CN203365229U - Large interface characteristic direct shear apparatus applying cyclic load - Google Patents
Large interface characteristic direct shear apparatus applying cyclic load Download PDFInfo
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- CN203365229U CN203365229U CN 201320416005 CN201320416005U CN203365229U CN 203365229 U CN203365229 U CN 203365229U CN 201320416005 CN201320416005 CN 201320416005 CN 201320416005 U CN201320416005 U CN 201320416005U CN 203365229 U CN203365229 U CN 203365229U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a large interface characteristic direct shear apparatus for applying a cyclic load. The large interface characteristic direct shear apparatus comprises a counter-force frame, a vertical load applying device, a vertical LVDT displacement sensor, a horizontal load applying device, a horizontal LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) displacement sensor, an upper shear box, a lower shear box, an upper shear box fixing support, a water bath, a loading plate, a bottom support flat plate, a control panel and control equipment. The large interface characteristic direct shear apparatus has two operation modes of an equal shear plane and a variable shear plane, can apply vertical forces in different frequencies and amplitudes to simulate a reinforced earth interface characteristic test as required in a test process, and can simulate various working conditions as the shear boxes have relatively complete sizes and functions, the data can be acquired and collated accurately and efficiently, and charts can be drawn and displayed accurately and efficiently.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of large-scale interfacial characteristics direct shear apparatus that applies cyclic load.
Background technology
In civil engineering work especially Geotechnical Engineering, usually run into earth structure, for example Reinforced Embankment, reinforced earth retaining wall structure, reinforced slope structure etc.And for example, in the water resources dam engineering, the surface of contact between concrete dam and the soil body is because the difference of bi-material has caused larger initial internal shear stress and displacement non-continuous event, therefore the weak link that the surface of contact position is dam engineering to have an accident.The thin spot of these engineering structures is the surface of contact of muscle material and the soil body, although the muscle material add the integral body binding character of having strengthened in a sense the soil body (sandy soil is particularly evident), but also destroyed the natural structure of inside soil body simultaneously, made the muscle soil contact face become the local failure point in structure.Therefore, muscle Soil Interface characteristic research becomes the hot issue in reinforced earth field.
At present, the test apparatus of association area expert and scholar's research muscle Soil Interface characteristic mostly concentrates on kind both at home and abroad: direct shear apparatus and drawing instrument.But it is less that the most direct shear apparatus mostly is size, can not meet the impact of desired boundary effect in Practical Project; Perhaps upper and lower shear box size equates, in shear history, shear surface changes, and must give certain correction in the calculating in later stage, can cause the validity of test figure and authenticity to reduce; Also have a lot of interface shearing instruments need to only comprise shear box, the down cut box is stiffener plate, the boundary strength that can cause like this geosynthetics opening part is the friction between soil particle and steel plate, rather than the real friction between particle and grid, and acquired results is low than truth.In addition, the interfacial characteristics research that current direct shear apparatus concentrates under the dead load effect mostly is upper, and less for the experimental study under dynamic load function, this has just related to the similarities and differences of load mode.Research direction based on roadbed dynamic response under seminar's action of traffic loading, autonomous Design has been researched and developed the large-scale direct shear apparatus that can apply the circulation dynamic loading, has met the scientific research needs and comparatively true and reliable test figure is provided.
Consult domestic and international pertinent literature known, domestic representational dynamic load cyclic test instrument has at present: the large-scale surface of contact circular loading shear apparatus that Tsing-Hua University's geotechnical study is developed, shear box is of a size of 250*250mm, and normal direction and tangential peak load are 200kN.At the shear box sidewall, the organic glass form is housed, and adopts digital photo technologies can omnidistance record the phenomenons such as thin sight state arrangement, particle long axis direction, the slip of particle ocular structure face, particle rotation and Particle Breakage of soil particle, be convenient to analyze; And can further determine that soil and structural member relative displacement are along the distribution of surface of contact and the thickness of surface of contact.In addition, the large scale structure face boxshear apparatus (SJW-200) of Tongji University's development can carry out the quiet dynamic test research of multiple material structure interface, by servo loading instrument energy in the vertical direction, applies simple cyclic load.The simple shear apparatus that the shear box of the developments such as Changjiang Academy of sciences is of a size of 600*600mm can carry out the interface friction characteristics research of inside soil body and geosynthetics.
Although the more traditional instrument of above-mentioned direct shear apparatus is more improved places, still can not meet the comparatively requirement of real simulation muscle Soil Interface rubbing characteristics in engineering reality.Have some problems: upper and lower shear box size is fixed (the measure-alike or different) contrast test of can not being correlated with; Use the hydraulic control system measuring accuracy not reach the scientific research requirement; The down cut box is the rigidity backing plate, and the soil body and the research of various geosynthetics rubbing characteristics are limited, and has reduced the scope of application of boxshear apparatus; Fail to apply vertical cyclic load and can not simulate the shearing friction characteristic of inside soil body under action of traffic loading; Other also have the automatization level of equipment not high.
The utility model content
The deficiency existed for prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to propose a kind of large-scale interfacial characteristics direct shear apparatus that applies cyclic load, be the large-scale direct shear apparatus of interface friction characteristics between a kind of novel research soil body and between geosynthetics-soil body or between geosynthetics, be applicable to waiting shear surface or becoming the shear surface test between the two arbitrarily; Especially can carry out in vertical and level to the interfacial characteristics experimental study under cyclic load, this equipment is the large-scale muscle material soil body interface friction characteristics research equipment of independent research design, not only can carry out the shear property test of the soil body self inside, and can carry out the experimental study of rubbing characteristics between the soil body and surface of contact (comprising concrete surface, other dissimilar soil body surface of contact, geosynthetics etc.).
For achieving the above object, the utility model adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of large-scale interfacial characteristics direct shear apparatus that applies cyclic load, comprise reaction frame, vertical load bringing device, vertical LVDT displacement transducer, horizontal loading bringing device, horizontal LVDT displacement transducer, upper shear box, down cut box, upper shear box fixed support, water bath, load plate, bottom supporting flat board, control panel and opertaing device device; Described reaction frame is fixed on the bottom supporting flat board, described vertical load bringing device and vertical LVDT displacement transducer are fixed on the reaction frame top, described upper shear box is fixed on the sidewall of reaction frame by upper shear box fixed support, on upper shear box, is furnished with load plate; Described down cut box is fixed in water bath, between described water bath and reaction frame, adopts the roller contact mode so that the free movement of down cut box; Described horizontal loading bringing device, horizontal LVDT displacement transducer are fixed on bottom, reaction frame right side, over against water bath; Described control panel is arranged on the reaction frame outside, and the opertaing device device connects vertical LVDT displacement transducer and horizontal LVDT displacement transducer by data line, carries out the acquisition and processing of data.
Described vertical load bringing device and horizontal loading bringing device form by servo loading equipment and auto lift, comprise fluid cavity, pressure control valve, fluid transfer tube, pressure axis and the firm piece of pressure transmission; Carry out the motion of controlled pressure axle by operation valve and fluid transfer tube, the firm piece of described pressure transmission is arranged on the pressure axis bottom, applies the cyclic load of different frequency and amplitude.
Described down cut box is longer than the length of upper shear box, shear box alignment on an end of described down cut box, and the other end has supporting stiffness bearer.
The subsidiary intermediate plate of described down cut box is used for fixing geosynthetics, and in shear history, geosynthetics slippage can not occur.
Described load plate is flat pressure transmission plate or trapezoid cross section pressure transmission plate.
Compared with prior art, the utlity model has following substantive distinguishing features and advantage:
(1). the down cut box is longer than upper shear box, the down cut box built-in with the identical stiffness bearer of high, the wide size of shear box, the size that can regulate the down cut box, wait the direct shear test of shear surface, also can be become the direct shear test of shear surface; The two can carry out contrast test, analyzes the impact of shear box size effect for muscle Soil Interface characteristic.
(2). load plate is divided into two kinds: a kind of is thinner flat pressure transmission plate, and another kind is thicker trapezoid cross section pressure transmission plate; The application of two kinds of different pressure transmission board sizes makes the shear box soil thickness to change flexibly, can simulate the interface friction characteristics of different depth reinforcement soil layer in Practical Project, and in analysis, overburden layer thickness is for the impact of Reinforced Material with Clay Engineering.
(3). the down cut box is placed in size and the identical water bath of down cut box, can be full of water or part water in case, simulate different water cut (saturated unsaturation) or different underground water table and go out the interfacial characteristics of reinforced earth Cen, the analysis of multianalysis water sensitivity soil reinforcement effects.
(4). the instrument right-hand member has integrated control panel, divide level and vertical two block operations panels, can carry out rapid adjustment to facilitate the assembling of soil sample to the normal direction load means of instrument, can carry out rapid adjustment to facilitate shear box it is adjusted to load means to the level of instrument, and the speed of regulating can be controlled voluntarily by the operator simultaneously.
(5). the vertical force bringing device, used U.S. MOOG servo loading equipment, auto lift to form mechanical operating part; Also assemble in addition vertical load sensor and vertical LVDT sensor and data acquisition circuit and formed the vertical force control gear, formed the closed-loop control of vertical force device by guidance panel and computer software.
(6). the horizontal shear force bringing device, used Mitsubishi's servomotor, automatic speed variator to form mechanical operating part; Also assemble in addition horizontal loading sensor and horizontal LVDT sensor and data acquisition system (DAS) and formed the vertical force control gear, formed the closed-loop control of vertical force device by guidance panel and computer software.
(7). the measurement of whole equipment load sensor and displacement transducer is completed by control module, completes the control of vertical load and vertical displacement, and completes in real time with the exchanges data of computer software, accept the instruction of computer software and complete relevant control.Computer data acquisition system adopts two kinds of different system of units, the engineering system of units and motor step numeral system, convenient storage and the record that accurately facilitates data of conversion between the two.Software has friendly operation interface, carries out in time collection and the record of data, real-time rendering be correlated with compression curve, shearing force and vertical force relation curve etc., and data will take binary recording mode to improve the treatment effeciency of mass data.
Two kinds of modes of operation of shear surface and change shear surface such as the large-scale interface of the utility model cyclic load direct shear apparatus has, focus on can applying as required in process of the test the test of muscle Soil Interface characteristic under the vertical force simulation loop load action of different frequency and amplitude, shear box size and function can be simulated the various working condition comparatively comprehensively, and the collection arrangement of data, the drafting of chart show can accomplish precise and high efficiency.This large-scale direct shear apparatus can be in vertical and level to the dynamic load that applies different loading frequencies and amplitude (comprising static load), but also can wait the function of shear surface and change shear surface direct shear test, the comparison test analysis of being correlated with.Sample shear area 500*500mm, consult domestic and international related specifications and show: the minimum dimension that " test of road soil geosynthetics " that " the geosynthetics test procedure " that Ministry of Water Resources promulgates and Ministry of Communications promulgate provided direct shear test is 300mm; The ASTM D5321 standard code that U.S. engineering materials association formulates the minimum specimen size of direct shear test be also 300mm.For this equipment, not only meet the dimensional requirement of related specifications to direct shear test, and can use larger sized sample, effectively reduce the test error that boundary effect is brought.The outside larger-size water bath in addition of down cut box, can study at the interface friction characteristics of the situation Imitating saturated sand of filling water in addition.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The front view of Fig. 1 the utility model example.
The vertical view of Fig. 2 the utility model example.
The normal direction servo-loading unit schematic diagram of Fig. 3 the utility model example.
The down cut box device schematic diagram of Fig. 4 the utility model example.
The guidance panel schematic diagram of Fig. 5 the utility model example.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present utility model is described further.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of large-scale interfacial characteristics direct shear apparatus that applies cyclic load, comprise reaction frame 1, vertical load bringing device 2, vertical LVDT displacement transducer 3, horizontal loading bringing device 4, horizontal LVDT displacement transducer 5, upper shear box 6, down cut box 7, upper shear box fixed support 8, water bath 9, load plate 10, bottom supporting flat board 11, control panel 12 and opertaing device device 13; Described reaction frame 1 is fixed on bottom supporting flat board 11, described vertical load bringing device 2 and vertical LVDT displacement transducer 3 are fixed on reaction frame 1 top, described upper shear box 6 is fixed on the sidewall of reaction frame 1 by upper shear box fixed support 8, on upper shear box 6, is furnished with load plate 10; Described down cut box 7 is fixed in water bath 9, between described water bath 9 and reaction frame 1, adopts roller contact so that the motion of down cut box 7; Described horizontal loading bringing device 4, horizontal LVDT displacement transducer 5 are fixed on reaction frame 1 bottom, right side, over against water bath 9; Described control panel 12 is arranged on reaction frame 1 outside, and opertaing device device 13 connects vertical LVDT displacement transducer 3 and horizontal LVDT displacement transducer 5 by data line, carries out the acquisition and processing of data.
As shown in Figure 3, main described vertical load bringing device 2 and horizontal loading bringing device 4 form by servo loading equipment and auto lift, comprise the firm piece 22 of fluid cavity 18, pressure control valve 19, fluid transfer tube 20, pressure axis 21 and pressure transmission, carry out the motion of controlled pressure axle 21 by operation valve 19 and fluid transfer tube 20, the firm piece 22 of described pressure transmission is arranged on pressure axis 21 bottoms, applies the cyclic load of different frequency and amplitude.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4, described down cut box 7 is longer than the length of upper shear box 6, shear box 6 alignment on an end of described down cut box 7, and the other end has supporting stiffness bearer 15.The subsidiary intermediate plate 14 of described down cut box 7 is used for fixing geosynthetics, and in shear history, geosynthetics slippage can not occur.
Direct shear test box of the present utility model adopts the not equidimension design of upper and lower box size, and add stiffness bearer 15 at down cut box 7 sidewalls and make upper and lower shear area equate, thus the Experimental Comparison analysis of be correlated with uniform cross section or unequal section.Main innovate point is vertical loading way, on top frame structure, the utility model adopts the MOOG servo-loading unit of imported from America, at the cyclic load that vertically applies different frequency and amplitude, be furnished with vertical load sensor and vertical LVDT displacement transducer simultaneously; Be provided with the horizontal shear force loading device on the right side of framed structure, be provided with servomotor in this device and apply horizontal loading, be furnished with horizontal direction load sensor and horizontal LVDT displacement transducer simultaneously.This large-scale direct shear apparatus comprises shear box 6, down cut box 7 and load plate 10, the upper and lower shear box another side down cut box 7 that aligns on one side is larger, the inboard kissing merging of the periphery of load plate 10 and upper shear box 6 leaves certain gap, can not produce metal platen and the 6 sidewalls generation frictions of upper shear box when guaranteeing to apply vertical pressure, in the utility model, load plate 10 is divided into two kinds, a kind of is thinner flat pressure transmission plate, another kind is thicker trapezoid cross section pressure transmission plate, the employing of different-thickness load plate 10 makes different-thickness soil layer in test become possibility, study the impact of different overlying soils for muscle Soil Interface characteristic, in the down cut box, 7 can place stiffness bearer 15, carry out the interface friction characteristics test between the soil body and geosynthetics.
Wherein, described upper shear box 6 is of a size of 500mm*500mm*150mm.
Wherein, described down cut box 7 is of a size of 600mm*500mm*150mm; Down cut box 7 increases by one along shear direction and is of a size of 100mm*500mm*150mm;
Wherein, stiffness bearer 15 can be placed in described down cut box 7 inside, and the periphery of stiffness bearer 15 and down cut box 7 inboards match, and surface size is 100mm*500mm, and downside is that the rigidity bar is with support plate.
Claims (5)
1. a large-scale interfacial characteristics direct shear apparatus that applies cyclic load, it is characterized in that, comprise reaction frame (1), vertical load bringing device (2), vertical LVDT displacement transducer (3), horizontal loading bringing device (4), horizontal LVDT displacement transducer (5), upper shear box (6), down cut box (7), upper shear box fixed support (8), water bath (9), load plate (10), bottom supporting dull and stereotyped (11), control panel (12) and opertaing device device (13); Described reaction frame (1) is fixed on bottom supporting flat board (11), described vertical load bringing device (2) and vertical LVDT displacement transducer (3) are fixed on reaction frame (1) top, described upper shear box (6) is fixed on the sidewall of reaction frame (1) by upper shear box fixed support (8), is furnished with load plate (10) on upper shear box (6); Described down cut box (7) is fixed in water bath (9), between described water bath (9) and reaction frame (1), adopts roller contact so that the motion of down cut box (7); Described horizontal loading bringing device (4), horizontal LVDT displacement transducer (5) are fixed on bottom, reaction frame (1) right side, over against water bath (9); Described control panel (12) is arranged on reaction frame (1) outside, and opertaing device device (13) connects vertical LVDT displacement transducer (3) and horizontal LVDT displacement transducer (5) by data line, carries out the acquisition and processing of data.
2. the large-scale interfacial characteristics direct shear apparatus that applies cyclic load according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described vertical load bringing device (2) and horizontal loading bringing device (4) form by servo loading equipment and auto lift, comprise fluid cavity (18), pressure control valve (19), fluid transfer tube (20), pressure axis (21) and the firm piece of pressure transmission (22), carry out the motion of controlled pressure axle (21) by operation valve (19) and fluid transfer tube (20), the firm piece of described pressure transmission (22) is arranged on pressure axis (21) bottom, apply the cyclic load of different frequency and amplitude.
3. the large-scale interfacial characteristics direct shear apparatus that applies cyclic load according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described down cut box (7) is longer than the length of upper shear box (6), shear box (6) alignment on one end of described down cut box (7), the other end has supporting stiffness bearer (15).
4. the large-scale interfacial characteristics direct shear apparatus that applies cyclic load according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the subsidiary intermediate plate (14) of described down cut box (7) is used for fixing geosynthetics, and in shear history, geosynthetics slippage can not occur.
5. the large-scale interfacial characteristics direct shear apparatus that applies cyclic load according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described load plate (10) is flat pressure transmission plate or trapezoid cross section pressure transmission plate.
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