CN101424663B - Gas pipeline crack electromagnetical ultrasonic oblique wave guide detecting method - Google Patents
Gas pipeline crack electromagnetical ultrasonic oblique wave guide detecting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic ultrasonic inclined guiding wave checking method of natural gas pipeline cracks, which is characterized in that electromagnetic ultrasonic energy exchanger units are composed of split-type broken line coils and permanent magnet blocks, and are arranged on an inner checking device in the pipeline along the inclined direction, and generated ultrasonic guiding waves have a certain checking sensitivity on cracks of each direction on the spreading route of the ultrasonic guiding waves. The inclined ultrasonic guiding wave and the supporting guiding wave after crack action of a single emitting electromagnetic ultrasonic energy exchanger unit are received by two annular receiving energy exchangers arranged on both sides of the emitting electromagnetic ultrasonic energy exchanger. A plurality of emitting energy exchanger units are arranged into an annular set, and orderly generate inclined guiding waves so as to cover the entire circumference of the pipeline wall according to time, and the positions and the sizes of the crack defects are fixed according to the received guiding wave signals and the arranging condition of the energy exchangers. The invention realizes the non-contact purpose of the cracks in the natural gas pipeline without liquid coupling check, and can be used for the crack defects of each direction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing electromagnet ultrasonic changer any direction crack defect in the oblique direction generation ultrasonic guided wave detecting duct wall of natural gas line wall, belong to the Non-Destructive Testing field.
Background technology
Natural gas line is the important tool of the long Distance Transmission of natural gas source, guarantees that safe, the normal operation of these pipelines is most important for the normal life of safeguarding national energy security and people.In operational process all the year round, because the influence of various factors, various types of defectives of crackle can appear comprising on the duct wall of natural gas line, these development of defects go down to form the leakage of rock gas if leave, not only cause enormous economic loss, and can pollute surrounding enviroment, thereby even the serious threat people's that blasts life.Therefore, to the early stage monitoring of natural gas line defective with handle and just become crucial problem, and online Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement is an effective means of reaching this target.Natural gas line is embedded in underground mostly, this special operation condition has determined general utilization and operation to advance under the promotion of gas pressure of pipe interior and conveying in pipe and the internal detector of finishing detection simultaneously carries out the defects detection of natural gas line, comprises complicated mechanical and electronic installation in the internal detector.
The preferred plan of gas pipeline crack defects detection is based on hyperacoustic detection scheme at present.Traditional method is to use piezoelectric transducer to produce ultrasonic bulk wave and detects crack defect on the duct wall, and the problem of this method is that the support that piezoelectric transducer must liquid coupling medium could be worked, thereby is difficult to be applied to the online detection of natural gas line.A solution is to use electromagnet ultrasonic changer to produce ultrasound wave, the great advantage of this transducer is not need the support of liquid coupling medium and directly finish electromagnetic energy in detected conductive material inside and produce ultrasound wave to mechanical transformation of energy, in non-ferromagnetic conductive material, only depend on the Lorentz force effect, in ferromagnetic material, generally have Lorentz force and magnetostrictive effect simultaneously.In addition, at the online detection range of defect of pipeline, supersonic guide-wave advantages such as far away and decay is little because of its propagation distance obtain increasing concern gradually.Present existing use electromagnet ultrasonic changer produces in the scheme of the online interior detection pipeline crack defect of supersonic guide-wave, often use the strict supersonic guide-wave of circumferentially propagating along pipeline, this scheme has best detection sensitivity for the crackle along pipeline axial, but powerless to the detection of circumferential crack and oblique crackle.For solving the detection problem of any direction crack defect, be necessary to inquire into other detector design schemes.
Utility model patent " tubing electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting device " (application number: 03214184.X) relate to a kind of outer electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting device that detects of tubing defective that is applicable to, mainly partly form by defectoscope, transceiver, radio-frequency coil, electromagnet and follower etc.This installs employed electromagnet ultrasonic changer and produces ultrasound wave based on eddy current and magnetic field force, not have the influence of the magnetostrictive effect that consideration certainly exists in ferromagnetic steel natural gas line wall.In addition, in this patent not to how producing ultrasound wave and hyperacoustic type is done specific descriptions.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing electromagnet ultrasonic changer in the natural gas line wall, to produce oblique ultrasonic guided wave detecting any direction crack defect.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of gas pipeline crack electromagnetical ultrasonic oblique wave guide detecting method, this method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps from the inner crack defect that detects all directions in the duct wall of natural gas line:
1) is arranged in a plurality of emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit 4a on the internal detector along the annular arrangement of inner-walls of duct circumference with oblique, forms transmitting transducer group 5; Described electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit is made up of permanent magnet magnetic patch 1 and broken line coil 2, and division formula broken line coil is placed between the N utmost point and the S utmost point of permanent magnet magnetic patch, and the permanent magnet magnetic patch generates the constant bias magnetic field that is parallel to the broken line winding wire in duct wall; Winding wire and the constant bias magnetic field and the pipeline axial angle at 45 of emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit;
2) in the both sides of described transmitting transducer group receiving transducer group 6 is set respectively, the receiving transducer group is formed along the annular arrangement of inner-walls of duct circumference by a plurality of reception electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit 4b that are arranged on the internal detector, and the broken line winding wire of reception electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit and constant bias magnetic field are all on the pipe circumference direction;
3) feed the train of impulses that constitutes by several continuous sinusoidal waveforms in the broken line coil of the some emission electromagnet ultrasonic changers unit in the transmitting transducer group as excitation; Under the acting in conjunction of alternating magnetic field that the alternation exciting current produces and constant bias magnetic field, emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit produces the shear supersonic guide-wave along the oblique propagation of duct wall perpendicular to winding wire and bias magnetic field; Each emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit interval 1～2ms successively launches oblique supersonic guide-wave successively then, thereby covers the whole circumference of pipeline;
4) reflection guided wave 13 after the oblique incidence supersonic guide-wave 12 of the emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit in the transmitting transducer group and the crack defect effect and refraction guided wave 14 are received transducer group 6 and receive;
5) suppose that incident, reflection and refraction Propagation of guided waves distance with respect to guided wave scattering point on the crackle are respectively α, c and b, incident and refraction guided wave travel path angle are α, refraction and reflection guided wave travel path angle are β, reflection and incident guided wave travel path angle are γ, and three angle sums are 360 °; With the position that the position of the reception electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit that has the peak response amplitude in the receiving transducer group of left side arrives as the reflection guided wave, emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit is C to this position distance; With the position that the position of the reception electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit that has the peak response amplitude in the receiving transducer group of right side arrives as the refraction guided wave, emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit is A to this position distance; Two that receive reflection and refraction guided wave receive between the electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit apart from being B; According to the time of occurrence of the guided wave signals feature that receives, record the value of a+b=D and a+c=E; Set up the following system of equations that contains six unknown number a, b, c, α, β and γ thus:
Obtain the position of guided wave scattering point on the crack defect from solving result; Adjacent several emission electromagnet ultrasonic changers unit is launched supersonic guide-wave successively and is acted on same crack defect 10 respectively, and the line of guided wave scattering point has determined the particular location and the cracking direction of crack defect;
Do not propagate from the crack defect both sides in the past, reflection and refraction take place with the effective guided wave of crack defect with the incident guided wave of crack defect effect; From estimating crack size with the position and the number of the effective emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer of crackle unit; Suppose that the circumferential coverage distance with the effective emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer of crack defect unit is F, the angle of the crack defect and the oblique incidence guided wave direction of propagation is θ, and then the estimated value of crack size is:
6) after all emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer emission guided waves end and scattering guided wave are received the transducer group reception, the in-pipeline detector that is loaded with whole electromagnet ultrasonic changers advances along the ducts stretched direction, the process that begin next time to generate guided wave after the distance of the sampling interval of advancing under the triggering of the wheel of the mileage on the internal detector, detects crack defect.
Broken line coil of the present invention adopts the division formula broken line coil of print circuit plates making.The frequency that the some cycle sine pulse series excitation that adopted are encouraged is in the scope of 70KHz ~ 1MHz, and the number of sinusoidal period is between 8 ~ 10, and amplitude is between 10A ~ 20A.The Cycle Length of broken line coil is 3.2 ~ 45.7mm, and number of cycles gets 2 ~ 5, and lift-off value is in the scope of 0 ~ 2mm; The magnetic induction density of bias magnetic field is 1 ~ 1.5T.
The technique effect of high-lighting of the present invention: because the building mode of transducer group is formed in oblique emission supersonic guide-wave and a plurality of electromagnet ultrasonic changers of employing unit, the present invention can finish the inside of all directions crackle in the natural gas line wall and detect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of employed electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit.
Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing of tripartition formula broken line coil.
The synoptic diagram that Fig. 3 arranges on in-pipeline detector for the electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit.
Fig. 4 is for using the analysis examples of guided wave scattering point on the crack defect of oblique wave guide location.
Fig. 5 determines the analysis examples of crack defect size for using oblique wave guide.
Among the figure, 1-permanent magnet magnetic patch; 2-division formula broken line coil; 3-supersonic guide-wave direction of propagation; 4a-emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit; 4b-reception electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit; 5-transmitting transducer group; 6-receiving transducer group; 7-internal detector; 8-axial crack; 9-circumferential crack; 10-oblique crackle; 11-duct wall; 12-incident supersonic guide-wave; 13-reflectance ultrasound guided wave; 14-refracting ultrasound guided wave.
Embodiment
Use tripartition formula broken line coil and Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet magnetic patch formation electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit as shown in Figure 1 among the present invention based on printed circuit board (PCB), tripartition broken line coil period number gets 2～5, for the concrete form in the accompanying drawing 2, the periodicity of coil is 3.5.The constant bias magnetic field that permanent magnet provides is in the scope of 1 ~ 1.5T, representative value is 1T, its direction is parallel to the lead direction of broken line coil and is positioned at duct wall inside, this configuration mode has determined that the bias magnetic field in the duct wall is parallel with the alternation eddy current that coil causes, thereby do not have the Lorentz force effect, promptly in non-ferromagnetic conductive material, can not produce ultrasound wave.For the natural gas line wall by ferromagnetic steel structure, this configuration mode will produce the shear ultrasound wave under the magnetostrictive effect effect.The shear ultrasound wave is along propagating and limited by duct wall perpendicular to the direction of winding wire, the final supersonic guide-wave of propagating along duct wall that forms.The broken line coil of transducer unit is pressed close to the inner surface of pipeline placement and is had curved surface to be fit to the geometric configuration of inner-walls of duct, and coil is lifted between 0～2mm, and representative value is 2mm.The Cycle Length of broken line coil is generally in the scope of 3.2～45.7mm, and concrete value will satisfy the coupling requirement, i.e. the phase velocity C of coil period D, guide wavelength λ, guided wave
PShould satisfy following relation with the frequency f of guided wave:
D＝λ＝C
P/f
The pumping signal sinusoidal waveform periodicity that feeds in the electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit is for example got the sinusoidal waveform in 8 continuous cycles and is formed the driving pulse string signal in 8～10 scope.The sinusoidal waveform frequency is in 70kHz～1MHz scope, and value is 250KHz; For C
PBe the situation of 3200m/s, coil period D is that wavelength X is 12.8mm.So that the frequency band of signal is narrow as far as possible, narrow band signal helps to excite the supersonic guide-wave of single-mode and dispersion phenomenon not obvious to burst signal through Hanning window modulation.The exciting current amplitude is 10A～20A, and a typical value is 10A.
As shown in Figure 3, emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit on internal detector with pipeline axial angle at 45 along oblique layout, at this moment launch the supersonic guide-wave of electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit generation and also launch, will circumferentially have similar sensitivity to pure like this with pure axial crack defect with pipeline axial angle at 45.
The supersonic guide-wave that single oblique emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit produces can with axial, the circumferential and oblique crack defect effect on its travel path, thereby have the detectability of any direction crack defect almost.Because the situation of the scattering of oblique supersonic guide-wave and the effect of any direction crack defect is very complicated, thereby adopt be arranged in emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit vertically two receiving transducer groups of both sides receive the scattering guided wave of crack defect from circumferential each position, thereby avoid omission that the guided wave signals that has defect information is received.The number of transducer unit is decided by the size of pipeline girth and transducer unit in the transducer group.What single emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit can cover is limited in scope, thereby adopt the emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit of a plurality of oblique layouts to form the transmitting transducer group, each transducer unit on the transmitting transducer group is successively launched supersonic guide-wave successively, its time interval is 1～2ms, thereby covers the whole circumference of duct wall.
Analysis examples for the scattering point of oblique supersonic guide-wave and crack defect effect provides in accompanying drawing 4.Produce reflection and refracting ultrasound guided wave after supersonic guide-wave that emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit produces and the oblique crackle effect.Incident Propagation of guided waves distance is a, reflection and refraction Propagation of guided waves distance are respectively c and b, angle between incident guided wave and the refraction guided wave travel path is α, angle between refraction and the reflection guided wave travel path is β, angle between reflection and the incident guided wave travel path is γ, and three angle sums are 360 °.A, b, c, α, β and γ are 6 unknown numbers.With the position that the position of the receiving transducer unit that has the peak response amplitude in the receiving transducer group of left side arrives as the reflection guided wave, emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit is C to the distance of this position; With the position that the position of the receiving transducer unit that has the peak response amplitude in the receiving transducer group of right side arrives as the refraction guided wave, emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit is A to the distance of this position; Receive between two transducer units of reflection and refraction guided wave distance for B.According to the time of occurrence that receives the guided wave signals feature, the value of a+b=D and a+c=E can record.Again according to the leg-of-mutton cosine law, can obtain the following system of equations of forming by 6 equations that contains 6 unknown number a, b, c, α, β and γ:
Can determine the position of guided wave scattering point on the crack defect from finding the solution result that this system of equations obtains.Adjacent several emission electromagnet ultrasonic changers unit launch successively supersonic guide-wave and respectively with same crack defect effect, the line of guided wave scattering point determined crack defect particular location and the cracking direction.
As shown in Figure 5, do not propagate from the crack defect both sides in the past with the incident guided wave of crack defect effect, with crack defect effective guided wave generation reflection and refraction, thereby can be from the position and the number estimation crack size of generation reflection and the emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit that reflects.Suppose that the circumferential distance with the effective emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer of crack defect unit is F, the angle of the crack defect and the oblique wave guide direction of propagation is θ, and then the estimated value of crack size is:
The scattering guided wave that guided wave and crack defect are all launched in all emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit by two receiving transducer group of received after, testing in current location finishes, internal detector moves on, and begins guided wave testing process next time after mileage is taken turns the distance that the 3cm that advances under the triggering is a sampling interval.
Electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit is as shown in Figure 1 understood simultaneously forward, latter two direction emission supersonic guide-wave, for the crack defect to this both direction is made differentiation, the distance of emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit and two receiving transducer groups is also inequality, and two crack defects of the direction such as equidistant on former and later two directions of transducer unit will cause different responses in the receiving transducer group like this.
Claims (4)
1. gas pipeline crack electromagnetical ultrasonic oblique wave guide detecting method, this method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps from the inner crack defect that detects all directions in the duct wall of natural gas line:
1) is arranged in a plurality of emission electromagnet ultrasonic changers unit (4a) on the internal detector along the annular arrangement of inner-walls of duct circumference with oblique, forms transmitting transducer group (5); Described electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit is made up of permanent magnet magnetic patch (1) and broken line coil (2), division formula broken line coil is placed between the N utmost point and the S utmost point of permanent magnet magnetic patch, and the permanent magnet magnetic patch generates the constant bias magnetic field that is parallel to the broken line winding wire in duct wall; Winding wire and the constant bias magnetic field and the pipeline axial angle at 45 of emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit;
2) in the both sides of described transmitting transducer group receiving transducer group (6) is set respectively, the receiving transducer group is formed along the annular arrangement of inner-walls of duct circumference by a plurality of reception electromagnet ultrasonic changers unit (4b) that are arranged on the internal detector, and the broken line winding wire of reception electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit and constant bias magnetic field are all on the pipe circumference direction;
3) feed the train of impulses that constitutes by several continuous sinusoidal waveforms in the broken line coil of the some emission electromagnet ultrasonic changers unit in the transmitting transducer group as excitation; Under the acting in conjunction of alternating magnetic field that the alternation exciting current produces and constant bias magnetic field, emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit produces the shear supersonic guide-wave along the oblique propagation of duct wall perpendicular to winding wire and bias magnetic field; Each emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit interval 1～2ms successively launches oblique supersonic guide-wave successively then, thereby covers the whole circumference of pipeline;
4) the reflection guided wave (13) after the oblique incidence supersonic guide-wave (12) of the emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit in the transmitting transducer group and the crack defect effect and reflect guided wave (14) and be received transducer group (6) and receive;
5) suppose that incident, reflection and refraction Propagation of guided waves distance with respect to guided wave scattering point on the crackle are respectively a, c and b, incident and refraction guided wave travel path angle are α, refraction and reflection guided wave travel path angle are β, reflection and incident guided wave travel path angle are γ, and three angle sums are 360 °; With the position that the position of the reception electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit that has the peak response amplitude in the receiving transducer group of left side arrives as the reflection guided wave, emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit is C to this position distance; With the position that the position of the reception electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit that has the peak response amplitude in the receiving transducer group of right side arrives as the refraction guided wave, emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit is A to this position distance; Two that receive reflection and refraction guided wave receive between the electromagnet ultrasonic changer unit apart from being B; According to the time of occurrence of the guided wave signals feature that receives, record the value of a+b=D and a+c=E; Set up the following system of equations that contains six unknown number a, b, c, α, β and γ thus:
Obtain the position of guided wave scattering point on the crack defect from solving result; Adjacent several emission electromagnet ultrasonic changers unit is launched supersonic guide-wave successively and is acted on same crack defect (10) respectively, and the line of guided wave scattering point has determined the particular location and the cracking direction of crack defect;
Do not propagate from the crack defect both sides in the past, reflection and refraction take place with the effective guided wave of crack defect with the incident guided wave of crack defect effect; From estimating crack size with the position and the number of the effective emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer of crackle unit; Suppose that the circumferential coverage distance with the effective emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer of crack defect unit is F, the angle of the crack defect and the oblique incidence guided wave direction of propagation is θ, and then the estimated value of crack size is:
6) after all emission electromagnet ultrasonic changer emission guided waves end and scattering guided wave are received the transducer group reception, the in-pipeline detector that is loaded with whole electromagnet ultrasonic changers advances along the ducts stretched direction, the process that begin next time to generate guided wave after the distance of the sampling interval of advancing under the triggering of the wheel of the mileage on the internal detector, detects crack defect.
2. according to the described gas pipeline crack electromagnetical ultrasonic oblique wave guide detecting method of claim 1, it is characterized in that described broken line coil adopts the division formula broken line coil of print circuit plates making.
3. according to the described gas pipeline crack electromagnetical ultrasonic oblique wave guide detecting method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, the frequency that the some cycle sine pulse series excitation that adopted are encouraged is in the scope of 70KHz～1MHz, and the number of sinusoidal period is between 8～10, and amplitude is between 10A～20A.
4. according to the described gas pipeline crack electromagnetical ultrasonic oblique wave guide detecting method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the Cycle Length of broken line coil is 3.2～45.7mm, number of cycles gets 2～5, and lift-off value is in the scope of 0～2mm; The magnetic induction density of bias magnetic field is 1～1.5T.
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