl differential gear and differential mechanism etc. and locking break two-part of forming by brake strip (dish), Returnning spring, braking sleeve, it is characterized in that:

(1) differential carrier is positioned in the braking sleeve, and differential mechanism integral body can laterally move about doing in the braking sleeve, and promote the break action and produce locking moment,

(2) lift angle being arranged in the axis hole of garden awl differential gear is 20 °～35 ° internal helix spline, and the semiaxis end is that lift angle is 20 °～35 ° a spiral male splined shaft, and the length of spline should be greater than the axial displacement of differential gear on semiaxis,

(3) necked part of planet pin extends, and is milled with two side planes at the afterbody of its each axle journal, be inlaid in respectively in four chutes on the braking sleeve,

(4) break of being made up of brake strip (dish) and Returnning spring is housed between differential carrier and braking sleeve.

2, automatic antiskid differential according to claim 1 is characterized in that the internal spline and the semiaxis upper spline axial screw lift angle of differential gear axis hole, is used for light-duty or is 30 °～35 ° during compact car, is used for medium-sized or is 20 °～30 ° during full-sized car.

3, automatic antiskid differential according to claim 1 is characterized in that being used for light-duty or when compact car, tractor, and friction plate and is equipped with Returnning spring between cone disk type break and braking sleeve between differential carrier and cone disk type break.

4, automatic antiskid differential according to claim 1 is characterized in that being used for medium-sized or when full-sized car, tractor, Returnning spring is between differential mechanism and braking sleeve.

5, automatic antiskid differential according to claim 1 is characterized in that the driven wheel of differential of main reducing gear is riveted on the outside of braking sleeve.

Images