CN203320495U - Fish lock - Google Patents
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- CN203320495U CN203320495U CN2013200358347U CN201320035834U CN203320495U CN 203320495 U CN203320495 U CN 203320495U CN 2013200358347 U CN2013200358347 U CN 2013200358347U CN 201320035834 U CN201320035834 U CN 201320035834U CN 203320495 U CN203320495 U CN 203320495U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
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Abstract
The utility model provides a fish lock which comprises a lock head segment, a fish pond segment and a fishway segment and is provided with an upstream gate and a downstream gate, wherein the upstream gate is arranged at the upstream end of the lock head segment and named as fish outlet gate; the downstream gate is arranged at the downstream end of the fish pond segment or on the fishway segment and named as fish inlet gate. As the overwater clearance volume of the fish lock is small, the water inrush quantity for fish to pass through the fish lock is small, the utilization ratio of water is high and less waste is caused. Meanwhile, fish can pass through the fish lock within a short time, and the switching of working conditions is fast.
Description
Technical field
Fish lock is the critical facility of ecological environment hydraulic engineering.The utility model is a kind of novel building of fish and water work excessively, can realize high water head, large capacity, the quick and efficient function of crossing fish.By reasonable Arrangement, also can realize crossing continuously the function of fish.
Background technology
The barrage interception river of hydraulic engineering, the continuity in change river, block the fish migration passage, affects the natural reproduction law of fish, and its solution is to increase fish pass structure in water conservancy structure.At present, fish pass structure is mainly fish pass, and hydraulic engineering often adopts the ramp type fish pass, and fish pass is applicable to the low water head hydraulic engineering, and fish pass is longer, and engineering quantity is large.The fish pass head mostly is 1.5～3.0m, and length is 50～120m, than reducing to the 1:50 left and right, is arranged in bank slope more, and scale is less.Yet the fish pass structure that fish is affected to large big-and-middle-sized hydraulic engineering is less, particularly the high water head fish pass structure lacks more.High water head fish pass structure difficulty is set larger, adopts common fish pass, building be furnished with difficulty.For example the fish pass of 30m head, by arranging than falling 1:50, need to arrange the fish pass of 1500m, adds the reservoir level vary within wide limits, and general fish pass is difficult to adapt to.Therefore, the high water head fish pass structure is a large problem of puzzlement hydraulic engineering construction always.
The utility model content
The utility model provides a kind of novel fish lock, can solve preferably the problem that big-and-middle-sized hydraulic engineering fish pass structure is not enough and exist.
A kind of fish lock is characterized in that: this fish lock is comprised of lock head section, fishpond section and fish pass section, and is provided with upstream gate and lower gate twice gate, and the upstream gate locating, at lock head section upstream extremity, is called fish lock; Lower gate is arranged on fishpond section downstream or fish pass section, is called into fish lock.
Between the twice gate, adopt vertical shaft and tunnel structure combination to arrange.
The lock head section is the vertical shaft type structure.
The upstream gate is arranged in fish outlet position, upstream, and layered arrangement is porous gate or stop log gate from high to low.
Lower gate is between fishpond downstream end and fish pass downstream end, and the above fish pass of lower gate is tunnel formula structure.
The fishpond section, widening near lock head section one lateral sides, to deepening below the water surface, forms expansion chamber under water, so that poly-fish.
It is tunnel formula structure that the fish pass section is positioned at the above part of lower gate, is positioned at the following part of lower gate for satisfying hole formula or open tunnel type structure; The fish pass section was water channel road or tunnel.
The fishpond section can be arranged to single chamber, two chamber or multicell; Fish lock can be arranged, also can independently arrange together with common water retaining structure.
(1) fish lock operating principle:
The waterfall type fish lock forms by three sections: lock head section, fishpond section (or being called poly-fish chamber) and fish pass section.On lock head section upstream arrangement, hole, bottom gate, can set up middle gate hole in case of necessity.Fishpond is an expansion pond.Fish pass is arranged to the slope water channel according to the habit of straddling fish stocks, or natural imitation streamflow characteristic, different from general artificial fish pass, and dividing plate is not set, and the fish pass downstream is arranged miter gate, also can be arranged in the fish pass upstream extremity and arrange gate.Fish advance the lock operating mode: fish pass downstream miter gate standard-sized sheet, and on lock head, gate hole is partly opened, and reservoir water stream injects lock chamber, form small-sized waterfall, and play the attracting effect, current produce certain flow rate at fish pass, make migration fishes sense current, entered the fishpond of fish lock along fish pass.Because waterfall has very strong oxygenation effect, suitable fish are gathered in fishpond.Fish lockage operating mode: migration fishes gather to a certain degree in fishpond, just can start the lockage program, at first close the miter gate in fish pass downstream, current are full of lock chamber gradually, until the lock chamber water level is with after reservoir flushes, open upper gate hole, the bottom gate of lock head, fish can enter upper pond smoothly, complete fish lockage process.Recover operating mode: after the fish lockage, close upper gate hole, the bottom gate of lock head, open the miter gate in fish pass downstream, draining, make the lock chamber drawdown to the water level that advances the lock operating mode, then open hole lock on lock head, forms water filling waterfall, returns to fish and advance the lock operating mode.
Two chambers pattern is that two poly-fish chambers are set, and as shown in Figure 3, adopts two chambers pattern can realize crossing continuously fish.Miter gate is arranged in two poly-fish chamber ends, and lock head is arranged the same.When closing poly-fish two Room end miter gate, poly-fish one Room end miter gate keeps opening wide, continue into fish, and after water is filled with in poly-fish two Room, poly-fish two Room lock head gate openings, poly-fish two Room fish enter reservoir.Until poly-fish two Room, recover after the fish state, the end miter gate is closed in poly-fish one Room, starts fish lockage program.Poly-fish one, two Room crop rotations realize the continuous fish mechanism of crossing.
The characteristics of waterfall type fish lock are: 1. because the above headroom volume of the fish lock water surface is little, the required filled water amount of fish lockage is little, and water yield utilization rate is high, and waste is few.Simultaneously, fish lockage required time is short, and change working is quick.2. fish, advance under the lock operating mode, required normality flow is little, and the abundant simulating nature streamflow of fish pass state adds attracting and the reoxygenation effect of waterfall, make fish can be smoothly by fish pass and be gathered in fishpond, the validity of waterfall type fish lock is remarkable.3. the waterfall type fish lock can be arranged in the guide wall between sluice and powerhouse of hydropower station or, in the guide wall between overfall dam and non-overflow dam, can take into account the water conservancy diversion needs.Simultaneously, more general fish pass engineering, the fish pass of waterfall type fish lock is short, and engineering quantity is little.4. the waterfall type fish lock is easy to operate, and the fish lockage time is short, and institute's water requirement is few, is convenient to management, does not affect other water conservancy benefits.5. the restrictive condition that the waterfall type fish lock arranges is few, is not subject to the reservoir level variable effect, adapts to especially the high water head hydraulic engineering, flexible arrangement, and wide adaptability can be applied in all kinds of hydraulic engineerings.
(2) waterfall type fish lock method for designing
1. design discharge
Waterfall type fish lock design discharge will adapt to the fish requirement, i.e. the requirement of the compliance to flow velocity of fish, and the feature flow velocity that fish adapt to comprises induction flow velocity v
1, preference flow velocity and limit velocity v
2.Fish pass mainly adopts the nature stream channel pattern, or the simulating nature river course, also can adopt in case of necessity general artificial fish pass Design Mode.While adopting the nature stream channel pattern, the design current velocity of fish pass should be greater than the induction flow velocity of fish, is less than the limit velocity of fish, is preferably the preference flow velocity of fish.When the fish pass width with than falling one regularly, its design discharge should meet the requirement of the compliance to flow velocity of fish.Due under even fluidised form, the fish pass flow velocity approaches maximum value, therefore, at first presses uniform-flow formula and preference flow velocity v during design
cThe estimation design discharge, by formula
Calculate fish pass depth of water h
cWith discharge area A
c, calculated flow rate then:
Q
c=v
cA
c (2)
V in formula
cFor the preference flow velocity; C is for thanking to just coefficient; R is hydraulic radius; h
cFor the fish pass design head; A
cFor fish pass designs discharge area; Q
cFor estimated flow.
With estimated flow Q
cFor design discharge, downstream for many years average low water level start at water level for design, by calculating the water surface curve of fish pass, check the flow velocity of each section of fish pass.If each cross-sectional flow of fish pass all meets the requirement of the compliance to flow velocity of fish, the design discharge of estimation is reasonable.Otherwise need adjusted design flow or fish pass size until meet the requirement of the compliance to flow velocity of fish.In addition, design discharge will be considered the situation of river course natural water flow, take into account the requirement of other emerging sharp targets of reservoir, and water withdrawal should be controlled at acceptable scope, does not affect the benefit of hydraulic engineering as far as possible, and adjusts and determined the scale of fish lock with this.When the level of tail water is higher, fish pass may be in pressure condition is arranged, and operating flux now can be by preference flow velocity v
cWith the fish pass section determination.
Design discharge under design conditions has been stipulated scale and the size of waterfall type fish lock, in running, also needs to determine the operating flux under each operating mode, guarantees the validity of fish lock.
2. cross the fish lock layout design
A. elevation arrangement
Waterfall type fish lock lock head Duan Shangkong floor elevation flushes with dead water level or is lower slightly.If establish mesopore, the mesopore floor elevation flushes with dead water level or is lower slightly.Layout of bottom hole is between dead water level and tank silt elevation, and at the bottom of bottom outlet, elevation is a little more than the tank silt elevation.The fishpond water level will be lower than more than dead water level 1.5m, in order to form water filling waterfall.The fishpond base plate is lower than fish pass upstream section base plate 1.5m～2.5m.Fish pass downstream floor elevation should be lower than the low water level of downstream river course.
B. gate is arranged
Lock head is arranged two holes and above bulkhgead gate, in, upper gate hole plays the water filling effect.If establish a gate hole, need to arrange the side arrangement water injection hole.
The fish pass gate is arranged and can be arranged in any position of fish pass, is arranged in downstream, and the fish that can guarantee to enter fish pass is lockage smoothly all, but the larger water injection rate of needs; Be arranged in the fish pass upstream extremity, can affect the lockage of part fish, and required water injection rate can reduce.The fish pass gate can adopt conventional gate form, and miter gate convenient operation and control.
C. crossing the fish lock size drafts
The fish pass width can be with reference to natural streamflow characteristic, primary election 5～10m, and fishpond can suitably be widened.The lock head section is arranged and the water filling needs according to gate, is suitably widened layout.Fishpond length is greater than the fishpond width, can suitably lengthen according to river course fish amount size.
The fish pass size mainly contains width, length and roughness, can the simulating nature river course than falling, as considered that structure connects, need, and can suitably adjust.Three parameters mainly coordinate the needs of flow velocity and the depth of water.Front has been discussed and has been crossed the fish lock design discharge: according to river course natural water flow situation, according to do not affect the principle of effectiveness of hydraulic engineering as far as possible, tentatively draft design discharge, appropriately adjust in conjunction with result of calculation.
Flow velocity requires: be generally 0.2m/s～0.8m/s, actual engineering design also can adopt the related tests achievement.
The depth of water: 0.3m～1.2m, can determine with reference to the river shoal depth of water.
At flow velocity, the depth of water, width just under stable condition,, according to fishpond water level and downstream average low water level for many years, determine that the fish pass ratio falls and length.Calculate by waterpower, adjust fish pass than falling with length to adapt to the requirement of flow, flow velocity, the depth of water.
The fish pass roughness will approach with natural river course, can and decide than falling according to the depth of water, the flow velocity in Guo Yu shoal, natural river course.If the fish pass width is B
c, the depth of water is h
c, flow velocity is v
c, than reducing to i
c, by formula (1), fish pass design roughness is
R in formula
cFor corresponding hydraulic radius,
Corresponding design roughness, the roughness of fish pass is determined by following formula.
The roughness estimation equation of smooth canal bed is: n=0.0166d
1/6(4)
In formula, d is the bed load diameter, mm.
Open channel friction factor of head loss design formulas is:
By formula (6), obtained:
In formula, Δ is roughness, m; R is hydraulic radius, m.
Can be in the hope of the roughness Δ of fish pass by equation (7), (4) can be in the hope of the bed load diameter of fish pass, as a reference.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that fish advance the lock schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that fish cross the fish lock schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that two chamber is crossed the fish lock layout plan.
The specific embodiment
(1) embodiment
For improving northern river ecology, you set up fish lock at certain key water control project, crossed fish lock and were arranged in right bank overfall dam and earth dam intersection, and fish pass is arranged along the right bank water channel.Crest elevation 34.8m, maximum height of dam 30.8m, normal pool level 24.00m, minimum operation water level 18.00m, the downstream river course mean water is 8.0m.
Consider certain key water control project dam site average annual flow 1100m
3/ s, for not affecting generating and ship lock water needs, tentatively selected the fish lock design discharge and be no more than 3m
3/ s left and right.Adopt two chamber to cross fish lock, the concrete layout seen Fig. 3.
With reference to the master data in natural river course, preliminary design fish pass width is B
c=6.1m, the depth of water are h
c=0.8m, flow velocity are v
c=0.38m/s, than reducing to i
c=1/3000, design roughness n=0.035, calculate roughness Δ=235mm according to formula (7), according to formula (4), calculates bed load diameter d=88mm, and design discharge is 1.88m
3/ s.
Single poly-fish chamber width 7.2m, the following headroom area of ordinary water level 108m
2, maximum filled water amount is 778m
3, by the design discharge water-filling, maximum takes 6.9min.By the same traffic draining, required time is 6.9min, adds fish required time 10min, completes the whole fish program of crossing and takes 23.78min.The poly-fish chamber crop rotation in left and right, can cross fish continuously.
(2) arrangement commonly used
1. scheme one, adopts single fishpond, provided upstream two hole locks, twice gate, and lower gate is arranged on the fishpond downstream end, and fish pass is for satisfying the hole structure.
2. scheme two, adopt single fishpond, provided upstream two hole locks, twice gate, and lower gate is arranged on the fish pass downstream end, and fish pass is for satisfying the hole structure.
3. scheme three, adopt the Pisces pond, provided upstream two hole locks, twice gate, and lower gate is arranged on the fishpond downstream end, and fish pass is for satisfying the hole structure.
4. scheme four, adopt the Pisces pond, provided upstream two hole locks, twice gate, and lower gate is arranged on the fishpond downstream end, and fish pass is the open channel structure.
5. scheme five, adopt the Pisces pond, provided upstream one hole lock, one stop log gate, and lower gate is arranged on the fishpond downstream end, and fish pass is for satisfying the hole structure.
Innovation:
The high water head facilities for fish's passage is the difficult problem in big-and-middle-sized hydraulic engineering construction always, solves the design problem of high water head fish pass structure, is conducive to improve the Ecology protective condition of big-and-middle-sized hydraulic engineering, promotes the development of ecological water conservancy." waterfall type fish lock " operation mechanism is simple, effective, and fish lock operation institute water requirement is little excessively, the time is short." waterfall type fish lock " Design Mode novelty, be the innovative design of fish pass structure, and ecological water development is had the certain significance, and its main innovation has:
(1) waterfall, fishpond are set." waterfall type fish lock " arranges attracting waterfall and fishpond, simultaneously by the flow control in fish pass within the induction flow velocity and limit velocity of fish, approach the preference flow velocity of fish, can effectively guide fish and enter fishpond, broad fishpond can hold more fish amount.
(2) adopt vertical shaft and satisfy the hole textural association.Effectively reduce the unnecessary above headroom volume of the water surface, to reduce the water supply volume of fish lock, shorten lockage time." waterfall type fish lock " arrangement convenience, restrictive condition are few, do not affect the general arrangement of key water control project building.(3) fish pass designs abundant simulating nature river course, and its ecological effect is better, does not need various facilities and the member of general artificial fish pass, can be designed to large-scale fish pass structure.
(4) the utilization system of fishpond and gate thereof rationally is set.By the layout in Pisces pond, the utilization system of reasonable arrangement gate, two fishponds are moved according to crop rotation, realize the continuous fish excessively of fish lock.
(5) the upstream gate adopts porous or stop log gate.Enable to adapt to reservoir level and change, rationally regulate water injection intensity and mode, realize the effect of best attracting.
Claims (8)
1. a fish lock, it is characterized in that: this fish lock is comprised of lock head section, fishpond section and fish pass section, and is provided with upstream gate and lower gate twice gate, and the upstream gate locating, at lock head section upstream extremity, is called fish lock; Lower gate is arranged on fishpond section downstream or fish pass section, is called into fish lock.
2. fish lock as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that adopting vertical shaft and tunnel structure combination to arrange between the twice gate.
3. fish lock as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the lock head section is the vertical shaft type structure.
4. fish lock as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the upstream gate is arranged in fish outlet position, upstream, and layered arrangement is porous gate or stop log gate from high to low.
5. fish lock as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that lower gate is between fishpond downstream end and fish pass downstream end, and the above fish pass of lower gate is tunnel formula structure.
6. fish lock as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the fishpond section, widening near lock head section one lateral sides, to deepening below the water surface, forms expansion chamber under water, so that poly-fish.
7. fish lock as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that it is tunnel formula structure that the fish pass section is positioned at the above part of lower gate, is positioned at the following part of lower gate for satisfying hole formula or open tunnel type structure; The fish pass section was water channel road or tunnel.
8. fish lock as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the fishpond section can be arranged to single chamber, two chamber or multicell; Fish lock can be arranged, also can independently arrange together with common water retaining structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013200358347U CN203320495U (en) | 2013-01-23 | 2013-01-23 | Fish lock |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013200358347U CN203320495U (en) | 2013-01-23 | 2013-01-23 | Fish lock |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN203320495U true CN203320495U (en) | 2013-12-04 |
Family
ID=49659861
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013200358347U Expired - Fee Related CN203320495U (en) | 2013-01-23 | 2013-01-23 | Fish lock |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN203320495U (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104314055A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2015-01-28 | 南昌大学 | Water pressure type floating plate fish passage |
| CN105603943A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-05-25 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Tunnel type nature fishway imitated fish-barring lifting device and method |
| CN105735210A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-07-06 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Comprehensive arrangement of combining tunnel-type nature-like fishway with fish lock and application method thereof |
| CN108118667A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-06-05 | 三峡大学 | A kind of imitative natural style slope fish pass and into fish method |
| CN108570973A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-25 | 四川大学 | A kind of slot type fish gathering cup adapting to high-head dam different water depth luffing |
| CN109312551A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-02-05 | 鱼心公司 | Migration fish pass device |
| CN111155497A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-15 | 四川大学 | Device for assisting fish migration |
-
2013
- 2013-01-23 CN CN2013200358347U patent/CN203320495U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104314055A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2015-01-28 | 南昌大学 | Water pressure type floating plate fish passage |
| CN105603943A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-05-25 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Tunnel type nature fishway imitated fish-barring lifting device and method |
| CN105735210A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-07-06 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Comprehensive arrangement of combining tunnel-type nature-like fishway with fish lock and application method thereof |
| CN105603943B (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-11-07 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | What tunnel formula imitated nature fish pass blocks fish lifting means and method |
| CN105735210B (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2019-02-05 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Tunnel formula imitates the arragement construction and its application method of nature fish pass combination fish lock |
| CN109312551A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-02-05 | 鱼心公司 | Migration fish pass device |
| CN108118667A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-06-05 | 三峡大学 | A kind of imitative natural style slope fish pass and into fish method |
| CN108118667B (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2023-05-02 | 三峡大学 | Natural slope-like fishway and fish feeding method |
| CN108570973A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-25 | 四川大学 | A kind of slot type fish gathering cup adapting to high-head dam different water depth luffing |
| CN108570973B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2021-03-02 | 四川大学 | Groove type fish collecting front chamber suitable for different water depth amplitude of high-water-head dam |
| CN111155497A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-15 | 四川大学 | Device for assisting fish migration |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20131204 Termination date: 20170123 |