CN201763419U - 喷射液体还原剂进入发动机排气的装置 - Google Patents

喷射液体还原剂进入发动机排气的装置 Download PDF

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CN201763419U
CN201763419U CN2009202674713U CN200920267471U CN201763419U CN 201763419 U CN201763419 U CN 201763419U CN 2009202674713 U CN2009202674713 U CN 2009202674713U CN 200920267471 U CN200920267471 U CN 200920267471U CN 201763419 U CN201763419 U CN 201763419U
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sparger
gas
exhaust
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M·勒万
J·凯勒
F·Z·谢赫
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Abstract

本实用新型公开了将液体还原剂喷射进入发动机排气的***。一个示例性***包含喷射器，其具有将液体还原剂喷射进入还原催化转化器上游的排气流的出口；位于喷射器上游的气体导向器，这里气体导向器配置用于在导向器上游生成高压区域以及在导向器下游围绕喷射器出口生成低压区域；配置用于从排气道转送一部分排气流的旁路流通道，该旁路流通道在导向器上游的高压区域内具有入口；以及与旁路流通道流体连通的集合器，该集合器具有一个或多个开口供排气的旁路部分流出集合器开口进入排气流以形成对液体还原剂喷雾的气体屏蔽。所形成的气体屏蔽用作减小接近喷射器出口的排气流再循环，从而减少液体还原剂沉积物的生成和积聚。

Description

喷射液体还原剂进入发动机排气的装置 
【技术领域】
本实用新型涉及喷射液体还原剂进入发动机排气的装置。 
【背景技术】
为了符合2010环境保护署(EPA)的氮氧化物(NOx)标准，在柴油发动机工程中行业广泛选择使用尿素选择性催化还原(Selective CatalyticReaction SCR)后处理技术。使用该技术时，尿素水溶液通常车载存储于尿素罐中并通过尿素喷射器喷射进入车辆排气中，在这里，所喷射的尿素分解成为氨(NH3)和二氧化碳(CO2)。所生成的氨随后在下游的SCR催化剂表面上被吸收，在这里其与排气中的NOx反应以转化为氮和水。 
尿素溶液通常以喷雾形式喷射进入车辆排气中。虽然使用了混合***以使绝大多数液滴通过空气传播，排气***的空间限制和发动机工况的组合可导致一些尿素液滴在尿素喷射器的表面和紧邻的排气道中形成沉积。这种沉积形成过程是不可逆的，导致尿素喷射器的堵塞，其将导致SCR后处理***的NOx转化效率劣化。在一些例子中，在紧邻排气道中的尿素沉积增加可导致发动机背压增加以及相应的发动机动力损失。 
在低速和中速排气流中，所喷射的尿素的较大液滴可停止在管道底部表面上，在这里会发生大量和快速的尿素沉积物积聚。(例如可见图1)。在中速和高速排气流中，快速蒸发直径逐渐减少的较小液滴可吹向顶部表面，在这里会发生沉积物生成。 
各种混合装置的使用已经成功地减少了顶部表面和底部表面的沉积物生成过程。而且，例如车辆运转时每10到30个小时发生的柴油微粒过滤器的阶段性再生(例如通过燃烧表面聚集的烟尘来清洁)会导致发动机运转从而使排气温度超过600℃可达12分钟。升高的排气温度可以从底部表面和顶部表面去除尿素沉积物。 
然而，这里实用新型人也认识到在排气管内的一些凹陷表面中仍可能倾向于使沉积物生成和积聚。这种现象的一个常见的例子是在定量喷射器凸起中。尿素定量喷射器无论安装于管道弯曲处或直的部分中，均可导致包含将喷射器保持在位的安装凸起。在管道面对排气一侧，凸起可具有空腔或凹陷，其使得喷射器位置稍微远离从而使喷射器尽可能少地暴露于高温中。接近空腔的排气流的流动方式可能改变从而使得可能发生气体再循环进入空腔(例如可见图2)。再循环的量可随着工况例如排气流以及温度、尿素定量给料率和环境温度而变化。接近空腔的排气再循环可增大尿素沉积物生成和积聚的趋向。 
【实用新型内容】
因此，在这里公开了将液体还原剂喷射进入发动机排气的***和方法用于解决上述问题。一个示例性***包含喷射器，其具有将液体还原剂喷射进入还原催化转化器上游的排气流的出口；位于喷射器上游的气体导向器，这里气体导向器配置用于在导向器上游生成高压区域以及在导向器下游围绕喷射器出口生成低压区域；配置用于从排气道转送一部分排气流的旁路流通道，该旁路流通道在导向器上游的高压区域内具有入口；以及与旁路流通道流体连通的集合器，该集合器具有一个或多个开口供排气的旁路部分流出集合器开口进入排气流以形成对液体还原剂喷雾的气体屏蔽。 
这样，气体导向器在旁路通道的入口所在的导向器的上游产生高压区域，且喷射器出口所在的导向器下游产生低压区域。由此形成了压力差使得将排气流的一部分转送通过旁路流通道以形成对液体还原剂喷雾的气体屏蔽。所形成的气体屏蔽也可用作减小接近喷射器出口的排气流再循环，例如在喷射器凸起空腔内，从而减少液体还原剂沉积物的生成和积聚。 
在一些例子中，气体导向器包含具有底面和一对连接底面的壁的凸缘，这里凸缘配置用于将一部分排气引导向旁路流通道。而且，集合器的一个或多个开口可环绕位于喷射器出口周围，其允许气体屏蔽形成为包围液体还原剂喷雾的环形气体屏蔽。 
在一些例子中，旁路流通道形成于用于将所述喷射器安装至排气道的壁上的安装凸缘和喷射器凸起之间。而且，可在安装凸缘中加工出槽用作旁路流通道。 
在一些例子中，导向器可包含连接至处于旁路流通道下游和喷射器上游的 排气道壁上的凸缘。 
在一些例子中，***可进一步包含位于喷射器下游的混合装置用于将所述液体还原剂喷雾与排气流相混合。 
在另一个实施例中，通过一种将液体还原剂喷射进入发动机排气流的方法可至少部分解决上诉问题，该方法包括：将液体还原剂通过喷射器喷射进入排气流中，在还原催化转化器上游的喷射位置喷射的液体还原剂用于减少排气中的NOx成分；将排气从喷射器上游通过旁路流通道转送；以及将转送的排气安排至喷射位置，这里所转送的排气和液体还原剂均进入排气流。这样，能够利用排气流来屏蔽喷射器从而减少沉积。 
这里发明人已经认识到上述问题、现象以及可能的解决方案。而且，应理解的是为了以简单的形式介绍本实用新型所选择的概念而提供上述实用新型内容，本实用新型将在具体实施方式中进一步详细介绍。这不意味着确定所保护的本实用新型主题的关键的或实质的特征，本实用新型的范围将由本申请的权利要求唯一地界定。而且，本实用新型的权利要求主题并不限于解决上文或本说明书任何部分所提及的任何不足的实施方式。 
【附图说明】
图1显示了在发动机排气道中发生尿素沉积物生成和积聚的示意图。 
图2显示了发生排气再循环进入安装凸起空腔中的示意图。 
图3显示了根据本实用新型的处理发动机排气的装置的实施例的示意图。 
图4显示了可用于图5中的装置的用于将液体还原剂喷射进入发动机排气的装置的实施例的横截面视图。 
图5为图6中的装置的立体图。 
图6显示了装置的分解立体图。 
图7显示了图6中的安装凸缘的仰视图。 
图8显示了在管道弯曲处安装至安装凸起的尿素喷射器的示意图。 
图9显示了在管道直部分处安装至安全感凸起的尿素喷射器的示意图。 
图10为根据本实用新型将液体还原剂喷射进入发动机排气的示例方法的流程图。 
【具体实施方式】
图3显示了根据本实用新型用于处理发动机12排气的装置10的实施例的示意图。装置10可包括连接至发动机12的排气道14的液体还原剂喷射器总成16。该液体还原剂喷射器总成16可配置用于将液体还原剂例如液体尿素溶液喷射进入发动机排气。 
该液体还原剂喷射器总成16可位于发动机12的排气道14中排放控制装置18的上游位置处。该排放控制装置18可例如为去除发动机排气中的NOx成分的SCR催化剂。液体还原剂喷射器总成16的细节参考图3-7作了描述。 
装置10可包含连接至多个传感器22(例如温度传感器、氧气传感器、NOx传感器、压力传感器以及流速表)的控制器20用于监测各种发动机工况。控制器20也可连接至各种驱动器24，例如各种发动机阀门和节气门，用于控制发动机运转。应理解的是发动机12可为可采用装置10来处理发动机排气的任何适合的发动机，例如柴油发动机。 
在一些例子中，装置10也包含混合装置26(如图8和9所示)用于将液体还原剂喷雾与发动机排气相混合。该装置10可进一步包含集中装置28(如图8和9所示)用于在排气道14中将液体还原剂集中以使液体还原剂喷雾与发动机排气获得更好的混合。在一个例子中，集中装置28可为喷雾集中格栅或使用成角度的百叶板。 
图3-7为图5中的液体还原剂喷射器总成16的各个视图。如图4所示，喷射器总成16可包含液体还原剂喷射器30，其具有用于喷射液体还原剂的喷射器出口32，以及用于将喷射器30安装至排气道14的喷射器凸起33。喷射的液体还原剂可为喷雾形式。喷射器凸起33可形成凹陷，在该例中显示为在排气道14的壁上的喷射器凸起空腔34。液体还原剂喷射器30可安装于管道弯曲处或在直管部分内，并可以各种方式在排气道14内形成角度。 
喷射器总成16可进一步包括排气旁路通道36，其具有入口40和出口42用于转送排气流的一部分，以及用于使排气流偏转离开喷射器凸起空腔34和喷射器出口处32的气体导向器38。 
气体导向器38可安装于排气道14的壁上。气体导向器38可包括配置用 于将一部分排气导向至排气旁路通道36的入口40的凸缘41(见图5)。凸缘41可包含底面43和一对侧壁44。气体导向器38可朝向引入的排气流成角度。气体导向器38可刚好在排气旁路通道36的入口上游处连接至排气道14。 
将气体导向器38置于排气道14内可相对于位于气体导向器38下游并围绕喷射器出口32和液体还原剂喷雾的低压区域45在气体导向器38的上游生成高压区域39。在高压区域39和低压区域45之间的压力差可将一部分排气驱动进入排气旁路通道36的入口40并流过排气旁路通道36以生成环绕液体还原剂喷雾的气体屏蔽。 
排气旁路通道36可为在其出口42处连接至集合器46。集合器46可包含一个或多个开口48以允许排气的旁路部分流出集合器开口48进入排气流从而形成气体屏蔽(见图6)。在一些例子中，一个或多个开口48可包含围着喷射器出口32环绕分布的6到9个开口，以便于通过旁路排气流流出集合器开口48形成围绕液体还原剂喷雾的环形气体屏蔽。此外，旁路排气流流出集合器开口可以总体上对准平行于还原剂喷射且与之对齐的方向。 
在一些例子中，排气旁路通道36可成型于喷射器凸起33和喷射器凸起凸缘51之间。可在喷射器凸起凸缘51焊接至喷射器凸起33之前在其上加工有槽49以用作排气旁路通道36的路径(见图7)。 
这样，排气的一部分可转向并环绕液体还原剂喷雾形成气体屏蔽以防止液体还原剂喷雾在突起空腔内和接近喷射器出口32处的再循环。由此，可以减少液体还原剂沉积物在喷射器凸起空腔34内和排气道14中的生成和积聚。 
这样，在一个例子中，***可运转以通过还原催化转化器上游的喷射位置处的喷射器30将液体还原剂喷射进入排气流用于还原排气中的NOx成分。此外，排气可从排气流自喷射器上游某处转向离开并随后通过旁路流通道，在这里转向的排气传送至喷射位置。随后，在喷射位置处，转向的排气和液体还原剂均进入排气流。虽然本例子显示了排气通过关于排气道成角度的导向器板转向，也可使用其它各种转向装置来形成压力差，例如伯努利型皮托管(bournulli-styled pitot tube)。此外，虽然这些例子显示了喷射位置包括由成角度的喷射凸起配置形成的凹陷空腔，该方法也可应用于喷射器处于关于 排气道垂直安装位置的***。最后，虽然该例子显示了排气道中的集合器具有多个围着喷射位置环绕分布并从入口40分开的平行气流通道，也可使用单个不分支的旁路通道。 
图10为根据本实用新型将液体还原剂喷射进入发动机排气的示例性方法100的流程图。该方法可使用参考图5-9的装置10实施。方法100可包含：在102处使用具有出口的喷射器将液体还原剂喷射进入还原催化转化器的排气流用于减少排气中的NOx成分。 
在104处，方法可包含使用位于喷射器上游的气体导向器来在导向器上游生成高压区域，并在导向器的下游以及环绕喷射器出口生成低压区域。 
在106处，方法可包含将一部分排气通过旁路流通道转送从而为液体还原剂喷雾形成气体屏蔽，该旁路流通道具有在高压区域的入口。 
在108处，方法可包含使用喷雾集中装置以将液体还原剂喷雾集中于排气中。 
在110处，方法可包含使用混合装置来将液体尿素喷雾与排气相混合。 
应理解的是这里所公开的装置和程序实质上为示例，且这些具体实施例不应视为限制，因为可能有各种变化。例如，上述技术可应用于V-6，I-4，I-6，V-12以及其它发动机类型。本实用新型的主题包含这里公开的各种***与配置、和其它特征、功能和/或特性的各种具备新颖性和非显而易见性的组合与子组合。 
本文的权利要求特别指出了认为具有新颖性和非显而易见性的特定组合与子组合。这些权利要求可能采用“一个”要件或“第一”要件及其等同语。应理解这些权利要求可包含一个或多个此类要件，并非必须也不排除两个或多个此类要件。所公开的各种特征、功能和/或特性的其它的组合与子组合可通过本实用新型的修正或通过该申请或相关申请的新的权利要求主张。这些权利要求无论更宽、更窄、相同或不同于原始的权利要求，也应认为包含在本实用新型的主题之中。 

Claims (11)

1.用于将液体还原剂喷射进入发动机排气的装置，其特征在于包含：
喷射器，喷射器用于将液体还原剂喷射进入还原催化转化器上游的所述排气的出口；
位于所述喷射器上游的气体导向器，其中所述气体导向器配置用于在导向器的上游生成较高压区域，并在导向器的下游围绕所述喷射器出口生成较低压区域；
配置用于将排气的一部分从排气道转送的旁路流通道，所述旁路流通道具有在所述导向器上游的较高压区域内的入口；以及
与所述旁路流通道流体连通的集合器，所述集合器具有一个或多个开口以允许所述排气旁路部分流出所述集合器的开口进入所述排气流从而为所述液体还原剂喷雾形成气体屏蔽。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于所述液体还原剂为液体尿素溶液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于所述集合器配置用于使得所述旁路排气流能够以与所述液体还原剂喷雾的方向对齐的方向流出所述喷射器开口。
4.根据权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于所述集合器的一个或多个开口围着所述喷射器出口环绕分布，且所形成的所述气体屏蔽为围绕所述液体还原剂喷雾的环形气体屏蔽。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置，其特征在于所述一个或多个开口包含6至9个围着所述喷射器出口环绕分布的孔。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于所述旁路流通道形成于喷射器凸起和用于将所述喷射器安装至所述排气道的壁上的安装凸缘之间。 
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于在所述安装凸缘上加工有槽以形成所述旁路流通道。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于所述导向器包含连接至处于所述旁路流通道下游和喷射器上游的排气道壁上的凸缘。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于所述气体导向器朝向所述排气流成角度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于所述凸缘包含底面和连接至所述底面的一对侧壁，其中所述凸缘配置用于将一部分排气流导向至所述排气流旁路通道的入口。
11.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于进一步包含位于所述喷射器下游的混合装置用于将所述液体还原剂喷雾与排气流相混合。 
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