CN204959707U - Ecological fishway of multiple -step type - Google Patents
Ecological fishway of multiple -step type Download PDFInfo
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- CN204959707U CN204959707U CN201520533737.XU CN201520533737U CN204959707U CN 204959707 U CN204959707 U CN 204959707U CN 201520533737 U CN201520533737 U CN 201520533737U CN 204959707 U CN204959707 U CN 204959707U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an ecological fishway of multiple -step type, including a plurality of grades of fishway units, relate to fish pass structure and hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering ecosphere. The utility model discloses the appearance of fishway is ascending " Z " font structure, and the main part includes fishway actuating system, fishway energy dissipation system and attracting system, the interior class speed adjusting festival valve of establishing can be according to required flow in different migratory fish adjustment in the season fishways, the fish wide range that is suitable for, the setting of spur dike can step forward improves the rivers flow state in the fishway, provides the place of temporary transient rest simultaneously for fish, be equipped with artificial bed ripples and attracting pasture and water on the fishway bottom plate, the state of reduction natural river course that can be better. The utility model discloses a marine structure of high water head during the fishway can be applicable to, area is little, and the practicality is strong, has remedied the not enough of traditional fishway, is favorable to natural fisheries resources's protection.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of multi-stag ecological fishway.
Background technology
Along with the development in an all-round way of China's economic society, people recognize that hydroelectric generation also can produce negative impact to fish while bringing economic benefit gradually, dam has blocked the passage that fish migration is laid eggs, and the fish that causing much sails against the current lays eggs are hit dam and die.In order to protect natural fishery resources, the continuity ensureing aquatic ecosystem and diversity, the main reclamation activities taked at present builds fish pass in water power hydraulic engineering, helps fish migration.
Fish pass, as the one of fish pass structure, is for the artifical flume of fish by lock, dam when fish migration.Its formation and development represents people affect the attention degree of aquatic environment raising on river engineering, its effect is except betterment works is to except the adverse effect of fish, many fish are more made to avoid extinction, ensure biological continuity and diversity, there is important ecological significance, economic implications and engineering significance.But owing to lacking the structure of fish pass, flow-shape and the habit of straddling fish stocks and understanding in depth of behavior, result in most of fish pass and have larger defect with keeping in the growth course of passageway fish muscle power and continuity passageway fish in attracting effect, simultaneously, China's freshwater fish Burden-Swimming Ability of KM is general more weak, and domestic newly-built water conservancy and hydropower project mostly is high dam engineering, fish pass is longitudinally arranged longer, and fish trace back difficulty.The impact of Dam Construction on river ecosystem is also more and more serious, middle and high head key water control project up fish pass structure fish pass is subject to the impact of upper pond level and flow when running, flow velocity, fluidised form are all unstable, traditional fish pass is generally only suitable for the low water head key water control project of height of dam at 20 ~ below 25m, and fish is traced back in process and needs to expend very macro-energy.Although the fish pass structure such as fish lock, fish lift has applied to middle and high head key water control project, but due to the method for operation of fish lock and fish lift and natural migration mode difference too large, attracting effect is unsatisfactory, still be difficult to meet the requirement that high dam crosses fish, in the urgent need to a kind of novel fish pass that can be applicable to high dam, make up the mankind and build the survival effect that barrage building causes straddling fish stocks.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is the deficiency that can only be applicable to little head hydraulic structure in order to make up traditional fish pass; a kind of multi-stag ecological fishway is provided; make fish pass can be applicable to the hydraulic structure of middle high water head; both straddling fish stocks can have been assisted to cross dam in time, improve fish pass cross fish effect, protection natural fishery resources, the continuity ensureing aquatic ecosystem and diversity, fish pass length can be shortened again, reduce the impact that fish trace back physical consumption in process, reduce requirement on fish gram stream ability and vertical jump in succession ability, avoid fish gonad development.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Multi-stag ecological fishway of the present utility model, comprises the fish pass unit of the stepped distribution of some levels, fish pass drive system, fish pass energy-dissipating system and attracting monitoring system.
Described fish pass unit comprises upstream side lagging, arch chamber, downstream lagging, fish pass base plate, shunting base plate, diffluence room, fish pass limit wall, groynes.The left and right two ends of upstream side lagging, downstream lagging, fish pass base plate, shunting base plate are fixedly connected on the wall of fish pass limit respectively, upstream side lagging lower vertical is fixed on the shunting base plate rear end of level, be connected with the shunting base plate front end of adjacent upper level fish pass unit in the middle part of upstream side lagging, upstream side lagging top is connected with the fish pass base plate front end of upper level fish pass unit; Downstream lagging is connected with fish pass base plate is vertical respectively.Described arch chamber is enclosed by the convex arc of the arc concave surface of upstream side lagging, downstream lagging, fish pass base plate and fish pass limit wall and forms, and arch chamber is between upstream side lagging, downstream lagging.
For step falls bank above fish pass base plate, be diffluence room below fish pass base plate, diffluence room encloses form by shunting base plate, fish pass base plate, downstream lagging and upstream side lagging.Fish pass limit wall is positioned at the left and right sides of fish pass.Groynes is put along fish pass limit wall cloth, and the setting of groynes can dispersing water flow, and dissipation flow energy, for fish provide timeout district, is more conducive to the backtracking of fish.
Described fish pass drive system comprises gate and hoist, and described gate pumps under the driving of hoist in arch chamber, and described hoist is fixed on to be shunted on base plate and is connected to gate bottom.
The gate that described fish pass energy-dissipating system comprises two bypass pipe, downstream lagging, groynes, artificial bed ripples and is kept in motion.Described pair of bypass pipe tilts 30 ° ~ 45 ° outside the wall of fish pass limit, connects adjacent diffluence room and step falls bank.It is three right that described groynes has, first pair of groynes is positioned at fish pass unit downstream import department, along becoming 180 ° to arrange with main stem water (flow) direction, second pair of groynes is positioned at every grade of fish pass unit apart from unit downstream import 1/4 length place, along becoming 120 ° to arrange with main stem water (flow) direction, 3rd pair of groynes is positioned at every grade of fish pass unit apart from unit downstream import 3/4 length place, along becoming 135 ° to arrange with main stem water (flow) direction.Described artificial bed ripples is arranged on fish pass base plate, is made up of the wavy yarn line be fixed on fish pass base plate, and bottom simulation natural river course, rubble is protruding, can increase fish pass base plate roughness, strengthens effect of energy dissipation.
Described attracting monitoring system comprises fishing lamp, pressure water pipe and attracting platform, described attracting platform is arranged on most downstream, be connected with natural water behind dam, described fishing lamp is placed in the position of attracting platform oblique upper higher than the water surface, the water inlet of described pressure water pipe is positioned at upper level fish pass unit diffluence room, water in diffluence room is guided to pressure water pipe, pressure water pipe delivery port is positioned at attracting platform both sides, from the diversion of upper level fish pass unit diffluence room to pressure water pipe, pressure water pipe forms ejection current under the effect of upstream and downstream head difference, cause the low underwater sound, play attracting effect.
Described downstream lagging is convex arc near gate side; opposite side is section overflow weir, and downstream lagging adopts section overflow weir, makes current more smooth-going; avoid the oversaturated generation of current dissolved oxygen in fish pass, the physiological health of protection straddling fish stocks simultaneously.
Multi-stag ecological fishway of the present utility model also comprises flow rate regulating valve, hoist and computer, it is inner that described flow rate regulating valve is arranged on upstream side lagging, described hoist is positioned at each gate bottom, and described computer connects flow rate regulating valve and hoist by data wire.
As preferably, fish pass unit comprises Ecology river system, described Ecology river system comprises artificial bed ripples and attracting pasture and water, artificial bed ripples and attracting pasture and water are arranged on fish pass base plate respectively, artificial bed ripples is yellow, make fish pass more close with natural stream channel, bottom artificial bed ripples simulation natural river course, rubble is protruding, and Ecology river is effective.
As preferably, gate is domes, and the major part of load reaches fish pass limit wall by arching action, keeps the stability that gate moves up and down.
As preferably, multi-stag ecological fishway, in " Z " spiral, can save floor space widely; Arc bend is selected at fish pass turning, can reduce current and turn the change of flow state that causes to the impact of fish.
As preferably; described upstream side lagging is central hollow, both sides lattice-shaped relative to the same fish pass unit part be positioned on fish pass base plate; the part be positioned under fish pass base plate is central hollow; the side of close hoist is the arc concave surface of lattice-shaped, opposite side is real plane; flow rate regulating valve is equipped with in inside; the timely shunt regulating of flow can be realized, inner flow rate regulating valve and the grid of both sides make to flow through upstream side lagging current evenly, be conducive to the stability protecting gate.
As preferably, described fish pass limit wall shape is circular arc, and current can be made more smooth-going, is conducive to reducing the physical consumption in fish migration process.
In the utility model, described shunting base plate is connected with adjacent two upstream side laggings and fixes as a whole, and shunting base plate is equipped with abatvoix; The upstream side lagging of described fish pass base plate and downstream lagging and next stage fish pass unit is vertical to be fixedly connected, and is laid with yellow artificial ripple, lays attracting pasture and water bottom fish pass base plate bottom fish pass base plate.
In the utility model, diffluence room is positioned at immediately below fish pass base plate, be made up of a part for shunting base plate, fish pass base plate, downstream lagging, upstream side lagging and fish pass limit wall, the two bypass pipes being provided with between bank and communicating fall with the step of next stage fish pass unit in diffluence room; The bypass pipe water inlet of described pair of bypass pipe is positioned at diffluence room, for straight pipe import, the step that the bypass pipe delivery port of two bypass pipe is positioned at next stage fish pass unit falls bank, for bend delivery port, two bypass pipe bend outlet can form circulation in pond, make fish pass more close with natural stream channel, Ecology river is effective.
Multi-stag ecological fishway of the present utility model can form provisional pond gradually in running, heading up, slows down flow velocity, and auxiliary fish are up.
Multi-stag ecological fishway of the present utility model, has following beneficial effect:
(1) the multiple drive power mode in the utility model realizes the continuous of fish pass and crosses fish, shortened the fish time, reduce physical consumption, ensure fish safety, especially poor to physique or that physical consumption is excessive fish have positive protective effect, for the migration of fish subsequent upstream saves muscle power, have no adverse effects to gonad development, laying eggs for high-quality provides guarantee;
(2) the unique fish pass block construction setting in the utility model, makes fish pass in running, form pond gradually, forms the suitable fluidised form of similar natural river and hydrodynamic condition, thus auxiliary fish realizes tracing back;
(3) the fish pass base plate in the utility model is laid with yellow synthetic's bed ripples, attracting pasture and water, and two bypass pipe bend outlet can form circulation in pond, and make fish pass more close with natural stream channel, Ecology river is effective;
(4) the special setting of the upstream side lagging in the utility model, can realize the timely shunt regulating of flow, inner flow rate regulating valve and the grid of both sides make to flow through upstream side lagging current evenly, be conducive to the stability protecting gate;
(5) the utility model can be applicable to middle and high head Large Hydro-Junction engineering and cross fish, compensate for existing fish pass and can only be applicable to the shortcoming that low water head crosses fish, dramatically reduce the mankind and build the survival effect that barrage building causes straddling fish stocks, can according to landform, landforms flexible arrangement, floor space is little, can be adjusted the degree of depth in certain section or certain grade pond by hoist.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is overall structure schematic diagram of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is fish pass block construction figure
Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 2;
In figure: 1, encircle chamber, 2, gate, 3, downstream lagging, 4, attracting pasture and water, 5, fish pass base plate, 6, artificial bed ripples, 7, attracting platform, 8, shunting base plate, 9, abatvoix, 10, diffluence room, 11, bypass pipe delivery port, 12, two bypass pipe, 13, bypass pipe water inlet, 14, upstream side lagging, 15, flow rate regulating valve, 16, hoist, 17, pressure water pipe, 18, computer, 19, upstream fish pass mouth, 20, fish pass limit wall, 21, groynes, 22, arc bend.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, multi-stag ecological fishway of the present utility model, comprises the fish pass unit of the stepped distribution of some levels, fish pass drive system, fish pass energy-dissipating system and attracting monitoring system.
Water is from upstream fish pass mouth 19 to each fish pass unit stream, and the front and back ends of the application's name is with water from upstream flow to downstream, consistent with water (flow) direction, one end of close head is front end, the other end is rear end, just in order to use is described, is not limited this device.
In the present embodiment, multi-stag ecological fishway operation method comprises the following steps:
Step one, in fish migration season, by studying gram stream ability, physiological habit and the behavioral characteristic of different straddling fish stocks, preset the control system parameter of computer 18, control flow rate regulating valve 15 aperture of multi-stag ecological fishway sink unit at different levels and the operation conditions of hoist 16 by computer 18.According to the parameter preset, calculate bypass flow by computer 18, determine flow rate regulating valve 15 aperture of fish pass unit, instruction is passed to the flow rate regulating valve 15 of fish pass unit at different levels, by fish pass flow-control in optimum range;
Step 2, open fishing lamp, under the common inducing action that fishing lamp, attracting platform 7 and pressure water pipe 17 fall the underwater sound, fish start up gathering;
Step 3, in fish migration season, instruction is sent to the hoist 16 of downstream first order fish pass unit by computer 18, gate 2 starts slowly to rise under this hoist 16 drives, first order fish pass unit forms pond gradually, heading up, slow down flow velocity, the fish entering the first fish pass unit is all up;
Step 4, after the fish in the first fish pass unit is all up, instruction is sent to the hoist 16 of downstream second stage fish pass unit by computer 18, the gate 2 of second level fish pass unit starts slowly to rise under its hoist 16 drives, second level fish pass unit forms pond gradually, heading up, slow down flow velocity, the fish entering the second fish pass unit is all up;
Step 5, while execution step 4, the hoist 16 of first order fish pass unit starts to decline, and returns to reset condition, completes one-period;
Step 6, fish pass at different levels step by step type of drive by step 4, five process complete, until complete fish to enter upstream;
Step 7, while fish pass upstream drives step by step, downstream first order fish pass by step 3 run; The driving circulation conveying of level by level like this, completes the up process of whole fish pass.
Step 8, after fish migration terminates season, close flow rate regulating valve 15 and hoist 16 by computer 18.
Claims (8)
1. a multi-stag ecological fishway, is characterized in that: comprise the fish pass unit of the stepped distribution of some levels, fish pass drive system, fish pass energy-dissipating system and attracting monitoring system,
Described fish pass unit comprises upstream side lagging (14), arch chamber (1), downstream lagging (3), fish pass base plate (5), shunting base plate (8), diffluence room (10), fish pass limit wall (20), groynes (21), described fish pass limit wall (20) is positioned at the left and right sides of fish pass, described groynes (21) is arranged along fish pass limit wall (20), described upstream side lagging (14), downstream lagging (3), fish pass base plate (5), a left side for shunting base plate (8), right two ends are fixedly connected on fish pass limit wall (20) respectively, described upstream side lagging (14) lower vertical is fixed on shunting base plate (8) rear end of level, upstream side lagging (14) middle part is connected with shunting base plate (8) front end of adjacent upper level fish pass unit, upstream side lagging (14) top is connected with fish pass base plate (5) front end of upper level fish pass unit, described downstream lagging (3) is connected with fish pass base plate (5) is vertical, described arch chamber (1) is positioned between upstream side lagging (14), downstream lagging (3), for step falls bank above described fish pass base plate (5), described fish pass base plate (5) below is diffluence room (10), and diffluence room (10) is enclosed by shunting base plate (8), fish pass base plate (5), downstream lagging (3) and upstream side lagging (14) and forms,
Described fish pass drive system comprises gate (2), hoist (16), described gate (2) pumps under the driving of hoist (16) in arch chamber (1), and described hoist (16) is fixed on shunting base plate (8) and goes up and be connected to gate (2) bottom;
Described fish pass energy-dissipating system comprises two bypass pipe (12), abatvoix (9), downstream lagging (3), gate (2), groynes (21) and artificial bed ripples (6), two bypass pipes (12) for connecting adjacent diffluence room (10) tilt 30 ° ~ 45 ° to be arranged at outside, fish pass limit wall (20), the bypass pipe water inlet (13) of two bypass pipe (12) is arranged in upper level diffluence room (10), and the bypass pipe delivery port (11) of two bypass pipe (12) is arranged in next stage diffluence room (10); Described abatvoix (9) is arranged in shunting base plate (8); It is three right that described groynes (21) has, first pair of groynes (21) is positioned at fish pass unit downstream entrance side-walls, edge is that 180 ° of angles are arranged with main stem water (flow) direction, second pair of groynes (21) is positioned at every grade of fish pass unit apart from unit downstream entrance sidewall 1/4 length place, edge is that 120 ° of angles are arranged with main stem water (flow) direction, 3rd pair of groynes (21) is positioned at every grade of fish pass unit apart from unit downstream entrance sidewall 3/4 length place, edge is that 135 ° of angles are arranged with main stem water (flow) direction, described artificial bed ripples (6) is arranged on fish pass base plate (5), in wavy yarn line;
Described attracting monitoring system comprises fishing lamp, pressure water pipe (17) and attracting platform (7), and described attracting platform (7) is arranged on downstream, is connected with natural water behind dam, and described fishing lamp is placed in the position of attracting platform (7) oblique upper higher than the water surface; The water inlet of described pressure water pipe (17) is positioned at upper level fish pass unit diffluence room (10), and the water in diffluence room (10) is guided to pressure water pipe (17), and pressure water pipe (17) delivery port is positioned at attracting platform (7) both sides.
2. multi-stag ecological fishway according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise Ecology river system, described Ecology river system comprises yellow artificial bed ripples (6) and attracting pasture and water (4), and artificial bed ripples (6) and attracting pasture and water (4) are arranged on fish pass base plate (5) protruding for simulating rubble bottom natural river course respectively.
3. multi-stag ecological fishway according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described gate (2) is domes.
4. multi-stag ecological fishway according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described upstream side lagging (14) is central hollow, both sides lattice structure relative to the same fish pass unit part be positioned on fish pass base plate (5), it is hollow-core construction that upstream side lagging (14) is positioned in the middle of the part under fish pass base plate (5) relative to same fish pass unit, and the side of the close hoist (16) of upstream side lagging (14) is the arc concave surface of lattice-shaped, opposite side is real plane; Described downstream lagging (3) is convex arc near gate (2) side, and opposite side is section overflow weir.
5. multi-stag ecological fishway according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described arch chamber (1) is enclosed by the convex arc of the arc concave surface of upstream side lagging (14), downstream lagging (3), fish pass base plate (5) and fish pass limit wall (20) and forms.
6. multi-stag ecological fishway according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fish pass limit wall (20) shape is circular arc.
7. multi-stag ecological fishway according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described multi-stag ecological fishway is in " Z " font spiral, and turning adopts arc bend (22).
8. the multi-stag ecological fishway according to any one of claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that: also comprise flow rate regulating valve (15) and computer (18), it is inner that described flow rate regulating valve (15) is arranged on upstream side lagging (14), and described computer (18) connects flow rate regulating valve (15) and hoist (16) by data wire.
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Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105804029A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-07-27 | 四川大学 | Water-supplementing fishway inlet device with ecological gate |
CN105951691A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-09-21 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Downstream fish passing structure and method combining upstream branch and downstream branch of reservoir dam |
CN105951692A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-09-21 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Downstream fish passing structure and method combining main flow on reservoir dam and sub-dam flow |
CN105951693A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-09-21 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Upstream fish passing structure and method combining reservoir dam lower branch and dam upper branch |
CN106087905A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-11-09 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Downstream fish passing structure and method combining reservoir dam upper branch flow and dam lower flow |
CN106592542A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-04-26 | 安徽理工大学 | Superimposed arc type hydraulic-slope-variable fishway and fish passing method |
CN107190710A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-22 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Ecological sluice and its operation method |
CN107916650A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-04-17 | 华北水利水电大学 | Step babinet ecological fishway system |
CN108157261A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-06-15 | 贵州省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | A kind of fish sorting unit for fish lift |
CN109566479A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-05 | 镇江金山湖农业发展有限公司 | A kind of big squama Barb high-yield cultivation method |
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CN115467281A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-13 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Method for constructing schizothorax spawning site in valley water-reducing river section |
CN115961597A (en) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-04-14 | 四川省水利科学研究院 | Fishway irrigation equipment |
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CN107916650B (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2023-11-17 | 华北水利水电大学 | Ecological fishway system of step box |
CN108157261B (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2023-06-27 | 贵州省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | Fish sorting device for fish lifting machine |
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CN109797699A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-24 | 安徽中标环境科技有限公司 | Dam is with rising fish platform based on water ecological environment |
CN109797699B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2023-12-12 | 安徽中标环境科技有限公司 | Dam fish lifting platform based on water ecological environment |
CN110230297A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-09-13 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Ecological fishway for river network in plain areas |
CN114481978B (en) * | 2022-02-12 | 2023-01-31 | 郑州大学 | Multi-way energy dissipation and resistance reduction type ecological fishway |
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CN115467281A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-13 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Method for constructing schizothorax spawning site in valley water-reducing river section |
CN115961597B (en) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-05-16 | 四川省水利科学研究院 | Fishway irrigation equipment |
CN115961597A (en) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-04-14 | 四川省水利科学研究院 | Fishway irrigation equipment |
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