The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is, provide a kind of based on pick-up unit in the tube wall axial crack defective of magnetostrictive effect, its ultrasonic sensor can inspire ultrasound wave in tube wall, the ultrasound wave that excites is circumferentially propagated along tube wall, when running into the axial crack defective, reflect, obtain the acoustic reflection signal of axial crack defective in the tube wall by receiving sensor, thereby reach the purpose to axial crack defects detection identification in the tube wall.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present utility model can adopt following technical proposal to realize:
A kind of based on pick-up unit in the tube wall axial crack defective of magnetostrictive effect, described interior pick-up unit is positioned in the pipeline, described interior pick-up unit comprises: electric pressurized capsule, be provided with the part of data acquisition of electrical connection in it, signal-data processing part and data store are divided, and the two ends of electric pressurized capsule are respectively equipped with support wheel; A plurality of ultrasonic sensors based on magnetostrictive effect, be connected to its circumferential array outside the electric pressurized capsule, and be close to inner-walls of duct, each ultrasonic sensor comprises permanent magnet, ultrasound wave coil and spring suppport, the ultrasound wave coil is between the N of the permanent magnet utmost point and the S utmost point, and spring suppport is connected between permanent magnet and the ultrasound wave coil; Driver, it links to each other with electric pressurized capsule by universal joint, the driver two ends are respectively equipped with the support wheel of a cover circumferential array, and in the support wheel of described electric pressurized capsule and the support wheel of driver, wherein the support wheel of a cover circumferential array is provided with a plurality of staggered mileage wheels.
Aforesaid based on pick-up unit in the tube wall axial crack defective of magnetostrictive effect, described a plurality of ultrasonic sensor based on magnetostrictive effect forms two ultrasonic sensor groups of arranged crosswise, and every group of ultrasonic sensor circumferentially is connected to outside the described electric pressurized capsule respectively equably.
Aforesaid based on pick-up unit in the tube wall axial crack defective of magnetostrictive effect, the sensor control section of described ultrasonic sensor is between described permanent magnet and ultrasound wave coil.
Aforesaid based on pick-up unit in the tube wall axial crack defective of magnetostrictive effect, described driver also comprises speed control unit and drives leather cup, drives the front end connection speed control module of leather cup.Wherein, speed control unit guarantees that interior pick-up unit moves in desirable velocity range.
Aforesaid based on pick-up unit in the tube wall axial crack defective of magnetostrictive effect, described ultrasound wave coil comprises ultrasonic excitation coil and the ultrasound wave receiving coil that central shaft is consistent, and described ultrasonic excitation coil and ultrasound wave receiving coil are made of folding shape coil respectively.
Aforesaid based on pick-up unit in the tube wall axial crack defective of magnetostrictive effect, described ultrasonic excitation coil excitation ultrasound ripple in tube wall, the pass of its ultrasonic propagation direction and broken line spacing be sin θ=c/2Df wherein, θ is the angle of Acoustic Wave Propagation direction and tested pipeline surface normal, c is velocity of wave, f is frequency of sound wave, and D is the folding spacing.
Aforesaid based on pick-up unit in the tube wall axial crack defective of magnetostrictive effect, described θ=90 degree, sin θ=1, D=c/2f, namely the broken line space D is half of ultrasound wave wavelength λ.
Aforesaid based on pick-up unit in the tube wall axial crack defective of magnetostrictive effect, three staggered described support wheels that are arranged in the rear side of described electric pressurized capsule of described mileage wheel.
Characteristics and the advantage of the utility model embodiment are:
1, it is based on the ultrasonic sensor of magnetostrictive effect, utilize magnetostrictive effect and the back wash effect thereof of ferrimagnet under alternating magnetic field and constant bias magnetic field, thereby realized to the natural gas line noncontact, detected without coupling to have good reproducibility, resolution advantages of higher.
2, its ultrasonic sensor adopts permanent magnet to realize the bias magnetic field that sensor is required in tube wall, and the bias magnetic field direction in the tube wall is parallel with cell winding, has adopted simultaneously spring suppport to guarantee that the ultrasound wave coil is close to inner-walls of duct.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing among the utility model embodiment, the technical scheme among the utility model embodiment is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment only is the utility model part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the utility model, those of ordinary skills are not making the every other embodiment that obtains under the creative work prerequisite, all belong to the scope of the utility model protection.
Such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 4, the utility model embodiment has proposed a kind of based on pick-up unit in the tube wall axial crack defective of magnetostrictive effect, and described interior pick-up unit is forward operation under pipeline internal medium drives, and in operational process tube wall axial crack defective is detected.Described interior pick-up unit comprises electric pressurized capsule 1, and driver 2 and a plurality of ultrasonic sensor based on magnetostrictive effect, ultrasonic sensor for example can adopt electromagnetic acoustic (EMAT) sensor.Be provided with part of data acquisition 1a in the electric pressurized capsule 1, signal-data processing part 1b and data store are divided 1c, and the two ends of electric pressurized capsule 1 are respectively equipped with the support wheel 4 of a cover circumferential array.Be connected to outside the electric pressurized capsule 1 to a plurality of ultrasonic sensor circumferential array based on magnetostrictive effect, and be close in the pipeline, each ultrasonic sensor comprises permanent magnet 3a, ultrasound wave coil 3b and spring suppport 3c, ultrasound wave coil 3b is between the N of the permanent magnet 3a utmost point and the S utmost point, and spring suppport 3c is connected between permanent magnet 3a and the ultrasound wave coil 3b.Driver 2 links to each other with electric pressurized capsule 1 by universal joint 6, driving electric pressurized capsule 1 moves in tube wall, the two ends of driver 2 also are respectively equipped with the support wheel of a cover circumferential array, in the support wheel 4 of described electric pressurized capsule 1 and the support wheel 4 of driver 2, wherein the support wheel 4 of a cover circumferential array is provided with a plurality of staggered mileage wheels 5, herein, three mileage wheel 5 staggered support wheels 4 that are arranged in the rear side of described electric pressurized capsule 1.Pick-up unit was roughly concentric with pipeline in support wheel 4 guaranteed, the mileage information of mileage wheel 5 record detecting device operations.
Among the utility model embodiment, ultrasonic sensor adopts the pulse echo technology, namely hyperacoustic excite and receive by same ultrasonic sensor finish.Spring suppport 3c is connected between permanent magnet 3a and the ultrasound wave coil 3b, so that ultrasound wave coil 3b can keep pressing close to inner-walls of duct.In addition, present embodiment has also been realized detecting to the noncontact of natural gas line with without coupling, has good reproducibility and resolution advantages of higher.
The sensor control section 3d of described ultrasonic sensor is between described permanent magnet 3a and ultrasound wave coil 3b, so that the structure of interior pick-up unit is compacter, it is more reasonable to connect up.Sensor control section 3d is used for controlling ultrasonic sensor and excites and receive ultrasound wave.
The detection method of present embodiment is as follows:
(1) interior pick-up unit is put into pipeline after, driver 2 drives electric pressurized capsule 1 and moves in tube wall, and make ultrasound wave coil 3b press close to inner-walls of duct by spring suppport 3c, when interior pick-up unit moves in pipeline, supported by support wheel 4 and mileage wheel 5, can guarantee that interior pick-up unit and pipeline are roughly concentric, the mileage wheel can be used for detecting the mileage signal that interior pick-up unit moves, in service, data store divides 1c to receive the mileage signal of mileage wheel 5;
(2) permanent magnet 3a sets up one and is parallel to the axial constant bias magnetic field of ferromagnetic pipeline in the tube wall based on the ultrasonic sensor place of magnetostrictive effect;
(3) being positioned at sensor on the sensor control section 3d of ultrasonic sensor excites the unit will pass at the ultrasonic excitation coil based on the ultrasonic sensor of magnetostrictive effect the sinusoidal burst pulse of high frequency; Under the electromagnetic induction effect, exchange current will be at the local alternating magnetic field that produces of ultrasonic excitation coil.The tube wall of being close to the ultrasonic excitation coiler part produces ultrasound wave based on magnetostrictive effect in tube wall under the acting in conjunction in alternating magnetic field and constant bias magnetic field, the ultrasound wave of generation is circumferentially propagated along tube wall perpendicular to coil;
(4) ultrasound wave is in the circumferential communication process of tube wall, runs into along the crack defect of pipeline axial etc. unusually and be reflected back, and the ultrasound wave receiving coil that reflection wave is positioned in the ultrasonic excitation sensor receives;
(5) according to the assay intervals that pre-sets, every the range ability of regular length, data store divides 1c just can excite/receive ultrasound wave in current location through high-speed data acquisition part 1a notice sensor control section 3d.The ultrasonic sensor of magnetostrictive effect is finished emission and is received.After continuing sampling interval of operation, mass data storage part 1c excites/receives ultrasound wave through high-speed data acquisition part 1a notice sensor control section 3d again, and circulation is until finish whole pipe detection according to this;
(6) in the conduit running process, the data of being obtained by high-speed data acquisition part 1a are transmitted to mass data storage part 1c after processing, compress, pack the early stage of signal-data processing part 1b.After the detection of finishing whole pipeline, with data dump in the data analysis computing machine.
(7) in the data analysis computing machine, analyze based on the received waveform of ultrasound wave receiving coil in the ultrasonic sensor of magnetostrictive effect, obtain unusual concrete shape and the size of tube wall.
Permanent magnet 3a is U magnet, and its N utmost point and the S utmost point are positioned at the two ends of ultrasonic sensor, the permanent-magnetic field of formation and tube wall axially parallel.
According to an embodiment of the present utility model, cooperate again shown in Figure 3, described a plurality of ultrasonic sensor based on magnetostrictive effect forms two ultrasonic sensor group 3m, 3n of arranged crosswise, and every group of ultrasonic sensor 3m, 3n circumferentially are connected to outside the described electric pressurized capsule 1 respectively equably.That is to say, present embodiment is equipped with two groups of ultrasonic sensor 3m, 3n, every group all has a plurality of circumferentially being evenly arranged or the equidistant ultrasonic sensor of arranging of circumference ring-type, because ultrasonic sensor sends ultrasound wave to both direction, launch mutually crosstalking between the sound wave for fear of ultrasonic sensor, every group of ultrasonic sensor 3m and 3n have again a plurality of ultrasonic sensors, i.e. 3m1,3m2 ... with 3n1,3n2 ..., so can increase the on the same group spacing between the ultrasonic sensor.In addition, each ultrasonic sensor 3n1,3n2 of second group of ultrasonic sensor 3n lays respectively between each ultrasonic sensor 3m1,3m2 of first group of ultrasonic sensor 3m, form the arranged crosswise form, when pick-up unit moves in pipeline so, can make the surveyed area of ultrasonic sensor cover whole body fully.Wherein, the ultrasonic sensor group 3m of two magnetostrictive effects and 3n finish the emission reception successively according to the order of 3m1,3m2,3n1 and 3n2.
Described driver 2 also comprises driving leather cup 2a and speed control unit 2b.Drive the end connection speed control module 2b of leather cup 2a.When the interior pick-up unit of present embodiment moves in pipeline, the support wheel 4 of driver 2 is used for guaranteeing that driver 2 is roughly concentric with pipeline, driving leather cup 2a provides driving force for the operation of interior pick-up unit, whole device under the traction that drives leather cup 2a along conduit running, pick-up unit moved with suitable speed in pipeline in speed control unit 2b guaranteed, for example speed control unit 2b can make the travelling speed of interior pick-up unit be not more than 2m/s, can gather optimal data information to guarantee cell winding 3b.
In addition, the interior pick-up unit of present embodiment has four groups of support wheels 4 altogether, and comprises 3 mileage wheels 5 in one group of support wheel on electric pressurized capsule 1 right side, evenly distributes with 360 degree.
Described ultrasound wave coil 3b comprises ultrasonic excitation coil and ultrasound wave receiving coil, described ultrasonic excitation coil and ultrasound wave receiving coil are made of folding shape coil (claiming again tortuous coil) respectively, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, the ultrasonic excitation coil is consistent with the central shaft of ultrasound wave receiving coil, and is maximum to guarantee the receiving ultrasound wave amplitude.Herein, the ultrasonic sensor coil adopts based on printed circuit board technology and makes, and circuit board simultaneously is the ultrasonic excitation coil, and one side is the ultrasound wave receiving coil, and the ultrasonic excitation coil is made as 3 circles, and the ultrasound wave receiving coil is made as 8 circles.
Figure 5 shows that Acoustic Wave Propagation direction synoptic diagram, the described ultrasonic sensor based on magnetostrictive effect of present embodiment, the pass of its Acoustic Wave Propagation direction and broken line spacing is sin θ=c/2Df.Wherein, θ is the angle of Acoustic Wave Propagation direction and tested pipeline surface normal, and c is velocity of wave, and f is frequency of sound wave, and D is the broken line spacing.Furthermore, in the present embodiment, above-mentioned angle θ is 90 degree, so that broken line space D=c/2f, namely half of ultrasound wave wavelength λ is steady state value, at this moment, the ultrasonic excitation coil produces whole panel vibration and the fixing guided wave of pattern, perpendicular to rolling over the shape coil to the both sides radiation.
As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, the described ultrasonic sensor based on magnetostrictive effect of present embodiment excites with receiving coil and is folding shape coil, its middle polyline space D, height H, coil width W.
Figure 6 shows that the right half side wave beam diffusion synoptic diagram that excites guided wave of coil, the described ultrasonic sensor based on magnetostrictive effect of present embodiment, main radiation direction and the ultrasound mode of determining to enter tested tube wall with the broken line space D.
The hyperacoustic theoretical beam angle that the utility model excites is that First order diffraction is theoretical, as shown in Figure 6.Ultrasonic propagation is certain be the distance of near field apart from N after, beam angle is along with the distance with sensor increases and increases, and Beam Scattering angle γ (being the angle of velocity of sound diffusion edge and ultrasound line coil axis) is sin γ=κ λ/W with the pass of ultrasonic wavelength X and coil width W.
Receiving the ultrasound wave coil is the back wash effect that sensor angle γ is relied on.Reception amplitude from a mounting ultrasonic is the function of sensor receiving coil central shaft angular displacement (γ).As shown in Figure 7, be centered close to collinear ripple (γ=0 °) with the ultrasound wave receiving coil and have maximum reception amplitude, along with the increase of angle (γ>0 °), identical hyperacoustic reception amplitude will reduce.
After the acoustic signals that receives by receiving coil based on the sensor of magnetostrictive effect described in the utility model passes through high-speed data acquisition part 1a and signal-data processing part 1b, deposit mass data storage part 1c in, to detect data dump after the end to be detected in the data analysis computing machine, by data analyst to detecting data analysis, to assess the crack defect situation of tested pipeline, in conjunction with the corrosion detected status of pipeline, thus the Integrity Management of realization pipeline.
The concrete testing process of present embodiment is as follows:
(1) interior pick-up unit is put into pipeline after, the travelling speed of pick-up unit was not more than 2m/s in speed control unit 2b guaranteed, guaranteed that sensor excitation variable winding and receiving coil can gather optimal data information;
(2) after the mileage wheel triggered sampled signal, mass data storage part 1c just excited/receives ultrasound wave through high-speed data acquisition part 1a notice sensor control section 3d in current location.The sensor excitation unit that is positioned on the sensor control section 3d will apply at the ultrasonic excitation coil of ultrasonic sensor the sinusoidal burst pulse of high frequency;
(3) under the electromagnetic induction effect, exchange current will produce alternating magnetic field.Under the acting in conjunction in alternating magnetic field and constant bias magnetic field, according to magnetostrictive effect and back wash effect thereof, the ultrasonic excitation coil will be launched the ultrasound wave perpendicular to winding wire, and this ultrasound wave is circumferentially propagated along tube wall;
(4) ultrasound wave runs into the tube walls such as crackle, corrosion and unusually is reflected back in the process of propagating, and reflection supersonic wave is received by the ultrasound wave receiving coil in the ultrasonic sensor;
(5) ultrasound wave that receives based on the ultrasound wave receiving coil in the ultrasonic sensor of magnetostrictive effect deposits in high-speed data acquisition part 1a and the mass data storage part 1c after passing through signal-data processing part 1b;
After the ultrasonic sensor 3m of (6) two groups of magnetostrictive effects and all ultrasonic sensors on the 3n are finished emission reception ultrasound wave successively, move forward based on pick-up unit in the magnetostrictive effect tube wall axial crack defective, behind a sampled distance, the mileage wheel triggers sampled signal, repeat said process (2), (3), (4) are until finish the detection of whole tested pipeline section;
(7) taking-up is described in the utility model based on behind the pick-up unit in the magnetostrictive effect tube wall axial crack defective, data in the dump mass data storage part 1c are to the data analysis computing machine, data analyst is to analyzing based on the received ultrasound wave waveform of the ultrasound wave receiving coil in the ultrasonic sensor of magnetostrictive effect, and compare with actual known tubes change in wall waveform pattern, obtain unusual concrete shape and the size of tube wall.
The above only is several embodiment of the present utility model, and those skilled in the art can carry out various changes or modification to the utility model embodiment and do not break away from spirit and scope of the present utility model according to application documents are disclosed.