CN203840042U - Charger for lead-acid storage battery of electric vehicle - Google Patents
Charger for lead-acid storage battery of electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN203840042U CN203840042U CN201420192740.5U CN201420192740U CN203840042U CN 203840042 U CN203840042 U CN 203840042U CN 201420192740 U CN201420192740 U CN 201420192740U CN 203840042 U CN203840042 U CN 203840042U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a charger for a lead-acid storage battery of an electric vehicle. The charger comprises a switch power supply circuit and a monitoring and control unit, the switch power supply circuit comprises a power transformer, a rectification circuit and a filter circuit, the monitoring and control unit comprises a voltage-current sensor, an integrated chip for power supply, and a microcontroller, and the monitoring and control unit is used for detecting and regulating the current and the voltage of the switch power supply circuit. According to the charger, the damage to the storage battery is effectively reduced through reasonably-designed charging strategy and charging algorithm, the charging loss is reduced, and the charging speed is increased and accelerated.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of charger, and particularly a kind of electric automobile lead acid batteries charger, is applied to electric automobile lead acid battery charge field.
Background technology
Current electric automobile lead acid accumulator, the normal charge technology of employing, charging interval overlength is super slow, directly affects the reputation of electric automobile, affects the development prospect of electric automobile, affects user's use mood.The factor that affects lead-acid battery of electric vehicle charging performance is varied, as the assembly performance of charger, and the electric current that travels of automobile, the charging strategy of charger etc.Wherein the charging process of storage battery very large on its impact in life-span, overcharges, undercharge is the main cause that causes accumulator failure.
Utility model content
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model has been to provide a kind of charger that electric automobile lead acid accumulator is carried out to quick charge, and described charger charging is quick, stable performance, has solved the not high problem of existing charger charge efficiency.
A kind of electric automobile lead acid batteries charger that the utility model provides, wherein, described charger comprises switching power circuit and monitoring and control unit, described switching power circuit comprises, power transformer, rectification circuit and filter circuit, described monitoring and control unit comprise, voltage-current sensor, power supply special integrated chip and microcontroller, and described monitoring and control unit are for detection of electric current, voltage with adjusting described switching power circuit.
Further, described monitoring and control unit comprise temperature signal testing circuit, the temperature for detection of described lead acid accumulator in charging process.
Further, described charger is divided into four sections to the charging process of described lead acid accumulator, is respectively first paragraph, and trickle charges in short-term; Second segment, constant current quick charge; The 3rd section, constant voltage equalizing charge and the 4th section, floating charge.
Further, described first paragraph is constant current charge, and charging current is controlled at 0.2A---between 0.4A.
Further, described second segment is constant current charge, and charging current is controlled at 2.25A---between 5.1 A.
Further, described charger, by the parameters such as voltage, electric current, temperature are detected in real time, determines whether described lead acid accumulator is full of.
Compared with prior art, by charging strategy reasonable in design and charging algorithm, effectively to reduce the damage of storage battery, reduce charging loss, improve and accelerate charging rate.The utility model on the basis of research storage battery for electric vehicle characteristic and charging strategy and charging algorithm, utility model a 4 segmentations based on P IC16C712 single-chip microcomputer (trickle charges in short-term, constant current quick charge, floating charge) lead acid batteries chargers.This charger is usingd P IC16C712 single-chip microcomputer as real-time monitoring and centralized control unit; adopt PWM DC-DC full-bridge converter as main circuit; make this charger can be according to the automatic regulation output voltage of the charge characteristic of storage battery, electric current; carry out intelligent charge; and can carry out Real-Time Monitoring to the running status of charger; if have extremely, can protect in time.In addition, this charger also has the features such as volume is little, lightweight, precision is high, charging rate is ultrafast, stable performance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the hardware block diagram of charger;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of charger;
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of charger temperature signal testing circuit;
Fig. 4 is the charged electrical flow process curve chart of charger;
Fig. 5 is the software configuration schematic diagram of charger.
Embodiment
By charging strategy reasonable in design and charging algorithm, effectively to reduce the damage of storage battery, reduce charging loss, improve and accelerate charging rate.The utility model on the basis of research storage battery for electric vehicle characteristic and charging strategy and charging algorithm, utility model a 4 segmentations based on P IC16C712 single-chip microcomputer (trickle charges in short-term, constant current quick charge, constant voltage equalizing charge, floating charge) lead acid batteries chargers.This charger is usingd P IC16C712 single-chip microcomputer as real-time monitoring and centralized control unit; adopt PWM DC-DC full-bridge converter as main circuit; make this charger can be according to the automatic regulation output voltage of the charge characteristic of storage battery, electric current; carry out intelligent charge; and can carry out Real-Time Monitoring to the running status of charger; if have extremely, can protect in time.In addition, this charger also has the features such as volume is little, lightweight, precision is high, charging rate is ultrafast, stable performance.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail.
the principle of 1 charger and hardware designs
1. the master-plan of 1 charger
At present, battery of electric vehicle, as a kind of energy storage device, mainly be take lead acid accumulator as main, and this charger is special designed for lead acid accumulator.Traditional charger adopts the degenerative method of current/voltage to reach the object of constant-current constant-voltage charging, this charger is in order to realize the Real-Time Monitoring of the various work parameters of charging process and the accurate control that intelligence is filled strategy soon, introduce current/voltage feedback loop, application PIC16C712 single-chip microcomputer and corresponding control circuit, as shown in Figure 1, circuit theory diagrams as shown in Figure 2 for its hardware block diagram.
By Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, can be found out, charger is mainly comprised of switching power circuit (power transformer, rectification circuit and filter circuit) and monitoring and control unit (voltage-current sensor, power supply special integrated chip UC3875 and microcontroller PIC16C712 single-chip microcomputer) two parts.
At switching power supply, the alternating current of single-phase 220V/50Hz need be through full-bridge rectification and large electric capacity low frequency filtering voltage stabilizing, and the full-bridge inverter then forming through 4 IGBT device IGBTl ~ IGBT4 can obtain the adjustable high-frequency alternating current of pulsewidth.Through high frequency transformer, be coupled to secondary, then through rectifying tube D9 and D10 rectification and inductance L 2, capacitor C 5 filtering, can obtain thus the low ripple direct voltage of variable size.
According to actual needs, monitoring is the PIC16C712 single-chip microcomputer of being released by M ICROCH IP company with the single-chip microcomputer model that control unit is selected, and it is the EPROM of 1KB * 14,128 * 8 RAM that there is capacity its inside.In addition, also comprise 48 A/D transducers, 3 timers and 1 CCP module.The voltage and current control signal of charger is to be exported by the CCP module of PIC16C712 single-chip microcomputer, through after F/V conversion, be input to error amplifier input E/A of phase shift Switching Power Supply special integrated chip UC3875+, inverting input E/A-connect main circuit output direct current or direct voltage feedback signal, the switching between the two is realized by P IC16C712 Single-chip Controlling auxiliary relay.
1. the temperature signal testing circuit of 2 chargers
In charging process, the temperature of storage battery is a very important parameter.Because the voltage of lead acid accumulator has negative temperature coefficient, its value for-4mV/℃, for one, when ambient temperature is 25 ℃, the very desirable charger of work is when ambient temperature drops to 0 ℃, will there is the phenomenon of undercharge in storage battery; And when ambient temperature is elevated to 50 ℃, storage battery is by the phenomenon that occurs overcharging, this will cause the life of storage battery to shorten.Therefore, designing good charger should have temperature detecting function and can adjust each changing voltage value in charging process according to different ambient temperatures.Simultaneously; charger also should possess temperature protection function; in charging process, when battery temp exceeds the temperature range of restriction, charger should stop immediately charging or enter trickle charge, and PIC16C712 single-chip microcomputer is lighted malfunction indicator lamp, and with prompting, which kind of occurs is abnormal.
The accuracy of temperature detection will affect the performance of charger to a great extent.For this reason, the temperature signal testing circuit that utilized LM61B IM3 design for temperature sensor, as shown in Figure 3, the temperature range that this transducer can be measured is-25 ℃ ~+85 ℃, the linearity be 10mV/℃, that is:
charging strategy and the algorithm design of 2 chargers
2. the charging flow of 1 charger
According to the feature of lead acid accumulator, its charging process is divided into 4 stages: trickle charges in short-term, constant current quick charge, constant voltage equalizing charge, floating charge.Wherein first stage and second stage are constant current charge, take this strategy to be because the charging of experimental study proof Multi-section constant current is conducive to be filled with more electric weight and can reduces damage to storage battery, increases the service life.In charging process, each stage charging voltage, the time dependent curve of charging current are as shown in Figure 4.
(1) trickle charge in short-term (T0-T1)
Storage battery the charging initial stage may be in deep discharge state (or may in impaired state), for avoiding causing " thermal runaway " to charge in batteries electric current is excessive, P IC16C712 single-chip microcomputer is by the voltage of Real-Time Monitoring storage battery, storage battery is carried out to stable little electric current trickle charge, be conducive to like this activate the reactive material in storage battery, part is recovered impaired secondary battery unit.In the trickle charge stage, battery tension starts rising, proceeds to the constant current quick charge stage when battery tension rises to the threshold value that can accept large current charge.
(2) constant current quick charge (T1-T2)
This stage charging current keeps constant, and battery tension rises very fast, when voltage rises to equalizing charge pressure threshold value, proceeds to the constant voltage equalizing charge stage.
(3) constant voltage equalizing charge (T2-T3)
This stage charging voltage keeps constant, the fast quick-recovery of battery capacity.Charging current reduces gradually, when electric current drops to a certain threshold value, automatically proceeds to the floating charge stage.
(4) floating charge (T3-)
This stage is mainly used to supplement the energy that storage battery self discharge consumes, and now indicates that charging process finishes.
2. the key technology of 2 chargers
the selection of 2. 1 storage battery constant current charge electric currents
In charging process, comprise two constant current charge processes: trickle charges and constant current quick charge in short-term.The trickle in short-term selection of charging current should be selected according to the dump energy of storage battery.Through a large amount of experimental studies, show, the storage battery that is 80% ~ 100% for depth of discharge, it is proper that charging current fixes on 0. 2 ~ 0. 4A.
The selection of constant current fast charging current will consider battery capacity, internal resistance, to many factors such as the requirement in charging interval, manufacturing costs.According to application experience, generally believe, it is proper to storage battery that this charging current is set to 0. 15 ~ 0. 3 C.What the automobile-used 48V(20Ah of electrical salf-walking) adopt during lead acid accumulator is 20 ℃ of nominals, but actual capacity often can only reach 15 ~ 17Ah.Therefore,, according to this experience view, charging current should roughly fix between 2. 25 ~ 5. 1 A, average out to 3. 675A.
There is designer to think to reduce charging current and there are 3 aspects:
(1) can make the heat of generation in the unit interval reduce, be conducive to latter stage in useful life and assurance charging in summer quality at storage battery;
(2) can reduce the impact of polarization (ohmic polarization, concentration polarization, electrochemical polarization) phenomenon, be conducive to charging in winter;
(3) can reduce the power output of charger, manufacturing cost declines.
But also have designer to think, storage battery for electric vehicle is with the electric discharge of larger electric current short time, and charge acceptance is high, so can increase charging current (being even recommended as 5A) to improve charging rate.
By electric vehicle 48V (20Ah) storage batterys such as sky, Zhejiang energy, the super prestige in Zhejiang, Britain IBT and PANASONIC have been carried out to long-term failtests.In when charging, adopting mean value is 3. 5A the constant current fast charging current dynamically adjusted by a small margin according to ambient temperature, and storage battery is obviously heating not, and charging process is reliable and stable.
the selection of 2. 2 storage battery constant voltage charge voltages
The selection of constant voltage charge voltage is very crucial, because it can not adjust in very wide scope.Determine that this parameter not only needs storage battery to have comparatively dark people's understanding, also need the factors such as strategy of charging to consider.
Storage battery is in when charging, and the oxygen speed of analysing on positive pole is directly proportional to the charging voltage applying, and oxygen is transferred to negative pole and be dissolved in the speed of reducing in negative terminal surface liquid film, be restricted, oxygen separate out faster than reduction time, combined efficiency is decline just, causes dehydration.Generally, the float charge voltage of 48V valve-regulated lead-acid battery is arranged on 55-55. 6 V, can guarantee that storage battery is for a long time in charged state and few dehydration.Recycling storage battery maximum charging voltage is 58.8V, will make combined efficiency sharply decline, thereby affect the useful life of battery if surpassed.
the judgement whether 2. 3 storage batterys are full of
The judgement whether storage battery has been full of in charging process is the important indicator of charger.If storage battery underfill and misjudge and will cause storage battery charge less for being full of; Otherwise, will cause accumulator super-charge, both of these case all can have a strong impact on the life-span of storage battery.At present judge that the control criterion whether storage battery is full of has: timing controlled, voltage control (comprising ceiling voltage, negative increment of voltage, voltage zero increment etc.), temperature are controlled (comprising maximum temperature, maximum temperaturerise, rate of temperature change etc.), Current Control (comprising minimum current, current change quantity etc.), dynamic internal resistance control etc.
In actual applications, if all will inevitably there is defect in the mode of single control.Such as, in constant voltage equalizing charge process, it is constant that voltage keeps, electric current can reduce gradually along with the process of charging, when little electric current to a certain extent will be constant, no longer decline, electric energy is at this moment very low to the transformation efficiency of chemical energy, electric energy is mainly used in brine electrolysis, it is generally acknowledged that this electric current is the aftercurrent of storage battery constant voltage equalizing charge.Yet the large young pathbreaker of aftercurrent changes along with the variation of ambient temperature, that is to say that aftercurrent is a dynamic value that affected by inside and outside boundary multiple factors.If do not have temperature to control, maximum charging voltage and switch current all can only be arranged to definite value, in any case and this definite value setting all can only become best setting in a relatively little scope.For this reason, the charger of design is by the running parameters such as voltage, electric current, temperature are detected in real time, and by the judge rule of fuzzy theory, these parameters comprehensively analyzed, thereby determines whether storage battery is full of.
2. the software architecture of 3 chargers
As shown in Figure 5, the software architecture schematic diagram of charger.The software module of PIC16C712 single-chip microcomputer mainly complete to the input signal of transducer gather, to power supply special chip UC3875 control, to the work such as extremely processing.In design process, software systems detect primary voltage and electric current every 10s; Every 20s, detect a temperature.If any extremely, system will point out user occur which kind of is abnormal and take corresponding safeguard measure by LED.
This charger is usingd PIC16C712 single-chip microcomputer as real-time monitoring and centralized control unit; adopt PWM DC-DC full-bridge converter as main circuit; make this charger can be according to the automatic regulation output voltage of the charge characteristic of storage battery, electric current; carry out intelligent super-quick charging electricity; and can carry out Real-Time Monitoring to the running status of charger; if have extremely, can protect in time.
By charging strategy reasonable in design and charging algorithm, effectively to reduce the damage of storage battery, reduce charging loss, improve and accelerate charging rate.The utility model on the basis of research storage battery for electric vehicle characteristic and charging strategy and charging algorithm, utility model a 4 segmentations based on P IC16C712 single-chip microcomputer (trickle charges in short-term, constant current quick charge, floating charge) lead acid batteries chargers.This charger is usingd P IC16C712 single-chip microcomputer as real-time monitoring and centralized control unit; adopt PWM DC-DC full-bridge converter as main circuit; make this charger can be according to the automatic regulation output voltage of the charge characteristic of storage battery, electric current; carry out intelligent charge; and can carry out Real-Time Monitoring to the running status of charger; if have extremely, can protect in time.In addition, this charger also has the features such as volume is little, lightweight, precision is high, charging rate is ultrafast, stable performance.
Claims (6)
1. an electric automobile lead acid batteries charger, it is characterized in that, described charger comprises switching power circuit and monitoring and control unit, described switching power circuit comprises, power transformer, rectification circuit and filter circuit, described monitoring and control unit comprise, voltage-current sensor, power supply special integrated chip and microcontroller, and described monitoring and control unit are for detection of electric current, voltage with adjusting described switching power circuit.
2. charger according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described monitoring and control unit comprise temperature signal testing circuit the temperature for detection of described lead acid accumulator in charging process.
3. charger according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described charger is divided into four sections to the charging process of described lead acid accumulator, is respectively first paragraph, and trickle charges in short-term; Second segment, constant current quick charge; The 3rd section, constant voltage equalizing charge and the 4th section, floating charge.
4. charger according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described first paragraph is constant current charge, and charging current is controlled at 0.2A---between 0.4A.
5. charger according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described second segment is constant current charge, and charging current is controlled at 2.25A---between 5.1 A.
6. charger according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described charger, by the parameters such as voltage, electric current, temperature are detected in real time, determines whether described lead acid accumulator is full of.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201420192740.5U CN203840042U (en) | 2014-04-18 | 2014-04-18 | Charger for lead-acid storage battery of electric vehicle |
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| CN201420192740.5U CN203840042U (en) | 2014-04-18 | 2014-04-18 | Charger for lead-acid storage battery of electric vehicle |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103997108A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-08-20 | 河南速达电动汽车科技有限公司 | Electric automobile lead acid battery charger |
| CN105048613A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-11 | 泉州市海通电子设备有限公司 | Electric vehicle intelligent charger |
-
2014
- 2014-04-18 CN CN201420192740.5U patent/CN203840042U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103997108A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-08-20 | 河南速达电动汽车科技有限公司 | Electric automobile lead acid battery charger |
| CN105048613A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-11 | 泉州市海通电子设备有限公司 | Electric vehicle intelligent charger |
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