CN201706508U - Garbage incinerator with roller grate - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a roller-type garbage incinerator and belongs to garbage incineration equipment and a garbage incineration process which are used in the solid waste processing technology. A roller grate is used as a combustion apparatus and is combined with a water wall furnace, a superheater, an economizer, an air preheater and the like to form a process and a device thereof for processing garbage and recovering heat of the garbage. The roller grate is characterized in that the front end of the roller grate is provided with a preheating drying grid which can sufficiently preheat and dry the garbage and is favorable to complete combustion of the garbage on the roller grate. The roller grate is divided into a drying combustion section and a burning-out section. The drying combustion section is slantingly arranged in a step shape. The burning-out section is horizontally arranged. The side wall of the furnace is provided with an oxygen-enriched air nozzle. The garbage incinerator can fill oxygen-enriched air into the furnace by the oxygen-enriched air nozzle to carry out combustion supporting so as to improve garbage combustion temperature according to conditions such as garbage heat value, moisture content and the like.

Description

A kind of roller fire grate garbage incinerator

Technical field

The present invention relates to combustion apparatus, relate in particular to a kind of roller fire grate garbage incinerator and preheating combustion method thereof of urban domestic garbage incinerator.

Background technology

Over nearly 20 years, China's rapid economic development, city size constantly enlarges, and urbanization process is swift and violent.According to statistics, China's urban population ratio by 1991 27% be increased to 2005 43%, city quantity was by 353 657 of being increased to 2005 in 1986.Along with expansion, the urban population of urbanization process and scale increases, the opening in market, the change of residents consumption pattern and the development of tourist industry, the generation and the accumulating amount of municipal refuse increase year by year, 2005, the house refuse amount of clearing has reached 1.56 hundred million tons, it is predicted, to the year two thousand thirty, the refuse collection amount of China will reach 1.85～2.03 hundred million tons.In the past, China's garbage disposal is based on landfill, because growth in the living standard, particularly big city, combustion gas enters family, and the combustible component in the rubbish progressively improves, thereby " subtracting capacity " big incinerating method is progressively developed.

Waste incineration is a kind of good method of handling solid waste, its objective is by burning to realize waste reductionization, resource, innoxious.The type of furnace that is used for waste incineration has grate furnace, rotary kiln, recirculating fluidized bed, pyrolysis oven etc.First urban domestic garbage incinerator was built in the Nottingham city of Britain in 1874, first industrialization garbage incinerating power plant of China was built in the Shenzhen in 1988, day is handled 300 tons of domestic wastes, is 2 150 tons of/day incinerators, and its technology and equipment is introduced from the Mitsubishi heavy industry.Because the support of national industrial policies and the development of incineration technology, the construction quantity increase of China's garbage burning factory is very fast, and incineration treatment of garbage presents the impetus of rapid growth in China.The burning facility of the garbage incinerating power plant that China's major part is built up is by external introduction, for example, Shenzhen environmental sanitation integrated treatment factory, Guangzhou Li Keng incineration plant adopt the incinerator of MIT, Tianjin Dual dock, Beijing Gao Antun etc. adopt day incinerator of Honda bear company, the dump grate incinerator of the western Gus of use company such as Suzhou, Changshu, Harbin garbage incinerating power plant, Taiyuan garbage burning factory adopt the fluidized bed refuse incinerator etc. that circles round of the weak former company of Japan.

The exploitation of the garbage incineration technology of China starts from early 1990s, burn the field at recirculating fluidized bed, through years of researches, obtained very big achievement, domestic a lot of R﹠D institutions have released the circulating fluid bed garbage technology of technical characterictic separately of representing.For example, Beijing is towards coming heat supply factory, agronomy garden, Changchun garbage incinerating power plant etc. to adopt the compound rubbish incineration technology of grate firing-fluidisation of Tsing-Hua University; Garbage burning factories such as Zhejiang Jiaxing, Pengzhou, Sichuan have adopted the garbage incineration technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Incineration plant such as Qiaosi, Hangzhou, Heze, Shandong have adopted the different weight fluidized-bed garbage incineration technology of Zhejiang University.At the characteristics of present domestic crude waste and the technical barrier that exists of waste incineration aspect both at home and abroad, state, inside and outsidely all actively carrying on technical development.Grate firing and fluidized bed combustion are two kinds of main waste incineration modes, compare with fluidization, and the grate firing technology is ripe, and low to the preliminary treatment requirement of rubbish, the lime-ash burn decrement rate height after the burning is had relatively high expectations to the calorific value of rubbish; And the fluidization exploitation is later, and high to the preliminary treatment and the deslagging requirement of rubbish, the hot burn decrement rate of lime-ash is low, the efficiency of combustion height, and suitability of fuel is strong, and environmental pollution is little.The more important thing is that to high-moisture, the waste of low heating value of China, combustion-supporting if the grate firing technology is not thrown oil, disposal of pollutants is very high, if throw oil then operating cost is quite high, less economical.

The incineration technology that exploitation is fit to China's municipal refuse high-moisture, low heat value characteristics is to promote the important measures that incinerating method is applied to garbage disposal.For solving the dry problem of rubbish, Chinese patent (CN 1164628A) discloses a kind of method of burning low-calorie rubbish, adopts the method for fire grate drying and fluidized bed combustion combination.For improving the ignition temperature of rubbish, Chinese patent (publication number: CN 101029727A) operating mode a kind of rubbish fire grate high temperature mixing grate firing incinerating method and device thereof, adopt HTAC and blender to improve the burning effect of waste of low heating value, but because the lower and complicated component of the calorific value of rubbish own is difficult to the temperature by suitable device raising preheated air.(ZL 03126962.1, and ZL 200520045674.X CN1521448A) discloses the method and apparatus that fire grate is burnt away the refuse, and its fire grate has adopted a large amount of movable furnace grate plates, the maintenance difficulty for Chinese patent.The cost that adopts drum grate can reduce maintenance, safeguard, and help incinerator process stirring to rubbish.The inventor had once invented a kind of drum-type incinerator (ZL 00254043.6), the burning problem of high-moisture rubbish that this has installed successful solution, but the preheating section of rubbish is subjected to the restriction of fire grate longitudinal length still sufficient inadequately, and the low-calorie waste incineration temperature of burning is on the low side.Other inventors have also proposed similar patent, Chinese patent (ZL 00227154.0) discloses a kind of half cylinder staged garbage incinerator grates and has had the few advantage of moving component, but owing to there is a most static grate surface, rubbish on fire grate move and to stir effect bad.Chinese patent (ZL 02216740.4) discloses a kind of swing discaling roll formula grate incinerator, but its cylinder is just swing, has weakened the stir effect of cylinder to rubbish.Chinese patent (CN 101008490A) discloses a kind of revolution fire grate, and good sealing effect can solve the problem of leaking out, but the bottom of its fire grate is provided with air preheater, and the axle of cylinder is in the thermal environment, easy deformation, influence operation.Chinese patent (ZL 01277503.7) discloses a kind of efficient high temperature rolling fire grate, adopts " carrying roller " driving " roller ", and the shortcoming of this fire grate is that two slits between the roller are big, easy jam when burning rubbish.Chinese patent (94105722.4), European patent (94105827.3), international monopoly (WO96/29539) disclose the drum-type fire grate that is used for combustion apparatus application number:, cylinder adopts and is arranged in parallel, to rubbish to stir effect bad.At China's rubbish high-moisture, low-calorie situation, prior art exist before dryer section deficiency, the burning drying garbage insufficient, stir deficiency and defectives such as weak effect, ignition temperature are low.

The utility model content

The purpose of this utility model be to overcome before conventional garbage incineration technology dryer section deficiency, the burning drying garbage insufficient, stir defective such as weak effect, a kind of roller fire grate garbage incinerator and preheating combustion method thereof are provided, the rubbish that this incinerator is low for calorific value, moisture is high has excellent adaptability, can be with the abundant after-flame of house refuse, thus the disposal of pollutants of combustion process reduced.

The utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of drum grate formula incinerator contains refuse hopper, drum grate, burner hearth, combustion chamber, jamb, face arch, rear arch, overfire air jet, first passage, second channel, third channel and furnace wall cooling; Described drum grate is made of a plurality of cylinder group, and drum grate is divided into drying and burning section and after-flame section, and each cylinder group drives respectively by transmission device; Described drying and burning section is in tilted layout, and the after-flame section is horizontally disposed; Wind separating bin air compartment of each cylinder group configuration, it is characterized in that: described drum grate formula incinerator also comprises dry grid, these drying grid are positioned at the top of garbage inlet of combustion chamber and the below of face arch, and the plane at dry grid place and the angle γ of perpendicular are 0～15 °, described dry grid are made up of dry bank tube, and dry bank tube links to each other with described furnace wall cooling by collection case, liaison tube.

Technical characterictic of the present utility model also is: the containment member that adopts " dumbbell " type between the cylinder of cylinder group inside and the cylinder.

The angle of inclination beta of described drying and burning section and horizontal direction is 5～15 °, and becomes stepped arrangement.

The another technical characterictic of the utility model is: the oxygen-enriched air nozzle is set on described jamb, and this oxygen-enriched air nozzle is positioned at the below of overfire air jet.Described oxygen-enriched air nozzle is " one " word and arranges, and nozzle line and horizontal direction angle α are 5～15 °.

The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and beneficial effect: owing to be provided with dry grid, rubbish is carried out drying in advance, help stablizing incineration firing; Adopt the fire grate ladder to arrange, strengthened the effect of stirring of rubbish; The part infeeds oxygen enrichment, has improved the ignition temperature of rubbish, effectively reduces disposal of pollutants.Adopt the waste incineration of present technique, can the Chinese low heat value of efficient and cost-effective ground burning, the rubbish of high-moisture, have broad application prospects.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of roller fire grate garbage incinerator provided by the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the structure and the annexation schematic diagram of dry grid involved in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of drum grate involved in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the T shape hermetically-sealed construction between adjacent two cylinder group.

Fig. 5 is the cylinder group internal cylinder of drum grate involved in the present invention and the sealing schematic diagram between the cylinder.

Fig. 6 is a wind wind distributing hole schematic diagram (a is the drum grate surface development, and b is the cross section of drum grate, and c is the front elevation of cylinder) of drum grate involved in the present invention.

Fig. 7 is an oxygen enrichment nozzle exit area schematic diagram involved in the present invention.

Among the figure: 1-after-flame section; Wind separating bin air compartment of 2-; 3-drying and burning section; The 4-material-pulling device; 5-rubbish; The dry grid of 6-; The 7-liaison tube; The 8-face arch; The 9-auxiliary burner; The 10-refuse hopper; 11-oxygen-enriched air nozzle; 12-refractory material top; The 13-down-comer; The 14-burner hearth; The 15-furnace wall cooling; The 16-drum; The 17-saturated steam pipe; 18-carbonated drink fairlead; The 19-first passage; The 20-second channel; The 21-third channel; The 22-garbage inlet; The 23-economizer; The 24-superheater; The 25-air preheater; The 26-jamb; 27-burner hearth adiabatic section; The 28-overfire air jet; The 29-rear arch; The 30-start-up burner; The 31-drum grate; The 32-combustion chamber; The 33-cylinder; The 34-cylinder group; Wind airduct of 36-; Seal top board between the 41-cylinder group; The 42-pull bar; The 43-guide pipe; The 44-spring; The 45-fixture; 48-dumb-bell shape containment member; T type sealing between the 49-cylinder group; 50-ladder step; Primary air nozzle on the 51-cylinder; The 52-spoke; The 53-annular shaft; The 54-axle; The 57-transmission device; The 61-header; The dry bank tube of 62-; The 63-influent header; The 65-radiant heat; 71-oxygen enrichment spout row's center line; The center line of 72-drying and burning section fire grate.

The specific embodiment

Describe concrete structure of the present invention, operation principle and embodiment in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of roller fire grate garbage incinerator provided by the present invention, contains refuse hopper 10, drum grate 31, burner hearth 14, combustion chamber 32, jamb 26, face arch 8, rear arch 29, overfire air jet 28, first passage 19, second channel 20, third channel 21, furnace wall cooling 15.Drum grate 31 comprises some cylinder group 34, and each cylinder group is formed (referring to Fig. 3) by 3～5 cylinders 33.Each cylinder group 34 drives respectively by transmission device 57.Drum grate 31 is divided into drying and burning section 3 and after-flame section 1 two parts according to residing position.Drying and burning section 3 is positioned at the front portion of drum grate 31, is in tilted layout, and after-flame section 1 is positioned at the rear portion of drum grate, and is horizontally disposed.Wind separating bin air compartment 2 of each cylinder group 34 configuration, cylinder 33 is made of cylinder axle 54, spoke 52, transmission device 57.In order to prolong drying process, below the face arch 8 with above the combustion chamber garbage inlet 22 dry grid 6 are being set, Fig. 2 is the structure and the annexation schematic diagram of dry grid provided by the present invention.Dry grid are arranged by dry bank tube 62 and are constituted, and dry bank tube is connected with described furnace wall cooling 15 by collection case 61, liaison tube 7.Steam water interface in the dry bank tube plays cooling and protective effect to dry bank tube.The plane at dry grid 6 places and the angle γ of perpendicular are 0～15 °, dry grid are equivalent to " hedge " between burner hearth 14, combustion chamber 22 and refuse hopper 10, rubbish 5 is above the drum grate that enters drying and burning section 3 time, just seen through the hyperthermia radiation heat 65 that dry grid 6 have absorbed burner hearth and combustion chamber, thereby in advance rubbish 5 has been carried out drying, had long, dry advantage fully drying time than common layer combustion refuse incinerator.Cylinder 33 adopts cylinder axle 54 to support, and adopts annular shaft 53 transmissions.In each cylinder group 34 inside, adopt the containment member 48 (referring to Fig. 5) of dumb-bell shape between adjacent two cylinders 33, hole adopts T shape hermetically-sealed construction 49 (referring to Fig. 4) between adjacent two cylinder group, T shape hermetically-sealed construction 49 is made of sealing top board 41, pull bar 42, guide pipe 43, spring 44 and fixture 45 between the cylinder group, is convenient to like this install, overhauls and safeguards.The angle of inclination beta of center line 72 and horizontal direction of drying and burning section fire grate that is positioned at the drying and burning section 3 of drum grate front portion is 5～15 °, and between adjacent two cylinder group ladder step 50 is arranged, cylinder group be ladder-like arranged (referring to Fig. 3).Face arch 8, rear arch 29, burner hearth adiabatic section 27 are built by laying bricks or stones by refractory material and are formed, and in order to keep higher ignition temperature, refractory material is poured into the refractory material top 12 that is positioned on the overfire air jet 28 along furnace height.Arrange row's oxygen-enriched air nozzle 11 on jamb 26, Fig. 7 is an oxygen enrichment nozzle exit area schematic diagram.This oxygen-enriched air nozzle is positioned at the bottom of overfire air jet 28.The oxygen-enriched air spout 11 that is positioned on the burner hearth side wall 26 is arranged on the straight line 71, and this straight line 71 remains on 5～15 ° with the angle α of horizontal direction.Oxygen-enriched air is O ₂Content is greater than 21% combustion-supporting gas.It is combustion-supporting that combustion-supporting gas sprays into incinerator burner hearth 14 by oxygen-enriched air nozzle 11, can improve adiabatic combustion temperature greatly, accelerates burning velocity, promotes the decomposition of harmful substances such as dioxin.In incinerator burner hearth 14, first passage 19, second channel 20, flue gas is based on radiation heat transfer, and wall is arranged radiation heating-surface.Arrange in the second channel and arrange convection heating surfaces such as economizer 23 and air preheater 25 in superheater 24, the third channel.

The operation method of this incinerator is as follows:

Dry grid 6 are the one group of fence that is made of dry bank tube 62, feeding cooling medium (being generally water or steam water interface) in it cools off dry grid, distance between each dry bank tube is advisable with the overall dimensions less than rubbish, and generally the distance between each dry bank tube is 30～50cm.Rubbish in the refuse hopper falls under gravity into the space before the dry grid, be deposited in dry grid before.Rubbish 5 in the refuse hopper 10 falls under gravity into space before the dry grid 6, be deposited in dry grid before.Rubbish 5 is subjected to the baking of the high-temperature flue gas in burner hearth 14 and the combustion chamber 32 on the one hand, on the other hand, rear arch 29 is by the rubbish 5 of radiation with the dry grid of heat transferred back, rubbish 5 is heated and dry.Because the existence of dry grid 6, the grate furnace that does not have dry grid that its preheating and drying time ratio is common will be grown drying time.The dry rubbish of crossing before dry grid 6, be admitted on the drum grate 31 by material-pulling device 4, at first enter the drying and burning section 3 of drum grate, on the drying and burning section fire grate 3 that ladder is arranged, finish rubbish and continue processes such as drying, pyrolysis, burning, remain unburnt rubbish then and enter horizontally disposed burn-out grate section 1, and then realize fully burning.Uniform in the radial direction a plurality of primary air nozzle slit spouts 51 (referring to Fig. 6) at cylinder.The heat that the high-temperature flue gas that blows from the fire grate rear carries, the radiant heat of chimney arch and from the hot-air of cylinder primary air nozzle 51 ejections etc. rubbish to be heated up dry, dried rubbish and suitable position ignition, burning on fire grate after a wind mixes.Because the calorific value of rubbish is low, calorific value itself that depend merely on is difficult to abundant after-flame, even perhaps burning, ignition temperature is low, easily produces hypertoxic harmful substance (such as dioxin etc.).Thereby, in burner hearth, infeed oxygen-enriched air by oxygen-enriched air nozzle 11 to low-calorie rubbish, to improve ignition temperature and burning velocity.Be provided with auxiliary booster burners 9 below the oxygen-enriched air nozzle, under the low especially situation of refuse thermal value, it is combustion-supporting to drop into auxiliary fuels such as gas, liquid.The adding of oxygen-enriched air and the input of auxiliary fuel can guarantee that the rubbish that no matter burns which kind of calorific value can both keep normal ignition temperature, and be higher than 850 ℃, make the rubbish after-flame, reduce the discharging of pollutants such as CO, organic compound.By oxygen-enriched combusting and control ignition temperature, also can improve the discharging of NOx.Combustion air temperature is directly proportional with the moisture content of rubbish, is inversely proportional to refuse thermal value.The quality percentage composition that surpasses 5000kJ/kg or moisture for refuse thermal value is less than 50%, and preheated air temperature is between 150 ℃～200 ℃ during operation.The quality percentage composition of being less than or equal to 5000kJ/kg or moisture for refuse thermal value is more than or equal to 50%, and preheated air temperature is at 200 ℃～200 ℃.In order to reduce operating cost, the oxygen content that sprays into the oxygen-enriched air of burner hearth should be controlled at 23%～31%, and oxygen concentration is too high, and the cost of system oxygen rises, and oxygen concentration is too low, and combustion efficiency is bad.Be lower than the rubbish inferior especially of 3200kJ/kg for incinerating combustion value, in the burning zone air compartment, feed oxygen enrichment percentage according to (3200/Q _{Ar, net, p}) * 21% calculates.For example the refuse thermal value in the present embodiment has only 2500kJ/kg, and then the oxygen-enriched air oxygen content is (3200/2500) * 21%=26.9%, and is desirable 27%, when the oxygen-enriched air oxygen content of calculating surpasses 31%, gets 31%.When incinerator starts, can rubbish be ignited by start-up burner 30.

Furnace wall cooling 15, drum 16, carbonated drink fairlead 18, down-comer 13 etc. constitute the carbonated drink natural convection loop, and the saturated vapor that produces is drawn by saturated steam pipe 17, and it is overheated to send in the superheater 24, form the steam that can be used for generating electricity or heat usefulness.

Claims (5)

1. drum grate formula incinerator, contain refuse hopper (10), drum grate (31), burner hearth (14), combustion chamber (32), jamb (26), face arch (8), rear arch (29), overfire air jet (28), first passage (19), second channel (20), third channel (21) and furnace wall cooling (15), described drum grate (31) is made of a plurality of cylinder group (34), drum grate (31) is divided into drying and burning section (3) and after-flame section (1), and each cylinder group (34) drives respectively by transmission device (57); Described drying and burning section (3) is in tilted layout, and after-flame section (1) is horizontally disposed; Each cylinder group configuration wind separating bin air compartment (2), it is characterized in that: described drum grate formula incinerator also comprises dry grid (6), these drying grid are positioned at the top of garbage inlet (22) of combustion chamber and the below of face arch (8), and the plane at dry grid place and the angle γ of perpendicular are 0～15 °, described dry grid (6) are made up of dry bank tube (62), and dry bank tube links to each other with described furnace wall cooling (15) by collection case (61), liaison tube (7).

2. a kind of drum grate formula incinerator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the containment member (48) that adopts " dumbbell " type between cylinder that cylinder group (34) is inner and the cylinder.

3. a kind of drum grate formula incinerator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described drying and burning section (3) is 5～15 ° with the angle of inclination beta of horizontal direction, and becomes stepped arrangement.

4. a kind of drum grate formula incinerator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: oxygen-enriched air nozzle (11) is set on described jamb (26), and this oxygen-enriched air nozzle is positioned at the below of overfire air jet (28).

5. a kind of drum grate formula incinerator according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described oxygen-enriched air nozzle is " one " word and arranges, and nozzle line and horizontal direction angle α are 5～15 °.

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