CN203742729U - 催化转化器组件及排气*** - Google Patents
催化转化器组件及排气*** Download PDFInfo
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- CN203742729U CN203742729U CN201420069051.5U CN201420069051U CN203742729U CN 203742729 U CN203742729 U CN 203742729U CN 201420069051 U CN201420069051 U CN 201420069051U CN 203742729 U CN203742729 U CN 203742729U
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- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
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- F01N2470/08—Gas passages being formed between the walls of an outer shell and an inner chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2470/18—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2470/24—Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract
本实用新型提供了一种催化转化器组件及排气***，该催化转化器组件包括：催化转化器外壳（21），该催化转化器外壳构造成容纳催化转化器；以及包括催化转化器组件的出口（23）的出口外壳（22），该出口外壳构造成使得催化转化器外壳的端部（21b）延伸到由出口外壳形成的腔室（26）中，其中，出口离开催化转化器外壳的端部设置，在使用中，流过出口外壳的排气流过催化转化器外壳的朝外表面（27）的至少一部分。本实用新型还公开了一种排气***。通过本实用新型的技术方案，可缩短催化转化器并由此缩短整个排气***，以使其能够在较宽的范围中应用，同时可减轻设计和验证负担并将库存降至最小。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及用于内燃机的催化转化器组件。
背景技术
用于汽车内燃机的排气***通常包括催化转化器。该催化转化器包括催化剂，其通过催化化学反应而将来自内燃机的排放物转化为危害较小物质而减少有害排放物。
通常，催化转化器在其能够有效地起作用之前必须达到特定温度。该温度被称作“起燃”温度。因此，催化转化器可紧密连接至内燃机的排气装置，从而降低起燃时间并减少过渡时期的有害排放物。
然而，在汽车应用中，通常情况下，发动机附近几乎没有可用空间，因此不得不在催化转化器向发动机排气装置的靠近方面作出让步。
此外，包含催化转化器的排气***的装置通常专用于特定应用，例如特定车型。这在以下方面是所不期望的：需对这种***进行额外设计和由此产生的部件库存的增加。
本实用新型旨在解决这些问题。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种可在发动机附近空间有限的应用中使用的催化转化器组件和排气***。
根据本实用新型的第一方面提供了一种用于内燃机的催化转化器组件，该催化转化器组件包括：催化转化器外壳，催化转化器外壳构造成容纳催化转化器；以及包括催化转化器组件的出口的出口外壳，出口外壳构造成使得催化转化器外壳的端部延伸到由出口外壳形成的出口外壳腔室中，出口至少部分地离开（set back from）催化转化器外壳的端部设置，在使用中，流过出口外壳的排气流经催化转化器外壳的朝外表面的至少一部分。
催化转化器组件还可包括喷雾注射器，喷雾注射器可构造成将喷雾注射到出口外壳腔室中。喷雾注射器可构造成将尿素注射到出口外壳腔室中。
催化转化器外壳和出口外壳可在催化转化器外壳和出口外壳的重叠区域中形成环形件。例如，出口外壳的内壁和催化转化器外壳的外壁可形成环形件。催化转化器外壳和出口外壳可大致为圆筒形，然而两者还可为其它任意形状。环形件的横截面积可等于催化转化器的横截面积。
出口可配置在催化转化器外壳与出口外壳重叠的区域中，例如，如此使得该出口可与环形件流体连通。该出口可配置在出口外壳的外壁中。
出口外壳可引导来自催化转化器的排气流穿过出口。出口外壳可包括端壁。端壁可包括用于容纳延伸到出口外壳腔室中的催化转化器外壳的端部的开孔。该端壁可邻近环形件布置。该端壁可离开催化转化器外壳的端部设置。
催化转化器组件可构造成与内燃机紧密连接。该催化转化器组件可紧密连接至与发动机相关的出口，例如发动机排气歧管出口或涡轮增压器出口。
根据本实用新型的另一方面提供了一种用于内燃机的排气***，其可包括前述催化转化器组件。
排气***还可包括排气处理组件。该排气处理组件可构造成于催化转化器组件的下游安置。
排气***还可包括连接管。该连接管可构造成于催化转化器组件出口和排气处理组件之间安置。
排气处理组件可包括另外的催化转化器。排气处理组件可包括柴油微粒滤清器。排气处理组件可包括选择性催化还原***。该排气处理组件可包括选择性催化还原***与柴油微粒滤清器的组合。排气处理组件可包括前述部件的任意组合。
排气处理组件在尺寸上是可调整的，例如长度。排气后处理***可针对特定应用专门设计。
排气***还可包括尿素计量装置。该尿素计量装置可为将尿素配送到出口外壳腔室中而连接至出口外壳。
该排气***可为模块化的。该排气***的一个或多个部件可常见于一系列车辆平台上。排气***与一系列车辆平台上常见的排气***的一个或多个部件模块化。
通过本实用新型的技术方案，可缩短催化转化器并由此缩短整个排气***，以使其能够在较宽的范围中应用，同时可减轻设计和验证负担并将库存降至最小。
附图说明
为更好地理解本实用新型并更清楚地展示如何实施本实用新型，现通过实例参照附图，其中：
图1示出了根据本实用新型的实例的排气***；
图2a和图2b示出了根据本实用新型的实例的分别不具有和具有喷雾注射器的催化转化器组件的侧视截面图；
图3示出了根据本实用新型的实例的催化转化器组件的端视截面图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，本实用新型涉及用于汽车且尤其是用于汽车的内燃机的排气***10。在特定实例中，本实用新型可应用于柴油机，然而其可同样地应用于汽油机或任何其它类型的发动机。排气***10包括催化转化器组件20。如所述，排气***10还可包括排气处理组件40，其可安置在催化转化器组件20的下游。
连接管50可配置在催化转化器组件20与排气处理组件40之间。应当理解，来自内燃机（例如，来自排气歧管或涡轮增压器，两者均未示出）的排气可经由入口24流入催化转化器组件20，然后经由连接管50流入排气处理组件40。来自排气处理组件40的排气可从排气处理组件出口42排出。该排气然后可经由其它导管（未示出）例如从汽车排出。
催化转化器组件20可包括催化转化器（未示出），其配置成通过催化化学反应将发动机排放物转化成危害较小物质。例如，催化转化器可将一氧化碳转化成二氧化碳；将未燃烧的碳氢化合物转换成二氧化碳和水；将氮氧化物转化成氮气；和/或这些反应的混合。然而，在特定装置中，催化转化器可将一氧化碳转化成二氧化碳和/或将未燃烧的碳氢化合物转化成二氧化碳和水。催化转化器的催化剂可配置在蜂窝状结构中，该结构可为陶瓷或金属。该催化剂可包括铂、钯、铑、铈、铁、锰、镍、铜、任意合适的材料或上述材料的组合。
排气处理组件40可包括另一催化转化器。参照前一催化转化器描述的特征同样适用于另一催化转化器。具体地，排气处理组件40可包括将氮氧化物转化成氮气或转化成氮气与水的催化转化器。例如，排气处理组件可包括选择性催化还原***。
另外地或可选地，针对另一催化转化器，排气处理组件40可包括柴油微粒滤清器。在特定实例中，排气处理组件40可包括选择性催化还原***与柴油微粒滤清器的组合，例如，选择性催化还原***可配置在柴油微粒滤清器的表面上。
排气***10可模块化。例如，催化转化器组件20和/或排气处理组件40常见于一系列车辆平台。通过这种方式，可减轻设计及验证的负担并将库存降至最低。此外，通过区别催化转化器和排气处理组件的功能，可配置适用性更强的排气***。
然而，排气处理组件40可调整尺寸，例如长度。例如，可配置长度不同的一系列排气处理组件40。排气处理组件可仅仅长度不同。通过这种方式，排气后处理***可针对特定应用（例如，特定车型）而专门定制。可很容易地实现对较长或较短排气处理组件的设计和验证，并可简单地供应和存储长度不同的排气处理组件。
连接管50可针对特定应用（例如，特定车型）而专门设计。针对特定应用设计连接管比针对每种车型设计特定催化转化器更为简便。相较于针对每种车型的特定催化转化器，供应并存储一系列连接管同样更为简单。
参照图2和图3，催化转化器组件20包括：催化转化器外壳21和包括催化转化器组件的出口23的出口外壳22。正如上面所提到的，催化转化器组件20可包括催化转化器，且催还转化器外壳21可构造成容纳催化转化器19。出口外壳22可引导来自催化转化器19的排气穿过出口23。
催化转化器组件20可构造成紧密连接至内燃机。催化转化器组件20可紧密连接至与发动机相关的出口，例如，连接至发动机排气歧管出口或涡轮增压器出口。
催化转化器组件20可包括入口24，其配置在入口锥体25中。入口锥体25可连接至催化转化器外壳21的入口端21a。入口锥体25可增大从入口24至催化转化器外壳的入口端21a的气流的横截面积。
如所述，催化转化器外壳21的出口端21b可延伸到由出口外壳22形成的腔室26中。因此，出口外壳22的尺寸（例如直径）可大于催化转化器外壳21的尺寸，至少在两者的重叠区域如此。出口23可至少部分地离开催化转化器外壳21的出口端21b设置。例如，形成出口23的开孔的一部分可离开催化转化器外壳21的出口端21b设置。可选地，形成出口23的整个开孔可离开催化转化器外壳21的出口端21b设置。
因此，应当想到，在使用中，流过出口外壳22的排气可流过由催化转化器外壳21和出口外壳22形成的环形件31（如图2a和图2b中箭头所示）。排气可流过催化转化器外壳21的朝外表面27的至少一部分。
出口外壳22可包括第一端壁28a。第一端壁28a可大致垂直于催化转化器外壳21的纵轴，或者，如所示，第一端壁28a可相对于催化转化器外壳21的纵轴成一角度。第一端壁28a可包括开孔29，用于容纳延伸到出口外壳腔室26中的催化转化器外壳21的出口端21b。换言之，催化转化器外壳21可延伸穿过第一端壁28a中的开孔29。端壁28a可离开催化转化器外壳21的出口端21b设置。
出口外壳22可包括第二端壁28b。第二端壁28b可横跨出口外壳22的端部延伸。第二端壁28b可在其与出口外壳22的接合部位倒圆角。第二端壁28b（例如，圆角边缘）可将气流从催化转化器朝向由催化转化器外壳21与出口外壳22形成的环形件31引导。
衬套18可设置在催化转化器19与催化转化器外壳21之间。衬套18可离开催化转化器外壳21的入口端和出口端21a、21b中的一个或两个设置。
参照图2b，催化转化器组件20还可包括以示意形式示出的喷雾注射器30。喷雾注射器30可构造成将喷雾（例如，液滴喷雾）注射到出口外壳腔室26中。在特定实例中，喷雾注射器30可构造成将尿素注入到出口外壳腔室中。尿素的注射可用于排气处理组件40中的选择性催化还原反应。因此，可以想到，排气***10还可包括尿素计量装置（未示出）。该尿素计量装置可连接至出口外壳22，用于将尿素配给到出口外壳腔室中。例如，由于气流的转向和/或该区域中的任何湍流，将喷雾注射到出口外壳腔室26中可使得喷雾与排气更大量地混合。
如图3所示，催化转化器外壳21和出口外壳22可在两者重叠的区域中形成环形件31。例如，出口外壳22的内壁32和催化转化器外壳21的朝外表面27可形成环形件31。如所示，催化转化器外壳21和出口外壳22可大致为圆筒形，至少在环形件31的区域中为圆筒形，然而催化转化器外壳21和出口外壳22可为任何其它形状。催化转化器外壳21和出口外壳22可大致同轴，至少在环形件31的区域中如此。
出口23可设置在催化转化器外壳21和出口外壳22重叠的区域中。因此，出口23可与环形件31流体连通。出口23可设置在出口外壳22的外壁33中。出口23可连接至排气***10的连接管50。
环形件31的横截面积34可与催化转化器的横截面积35大致相等。通过这种方式，穿过出口外壳的排气的流量可不会过度受到流入环形件31的排气的影响，且可使催化转化器组件20两端的压降最小化。
本实用新型的出口外壳可缩短催化转化器而不会必然影响催化转化器组件两端的压降。这是因为环形件的截面积和排气流在出口外壳中的滞留时间增加。
应当理解，较短催化转化器组件可在较宽范围的应用中使用，尤其是在邻近发动机的空间有限的应用中。因此，相同催化转化器组件20可在一系列应用中使用，例如在一系列车型中使用。通过这种方式，可减轻设计和验证负担并将库存降至最小。
此外，排气从发动机直接流入催化转化器可确保快速达到催化转化器的起燃温度。排气流过催化转化器外壳的朝外表面还可从排气中回收热量，并辅助催化转化器更为快速地升温。换言之，排气的热量可通过催化转化器外壳与出口外壳的重叠位置而传递至催化转化器。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于内燃机的催化转化器组件，其特征在于，所述催化转化器组件包括：
催化转化器外壳，所述催化转化器外壳构造成容纳催化转化器；以及
包括所述催化转化器组件的出口的出口外壳，所述出口外壳构造成使得所述催化转化器外壳的端部延伸到由所述出口外壳形成的出口外壳腔室中，
其中，所述出口至少部分地离开所述催化转化器外壳的端部设置，在使用中，流过所述出口外壳的排气流经所述催化转化器外壳的朝外表面的至少一部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化转化器组件，其特征在于，所述催化转化器外壳和所述出口外壳在所述催化转化器外壳和所述出口外壳重叠的区域中形成环形件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的催化转化器组件，其特征在于，所述环形件的横截面积等于所述催化转化器的横截面积。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的催化转化器组件，其特征在于，所述出口配置在所述催化转化器外壳与所述出口外壳重叠的区域中，使得所述出口与所述环形件流体连通。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的催化转化器组件，其特征在于，所述出口外壳包括端壁，所述端壁包括用于容纳延伸到所述出口外壳腔室中的催化转化器外壳的端部的开孔。
6.一种用于内燃机的排气***，其特征在于，所述排气***包括前述任一权利要求所述的催化转化器组件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的排气***，其特征在于，所述排气***还包括排气处理组件，所述排气处理组件构造成于所述催化转化器组件的下游安置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的排气***，其特征在于，所述排气***还包括连接管，所述连接管构造成于催化转化器组件出口和所述排气处理组件之间安置。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的排气***，其特征在于，所述排气处理组件在尺寸上是可调整的。
10.根据权利要求7或8所述的排气***，其特征在于，所述排气***与一系列车辆平台上常见的排气***的一个或多个部件模块化。
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| DE102016122769A1 (de) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-05-30 | Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG | Abgasbehandlungsanordnung |
| DE102018133634A1 (de) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-07-02 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Abgasnachbehandlungssystem für einen Verbrennungsmotor |
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| GB0721528D0 (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2007-12-12 | T Baden Hardstaff Ltd | Exhaust system |
| DE102010034705A1 (de) * | 2010-08-18 | 2012-02-23 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Kompakte Abgasbehandlungseinheit mit Reaktionsmittelzugabe |
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