CN203376292U - Ultrasonic Lamb wave-based butt weld nondestructive testing system - Google Patents
Ultrasonic Lamb wave-based butt weld nondestructive testing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN203376292U CN203376292U CN201320317190.0U CN201320317190U CN203376292U CN 203376292 U CN203376292 U CN 203376292U CN 201320317190 U CN201320317190 U CN 201320317190U CN 203376292 U CN203376292 U CN 203376292U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an ultrasonic Lamb wave-based butt weld nondestructive testing system belonging to the field of ultrasonic guided-wave nondestructive testing. An excitation source is loaded at the end part of a weld, two piezoelectric patches are symmetrically attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of a board for being excitated to generate a weld guided-wave propagating along the weld, the weld guided-wave is high in mode energy and low in attenuation speed, and thus the problem of long-time detection can be solved. As shown in figure, the ultrasonic Lamb wave-based butt weld nondestructive testing system comprises a function generator (1), a power amplifier (2), piezoelectric patches (3), an oblique incidence type piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor (4), an oscilloscope (5) and a computer (6). According to the ultrasonic Lamb wave-based butt weld nondestructive testing system, the detection is carried out, an ultrasonic Lamp wave can generate a flaw echo when countering a flaw on the weld, the distance between the flaw and the excitation source can be solved according to the time difference of an excitation waveform and a received flaw echo waveform and the group velocity of a weld ultrasonic guided-wave mode, and thus effective positioning of the butt weld flaw is realized.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the supersonic guide-wave field of non destructive testing, is specifically related to a kind of butt-weld nondestructive detection system based on ultrasonic Lamb wave.
Background technology
Along with the high speed development of modern industrial technology, as the solder technology of one of machine-building important means, be widely used in manufacturing each department, fields such as mechanical industry, nuclear industry and space flight and aviation.Particularly point out, be welded on the manufacture of pressure-bearing class special equipment and use in occupy very important status, for example, in the manufacture of pressure vessel, the workload of welding accounts for more than 30% of whole workload, and wherein, butt-weld is the chief component of pressure vessel base plate center plate.As important point of attachment, the quality of butt-weld has a direct impact the safety and reliability of pressure-bearing class special equipment product.The change of butt-weld mechanical property can reduce the load-bearing capacity of equipment, likely causes great personnel casualty accidents and huge economic loss.
At field of non destructive testing, mainly utilize the methods such as Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting, EDDY CURRENT, ray detection, acoustic emission detection and Ultrasonic Detection to detect weld seam.Leakage field and EDDY CURRENT can directly be observed, and are beneficial to judgement, but only easily detect face of weld or near surface flaw, can't detect the weld seam inherent vice; Ray detector is bulky, and investment is large, and harmful; The ground unrest of acoustic emission detection is large, and signal is difficult to distinguish; Ultrasonic Detection adopts the point by point scanning mode to be detected, and wastes time and energy.
Ultrasonic Lamb wave is the supersonic guide-wave of propagating in thin plate, has the following advantages: the information that has comprised whole sensing range in the reception signal of ultrasonic Lamb wave; Little along direction of propagation decay, can be grown distance and be detected; Radiationless, and harmless.Existing scholar uses ultrasonic Lamb wave to detect the defect in butt-weld both at home and abroad, but the most scholar is the defect on the butt welded seams such as reflection characteristic, refracting characteristic and attenuation characteristic that utilize after the incident of ultrasonic Lamb wave vertical weld to be detected, these methods cause decay seriously to be difficult to receive detection signal because the Lamb ripple passes through after weld seam, detect distance shorter, detected energy is lower.
The utility model content
The utility model has overcome the short difficult problem of detection distance, proposes a kind of butt-weld lossless detection method based on ultrasonic Lamb wave.The weld seam guided wave modal energy that this method produces in the end of welding bead excitation is high, and decay is slow, can solve long apart from test problems.
The butt-weld lossless detection method based on ultrasonic Lamb wave the utility model proposes, its ultimate principle is:
In conjunction with architectural feature and the material properties of butt-weld, utilize finite element emulation software ABAQUS to create the emulation geometric model, as shown in Figure 2.Power load is carried in end of welding bead, and density of load rule over time is set as the sine wave signal through the Hanning window modulation.Setting the output node collection is the straight line perpendicular to weld seam, and output variable is displacement.Model parameter is as following table:
Extract FEM Numerical Simulation, enter the cloud atlas display module and observe not displacement field distribution situation in the same time, as shown in Figure 3.Supersonic guide-wave has produced S0 mode in the process of propagating along weld seam, A0 mode, the A0 mode of leaking, SHO mode and weld seam guided wave modal, the slightly slow but energy of the speed that wherein the weld seam guided wave modal is propagated than S0 mode is higher than S0 mode, decay is slow, and propagation distance is far away, therefore this mode is very suitable for the detection of weld seam; Extraction is perpendicular to the amplitude of acceptance point on the straight line of weld seam, amplitude variation diagram while obtaining weld seam and no-welding-seam, as shown in Figure 4, because welded seam area is thicker than both sides mother metal, make the velocity of propagation of sound wave in weld seam slower than mother metal, so energy mainly concentrate on weld seam and weld seam near zone.Supersonic guide-wave mode energy in the process of propagating along weld seam is high, and decay is slow, is very suitable for butt welded seam and near defect is detected.
Extract FEM Numerical Simulation, change reinforcement, weld width and the Young modulus of butt-weld, draw the best scope of application of the method.
When i) weld reinforcement is different:
1. draw apart from driving source 200mm and perpendicular to the acceptance point amplitude on the B-B line of weld seam respectively with the weld reinforcement variation diagram, as shown in Figure 5;
2. according to the amplitude change curve in 1., draw weld reinforcement when different, on weld seam apart from the amplitude variation diagram of driving source 200mm place's point, as shown in Figure 6.As seen from the figure, the butt-weld reinforcement is larger, and the guided wave amplitude is larger, and the analysis identification to signal while using ultrasonic Lamb wave to be detected is more effective, detects effect better;
3. draw acceptance point amplitude on the C-C line respectively with the weld reinforcement variation diagram, as shown in Figure 7, arrow means the direction that weld reinforcement is increased by 0-3mm, is spaced apart 0.5mm.As seen from the figure, with the increase of propagation distance, decay in various degree occurs in guided wave energy;
4. according to the amplitude change curve in 3., draw weld reinforcement when different, the attenuation rate of acceptance point on the C-C line, as shown in Figure 8.With the increase of butt-weld reinforcement, attenuation rate constantly increases.When weld reinforcement surpasses 2.3mm, its attenuation ratio no-welding-seam steel plate is fast, is not suitable for utilizing guided wave to be detected.Therefore, the weld reinforcement value in 2.3mm the time, is easy to utilize the Lamb ripple to be detected;
When ii) weld width is different:
1. draw acceptance point amplitude on the B-B line respectively with the weld width variation diagram, as shown in Figure 9;
2. according to the amplitude change curve in 1., draw weld width when different, on weld seam apart from the amplitude variation diagram of driving source 200mm place's point, as shown in figure 10.As seen from the figure, the butt-weld width is larger, and the guided wave amplitude is larger, and the analysis identification to signal while using ultrasonic Lamb wave to be detected is more effective, detects effect better;
3. draw acceptance point amplitude on the C-C line respectively with the weld width variation diagram, as shown in figure 11, arrow means the direction that weld width is increased by 4-10mm, is spaced apart 1mm.As seen from the figure, with the increase of propagation distance, decay in various degree occurs in guided wave energy;
4. according to the amplitude change curve in 3., draw weld width when different, the attenuation rate of acceptance point on the C-C line, as Figure 12.With the increase of butt-weld width, attenuation rate almost keeps same value constant, illustrates that weld width changes detecting influential effect very little;
When iii) steel plate is different from the Young modulus ratio of weld seam:
1. draw acceptance point amplitude on the B-B line respectively with Young modulus ratio variation diagram, as shown in figure 13;
2. according to the amplitude change curve in 1., draw Young modulus ratio when different, on weld seam apart from the amplitude variation diagram of driving source 200mm place's point, as shown in figure 14.As seen from the figure, with the increase of Young modulus ratio, the weld seam mid point is less than apart from the amplitude of driving source 200mm place's point at 1 o'clock at Young modulus ratio and constantly reduces, and be greater than 1 o'clock first increases and then decreases, and ratio is that 1.25 o'clock energy are the highest;
3. draw acceptance point amplitude on the C-C line respectively with Young modulus ratio variation diagram, as shown in figure 15, arrow means the direction that Young modulus ratio increases, and is respectively 0.7,0.8,0.9,1,1.05,1.1,1.15,1.2,1.25,1.3,1.35,1.5,1.7.As seen from the figure, with the increase of propagation distance, decay in various degree occurs in guided wave energy;
4. according to the amplitude change curve in 3., draw Young modulus ratio when different, the attenuation rate of acceptance point on the C-C line, as shown in figure 16.With the increase of Young modulus ratio, after taking the lead in reducing, decay increases rapidly, and ratio energy attenuation minimum while being 1-1.3, suitablely utilize ultrasonic Lamb wave to be grown distance to detect.Therefore, in conjunction with 2. conclusion, point out that the Young modulus ratio of steel plate and weld seam is when 1-1.3, the analysis identification to signal while using ultrasonic Lamb wave to be detected is more effective, detects effect better.
The technical solution of the utility model, specifically see Fig. 1, comprise function generator, power amplifier, piezoelectric patches, oblique incidence formula piezoelectric supersonic sensor, oscillograph and computing machine, wherein two piezoelectric patches symmetries are attached to the upper and lower surface of plate, and be placed on end of welding bead, oblique incidence formula piezoelectric supersonic installation of sensors is on welding plate, function generator is as external trigger, the output terminal of function generator connects respectively power amplifier and oscillograph, the input end of its output terminal and power amplifier is connected, the output terminal of power amplifier is connected with piezoelectric patches, oblique incidence formula piezoelectric supersonic sensor is connected with oscillograph, computing machine is connected with oscillograph.Wherein piezoelectric patches and oblique incidence formula piezoelectric supersonic sensor are the sensor special that transmits and receives ultrasonic Lamb wave.Draw the relation curve of Lamb ripple incident angle and frequency according to geometry and the material property parameter of plate structure to be detected, thereby choose the incident angle of oblique incidence formula piezoelectric supersonic sensor.
Utilize above-mentioned detection system to carry out the detection of butt-weld defect, specifically comprise the steps:
Step 1): according to geometry and the material property parameter of plate structure to be detected, the dispersion curve of computing board structure.According to Lamb wave propagation characteristic in dispersion curve, the frequency of selected pumping signal;
Step 2): utilize the centre frequency of above-mentioned selected frequency as pumping signal, produced the sine wave signal in 3-20 cycle of Hanning window modulation by function generator as pumping signal, input respectively oscillograph and power amplifier;
Step 3): two piezoelectric patches symmetries are attached to the upper and lower surface of plate, and pumping signal is amplified and put on piezoelectric patches through power amplifier, and excitation produces ultrasonic Lamb wave;
Step 4): after ultrasonic Lamb wave is propagated along butt-weld, oblique incidence formula piezoelectric supersonic sensor receives acoustic signals, and this signal access oscillograph is stored, and carries out aftertreatment on computers;
Step 5): the defect that ultrasonic Lamb wave runs on weld seam can produce flaw echo, by the mistiming Δ t of the flaw echo waveform of excitation waveform and reception, and the group velocity v of welding line ultrasonic guided wave modal
g, can be in the hope of defect the distance apart from driving source, S=Δ t * v
g, defect is carried out to effective location.
The utlity model has following advantage: 1) it is a kind of method of Non-Destructive Testing, does not need structure is carried out to any destruction, can realize detecting and assessment; 2) upper and lower surface that adopts two piezoelectric patches symmetries to be attached to plate is encouraged, and can effectively motivate single S0 mode Lamb ripple; 3) mode that adopts end of welding bead to load encourages supersonic guide-wave, has produced the weld seam guided wave modal that energy is high, decay slow, has solved long apart from test problems.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing explanation and embodiment, the utility model is described in further detail.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 pick-up unit schematic diagram;
The front view of Fig. 2 (a) butt-weld model;
The vertical view of Fig. 2 (b) butt-weld model;
Fig. 3 ABAQUS finite element simulation cloud atlas at a time shows;
Apart from driving source 200mm and perpendicular to the acceptance point on the straight line of weld seam, the amplitude when weld seam and no-welding-seam are arranged changes Fig. 4;
Acceptance point amplitude on Fig. 5 B-B line is with the weld reinforcement variation diagram;
When Fig. 6 reinforcement is different, the amplitude apart from driving source 200mm place's point on weld seam changes;
When Fig. 7 reinforcement is different, on the C-C line, the amplitude of acceptance point changes;
When Fig. 8 reinforcement is different, the attenuation rate of acceptance point on the C-C line;
Acceptance point amplitude on Fig. 9 B-B line is with the weld width variation diagram;
When Figure 10 weld width is different, the amplitude apart from driving source 200mm place's point on weld seam changes;
When Figure 11 weld width is different, on the C-C line, the amplitude of acceptance point changes;
When Figure 12 weld width is different, the attenuation rate of acceptance point on the C-C line;
Acceptance point amplitude on Figure 13 B-B line is with Young modulus ratio variation diagram;
When Figure 14 Young modulus ratio is different, the amplitude apart from driving source 200mm place's point on weld seam changes;
When Figure 15 Young modulus ratio is different, on the C-C line, the amplitude of acceptance point changes;
When Figure 16 Young modulus ratio is different, the attenuation rate of acceptance point on the C-C line;
The S0 mode group velocity dispersion curve of Figure 173 mm steel plate;
The S0 mode incident angle of Figure 183 mm steel plate and the relation curve of frequency;
Experimental result and simulation result comparison diagram that on Figure 19 no-welding-seam steel plate B-B line, the acceptance point amplitude changes;
Figure 20 has experimental result and the simulation result comparison diagram that on weld seam steel plate B-B line, the acceptance point amplitude changes;
In figure, 1-function generator, 2-power amplifier, 3-piezoelectric patches, 4-oblique incidence formula piezoelectric supersonic sensor, 5-oscillograph, 6-computing machine.
Embodiment
This system comprises function generator 1, power amplifier 2, piezoelectric patches 3, oblique incidence formula piezoelectric supersonic sensor 4, oscillograph 5 and computing machine 6, two piezoelectric patches 3 symmetries are attached to the upper and lower surface of welding plate, and be placed on end of welding bead, oblique incidence formula piezoelectric supersonic sensor 4 is arranged on welding plate, the output terminal of function generator 1 is connected with the input end of power amplifier 2, the output terminal of power amplifier 2 is connected with piezoelectric patches 3, oblique incidence formula piezoelectric supersonic sensor 4 is connected with oscillograph 5, and computing machine 6 is connected with oscillograph 5.
Concrete implementation step comprises:
Step 1): welding plate to be detected adopts jam welding to weld together by two blocks of 500 * 1000 * 3mm steel plates, to form 1000 * 1000 * 3mm steel plate, butt-weld adopts argon arc welding to be welded, and weld reinforcement is 1mm, weld width is 5mm, and the material property parameter of steel plate is as following table:
Draw the dispersion curve of plate structure, as shown in figure 17, S0 mode frequency dispersion degree when 200kHz is less than 5%, therefore the centre frequency of pumping signal is set as 200kHz;
Step 2): utilize the centre frequency of above-mentioned selected frequency 200kHz as pumping signal, produced the sine wave signal in 10 cycles of Hanning window modulation by function generator as pumping signal, input respectively oscillograph and power amplifier;
Step 3): two piezoelectric patches symmetries are attached to the upper and lower surface of plate, and pumping signal is amplified and put on piezoelectric patches through power amplifier, and excitation produces ultrasonic Lamb wave;
Step 4): after ultrasonic Lamb wave is propagated along butt-weld, oblique incidence formula piezoelectric supersonic sensor receives acoustic signals, and this signal access oscillograph is stored, and carries out aftertreatment on computers.Draw the relation curve of Lamb ripple incident angle and frequency according to geometry and the material property parameter of plate structure to be detected, as shown in figure 18, incident angle is 30 while spending, can motivate the Lamb ripple of S0 mode when frequency is 200kHz, be 30 degree therefore choose the incident angle of oblique incidence formula piezoelectric supersonic sensor.Extraction is apart from driving source 200mm and perpendicular to the amplitude of acceptance point on the straight line B-B line of weld seam, obtain respectively experimental result and simulation result comparison diagram that on no-welding-seam steel plate B-B line, the acceptance point amplitude changes, as shown in figure 19, and experimental result and the simulation result comparison diagram that on weld seam steel plate B-B line, the acceptance point amplitude changes arranged, as shown in figure 20.From experimental result and simulation result comparison diagram, this butt-weld lossless detection method based on ultrasonic Lamb wave is very effective;
Step 5): the defect that ultrasonic Lamb wave runs on weld seam can produce flaw echo, by the mistiming Δ t of the flaw echo waveform of excitation waveform and reception, and the group velocity v of welding line ultrasonic guided wave modal
g, can be in the hope of defect the distance apart from driving source, S=Δ t * v
g, defect is carried out to effective location.
Claims (1)
1. the butt-weld nondestructive detection system based on ultrasonic Lamb wave, it is characterized in that: this system comprises function generator (1), power amplifier (2), piezoelectric patches (3), oblique incidence formula piezoelectric supersonic sensor (4), oscillograph (5) and computing machine (6), two piezoelectric patches (3) symmetry is attached to the upper and lower surface of welding plate, and be placed on end of welding bead, oblique incidence formula piezoelectric supersonic sensor (4) is arranged on welding plate, the output terminal of function generator (1) connects respectively power amplifier (2) and oscillograph (5), the output terminal of power amplifier (2) is connected with piezoelectric patches (3), oblique incidence formula piezoelectric supersonic sensor (4) is connected with oscillograph (5), computing machine (6) is connected with oscillograph (5).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106908451A (en) * | 2017-03-05 | 2017-06-30 | 北京工业大学 | Metal plate defect localization method based on laser Lamb wave frequency wavenumber analysis |
| CN115560890A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2023-01-03 | 北京工业大学 | Steel strand prestress identification method based on ultrasonic guided wave energy leakage ratio |
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2013
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106908451A (en) * | 2017-03-05 | 2017-06-30 | 北京工业大学 | Metal plate defect localization method based on laser Lamb wave frequency wavenumber analysis |
| CN106908451B (en) * | 2017-03-05 | 2019-06-28 | 北京工业大学 | Metal plate defect localization method based on laser Lamb wave frequency-wavenumber analysis |
| CN115560890A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2023-01-03 | 北京工业大学 | Steel strand prestress identification method based on ultrasonic guided wave energy leakage ratio |
| CN115560890B (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2024-01-09 | 北京工业大学 | Steel strand prestress identification method based on ultrasonic guide wave energy leakage ratio |
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