CN202214340U - Continuous gasification and tar removing device for biomass moving bed - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a continuous gasification and tar removing device for a biomass moving bed, which is characterized by comprising a piperack type moving bed gasification and tar removing furnace, wherein a furnace core is arranged in the furnace and assembled into rows and lines of neatly arranged reaction tubes (13) by various kinds of specialized designed refractory bricks in special shapes in a piling up mode. The lower ends of the reaction tubes are connected with carbon cooling tubes, the lower ends of the carbon cooling tubes are connected with a multipoint continuous equivalent carbon discharging device. A drying section, a pre-carbonization section, a carbonization burning section, a reduction gasification section, a reburning tar removing section and a carbon primary cooling section are sequentially arranged in each of the reaction tubes from top to bottom. Vertical gas channels and transverse gas channels are arranged between the pre-carbonization section and the carbonization burning section, between the reduction gasification section and the reburning tar removing section, and between reburning tar removing section and the carbon primary cooling section, and respectively and mutually communicated with corresponding to a secondary air inlet, a triple air inlet and a gas outlet. The continuous gasification and tar removing device for the biomass moving bed is low in gas tar content and free of waste water discharging, obtains byproduct activated carbon, and greatly reduces production cost.

Description

Biomass moving-bed continuous gasification is removed the equipment of tar simultaneously

Technical field

The present invention relates to gasifying biomass and charcoal, activating technology field, is to remove tar simultaneously and realize charcoal activatory equipment about the biomass continuous gasification.

Background technology

Biomass energy is because low-carbon (LC) and renewable is paid attention to by contemporary society day by day, and wherein biomass pyrogenation gasification manufacturing fuel gas perhaps further is used for generating electricity, and is an important channel.Existing gasifying biomass processing unit can be divided into two types of seven kinds of type of furnaces substantially, and the one, fixed bed comprises lower suction type fixed-bed gasification furnace, updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace, crossdraft fixed-bed gasification furnace, happy formula fixed-bed gasification furnace; The 2nd, fluidized-bed comprises single current bed gasification furnace, circle fluidized-bed gasification furnace, double-fluidized-bed vapourizing furnace.The above-mentioned type of furnace each has its scope of application, and fluidized-bed is adapted to powdery and fine-grannular raw material, and fixed bed is adapted to coarse and sheet, lumpy material.

One of their drawback is that the coal-tar middle oil content of the fuel gas of output is too high.The tar problem is to influence the bottleneck that these fuel gas use, and tar can stop up air delivering pipeline, stops up the sparking plug of mover or the fuel gas hole of burner, even the bonding cylinder, and generator and air feed equipment can't normally be moved.Therefore, above-mentioned fuel gas also need be removed the processing (abbreviating decoking usually as, down together) of tar.Existing decoking has wet type decoking and dry-type decoking, and what generally adopt is wet type decoking method.Wet type decoking method makes the cooling of fuel gas and spray water counter current contact in fact exactly in decoking equipment, the tar that boiling point is high is condensed sneaks in the spray water, and then these waste water are carried out tar separation and purification.This method facility investment is big, troublesome poeration, and labor condition is poor, and water consumption is many, and running cost is high, causes secondary pollution easily, is the one of the main reasons that biomass gasification technology is difficult to apply.Reflect this, many in the world countries are all carrying out dry dry-type decoking technological development, and the principle of employing is basic identical; It is catalytic pyrolysis; The catalyzer that uses has rhombspar, charcoal and nickel-base catalyst etc., nickel-base catalyst active high, temperature of reaction is low, but pollution and losing efficacy; And expensive lacks practicality; Rhombspar then needs quantity many, gets prior moulding, regenerates with the back, and will heat, and not only troublesome poeration also will increase energy consumption; Comparatively reasonably be to adopt charcoal to make catalyzer, the someone does overtesting, under the condition of 1050 ℃ of cracking temperatures; The decoking rate can reach 92% (" renewable energy source " 2005, № 5, p30～34.); But this method need be built a pyrolyzer specially, and investment is big, operation is long, and owing to charcoal in reaction process is not only catalysis; Self is also constantly consumed by gasification, and under 900～1000 ℃ of temperature, replenishing charcoal and deashing becomes new difficult point.

Two of their common shortcomings are when producing fuel gas, to produce charcoal or gac.This is because the characteristics of their technology and equipment itself determine that reason is that above-mentioned 7 kinds of type of furnaces all can't be confirmed the residence time of raw material in stove exactly, does not also take out the means or the device of pyrocarbon.

For fixed-bed gasification furnace, also have other significant disadvantages, that can enumerate has: the one, and the air-flow skewness of the bed of material in the stove, and then cause that the furnace temperature difference on the same level is big, so-called " burning partially " appears; The 2nd, the bed of material is easy to generate arch formation, needs manual work to disclose stove stove is normally moved, and operability significantly reduces.Because like this, single stove scale of fixed bed is difficult to enlarge, the stove of the maximum of having used at present, and its internal diameter is no more than 1.6 meters, and the gasification sectional area is no more than 2 square metres.

Summary of the invention

One of the object of the invention provides a kind of the gasification continuously and carries out simultaneously the equipment of dry-type decoking again, is referred to as " pipe row formula moving-bed gasification removes coke oven "; Two of purpose is to utilize this type of furnace not only to make fuel gas (calling combustion gas in the following text) but also by-product gac.The inventor thinks; Why high basic reason is because equipment limitation itself for existing fixed bed and fluidized bed gasifying process tar content; The cause that can not under enough high temperature, in stove, handle through the regular hour again the combustion gas that generates; The technology that only changes and equipment just can tackle the problem at its root, and Here it is adopt to move pool furnace, have not only made gasifying biomass but also have made the tar in the combustion gas of generation receive katalysis and cracking.Biomass material constantly adds from the top by certain speed; Meanwhile, air in certain amount is controlledly sent into or is sucked at the position of three different heights in upper, middle and lower; The high-temperature fuel gas that in stove, generates is drawn from being lower than the gas outlet of next air continuously; Reclaim sensible heat through the one-level indirect heat exchanger successively, secondary, three grades of indirect heat exchanger cooling and dry-type decoking device degree of depth decoking are sent into gas storage holder then; The solid carbon of gasification is not continuously taken out from the bottom by certain speed.

This stove can be single tube furnace of circular, square and arbitrary section, but after arriving to a certain degree owing to single tube stove cross section is big, air-flow just is difficult to be evenly distributed, thereby has limited its mass-producing application.The inventor has drawn the advantage of piling up the assembly type carbon activation furnace, through research trial repeatedly, has created the brand-new type of furnace " pipe row moving-bed gasification removes coke oven " that adapts to above-mentioned gasification decoking.This stove belongs to vertical gravity moving-bed; The furnace cradle that possesses except that existing vapourizing furnace, stove outer covering, thermal insulation layer and the furnace wall; Combustion chamber is set especially; This combustion chamber is piled up the reaction tubes (13) that is assembled into several rows of rows of proper alignment by the Idiotype refractory brick of some kinds of unique design, and it connects charcoal cooling tube (17) down, and charcoal cooling tube (17) below connects " the multiple spot continuous and quantitative goes out the charcoal device "; The outer periphery stove interior wall (3) of combustion chamber, the outer thermal insulation layer (2) that is with of stove interior wall (3), the periphery of thermal insulation layer (2) is stove outer covering (1); In the reaction tubes (13); Be followed successively by from top to bottom dryer section, in advance charing section, charing burning zone, reduction and gaseous section, fire just cold section of decoking section, charcoal again; Fire door (4) is as the one-level blast inlet; Between preparatory charing section and charing burning zone, reduction and gaseous section with fire between the decoking section again, be equipped with straight gas passage (12) and horizontal gas passage (11) between cold section at the beginning of firing decoking section and charcoal again, respectively with corresponding (10) three grades of blast inlets of secondary blast inlet (14), the mutual UNICOM of gas outlet (15).

During the stove operation, at first in stove, fill it up with charcoal, light the charcoal on fire door surface with firing tools again; Then start induced draft fan, because air sucks, charcoal burns more prosperous and more prosperous; Start " the multiple spot continuous and quantitative goes out the charcoal device ", charcoal relies on action of gravity to move down gradually in the stove in good time, burns red charcoal layer baking combustion chamber brick the interior temperature of stove is constantly raise; Meanwhile, fire door begins constantly to add the raw material wood chip, makes material level keep certain level.The wood chip of going into stove at first gets into dryer section, makes moisture evaporation after being heated, and then gets into temperature and is about 180～250 ℃ preparatory charing section, the beginning pyrolysis; There are some inflammable gass to discharge, mix the back with inhaled air and produce thermopositive reaction, the material temperature is further raise, when reaching 300 ℃; Begin main pyrolysis, produce the secondary air generation partial combustion of a large amount of inflammable gass and importing, make furnace temperature rise De Genggao, charing is more violent; This stage is called the charing burning zone, and in the bottom of this section, furnace temperature generally can reach and be controlled at 1000 ℃, under this temperature; Because the violent polycondensation aromizing of material organism, have a large amount of gas for example hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, water vapour and carbonic acid gas continue to be released out, along with constantly moving down of the bed of material and gas; Get into reduction and gaseous section, carbonic acid gas in the gas and water vapor again with scorching hot charcoal layer generation water-gas reaction, forming with hydrogen and carbon monoxide is more combustion gas of master; But, can have a small amount of " tar " and potential tar material (for example benzene homologue, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene etc.) in the combustion gas owing in the top thermal cracking processes, be accompanied by some pairs reaction; Because the water-gas reaction is thermo-negative reaction, the temperature of charcoal body drops to about 700 ℃ very soon, and these tar class materials are difficult to be decomposed in traditional type of furnace; Often discharge, in this type of furnace, import three grades of air again firing the decoking section again with combustion gas; When combustion gas continued to be displaced downwardly to this section, partial combustion took place in another, and furnace temperature and charcoal temperature are elevated to 1000 ℃ once more; The charcoal body has good catalytic activity under this temperature, makes tar and tar class material be cracked into lower-molecular substance rapidly, reaches the purpose of decoking.And, under this hot conditions, carbonic acid gas in the combustion gas and water vapor also can with charcoal body generation priming reaction, when continue generating carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the low and middle-grade gacs that the charcoal body become have certain adsorptive power.

See from the mode of decoking, the invention belongs to independent decoking in the stove, compare with mixing decoking in the existing stove, its advantage is not need extra catalyst, has got rid of the operation of interpolation, separation and regenerated catalyst; See that from the catalyzer that decoking uses the present invention belongs to charcoal catalysis decoking in the stove again, compare that its advantage is simplified apparatus, the saving energy and handled easily with the outer charcoal catalysis decoking separately of existing stove; The advantage that the present invention is bigger is environmental protection, compares with existing wet method decoking, owing to do not need spray, bubble-cap or Venturi gas washing, does not just have waste water and produces; It is the by-product gac that the present invention also has unique advantage, the existing gasification process and the type of furnace, and the solid materials of discharge normally has the lime-ash of carbon powder, and the present invention but can discharge gac continuously, and economy significantly improves.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 representes that the present invention gasifies except that the longitudinal diagram of coke oven along horizontal axis, and Fig. 2 representes the longitudinal diagram of this stove along the axis A-A in material road (19), but its left side partly scheme the combustion chamber part then represent along this stove directly to the sectional view of axis.In above-mentioned figure: discharger, (19) spiral discharging device, (20) star discharger are taken off in (1) stove outer covering, (2) thermal insulation layer, (3) stove interior wall, (4) fire door, (5) skewback brick, (6) straight plate brick, (7) duct brick, (8) swash plate brick, (9) transverse slat brick, (10) secondary blast inlet, (11) horizontal gas passage, (12) straight gas passage, (13) reaction tubes, (14) three grades of blast inlets, (15) gas outlet, (16) furnace cradle, (17) charcoal cooling tube, (18) commentaries on classics.

Fig. 3 is the stereographic map of straight plate brick (6), and Fig. 4 is that stereographic map, Fig. 5 of transverse slat brick (9) is that stereographic map, Fig. 6 of skewback brick (5) is that stereographic map, Fig. 7 of swash plate brick (8) is the stereographic map of duct brick (7).

In Fig. 1, Fig. 2, fine grid line section is represented Idiotype combustion chamber brick, dredges the mesh lines section and representes general fire brick, and pit shape section is represented thermal insulation layer.

Embodiment

Though the more than a kind of pattern of enforceable stove, proper is piles up " pipe row moving-bed gasification removes coke oven " that is assembled into combustion chamber like the special shape refractory brick of Fig. 1, usefulness unique design shown in Figure 2.The combustion chamber brick of this stove can use as Fig. 3,4,5,6, the straight plate brick (6) shown in 7, transverse slat brick (9), skewback brick (5), swash plate brick (8), duct brick (7) the Idiotype refractory brick of totally five kinds of unique design pile up and be assembled into several rows of rows of reaction tubes (13); The straight rectangular thick plate-like of plate brick (6); The upper side of its " long * thick " has a semicircle groove; The downside of " long * thick " has a semicircle fin, and two broadsides of the upper side of " long * wide " respectively have an arcuation lug, nib; The rectangular thick plate-like of transverse slat brick (9), the upper side of its " long * thick " has a semicircle groove, and the downside of " long * thick " has a semicircle fin, and respectively there is a semicircle groove two sides of " wide * thick "; The rectangular trapezoidal thick plate-like of swash plate brick (9); There is a semicircle groove side on its " long base * thick "; There is a semicircle lug, nib " short base * thick " side, and there are a semicircle lug, nib and a semicircle groove in " right angle waist * wide " side, and there is a semicircle groove " oblique waist * wide " side; The rectangular trapezoidal strip of skewback brick (5), there is a semicircle lug, nib its " long base * length " side near that side of oblique waist, and the side contains oblique waist that a semicircle lug, nib is respectively arranged in interior both sides " oblique waist * length "; Duct brick (7) is " pistol " shape strip, and it " robs mouth ", and there is a semicircle lug, nib side, and " robbing handle " outer side has a semicircle groove near " gun barrel " side; When building combustion chamber by laying bricks or stones, up begin the first layer from furnace cradle (16); Straight plate brick (6) is in a row placed, and transverse slat brick (9) is horizontal to be inserted between the adjacent straight plate brick (6) of two rows, and the groove of self side is blocked the fin that same row goes up adjacent two straight plate bricks (6) side; The second layer, skewback brick (5) is in a row placed, and swash plate brick (8) is horizontal to be inserted between the adjacent skewback brick (5) of two rows; And the groove of self side is blocked the fin that same row goes up adjacent two skewback bricks (5) side, and the 3rd layer, duct brick (7) is in a row placed; Transverse slat brick (9) is horizontal to be inserted between the adjacent duct brick (7) of two rows; And the groove of self side is blocked the fin that same row goes up adjacent two duct bricks (7) side, and the 4th layer is risen by above-mentioned masonry way and repeats 3～4 times, and each duct brick (7) is linked to be straight gas passage (12); The inner furnace wall core of tightly sitting around a fire; And with above-mentioned straight gas passage (12) same level face on be provided with and be no less than three grades of horizontal gas passages (11) that are communicated with these straight gas passages (12), and on the horizontal gas passage of secondary (11) be communicated with the blast inlet (10) of stove, the horizontal gas passage of next stage (11) is communicated with the gas outlet (14) of stove.

" multiple spot waits continuously and measures the charcoal device " that this stove connected is quite big to the operating influence of stove; So-called " multiple spot waits continuously and measures charcoal " is to make all equivalent and go out charcoal continuously simultaneously of each side reaction pipe; Must adopt special commentaries on classics to take off discharger (18), it connects spiral discharging device (19) and star discharger (20) down again.

Claims (3)

1. biomass moving-bed continuous gasification removes the equipment of tar simultaneously; It is characterized in that: pipe row formula moving-bed gasification removes coke oven; Combustion chamber is set in the stove; This combustion chamber is piled up the reaction tubes (13) that is assembled into several rows of rows of proper alignment by the Idiotype refractory brick of some kinds of unique design, and it connects charcoal cooling tube (17) down, and charcoal cooling tube (17) below connects " multiple spot waits continuously and measures the charcoal device "; In the reaction tubes (13), be followed successively by from top to bottom dryer section, in advance charing section, charing burning zone, reduction and gaseous section, fire just cold section of decoking section, charcoal again; Between preparatory charing section and charing burning zone, reduction and gaseous section with fire between the decoking section again, be equipped with straight gas passage (12) and horizontal gas passage (11) between cold section at the beginning of firing decoking section and charcoal again, respectively with corresponding secondary blast inlet (10), three grades of blast inlets (14), the mutual UNICOM of gas outlet (15).

2. biomass moving-bed continuous gasification according to claim 1 removes the equipment of tar simultaneously; It is characterized in that: the Idiotype refractory brick of unique design comprises straight plate brick (6), transverse slat brick (9), skewback brick (5), swash plate brick (8), duct brick (7); The straight rectangular thick plate-like of plate brick (6); The upper side of its " long * thick " has a semicircle groove, and the downside of " long * thick " has a semicircle fin, and two broadsides of the upper side of " long * wide " respectively have an arcuation lug, nib; The rectangular thick plate-like of transverse slat brick (9), the upper side of its " long * thick " has a semicircle groove, and the downside of " long * thick " has a semicircle fin, and respectively there is a semicircle groove two sides of " wide * thick "; The rectangular trapezoidal thick plate-like of swash plate brick (8); There is a semicircle groove side on its " long base * thick "; There is a semicircle lug, nib " short base * thick " side, and there are a semicircle lug, nib and a semicircle groove in " right angle waist * wide " side, and there is a semicircle groove " oblique waist * wide " side; The rectangular trapezoidal strip of skewback brick (5), there is a semicircle lug, nib its " long base * length " side near that side of oblique waist, and the side contains oblique waist that a semicircle lug, nib is respectively arranged in interior both sides " oblique waist * length "; Duct brick (7) is " pistol " shape strip, and there is a semicircle lug, nib its " muzzle " this side, and " robbing handle " outer side has a semicircle groove near " gun barrel " side; The first layer, straight plate brick (6) is in a row placed, and transverse slat brick (9) is horizontal to be inserted between the adjacent straight plate brick (6) of two rows; And the groove of self side is blocked the fin that same row goes up adjacent two straight plate bricks (6) side, the second layer, skewback brick (5) is in a row placed; Swash plate brick (8) is horizontal to be inserted between the adjacent skewback brick (5) of two rows; And the groove of self side is blocked the fin that same row goes up adjacent two skewback bricks (5) side, and the 3rd layer, duct brick (7) is in a row placed; Transverse slat brick (9) is horizontal to be inserted between the adjacent duct brick (7) of two rows; And the groove of self side is blocked the fin that same row goes up adjacent two duct bricks (7) side, and the 4th layer is risen by above-mentioned masonry way and repeats 3～4 times, and each duct brick (7) is linked to be straight gas passage (12); The inner furnace wall core of tightly sitting around a fire; And with above-mentioned straight gas passage (12) same level face on be provided with and be no less than three grades of horizontal gas passages (11) that are communicated with these straight gas passages (12), and on the horizontal gas passage of secondary (11) be communicated with the blast inlet (10) of stove, the horizontal gas passage of next stage (11) is communicated with the gas outlet (14) of stove.

3. biomass moving-bed continuous gasification according to claim 2 removes the equipment of tar simultaneously, it is characterized in that: " the multiple spot continuous and quantitative goes out the charcoal device " comprises commentaries on classics and takes off discharger (18), spiral discharging device (19) and star discharger (20).

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