CN1969084A - 同步退浆与煮炼的方法 - Google Patents
同步退浆与煮炼的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1969084A CN1969084A CNA2005800197023A CN200580019702A CN1969084A CN 1969084 A CN1969084 A CN 1969084A CN A2005800197023 A CNA2005800197023 A CN A2005800197023A CN 200580019702 A CN200580019702 A CN 200580019702A CN 1969084 A CN1969084 A CN 1969084A
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Abstract
本发明涉及将含淀粉或淀粉衍生物的上浆织物进行同步退浆和煮炼的方法,该方法包括用碱性α-淀粉酶和碱性煮炼酶处理织物。本发明还涉及含有碱性α-淀粉酶和碱性煮炼酶的组合物。
Description
序列表参考
本申请含有序列表形式的信息,该信息附在本申请之后,并也在数据载体上随同本申请一同提交。该数据载体的内容全部并入本文作为参考。
发明领域
本发明涉及将上浆织物(sized fabric)进行同步退浆和煮炼(simultaneouslydesizing and scouring)的方法。本发明也涉及适用于本发明的方法的组合物。
发明背景
在纺织加工工业中,传统上使用α-淀粉酶作为退浆过程中的助剂,以促进在纺织过程中作为纱线(yarn)上的保护涂层的含淀粉浆料的去除。纺织之后彻底去除浆料涂层对于确保后续过程(其中所述织物通常被煮炼、漂白、染色和/或印制)中的最佳效果是至关重要的。酶法淀粉分解是优选的,因为它不对织物材料产生任何有害的作用。为了减少加工成本同时增加产量,有时将退浆过程与煮炼步骤结合。
WO 95/21417建议将对氧化作用稳定的α-淀粉酶用于上浆织物的同步退浆与煮炼。
然而,人们期待提供进一步改进的同步退浆与煮炼的方法。
发明内容
本发明旨在提出一种改进的同步退浆与煮炼的方法。
在第一个方面,本发明涉及将含淀粉或淀粉衍生物的上浆织物进行同步退浆与煮炼的方法,其包括用碱性α-淀粉酶和碱性煮炼酶对织物进行处理。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“织物”包括服装(garment)、纤维、纱线以及其他种类的加工织物。织物可以由纤维通过机织(weaving)、针织(knitting)或非织造操作(non-woven operation)获得。机织和针织需以纱线为输入物(input),而非织造物则是纤维随机连接的结果(纸可被认为是一种非织造物)。
机织物(woven fabric)是通过在织机(loom)上沿纵轴向方向伸展的经纱(warp yarn)之间编织“纬纱(filling)”或者纬纱(weft yarn)而编制的。为了润滑和防止在编织过程中纬纱高速***时的磨损,经纱在编织之前必须上浆。纬纱可以以“一上一下(over one-under the next)”的形式(平织),或者以“一上两下(over one-under two)”的形式(斜织)或以其他无数种排列方式编织穿过经纱。强度(strength)、质地(texture)和式样(pattern)都并不仅仅与纱线的类型/质量相关,而且也与编织的类型有关。一般来说,外套(dress)、衬衫、裤子、被单、毛巾、帷幕(drapery)等都是由机织物制成的。
针织法通过将连锁的(interlocking)纱线圈连接在一起而形成织物。与由两类纱线织成并含有许多线头(end)的机织物相反,针织物是由单股连续的纱线织成的。从织法上讲,有许多种不同的方式将纱线圈结起来,而最终织物的特性则同时取决于纱线和针织的类型。内衣,毛线衫(sweater),袜子,运动衫,汗衫(sweat shirt)等都是由针织物制成的。
非织造物是通过机械的、热力的、化学的或者溶剂介导的方法将纤维和丝线连接和/或联锁而制成的织物片。得到的产物可以是网状结构、层状或者薄膜状。具体的例子有:一次性婴儿尿布、毛巾、擦拭物(wiper)、外科手术服(surgical gown)、“环境友好”型纤维、过滤介质、寝具(bedding)、屋顶材料、双向织物的背衬(backing for two-dimensional fabrics)和许多其他产品。
根据本发明,所述的方法可以应用于本领域已知的任何织物(机织物、针织物、或非织造物)。具体地,本发明的方法可应用于含有纤维素的织物或纤维素织物,如棉、粘胶(viscose)、人造纤维(rayon)、苎麻(ramie)、亚麻(linen)、绿色纤维(lyocell)(例如:Courtaulds Fibers生产的天丝(Tencel)),或者这些纤维中任一种与合成纤维(如:聚酯、聚酰胺、尼龙)或者其他天然纤维如毛和丝的混纺物(blend),例如粘胶/棉混纺物、绿色纤维/棉混纺物,粘胶/毛混纺物、绿色纤维/羊毛混纺物、棉/毛混纺物;以及亚麻(flax)(亚麻制品(linen))、苎麻和其他基于纤维素纤维的织物,包括所有的纤维素纤维与其他纤维如毛、聚酰胺、丙烯酸系(丙烯腈系,acrylic)和聚酯纤维的混纺物,例如粘胶/棉/聚酯的混纺物、毛/棉/聚酯的混纺物、亚麻/棉的混纺物等等。这种方法也可用于合成纺织品,例如分别由基本上100%聚酯、聚酰胺、或尼龙组成的合成纺织品。术语“毛(wool)”指的是任何商业上有用的动物毛织品,例如由绵羊(sheep)、骆驼、兔子、山羊、美洲驼(llama)和众所周知的美利奴羊毛(merinowool)、设得兰羊毛(Shetland wool)、开士米羊毛(cashmere wool)、阿尔帕卡毛(alpaca wool)、马海毛(mohair)等制成的毛织品;还包括毛纤维和动物毛。本发明的方法可以应用于毛织物或以毛条(top)、纤维、纱线、或机织或针织物形式存在的动物毛材料。
本发明方法中所使用的碱性α-淀粉酶,可优选为细菌来源的,例如尤其是由芽孢杆菌的菌株衍生而来的。
本发明方法中所使用的碱性煮炼酶可为选自碱性果胶酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶、或者它们的混合物的酶。
根据本发明,在同步退浆和煮炼过程中,当最适pH为7以上,优选8以上,尤其是9以上,例如pH7-11之间,如pH8-11之间,或pH9-11之间时,酶是“碱性”的。
术语“退浆”可以以通常方式来理解,即从织物,如机织物中的经纱降解和/或去除上浆剂(sizing agent)。
术语“煮炼”也可以以通常方式来理解,即去除织物上的非纤维素材料,如油脂(grease)、蜡(wax)、蛋白质、半纤维素材料、果胶、灰分、污垢和油。
术语“同步”是指退浆和煮炼在单一的操作步骤中进行。它的优点是不再需要进行通常在独立进行的退浆和煮炼步骤之间的实施的洗涤、漂洗和其他处理等操作。因此,待用于每个处理过程中的水、能源需求以及对于不同设备的需求大大地减少。根据优选的实施方案,本发明的方法是在单一浴槽(single bath)中进行的。煮炼酶可以先于、同时或者在退浆酶之后加入。
术语“含淀粉或淀粉衍生物的织物”是指任何类型的织物,尤其是由含纤维素的材料制成的机织织物,其含有淀粉或淀粉衍生物。这些织物通常是由棉、粘胶、亚麻等制成的。存在于织物上的淀粉或淀粉衍生物的主要部分通常是编织前涂覆在纱线,通常为经纱上的浆料。
即使在有关本发明的方法中没有特别提及,但可以理解的是以“有效量”使用酶或试剂。术语“有效量”是指与未经所述酶处理的织物相比,能够达到预期效果,即,将织物退浆和煮炼的碱性α-淀粉酶和碱性煮炼酶的量。
在第二个方面,本发明涉及适用于同步退浆与煮炼过程的一种组合物,其包含碱性α-淀粉酶和碱性煮炼酶。
发明详述
本发明旨在提出一种同步退浆与煮炼的方法。根据本发明,可以在将所述织物退浆时进行煮炼。本发明的方法可使用传统的上浆/退浆设备如轧染***(pad system)、J-盒(J-box)、喷射机(jet)、卷染机(jigger)等进行,不需要任何额外的处理设备。该操作可以通过使用碱性α-淀粉酶和碱性煮炼酶的组合对织物进行同步处理来完成。发明人发现,除了通过进行同步退浆和煮炼获得的优点(参见上文)之外,也获得其他一些优点。实例包括以下一种或多种:减少酶的使用,改进退浆,改进果胶去除,提高润湿性(wettability),提高白度(whiteness),改进织物的处理,提高织物的光滑度,减少起球(pilling)。支持本发明的实验结果显示于实例1-13之后的表1中。
机织物是织物结构的普遍形式。机织过程要求对经纱“上浆”以保护其免于磨损。淀粉(改性和未改性的)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、蜡和丙烯酸类粘合剂、及其混合物是通常使用的上浆剂的实例。根据本发明,上浆剂可以是基于淀粉或基于淀粉衍生物的上浆剂,但也可以包含一种或多种非基于淀粉或基于淀粉衍生物的上浆剂。纺织后,必须去除上浆剂作为制备机织物品的第一步。
此外,织物纤维包含天然的非纤维素杂质,这些杂质必须在进行后续加工步骤,如漂白、染色、印制以及整理(finishing)之前去除掉。煮炼去除了大量天然的非纤维素杂质,尤其包括角质层(cuticle)(主要由蜡组成)和原细胞壁(primary cell wall)(主要由果胶、蛋白质和木葡聚糖(xyloglucan)组成)。为了获得高的润湿性(其作为获得良好染色的量度),适当的蜡去除是必需的。对原细胞壁(尤其是果胶)的去除改进了蜡去除并确保更均匀的染色,此外这改进了漂白处理过程中的白度。另外,煮炼能去除污物(dirt)、土(soil)和制造过程中引入的残留物如纺纱(spinning)、络筒(coning)或上浆剂。
本发明的方法
根据本发明的方法,将绳状或者平幅(open width)形式的上浆织物与处理液体(如:处理溶剂)进行接触。在所述浆料(除了基于淀粉或基于淀粉衍生物的上浆剂之外)含有聚乙烯醇或羧甲基纤维素的情况下,优选用热水、表面活性剂和温和的碱来实施本发明的方法。
根据本发明,退浆和煮炼同时且在常规的纺织物退浆的条件下进行。
因此,在第一个方面,本发明涉及一种将含淀粉或淀粉衍生物的上浆织物进行同步退浆和煮炼的方法,该方法包括用碱性α-淀粉酶和碱性煮炼酶来处理织物。
根据本发明,将上浆织物用水、碱性α-淀粉酶和碱性煮炼酶(如下文进一步详细描述)的组合进行处理,优选与一种或几种试剂组合,所述试剂包括稳定剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂、分散剂、螯合剂和乳化剂以及它们的混合物。使上浆织物在处理液体中停留足够长的一段“保持时间(holding period)”以完成退浆和煮炼。所述保持时间取决于处理工艺(processing regime)的类型和温度,并可从15分钟到2个小时变化,或在一些情况下为几天。
处理工艺可为间歇地或连续地使平幅状或绳状的织物接触处理液流。
连续的操作通常使用饱和器(saturator),其中将大约等重量的每织物重量的处理液体施用于织物,然后是加热滞留室(heated dwell chamber),其中发生化学反应。然后洗涤部分准备好织物用于下一个加工步骤。为了确保高的白度或较好的润湿性,以及得到的可染性,必须彻底去除退浆和煮炼酶,以及其他的试剂。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的方法是在温度大约100℃,如90-100℃,pH为7-11,进行5-30分钟的连续方法。
分批处理通常在一个处理浴槽,即单一浴槽中进行,其中将织物与大约是其自身重量8-15倍的处理液体接触。反应期之后,排出处理液体,将织物漂洗并开始下一个处理步骤。非连续的PB处理(即,浸轧-堆放回苏处理(pad-batch process))涉及饱和器,其中使大约相等重量的每织物重量的处理液体施用于织物,然后是停留期,其在CPB处理(即,冷浸轧-堆放回苏处理)的情况下可为一天或几天。例如,CPB处理可以在20-40℃、pH为7-11,优选大约8-9.5进行8-24个小时或更长时间。此外,PB处理过程可在50-85℃,pH为7-11,优选8-9.5进行1-6个小时。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合的退浆和煮炼方法可以使用碱性α-淀粉酶和碱性煮炼酶以及强碱,如氢氧化钠,或者相关的苛性试剂,如碳酸钠、氢氧化钾、或它们的混合物,在本领域已知的用于退浆和煮炼的条件下进行。
目前,商业的用于退浆的α-淀粉酶,例如AQUAZYMTM 120 L(Novozymes A/S,丹麦),建议的浓度在大约180-240KNU/L的范围内,其相当于大约180-240KNU/kg织物。根据本发明,这个浓度是可以降低的。
在一个优选的实施方案中,碱性α-淀粉酶以0.05-150KNU/L处理溶液,优选1-100KNU/L处理溶液,尤其是2-20KNU/L处理溶液或0.05-150KNU/kg织物,优选1-100KNU/kg织物,尤其是2-20KNU/kg织物的浓度存在。
此外,商业的用于煮炼的果胶酶,如SCOURZYMETM L(Novozymes A/S,丹麦),建议的浓度在大约1500-1875APSU/L的范围内,其相当于大约1500-1875APSU/kg织物。根据本发明,这个浓度是可以降低的。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所述的果胶酶是果胶酸裂合酶,其以1-1,500APSU/kg织物,优选10-1,200APSU/kg织物,尤其是100-1,000APSU/kg织物范围内的浓度存在。
洗涤剂
通常,将一种碱稳定性的表面活性剂加入处理过程以增强疏水性化合物的溶解(solubilization)和/或避免其再沉积(redeposition)回织物上。在本发明上下文中,洗涤剂与表面活性剂是同义的,它具体可为非离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂和半极性表面活性剂,或者它们的混合物。
表面活性剂通常以0.1-60重量%的水平存在于本发明的组合物中。
优选将表面活性剂配制以与组合物中的酶成分兼容。在液体或凝胶组合物中,最优选将表面活性剂以促进,或者至少不会降低这些组合物中任何酶的稳定性的方式进行配制。
根据本发明,待使用的优选的体系包含如本文所述非离子和/或阴离子表面活性剂的一种或多种作为表面活性剂。
烷基酚的聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷和聚环氧丁烷缩聚物都适合用作本发明表面活性剂体系中的非离子表面活性剂,其中优选聚环氧乙烷缩聚物。这些化合物包括烷基酚与烯烃氧化物(alkylene oxide)的缩聚物,所述烷基酚具有包含大约6至大约14个碳原子,优选大约8至大约14个碳原子的以直链或支链结构存在的烷基。在一个优选的实施方案中,环氧乙烷以等于大约2至大约25摩尔,更优选大约3至大约15摩尔环氧乙烷/摩尔烷基酚的量存在。
商业上可得的这类非离子表面活性剂包括GAF Corporation销售的IgepalTM CO-630;和均由Rohm & Haas Company销售的TritonTM X-45,X-114,X-100和X-102。这些表面活性剂通常被称为烷基酚烷氧基化物(alkylphenol alkoxylate)(如,烷基酚乙氧基化物)。
脂肪伯醇和仲醇与大约1至大约25摩尔环氧乙烷的缩聚产物适合用作非离子表面活性剂体系中的非离子表面活性剂。脂肪醇的烷基链可为直链或支链,可为伯醇或仲醇,并通常含有大约8至大约22个碳原子。优选的是醇与大约2至大约10摩尔环氧乙烷/摩尔醇的缩聚产物,所述的醇具有包含大约8至大约20个,优选大约10至大约18个碳原子的烷基。所述的缩聚产物中存在大约2至大约7摩尔环氧乙烷,并最优选2至5摩尔环氧乙烷/摩尔醇。商业上可得的这类非离子表面活性剂的实例包括均由美国联合碳化物公司(Union Carbide Corporation)销售的TergitolTM 15-S-9(C11-C15直链醇与9摩尔环氧乙烷的缩聚物),TergitolTM 24-L-6NMW(C12-C14伯醇与6摩尔环氧乙烷的缩聚产物其具有窄的分子量分分布);由壳牌化学公司(Shell ChemicalCompany)销售的NeodolTM 45-9(C14-C15直链醇与9摩尔环氧乙烷的缩聚物),NeodolTM 23-3(C12-C13直链醇与3.0摩尔环氧乙烷的缩聚物),NeodolTM 45-7(C14-C15直链醇与7摩尔环氧乙烷的缩聚物),NeodolTM 45-5(C14-C15直链醇与5摩尔环氧乙烷的缩聚物);由宝洁公司(Proctor & Gamble Company)销售的KyroTM EOB(C13-C15醇与9摩尔环氧乙烷的缩聚物);和由Hoechst销售的Genapol LA 050(C12-C14醇与5摩尔环氧乙烷的缩聚物)。在这些产品中HLB的优选范围是8-11,并最优选8-10。
也用作表面活性剂体系中的非离子表面活性剂的是美国专利No.4,565,647中公开的烷基多糖(alkylpolysaccharide),其具有含有大约6至大约30个,优选大约10至大约16个碳原子和一个多糖例如多聚糖苷的疏水基团,含有大约1.3至大约10个,优选大约1.3至大约3个,最优选大约1.3至大约2.7个糖单元(saccharide unit)的亲水基团。可以使用任何含有5或6个碳原子的还原糖类如葡萄糖、半乳糖,而且半乳糖基部分可以被葡萄糖基部分取代(与葡萄糖苷或半乳糖苷相反,疏水基团任选地连接于2-,3-,4-等位置,从而得到葡萄糖或者半乳糖)。糖间键可以位于如附加糖单元的一个位置与先前糖单元上的2-,3-,4-和/或6-位置之间。
优选的烷基聚糖苷具有下式:
R2O(CnH2nO)t(糖苷)x
其中R2选自烷基、烷基苯基、羟基烷基、羟基烷基苯基以及它们的混合物,其中所述烷基含有大约10至大约18个,优选大约12至大约14个碳原子;n为2或3,优选2;t为0至大约10,优选0;x为大约1.3至大约10,优选大约1.3至大约3,最优选大约1.3至大约2.7。糖基优选来自葡萄糖。为了制备这些化合物,首先形成醇或烷基聚乙氧基醇,然后使其与葡萄糖或葡萄糖的来源反应以形成葡萄糖苷(连接在1-位置)。随后可将附加糖基单元连接在它们的1-位置与先前糖基单元的2-、3-、4-和/或6-位置,主要优选2-位置之间。
通过将环氧丙烷与丙二醇缩聚形成的含有疏水物质的环氧乙烷缩聚产物也适于用作附加的非离子表面活性剂体系。这些化合物的疏水部分优选具有大约1500至大约1800的分子量,并且表现水不溶性。将聚氧乙烯部分添加至此疏水部分旨在增加分子作为整体的水溶性,并且当聚氧乙烯含量为大约缩聚产物总重量的50%时,其相当于与多至大约40摩尔的环氧乙烷缩聚,直到此时仍能保持产品的液体特征。这类化合物的实例包括BASF销售的某些商业上可得到的PluronicTM表面活性剂。
也适合用作非离子表面活性剂体系中的非离子表面活性剂的是环氧丙烷和乙二胺(ethylenediamine)的反应产物与环氧乙烷的缩聚产物。这些化合物的疏水部分由乙二胺与过量环氧丙烷反应的产物组成,并通常具有大约2500至大约3000的分子量。该疏水部分与环氧乙烷缩聚至一定程度以使缩聚产物含有大约40%至大约80重量%的聚氧乙烯,并具有大约5000至大约11000的分子量。这类非离子表面活性剂的实例包括BASF销售的某些商业上可得到的TetronicTM化合物。
优选用作表面活性剂体系中的非离子表面活性剂的是烷基酚的聚环氧乙烷缩聚物,脂肪族伯醇和仲醇与大约1至大约25摩尔环氧乙烷、烷基聚糖及其混合物的缩聚产物。最优选的是含有3至15个乙氧基的C8-C14烷基酚乙氧基化物和含有2-10个乙氧基的C8-C18(优选平均C10)醇乙氧基化物,以及它们的混合物。
非常优选的非离子表面活性剂是下式的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺表面活性剂:
其中R1是H,或R1是C1-4烃基,2-羟乙基,2-羟丙基或者它们混合物;R2是C5-31烃基;和Z是具有线性烃基链的多羟基烃基或者其烷氧基衍生物,所述线性烃基链具有至少3个与该链直接连接的羟基。优选地,R1是甲基,R2是直链(straight)C11-15烷基或者C16-18烷基或烯基链如椰子烷基,或者它们的混合物,和Z是在还原胺化(reductive amination)反应中由还原糖如葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖或乳糖得到的。
非常优选的阴离子表面活性剂包括烷基烷氧基硫酸盐表面活性剂。其例子为式RO(A)mSO3M的水溶性盐或酸,其中R是未取代的C10-C24烷基或者具有C10-C24烷基组分的羟基烷基,优选C12-C20烷基或者羟基烷基,更优选C12-C18烷基或者羟基烷基;A是乙氧基或者丙氧基单元;m大于0,通常为大约0.5-大约6,更优选大约0.5-大约3;M是H或者阳离子,其可为例如金属阳离子(例如钠、钾、锂、钙、镁等)、铵或取代的铵阳离子。这里也包括烷基乙氧基硫酸盐以及烷基丙氧基硫酸盐。取代的铵阳离子的具体实例包括甲基-、二甲基、三甲基-铵阳离子和季铵阳离子,如四甲基铵和二甲基哌啶(dimethyl piperidinium)阳离子以及那些衍生自烷基胺的物质,如乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺以及它们的混合物等。代表性的表面活性剂为C12-C18烷基聚乙氧基化物(1.0)硫酸盐(C12-C18E(1.0)M),C12-C18烷基聚乙氧基化物(2.25)硫酸盐(C12-C18(2.25)M),C12-C18烷基聚乙氧基化物(3.0)硫酸盐(C12-C18E(3.0)M),和C12-C18烷基聚乙氧基化物(4.0)硫酸盐(C12-C18E(4.0)M),其中M方便地选自钠和钾。
待用的适合的阴离子表面活性剂为烷基酯磺酸盐表面活性剂,其包括C8-C20羧酸(即,脂肪酸)的线性酯,其根据“The Journal ofthe American OilChemists Society,52(1975),pp.323-329”用气态SO3磺化。适合的起始材料包括如由动物脂(tallow)、棕榈油等得到的天然脂肪物质。
优选的烷基酯磺酸盐表面活性剂包括以下结构式的烷基酯磺酸盐表面活性剂:
其中R3是C8-C20烃基,优选烷基,或者它们的组合;R4是C1-C6烃基,优选烷基,或者它们的组合;而M是与烷基酯磺酸盐形成水溶性盐的阳离子。适合的成盐阳离子包括金属如钠、钾和锂,以及取代的或未取代的铵阳离子,如单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺。优选地,R3是C10-C16烷基,R4是甲基、乙基或异丙基。尤其优选的是甲基酯磺酸盐,其中R3是C10-C16烷基。
其他适合的阴离子表面活性剂包括烷基硫酸盐表面活性剂,其为式ROSO3M的水溶性盐或酸,其中R优选为C10-C24烃基,优选具有C10-C20烷基部分的烷基或羟基烷基,更优选C12-C18烷基或羟基烷基,而M为H或阳离子,例如碱金属阳离子(例如钠、钾、锂),或铵盐或取代的铵(如甲基-、二甲基-、三甲基铵阳离子和季铵阳离子,如四甲基铵和二甲基哌啶阳离子,以及来自烷基铵,如乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺,以及它们的混合物的季铵盐阳离子等)。通常,较低洗涤温度(如大约50℃以下)优选C12-C16的烷基链,而较高洗涤温度(如大约50℃以上)优选C16-C18的烷基链。
用于洗涤目的的其他阴离子表面活性剂包括皂类(soap)的盐(其包括,例如,钠、钾、铵和取代铵盐,如单乙醇、二乙醇和三乙醇胺盐),C8-C22伯烷或仲烷磺酸盐,C8-C24烯烃磺酸盐,通过磺化碱土金属柠檬酸盐的热解(pyrolyzed)产物而制得的磺化聚羧酸,如英国专利1,082,179说明书中描述的,C8-C24烷基聚乙二醇醚硫酸盐(其含有多至10摩尔的环氧乙烷);烷基丙三醇磺酸盐,脂肪酰丙三醇磺酸盐,脂肪油酰丙三醇硫酸盐,烷基酚环氧乙烷醚硫酸盐,石蜡磺酸盐,烷基磷酸盐,羟乙基磺酸盐(isethionate)如酰基羟乙基磺酸盐,N-酰基牛磺酸盐,烷基琥珀酰胺酸盐(alkyl succinamate)和磺基琥珀酸盐(sulfosuccinate),磺基琥珀酸盐的单酯(尤其是饱和和不饱和的C12-C18单酯)和磺基琥珀酸盐的二酯(尤其是饱和和不饱和的C6-C12二酯),酰基肌氨酸盐(acyl sarcosinate),烷基聚糖硫酸盐如烷基聚葡萄糖苷硫酸盐(该非离子非硫酸化的化合物在下面描述),支链伯烷基硫酸盐,以及烷基聚乙氧基羧酸盐如式RO(CH2CH2O)k-CH2COO-M+中的那些,其中R是C8-C22烷基,k为1至10的一个整数,而M为成可溶性盐的阳离子。树脂酸(resin acid)和氢化的树脂酸也是适合的,如松香(rosin)、氢化松香,以及存在于或来自妥尔油(tall oil)的树脂酸和氢化的树脂酸。
非常优选的是烷基苯磺酸盐。尤其优选的是线性(直链)烷基苯磺酸盐(LAS),其中烷基优选含有10-18个碳原子。
″Surface Active Agents and Detergents″(Vol.I and II by Schwartz,Perrryand Berch)中描述了其他实例。美国专利No.3,929,678(第23栏第58行至第29栏第23行,在本文中并入作为参考)中也一般地公开了大量这样的表面活性剂。
当包含在其中时,本发明的组合物通常包含大约1%至大约40%,优选大约3%至大约20重量%的所述阴离子表面活性剂。
除了本文已经描述的那些之外,本发明的组合物也可包含阳离子、两性(ampholytic)、两性离子(zwitterionic)和半极性(semi-polar)表面活性剂,以及非离子和/或阴离子表面活性剂。
适用于本发明的组合物的阳离子清洁(detersive)表面活性剂是那些含有一个长链烃基的化合物。这类阳离子表面活性剂的实例包括铵表面活性剂,如烷基三甲基铵卤化物以及具有下式的那些表面活性剂:
[R2(OR3)y][R4(OR3)y]2R5N+X-
其中R2是烷基或烷基链中具有大约8至大约18个碳原子的烷基苯基;每个R3选自:-CH2CH2-,-CH2CH(CH3)-,-CH2CH(CH2OH)-,-CH2CH2CH2-,以及它们的混合物;每个R4选自C1-C4烷基,C1-C4羟基烷基,通过将两个R4基团连接形成的苄环结构、-CH2CHOHCHOHCOR6CHOHCH2OH,其中R6是任何己糖或分子量低于大约1000的己糖聚合物,以及氢(当y不等于0时);R5与R4相同或者是烷基链,其中的碳原子总数或者R2加R5不超过大约18;每个y为大约0至大约10,而y值的和为0至大约15;且X是任何适合的阴离子。
非常优选的阳离子表面活性剂是适用于本组合物的水溶性季铵化合物,其具有下式:
R1R2R3R4N+X-(i)
其中R1是C8-C16烷基,R2、R3和R4中每个独立地为C1-C4烷基、C1-C4羟基烷基、苄基和-(C2H40)xH,其中的x具有2-5的值且X是一种阴离子。R2、R3或R4中至多一个为苄基。
R1优选的烷基链长度为C12-C15,尤其是其中烷基为来自椰子或棕榈核脂肪的链长的混合物,或者是通过烯烃构建(olefin build up)或OXO醇合成而合成得到的。
R2、R3和R4的优选基团是甲基和羟基乙基,并且阴离子X可以选自卤化物、甲基硫酸盐(methosulphate)、醋酸盐和磷酸盐离子。
适用于本发明的式(i)的季铵化合物的实例为:
椰子三甲基氯化铵或椰子三甲基溴化铵;
椰子甲基二羟基乙基氯化铵或椰子甲基二羟基乙基溴化铵;
癸基三甲基氯化铵;
癸基二甲基羟基乙基氯化铵或癸基二甲基羟基乙基溴化铵;
C12-15二甲基羟乙基氯化铵或C12-15二甲基羟乙基溴化铵;
椰子二甲基羟基乙基氯化铵或椰子二甲基羟基乙基溴化铵;
十四烷基三甲基铵甲基硫酸盐;
十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵或十二烷二甲基苄基溴化铵;
二烷基咪唑啉(di-alkyl imidazoline)[式(i)的化合物]。
美国专利No.4,228,044和EP 000 224中还描述了其他用于本发明的阳离子表面活性剂。
当包含在其中时,本发明的组合物通常包含0.2%至大约25%,优选大约1%至大约8重量%的所述阳离子表面活性剂。
两性表面活性剂也适用于本发明的组合物。可将这些表面活性剂广泛地描述为仲胺或叔胺的脂肪族衍生物,或者杂环仲胺或叔胺的脂肪族衍生物,其中脂肪族基团可以是直链或支链。这些脂肪族取代基中的一个包含至少大约8个碳原子,通常为大约8至大约18个碳原子,而且至少一个含有一个水增溶的阴离子基团,如羧基、磺酸根、硫酸根。两性表面活性剂的实例,请参见美国专利No.3,929,678(19栏,第18-35行)。
当包含在其中时,本发明的组合物通常包含0.2%至大约15%,优选大约1%至大约10重量%的所述两性表面活性剂。
两性离子表面活性剂也适用于本发明组合物。可将这些表面活性剂广泛地描述为仲胺或叔胺的衍生物,杂环仲胺或叔胺的衍生物,或者季铵、季鏻(quaternary phosphonium)或叔锍(tertiary sulfonium)化合物的衍生物。两性离子表面活性剂的实例,请参见美国专利No.3,929,678(19栏38行到22栏48行)。
当包含在其中时,本发明的组合物通常包含0.2%至大约15%,优选大约1%至大约10重量%的所述两性离子表面活性剂。
半极性非离子表面活性剂是特殊类别的非离子表面活性剂,其包括水溶性氧化胺(amine oxide),其含有一个大约10至大约18个碳原子的烷基部分和两个选自含有大约1至大约3个碳原子的烷基和羟基烷基的部分;水溶性氧化膦(phosphine oxide),其含有一个大约10至大约18个碳原子的烷基部分和两个选自含有大约1至大约3个碳原子的烷基和羟基烷基的部分;和水溶性亚砜(sulfoxide),其含有一个大约10至大约18个碳原子的烷基部分和一个选自含有大约1至大约3个碳原子的烷基和羟基烷基的部分。
半极性非离子洗涤剂表面活性剂包括具有下式的氧化胺表面活性剂:
其中R3是含有大约8至大约22个碳原子的烷基、羟基烷基、或烷基苄基或者它们的混合物;R4是含有大约2至大约3个碳原子的亚烷基(alkylene)或羟基亚烷基或者它们的混合物;x是0至大约3;而每个R5是含有大约1至大约3个碳原子的烷基或羟基烷基,或含有大约1至大约3个环氧乙烷基团的聚环氧乙烷基团。R5基团可以,例如通过氧原子或氮原子彼此连接以形成环状结构。
这些氧化胺表面活性剂具体包括含有C10-C18烷基二甲基氧化胺和C8-C12烷氧基乙基二羟基乙基氧化胺。
当包含在其中时,本发明的组合物通常包含0.2%至大约15%,优选大约1%至大约10重量%的所述半极性非离子表面活性剂。
酶
淀粉酶
根据本发明,可以使用任何的碱性α-淀粉酶。在本发明上下文中,当最适pH在同步退浆和煮炼时存在的条件下大于7,优选大于8,尤其是大于9时,淀粉酶为“碱性”。
适宜的α-淀粉酶包括细菌或真菌来源的那些。包括化学修饰或基因修饰的突变株(变体)。优选的碱性α-淀粉酶来自芽孢杆菌属的菌株,例如地衣芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌或者其他的芽孢杆菌,如芽孢杆菌NCIB 12289,NCIB 12512,NCIB 12513,DSM 9375,DSMZ no.12649,KSM AP1378(WO 97/00324),KSM K36或KSM K38(EP1,022,334)。优选的是WO 95/26397中分别如SEQ ID NOS.1和2(即,本文的SEQ ID NO:4)公开的芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶,WO 00/60060中如序列SEQ IDNO:2(即,本文的SEQ ID NO:6)公开的α-淀粉酶,以及由tsukamoto等,Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,Vol.151,pp.25-31(1988)公开的#707α-淀粉酶。
商业上可得的碱性α-淀粉酶产品或者含有α-淀粉酶的产品包括以下列商品名出售的产品:NATALASETM,STAINZYMETM(Novozymes A/S),BIOAMYLASE-D(G),BIOAMYLASETM L(Biocon India Ltd.),KEMZYMTM AT9000(Biozym Ges.m.b.H,瑞士),PURASTARTM ST,PURASTARTM HPAmL,PURAFECTTM OxAm,RAPIDASETM TEX(Genencor Int.Inc,美国),KAM(KAO,日本)
在本发明的具体实施方案中,碱性α-淀粉酶是具有SEQ ID NO:4的氨基酸序列的α-淀粉酶,或具有SEQ ID NO:6的氨基酸序列的α-淀粉酶,或者与SEQ ID NO:4或SEQ ID NO:6中的任何一个序列相比,具有至少60%,优选至少70%,更优选至少80%,还更优选至少90%,如至少95%,至少96%,至少97%,至少98%或者至少99%的同一性程度的α-淀粉酶
为了本发明的目的,通过Clustal方法(Higgins,1989,CABIOS 5:151-153),使用LASERGENETM MEGALIGNTM软件(DNASTAR,Inc.,Madison,WI)以及同一性表格和以下多重比对参数(multiple alignment parameter)来测定两种氨基酸序列之间的同一性程度:缺口罚分(Gap penalty)为10,和缺口长度罚分(gap length penalty)为10。配对比对参数(Pairwise alignment parameter)为:Ktuple=1,缺口罚分=3,窗口(windows)=5和对角线(diago-nals)=5]。
在优选的实施方案中,亲代α-淀粉酶在D183和G184位置具有一个或多个缺失,优选其中所述的α-淀粉酶变体还在N195F(使用SEQ ID NO:4编号)位置具有一个取代。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,亲代α-淀粉酶具有一个或多个如下的缺失/取代:Delta(R8l-G182);Delta(D183-G184);Delta(D183-G184)+N195F;R181Q+N445Q+K446N;Delta(D183-G184)+R181Q,Delta(D183-G184)和一个或多个如下的取代:R118K,N195F,R320K,R458K,尤其是其中变体具有如下突变:Delta(D183+G184)+R118K+N195F+R320K+R458K(使用SEQ ID NO:6编号)。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,碱性α-淀粉酶是SEQ ID NO:6所示的α-淀粉酶,其还包含一个或多个如下的取代:M9L,M202L,V214T,M323T,M382Y,E345R,或者具有所有下列取代的A560α-淀粉酶:M9L,M202L,V214T,M323T,M382Y或M9L,M202L,V214T,M323T和E345R。
在本发明的方法的实施方案中,碱性α-淀粉酶可优选地以0.05-150KNU/L处理溶液,优选1-100KNU/L处理溶液,尤其是2-20KNU/L处理溶液或者0.05-150KNU/kg织物,优选1-100KNU/kg织物,尤其是2-20KNU/kg织物的浓度存在。
碱性煮炼酶
根据本发明,可以使用任何碱性煮炼酶。该碱性煮炼酶可为选自果胶酶,纤维素酶,脂肪酶,蛋白酶,木葡聚糖酶,角质酶及其混合物的碱性酶。在本发明上下文中,当最适pH在同步退浆和煮炼过程中存在的条件下大于7,优选大于8,尤其是大于9时,煮炼酶为“碱性”。
在优选的实施方案中,碱性果胶酶是果胶酸裂合酶、果胶裂和酶(pectinelyase)、聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonase)、或者聚半乳糖醛酸裂合酶(polygalacturonate 1yase)。
果胺酶
术语“果胶酶”旨在包括任何碱性果胶酶。果胶酶是一组水解主要为聚-1,4-α-D-半乳糖醛酸苷及其衍生物的果胶物质中的糖苷键的酶(参见Sakai等发表在Advances in Applied Microbiology,Vol.39,pp.213-294(1993)上的Pectin,pectinase and propectinase:production,properties and applications-文),该酶被理解为包括成熟蛋白质或其前体形式,或其基本上具有全长酶的活性的功能片断。此外,术语果胶酶旨在包括这些酶的同源物或类似物。
优选地,碱性果胶酶是通过反式消去(transelimination)催化果胶酸(也称为聚半乳糖醛酸)中α-1,4-糖苷键的随机断裂的酶,例如聚半乳糖醛酸裂合酶类(EC 4.2.2.2)(PGL),也称为聚(1,4-α-D-半乳糖醛酸苷)裂合酶,也称为果胶酸裂合酶。另外优选的是催化果胶酸中α-1,4-糖苷键的随机水解的果胶酶,例如聚半乳糖醛酸酶类(EC 3.2.1.15)(PG),也称为endo-PG。同样优选的是催化果胶中α-1,4-糖苷键的随机断裂的果胶酶,如聚甲基半乳糖醛酸裂合酶(EC 4.2.2.10)(PMGL),也称为Endo-PMGL,还称为聚(甲氧基半乳糖醛酸苷)裂合酶,还称为果胶裂合酶。其他优选的果胶酶为半乳糖酶(EC 3.2.1.89)、***聚糖酶(arabinanase)(EC 3.2.1.99)、果胶酯酶(EC 3.1.1.11)和甘露聚糖酶(EC 3.2.1.78)。
所述的酶优选来自微生物,优选地来自细菌、古细菌(archea)或者真菌,尤其是来自细菌,例如属于芽孢杆菌属的细菌,优选属于嗜碱芽孢杆菌的菌株,其可选自地衣芽孢杆菌及高度相关的芽孢杆菌菌种,其中所有菌种基于16S rDNA序列与地衣芽孢杆菌具有至少90%的同源性(同一性)。这些菌种的具体例子为:地衣芽孢杆菌、嗜碱芽孢杆菌、假嗜碱芽孢杆菌和Bacillusclarkii。一个具体且高度优选的例子是地衣芽孢杆菌菌株,ATCC 14580(美国专利No.6,284,524)。其他有用的果胶酸裂合酶来自于Bacillus agaradhaerens,尤其是来自作为NCIMB 40482保藏的菌株;以及来自于枯草芽孢杆菌、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、科氏芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscohnii)、假嗜碱芽孢杆菌、欧文氏菌9482,尤其是FERM BP-5994菌株和多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)。
果胶酶可以是存在于由给定的微生物产生的酶体系中的一种成分,该酶体系大多都含有包括上述鉴定的那些酶的几种不同的果胶酶成分。
另外,果胶酶可以是单一的成分,即,可存在于由给定微生物产生的酶体系中的一种基本上不含其它果胶酶的成分。该单一成分通常为重组的成分,即,通过克隆编码该单一成分的DNA序列,然后用该DNA序列转化细胞并在宿主中表达而产生的成分。这些有用的重组酶,尤其是果胶酸裂合酶、果胶裂合酶和聚半乳糖醛酸酶在例如WO 99/27083和WO 99/27084(来自Novozymes A/S)中详细描述,其全文包括序列表在此并入作为参考。宿主优选为异源宿主,但是在某些条件下,宿主也可以是同源宿主。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明使用的果胶酸裂合酶来自芽孢杆菌属,优选地衣芽孢杆菌、嗜碱芽孢杆菌、假嗜碱芽孢杆菌和Bacillus clarkia,尤其是地衣芽孢杆菌,ATCC 14580。
在更加优选的实施方案中,果胶酸裂合酶是来自地衣芽孢杆菌菌株的本文SEQ ID NO:2中成熟的果胶酸裂合酶。该果胶酸裂合酶也在美国专利No.6,284,524中公开,其在此并入作为参考。
果胶酶,尤其是果胶酸裂合酶,可以优选地以1-1,500APSU/kg织物,优选10-1,200APSU/kg织物,尤其是100-1,000APSU/kg织物的浓度存在。
商业上可获得的碱性果胶酸裂合酶包括来自Novozymes A/S,丹麦的BIOPREPTM和SCOURZYMETM L。
蛋白酶
可以使用任何适用于碱性溶液的蛋白酶。适合的蛋白酶包括那些动物、植物以及微生物来源的蛋白酶。优选微生物来源。包括化学修饰或基因修饰的突变体。蛋白酶可以是丝氨酸蛋白酶,优选碱性微生物蛋白酶或者胰蛋白酶-样(trypsin-like)蛋白酶。碱性蛋白酶的实例是枯草杆菌蛋白酶(subtilisin),尤其是那些来自芽孢杆菌属,优选迟缓芽胞杆菌或Bacillus clausii的蛋白酶,例如枯草杆菌蛋白酶Novo,枯草杆菌蛋白酶Carlsberg,枯草杆菌蛋白酶309,枯草杆菌蛋白酶147和枯草杆菌蛋白酶168(在WO 89/06279中描述)。
优选的商业上可得的蛋白酶包括以下列商品名出售的那些蛋白酶:ALCALASETM,SAVINASETM 16L Type Ex,PRIMASETM,DURAZYMTM,和ESPERASETM(Novozymes A/S,丹麦),以下列商品名出售的那些蛋白酶:Genencor International Inc.,(美国)生产的OPTICLEANTM,OPTIMASETM,PROPARASETM,PURAFECTTM,PURAPECTTM MA和PURAPECTTM OX,PURAFECTTM OX-1和PURAFECTTM OX-2。
在本发明方法的实施方案中,蛋白酶可以以0.001-10KNPU/L,优选0.1-1KNPU/L,尤其是大约0.3KNPU/L或0.001-10KNPU/kg织物,优选0.1-1KNPU/kg织物,尤其是大约0.3KNPU/kg织物的浓度存在。
脂肪酶
可以使用任何适用于碱性溶液的脂肪酶。适合的脂肪酶包括细菌来源或真菌来源的那些脂肪酶。包括化学修饰或基因修饰的突变体。有用的脂肪酶的实例包括Humicola lanuginosa脂肪酶,如EP 258 068和EP 305 216中所述;曼赫根毛霉(Rhizomucor miehei)脂肪酶,如EP 238 023中所述;假丝酵母属(Candida)脂肪酶,如C.antarctica脂肪酶,例如EP 214 761中描述的C.antarctica脂肪酶A或B;假单胞菌属脂肪酶如产碱假单胞菌(P.alcaligenes)以及假产碱假单胞菌(P.pseudoalcaligenes)脂肪酶,如EP 218 272中所述;洋葱假单胞菌(P.cepacia)脂肪酶,如EP 331 376中所述;施氏假单胞菌(P.stutzeri)脂肪酶,如GB 1,372,034中公开的;荧光假单胞菌(P.fluorescens)脂肪酶,芽孢杆菌属脂肪酶,例如枯草芽孢杆菌脂肪酶(Dartois等,Biochemica etBiophysica Acta 1131,253-260(1993)),嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌脂肪酶(JP 64/744992)和短小芽孢杆菌脂肪酶(WO 91/16422)。
此外,许多克隆的脂肪酶可以是有用的,其包括Yamaguchi等,Gene 103,61-67(1991)描述的沙门柏干酪青霉(Penicillium camembertii)脂肪酶,白地霉(Geotricum candidum)脂肪酶(Schimada,Y.等,J.Biochem.,Vol.106,pp.383-388(1989)),以及各种根霉属(Rhizopus)脂肪酶如德氏根霉(R.delemar)脂肪酶(Hass,M.J等,Gene,Vol.109,pp.117-113(1991))、雪白根霉(R.niveus)脂肪酶(Kugimiya等,Biosci.Biotech.Biochem.,Vol.56,pp.716-719(1992))和米根霉(R.oryzae)脂肪酶。
特别适合的是脂肪酶如M1 LIPASETM,LUMA FASTTM和LIPOMAXTM(Genencor Intemational Inc,美国),LIPOLASETM和LIPOLASE ULTRATM,SP735(Novozymes A/S,丹麦),以及LIPASE P″Amano″(Amano PharmaceuticalCo.Ltd.)。
在本发明方法的一个实施方案中,脂肪酶可以以0.01-100LU/L处理溶液,优选1-10LU/L处理溶液,尤其是大约1LU/L处理溶液或0.01-100LU/kg织物,优选1-10LU/kg织物,尤其是大约1LU/kg织物的浓度存在。
纤维素酶
在本上下文中,术语“纤维素酶”或“纤维素分解酶(cellulolytic enzyme)”是指催化纤维素降解为葡萄糖、纤维二糖、丙糖和其他纤维寡糖(cellooligosaccharide)的酶。纤维素是通过β-1,4-糖苷键联结的葡萄糖的聚合物。纤维素链构成无数的分子内和分子间的氢键,其导致不溶性的纤维素微纤维(microfibril)的形成。纤维素通过微生物水解成葡萄糖涉及以下三个主要类型的纤维素酶:内切1,4-β-葡聚糖酶(EC 3.2.1.4),其随机切割遍及纤维素分子的β-1,4-糖苷键;纤维二糖水解酶(EC 3.2.1.91)(外切葡聚糖酶),其从非还原末端消化纤维素;和β-葡萄糖苷酶(EC 3.2.1.21),其水解纤维二糖和低分子量纤维糊精(cellodextrin)以释放葡萄糖。大多数纤维素酶由纤维素结合区域(CBD)和催化区域(CAD)组成,它们由一个富含脯氨酸和羟基氨基酸残基的接头(linker)隔开。在本说明书和权力要求书中,术语“内切葡聚糖酶”是指具有纤维素分解活性的酶,特别是按照酶命名法(1992)归类为EC 3.2.1.4并且能够催化纤维素、地衣淀粉(lichenin)和谷类β-D-葡聚糖中的1,4-β-D-糖苷键,包括也含有1,3键的β-D-葡聚糖中1,4键的(内切)水解的内切1,4-β-葡聚糖酶活性。可以使用任何适用于碱性溶液的纤维素酶。合适的纤维素酶包括细菌或真菌来源的那些纤维素酶。包括化学修饰或基因修饰的突变体。美国专利No.4,435,307中公开了合适的纤维素酶,其中公开了由Humicola insolens产生的真菌纤维素酶。特别合适的纤维素酶是具有色彩保护(colour care)益处的纤维素酶。这样的纤维素酶的实例是在欧洲专利申请No.0 495 257、WO 91/17243和WO 96/29397中描述的纤维素酶。
在一个优选的实施方案中,碱性纤维素酶是一种碱性内切葡聚糖酶,优选腐质霉属(Humicola)内切葡聚糖酶,特别是Humicola insolens内切葡聚糖酶,更优选来自Humicola insolens DSM 1800的EG I或EG V型内切葡聚糖酶,或者它们的变体,或者梭孢壳属(Thielavia)内切葡聚糖酶,优选土生梭孢壳(Thielavia terrestris)内切葡聚糖酶或者它的变体。
商业上可获得的纤维素酶包括由Humicola insolens的菌株生产的CELLUZYMETM和DENIMAXTM 399S(Novozymes A/S),以及KAC-500(B)TM(Kao Corporation)。
在本发明方法的一个实施方案中,纤维素酶可以以0.001-10g酶蛋白/L处理溶液,优选0.005-5g酶蛋白/L处理溶液,尤其是0.01-3g酶蛋白/L处理溶液或0.001-10g酶蛋白/kg织物,优选0.005-5g酶蛋白/kg织物,尤其是0.01-3g酶蛋白/kg织物的浓度使用。在一个实施方案中,纤维素酶以0.1-1,000ECU/g织物,优选0.5-200ECU/g织物,尤其是1-500ECU/g织物的浓度使用。
角质酶
角质酶是能够降解角质的酶,如Lin TS & Kolattukudy PE,J.Bacteriol.1978 133(2)942-951中所述,例如,角质酶不同于经典的脂肪酶,因为在三丁酸甘油酯(tributyrine)底物的临界胶束浓度(critical micelle concentration)(CMC)附近观察不到可测定的活化。并且,角质酶被认为属于丝氨酸酯酶中的一类。角质酶也可以是WO 96/13580中所公开的来自Humicola insolens的角质酶。角质酶可以是变体,例如WO 00/34450和WO 01/92502中所公开的一种或多种变体,其在此并入作为参考。
角质酶的实例为那些来自Humicola insolens(美国专利No.5,827,719);来自镰孢属(Fusarium)菌株,如大刀粉红镰孢(F.roseum culmorum),或特别是F.solani pisi(WO 90/09446,WO 94/14964,WO 94/03578)的角质酶。角质酶也可以来自丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia)的菌株,如立枯丝核菌(R.solani),或来自链格孢属(Alternaria)的菌株,如A.brassicicola(WO 94/03578),或其变体,如WO00/34450和WO 01/92502中描述的那些。角质酶还可以为细菌来源的,如假单胞菌属的菌株,优选WO 01/34899中公开的门多萨假单胞菌(Pseudomonasmendocina)。
角质酶可以以0.001-25,000微克酶蛋白/克织物,优选0.01-10,000微克酶蛋白/g织物,尤其是0.05-1,000微克酶蛋白/g织物的浓度加入。
木葡聚糖酶(Xyloglucanase)
木葡聚糖酶是能够催化木葡聚糖分解(solubilization)为木葡聚糖寡糖的一种木葡聚糖特异性酶。按照IUBMB酶命名法(2003),木葡聚糖酶被归类为EC 3.2.1.151。Pauly等,Glycobiology 9(1999)p.93-100公开了一种来自棘孢曲霉(Aspergillus aculeatus)的木葡聚糖特异性的内切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶。根据本发明,所用的木葡聚糖酶可以来自微生物,如真菌或细菌。有用的木葡聚糖酶的实例为第12家族木葡聚糖水解内切葡聚糖酶,特别是如WO 94/14953中所述的来自例如棘孢曲霉的第12家族木葡聚糖水解内切葡聚糖酶。另一个有用的实例是由木霉属(Trichoderma)产生的木葡聚糖酶,特别是EGIII。木葡聚糖酶也可以来自芽孢杆菌属的细菌,其包括地衣芽孢杆菌、Bacillus agaradharens和坚强芽孢杆菌。木葡聚糖酶也可以是具有木葡聚糖酶活性且对不溶性纤维素具有低活性及对可溶性纤维素具有高活性的内切葡聚糖酶,如来自例如Humicola insolens的第7家族内切葡聚糖酶。
木葡聚糖酶可以以0.001-25,000微克酶蛋白/g织物,优选0.01-10,000微克酶蛋白/g织物,更优选0.05-1,000微克酶蛋白/g织物,尤其是0.5-500微克酶蛋白/g织物的浓度加入。
本发明的组合物
在第二个方面,本发明涉及适用于本发明的方法的组合物。该组合物可以是固体或者液体(含水的)组合物,并且可以是浓缩的组合物或者现成的(ready-to-use)组合物。
因此,在这方面,本发明涉及包含碱性α-淀粉酶和碱性煮炼酶的组合物。
所包含的酶优选地可为上文“酶”部分提到的那些酶。
在一个优选的实施方案中,碱性α-淀粉酶来自芽孢杆菌的菌株,优选来自地衣芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、嗜热脂肪芽孢菌、芽孢杆菌NCIB 12289、NCIB 12512、NCIB 12513或DSM 9375,或者DSMZ no.12649、KSM AP1378,或者KSM K36或KSM K38的菌株。
芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶可以是分别在D183和G184位置具有一个或多个缺失的变体,还可以在N195F(按照SEQ ID NO:4编号)位置具有一个取代。芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶变体也可以是在D183和G184位置具有一个或多个缺失,还可以具有一个或多个下述取代:R118K,N195F,R320K,R458K(按照SEQ ID NO:6编号)。
特别地,芽孢杆菌变体可以在D183和G184位置具有双缺失并进一步包含下列取代:R118K+N195F+R320K+R458K(用SEQ ID NO:6编号)。
碱性煮炼酶选自:碱性果胶酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶、角质酶、木葡聚糖酶以及它们的混合物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,碱性果胶酶是果胶酸裂合酶,优选来自芽孢杆菌属的菌株,优选地衣芽孢杆菌、嗜碱芽孢杆菌、假嗜碱芽孢杆菌和Bacillusclarkia的菌株,尤其是地衣芽孢杆菌菌种,ATCC 14580的果胶酸裂合酶。
其他适用于实施本方法的制剂可以单独加入或者包含在本发明的组合物中。这类制剂的实例包括稳定剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂、分散剂、螯合剂和乳化剂以及它们的混合物。
尽管碱性α-淀粉酶和碱性煮炼酶可以按原样(as such)地加入,但优选将它们配制成一种合适的组合物。这样,酶可以以颗粒、优选非粉尘颗粒,液体、尤其是稳定的液体,浆液(slurry)的形式,或以一种被保护的形式使用。如美国专利No.4,106,991和No.4,661,452(均属于Novozymes A/S)中所公开的,可产生无粉尘的颗粒,而且可以任选地通过本领域公知的方法被涂覆。
根据确定的方法,例如,可以通过加入多元醇,如丙二醇、糖或糖醇或乙酸使液体酶制剂稳定。其他酶稳定剂是本领域公知的。保护的酶可按照EP238 216中公开的方法来制备。
原则上,包含碱性α-淀粉酶和煮炼酶的本发明的组合物可以包含待用于本发明的组合方法的任何其它试剂。在一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含至少一种其它成分,该成分选自稳定剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂、分散剂、螯合剂和乳化剂。所有这些适用于纺织物的其它成分是本领域公知的。
适合的表面活性剂包括上文“洗涤剂”部分提到的那些。浸润剂用来增加纤维的润湿性,从而可得到迅速而均匀的退浆和煮炼。乳化剂用来乳化存在于织物上的疏水性杂质。分散剂用来防止提取的杂质再沉积于织物上。螯合剂用来去除如Ca、Mg和Fe可对本方法具有负面影响的离子,且优选的实例包括苛性钠(氢氧化钠)和苏打灰(碳酸钠)。
本发明的组合物的用途
在第三个方面,本发明涉及本发明的组合物在同步退浆和煮炼方法,优选本发明的方法中的用途。在一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物用于本发明的方法。
材料和方法
碱性α-淀粉酶:
碱性α-淀粉酶SZ是如WO 00/60060中SEQ ID NO:2所公开的芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶主链(backbone)的变体α-淀粉酶。所述主链的氨基酸序列具有以下6个氨基酸缺失/取代:
D183*+G184*+R118K+N195F+R320K+R458K。
WO 01/66712中也公开了该变体。该碱性α-淀粉酶在批式(batch)03AGE014-4中制得,该酶可以根据要求从NovozymesA/S获得。
碱性α-淀粉酶NL是如WO 95/26397中SEQ ID NO:2所公开的芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶主链的变体α-淀粉酶,其来自芽孢杆菌NCIB 12512并具有在D183*+G184*的双缺失。该碱性α-淀粉酶在批式APN00012中制得,该酶可以根据要求从Novozymes A/S获得。
果胶酸裂合酶SP是如美国专利No.6,284,524中SEQ ID NO:2所公开的地衣芽孢杆菌果胶酸裂合酶。这种来自芽孢杆菌的果胶酸裂合酶在批式KND01001中制得。该酶可以根据要求从Novozymes A/S获得。
方法:
α-淀粉酶活性(KNU)
可使用土豆淀粉作为底物来测定淀粉分解的活性。该方法基于改性的土豆淀粉被酶分解,然后将淀粉/酶的样品溶液与碘溶液混合来进行反应。与标准的着色的玻璃标准物(colored glass standard)相比,起初形成深蓝色,但在淀粉分解期间蓝色变浅,并逐渐变成红棕色。
一千Novoα-淀粉酶单位(KNU)定义为在标准条件(即在37℃+/-0.05;0.0003M Ca2+;和pH 5.6)下,将5260mg干淀粉底物Merck Amylum solubile糊精化的酶量。
更加详细描述这种分析方法的文件夹
EB-SM-0009.02/01可以根据要求从Novozymes A/S,丹麦获得,该文件夹在此并入作为参考。
粘度测定APSU
APSU单位:APSU单位测定是一种使用不添加钙的底物聚半乳糖醛酸的粘度测定方法。
将底物5%聚半乳糖醛酸钠盐(Sigma P-1879)溶解于pH 10的0.1M甘氨酸缓冲液中。将4ml底物在40℃预温育5分钟,(以250微L的体积)加入酶并在混合器中以最大速度混合10秒钟,然后在40℃温育20分钟。为了获得标准曲线,对酶浓度范围在5APSU/ml至高于100APSU/ml、具有10-60APSU/ml之间的至少4种浓度的稀释物测量两次。
使用来自Sofraser公司,45700Villemandeur,法国的MIVI 600测定粘度。该粘度在10sec后以mV测定。
为了计算APSU单位,使用如上所述的标准酶稀释物以获得标准曲线。将使用具有单相指数式衰减及平稳段(plateau)的非线性拟合的GrafPad Prism程序用于计算。平稳段以及范围是在不加酶的情况下得到的mV。平稳段为大于100APSU/ml的mV,并发现两个例子中粘度半衰减值为12APSU单位,及1.5APSU的标准误差。
裂合酶测定(在235nm)
为了测定β-消除,使用溶解于pH 10的0.1M甘氨酸缓冲液中的底物0.1%的聚半乳糖醛酸钠盐(Sigma P-1879)进行试验测定235nm吸光度的增加。为了计算催化速率,在235的吸光度(absorbency)每分钟增加5.2单位对应于1μmol的不饱和产物的形成(Nasuna和Starr,(1966)J.Biol.Chem.,Vol.241page5298-5306(1966);和Bartling,Wegener和Olsen,Microbiology,Vol.141page873-881(1995))。
稳态条件使用具有1cm光通路的0.5ml的比色皿在HP二极管阵列分光光度计上在控温的比色皿容器中在235nm连续测定吸光度。为了达到稳态,至少在200秒的线性增加被用于速率的计算。其被用来转化成每分钟形成产物的微摩尔数。
脂肪酶活性(LU)
将角质酶活性测定为使用三丁酸甘油酯作为底物测得的脂肪分解活性。此方法基于三丁酸甘油酯被酶水解,而且碱的消耗量则被记录为时间的函数。
一个脂肪酶单位(LU)定义为标准条件下(即,在30℃;pH 7.0;以***树胶(Gum Arabic)为乳化剂及三丁酸甘油酯作为底物),每分钟释放1微摩尔可滴定的丁酸的酶量。详细描述该分析方法的文件夹AF 95/5可以根据要求从Novozymes A/S,丹麦获得,该文件夹在此并入作为参考。
纤维素酶活性的测定(ECU)
纤维素分解活性可以通过测定酶降低羧甲基纤维素(CMC)溶液的粘度的能力,以内切纤维素单位(ECU)来测定。
ECU测定通过测定样品降低羧甲基纤维素(CMC)溶液粘度的能力来定量样品中存在的催化活性量。测试在40℃、pH 7.5、0.1M磷酸盐缓冲液、时间30分钟的条件下,在振动粘度计(如,来自Sofraser,法国的MIVI 3000)中,利用降低CMC底物(Hercules 7LFD)的粘度的相对酶标准物进行,酶的浓度大约是0.15ECU/ml。主要的标准物定义为8200ECU/g。
一个ECU是在上述条件下,降低一半粘度的酶量。
以下非限制性实施例说明了本发明。
实施例
实施例1
无酶条件下的棉织物的退浆:
100%棉机织织物(270g/m2,织物结构为Cupper 3/1。经纱:28股线/cm,纬纱:14股线/cm)由Boras Wafveri Kungsfors,瑞典得到。该织物在经纱上具有8%淀粉基的(starch based)浆料。切割并使用0.25m×0.5m的织物样本。用四硼酸钠制备pH9的25mM缓冲液。将来自Unichema的0.5g/l表面活性剂BRIJ78和来自SASOL的0.5g/l表面活性剂VolelTDA-7乙氧基化物加入上述缓冲液中。将织物样本浸入1升的含有表面活性剂的缓冲溶液中大约30秒,然后通过轧染机(Mathis)在大约50℃轧染使其达到90%的纤维吸湿率(wetpickup)。迅速将该样本密封在一个塑料袋中,其在50℃保温1小时。保温之后,将织物样本通过Mathis轧染-蒸汽炉(pad-steam range)中的四个漂洗盒在90℃水中进行漂洗。通过漂洗盒的总时间为大约8分钟。在进行分析前,先将织物样本在空气中干燥,然后在21℃(70)和相对湿度为65%的调节室中平衡至少24小时。
退浆(Tegewa方法)
淀粉浆料的残留物通过将碘染色的织物样本与一套标准的照片进行比较而直观测定,所述的照片具有1-9标度(scale),其中1为深蓝色,而9为无色。通过将10克KI溶于10ml水,加入0.635g I2克碘以及200ml乙醇,在去离子水中配制成1升的溶液,从而得到碘染色溶液。切割织物样品并在碘溶液中浸泡60秒,然后在去离子水中漂洗大约5秒。将样品中过量的水被挤出(press out)之后,由至少两个专业人员对织物样本进行评价,给出平均数。方法和标准标度可从Verband TEGEWA,Karlstrasse 21,Frankfurt a.M.,德国获取。
果胶去除
定量地测定织物上的果胶残留物。其原理是:钌红(ruthenium red)与聚阴离子化合物,如未甲基化的果胶结合。织物上的果胶水平与棉织物上钌红的浓度成比例,而钌红的浓度与Kulbelka-Munk函数(即K/S)也成线性比例关系。钌红染色的织物的颜色反射系数(R)在540nm(Macbeth色度计,Model#CE-7000)测定,并通过下式自动计算为K/S值:
K/S=(1-R)2/2R)。
果胶去除百分比通过下式计算:
果胶去除百分比=1-%Res.果胶=1-100*(K/S-K/S0)/(K/S100-K/S0)其中K/S100来自含有100%果胶的织物,通常是原始的未处理的织物;而K/S0则来自残留果胶为0%的织物,通常是深度煮炼并漂白的织物。基于来自John H.Luft和文章“Ruthenium red and Violet I.Chemistry”1971中描述的信息,通过将0.2g/L钌红、1.0g/L氯化铵、2.5ml/L的28%氢氧化铵溶液、1.0g/L SilwetL-77和1.0g/L Tergitol 15-S-12溶于蒸馏水以制成总共一升溶液从而获得染色溶液。该溶液每天在使用前配制。染色时,将100mL染料溶液用于1克织物。将织物样本在钌红溶液中于室温下保温15分钟。将样本在染色器(stainer)中漂洗,然后在60℃在蒸馏水(100ml/1g织物)中漂洗10分钟。干燥后测定色反射系数(R)。
织物润湿性:
织物润湿性是根据AATCC测试方法79-1995,使用点滴(drop test)实验测定。使一滴水从固定的高度(1厘米)滴落到平整的(taut)测试样品的表面上。测定水滴的镜面反射(specular reflection)消失所需的时间并被记录为润湿时间(wetting time)。
织物的白度
将退浆的织物样本经过漂白水浴,并浸轧至90-100%的纤维吸湿率(wetpick up)。漂白水浴含有10ml/L硅酸钠40-42Be,5g/L40%的EDTA,16ml/L50%w/v氢氧化钠,和16ml/L的50%过氧化氢。将织物样本在100℃温育40分钟,然后分别在95℃、65℃、65℃和75℃的四个漂洗盒中进行漂洗。通过漂洗盒的总时间为大约8分钟。风干和整理(conditioning)后,织物的白度根据AATCC实验方法110-1995测得。使用具有300-700nm的CIE光源D65和1964 10°观测器的反射系数色度计(Macbeth色度计,Model#CE-7000)测得CIE三色激励(tristimulus)值。由基于CIE色度坐标(chromaticity coordinate)的公式计算白度。
测试结果显示于表1。
实施例2
用α-淀粉酶将棉织物退浆
除了在退浆前也将10KNU/L的α-淀粉酶SZ加入到含有缓冲溶液的表面活性剂中之外,织物和退浆方法基本上与实施例1相同。
淀粉浆料残留物、果胶残留物、织物润湿性和白度用与实施例1相同的方法评价。测试结果显示于表1。
实施例3
棉织物的同步退桨与生物煮炼
除了在退浆前也将250APSU/L的果胶酸裂合酶SP加入退浆溶液中之外,织物和退浆方法基本上与实施例2相同。
淀粉浆料残留物、果胶残留物、织物润湿性和白度用与实施例1相同的方法评价。测试结果显示于表1。
实施例4
棉织物的同步退浆与生物煮炼
除了在退浆前也将750APSU/L的果胶酸裂合酶SP加入退浆溶液中之外,织物和退浆方法基本上与实施例2相同。
淀粉浆料残留物,果胶残留物,织物润湿性和白度用与实施例1相同的方法评价。测试结果显示于表1。
实施例5
棉织物的同步退浆与生物煮炼
除了在退浆前也将1500APSU/L的果胶酸裂合酶SP加入退浆溶液中之外,织物和退浆方法基本上与实施例2相同。
淀粉浆料残留物,果胶残留物,织物润湿性和白度用与实施例1相同的方法评价。测试结果显示于表1。
实施例6
用α-淀粉酶(NL)对棉织物的退浆
除了在退浆前将10KNU/L的α-淀粉酶NL加入含有缓冲溶液的表面活性剂中之外,织物和退浆方法基本上与实施例1相同。
淀粉浆料残留物,果胶残留物,织物润湿性和白度用与实施例1相同的方法评价。测试结果显示于表1。
实施例7
棉织物的同步退浆与生物煮炼
除了在退浆前将250APSU/L的果胶酸裂合酶SP加入退浆溶液中之外,织物和退浆方法基本上与实施例6相同。
淀粉浆料残留物,果胶残留物,织物润湿性和白度用与实施例1相同的方法评价。测试结果显示于表1。
实施例8
棉织物的同步退桨与生物煮炼
除了在退浆前将750APSU/L的果胶酸裂合酶SP加入退浆溶液中之外,织物和退浆方法基本上与实施例6相同。
淀粉浆料残留物,果胶残留物,织物润湿性和白度用与实施例1相同的方法评价。测试结果显示于表1。
实施例9
棉织物的同步退浆与生物煮炼
除了在退浆前将1500APSU/L的果胶酸裂合酶SP加入退浆溶液中之外,织物和退浆方法基本上与实施例6相同。
淀粉浆料残留物,果胶残留物,织物润湿性和白度用与实施例1相同的方法评价。测试结果显示于表1。
实施例10
用α-淀粉酶(S7)对棉织物的退浆
除了在退浆前将50KNU/L的α-淀粉酶SZ加入含有缓冲溶液的表面活性剂中之外,织物和退浆方法基本上与实施例1相同。
淀粉浆料残留物,果胶残留物,织物润湿性和白度用与实施例1相同的方法评价。测试结果显示于表1。
实施例11
棉织物的同步退浆与生物煮炼
除了在退浆前也将250APSU/L的果胶酸裂合酶SP加入退浆溶液中之外,织物和退浆方法基本上与实施例10相同。
淀粉浆料残留物,果胶残留物,织物润湿性和白度用与实施例1相同的方法评价。测试结果显示于表1。
实施例12
棉织物的同步退浆与生物煮炼
除了在退浆前也将750APSU/L的果胶酸裂合酶SP加入退浆溶液中之外,织物和退浆方法基本上与实施例10相同。
淀粉浆料残留物,果胶残留物,织物润湿性和白度用与实施例1相同的方法评价。测试结果显示于表1。
实施例13
棉织物的同步退浆与生物煮炼
除了在退浆前也将1500APSU/L的果胶酸裂合酶SP加入退浆溶液中之外,织物和退浆方法基本上与实施例10相同。
淀粉浆料残留物,果胶残留物,织物润湿性和白度用与实施例1相同的方法评价。测试结果显示于表1。
表1
实施例# | 退浆(Tegewa) | 果胶去除率(%) | 浸泡时间(秒) | 漂白后的白度CIE Ganz82 |
12345678910111213 | 3.04.754.54.54.754.254.54.54.05.56.256.255.75 | 11.013.928.545.852.314.725.742.149.517.431.945.250.9 | 6.413.67.33.42.38.86.44.94.46.64.03.13.0 | 63.064.264.365.464.765.565.365.165.466.266.667.367.6 |
序列表
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诺维信公司(Novozymes A/S)
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Thr Gly Lys Asn Met Phe Ala Val Ala Glu Phe Trp Lys Asn Asp Leu
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Gly Ala Ile Glu Asn Tyr Leu Asn Lys Thr Asn Trp Asn His Ser Val
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Phe Asp Val Pro Leu His Tyr Asn Leu Tyr Asn Ala Ser Lys Ser Gly
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Gly Asn Tyr Asp Met Arg Gln Ile Phe Asn Gly Thr Val Val Gln Arg
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His Pro Met His Ala Val Thr Phe Val Asp Asn His Asp Ser Gln Pro
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Glu Glu Ala Leu Glu Ser Phe Val Glu Glu Trp Phe Lys Pro Leu Ala
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Tyr Ala Leu Thr Leu Thr Arg Glu Gln Gly Tyr Pro Ser Val Phe Tyr
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Gly Asp Tyr Tyr Gly Ile Pro Thr His Gly Val Pro Ala Met Lys Ser
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Phe Asp Val Pro Leu His Tyr Asn Leu Tyr Asn Ala Ser Lys Ser Gly
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Gly Asp Tyr Tyr Gly Ile Pro Thr His Gly Val Pro Ala Met Lys Ser
370 375 380
Lys Ile Asp Pro Ile Leu Glu Ala Arg Gln Lys Tyr Ala Tyr Gly Arg
385 390 395 400
Gln Asn Asp Tyr Leu Asp His His Asn Ile Ile Gly Trp Thr Arg Glu
405 410 415
Gly Asn Thr Ala His Pro Asn Ser Gly Leu Ala Thr Ile Met Ser Asp
420 425 430
Gly Ala Gly Gly Asn Lys Trp Met Phe Val Gly Arg Asn Lys Ala Gly
435 440 445
Gln Val Trp Thr Asp Ile Thr Gly Asn Arg Ala Gly Thr Val Thr Ile
450 455 460
Asn Ala Asp Gly Trp Gly Asn Phe Ser Val Asn Gly Gly Ser Val Ser
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Ile Trp Val Asn Lys
485
Claims (34)
1.一种将含有淀粉或淀粉衍生物的上浆织物进行同步退浆与煮炼的方法,该方法包括用碱性α-淀粉酶和碱性煮炼酶处理所述织物。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的煮炼酶是碱性果胶酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶、角质酶、木葡聚糖酶或其混合物。
3.权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述的碱性果胶酶是果胶酸裂合酶,优选来自芽孢杆菌属的菌株,优选地衣芽孢杆菌,嗜碱芽孢杆菌,假嗜碱芽孢杆菌,和Bacillus clarkia,尤其是地衣芽孢杆菌菌种,ATCC 14580的菌株的果胶酸裂合酶。
4.权利要求1-3所述的方法,其中所述的果胶酸裂合酶是SEQ ID NO:2中的成熟的果胶酸裂合酶。
5.权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述的碱性纤维素酶是内切葡聚糖酶,优选腐质霉属内切葡聚糖酶,尤其是Humicolas insolens内切葡聚糖酶,还更优选来自Humicolas insolens DSM 1800的EG I或EG V内切葡聚糖酶,或其变体。
6.权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述的碱性纤维素酶是内切葡聚糖酶,优选梭孢壳属内切葡聚糖酶,尤其是土生梭孢壳内切葡聚糖酶,或其变体。
7.权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述的碱性脂肪酶源自假丝酵母属,优选来自Candida antarctica的脂肪酶A。
8.权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述的碱性蛋白酶是源自芽孢杆菌属的菌株,优选来自迟缓芽胞杆菌或Bacillus clausii的丝氨酸蛋白酶。
9.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的碱性α-淀粉酶源自芽孢杆菌属菌种,优选来自地衣芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌、芽孢杆菌NCIB 12289、NCIB 12512、NCIB 12513或DSM 9375、或DSMZ no.12649、KSM AP1378、或KSM K36或KSM K38的菌株。
10.权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法,其中所述的碱性α-淀粉酶源自芽孢杆菌属的菌株,优选分别在SEQ ID NO:4或SEQ ID NO:6中所示的碱性α-淀粉酶。
11.权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述的芽孢杆菌属α-淀粉酶在D183+G184位置具有一个或多个缺失,优选其中所述的芽孢杆菌属α-淀粉酶变体还在N195F(使用SEQ ID NO:4编号)位置上有一个取代。
12.权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述的芽孢杆菌属α-淀粉酶在D183和G184位置存在一个或多个缺失,优选其中所述的芽孢杆菌属α-淀粉酶的变体还具有一个或多个以下的取代:R118K,N195F,R320K,R458K,尤其是其中所述的变体具有以下突变:Delta(D183+G184)+R118K+N195F+R320K+R458K(使用SEQ ID NO:6编号)。
13.权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法,其中所述的碱性α-淀粉酶以0.05-150KNU/L处理液,优选1-100KNU/L处理液,尤其是2-20KNU/L处理液或者0.05-150KNU/kg织物,优选1-100KNU/kg织物,尤其是2-20KNU/kg织物的浓度存在。
14.权利要求1-13中任一项所述的方法,其中所述的煮炼酶是果胶酸裂合酶,其以1-1,500APSU/kg织物,优选10-1,200APSU/kg织物,尤其是100-1,000APSU/kg织物的浓度存在。
15.权利要求1-14中任一项所述的方法,其中所述的煮炼酶是纤维素酶,其以0.1-1,000ECU/g织物,优选0.5-200ECU/g织物,尤其是1-500ECU/g织物的浓度存在。
16.权利要求1-15中任一项所述的方法,其中所述的煮炼酶是脂肪酶,其以0.1-1,000LU/kg织物,优选1-500LU/kg织物的浓度存在。
17.权利要求1-16中任一项所述的方法,其中所述的煮炼酶是蛋白酶,其以0.001-10KNPU/kg织物,优选0.01-5KNPU/kg织物的浓度存在。
18.权利要求1-17中任一项所述的方法,其中所述的方法在pH 7-11,优选8-10,尤其是大约9的条件下进行。
19.权利要求1-18中任一项所述的方法,其中所述的方法在温度为30℃-115℃,例如30℃-60℃或50℃-110℃的条件下进行。
20.权利要求1-19中任一项所述的方法,其中所述的方法是在表面活性剂存在的条件下进行的,优选表面活性剂以0.1-10g/L,优选约1g/L的浓度存在。
21.权利要求1-20中任一项所述的方法,其中所述的织物是纤维素织物,例如粗斜纹棉布(denim)。
22.权利要求1-20中任一项所述的方法,其中所述的织物是丝织品或者毛织品。
23.权利要求1-20中任一项所述的方法,其中所述的织物是含有聚酯的织物,或由基本上100%的聚酯组成的服装。
24.权利要求1-23所述的方法,其中所述的聚酯织物是一种聚酯混纺物,例如聚酯与纤维素的混纺物,包括聚酯与棉的混纺物;聚酯与毛的混纺物;聚酯与丝的混纺物;聚酯与丙烯酸类的混纺物;聚酯与尼龙的混纺物;聚酯、尼龙和聚氨酯的混纺物;聚酯与聚氨酯的混纺物;人造丝(粘胶);纤维素醋酸酯和天丝纤维(Tencel)。
25.权利要求1-24中任一项所述的方法,其中所述的方法是在单一浴槽(bath)中进行的。
26.包含碱性α-淀粉酶和碱性煮炼酶的组合物。
27.权利要求26所述的组合物,其中所述的碱性α-淀粉酶源自芽孢杆菌属菌种,优选来自地衣芽孢杆菌,解淀粉芽孢杆菌,嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌,芽孢杆菌NCIB 12289,NCIB 12512,NCIB 12513或DSM 9375,或DSMZ no.12649,KSM AP1378,或KSM K36或KSM K38的菌株。
28.权利要求27所述的组合物,其中所述的煮炼酶选自碱性果胶酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶、角质酶、木葡聚糖酶和其混合物。
29.权利要求28所述的组合物,其中所述的碱性果胶酶是果胶酸裂合酶,优选源自芽孢杆菌属的菌株的果胶酸裂合酶,优选地衣芽孢杆菌,嗜碱芽孢杆菌,假嗜碱芽孢杆菌,Bacillus clarkia,尤其是地衣芽孢杆菌菌种,ATCC14580的菌株。
30.权利要求27所述的组合物,其中所述的芽孢杆菌属α-淀粉酶在D183和G184位置存在一个或多个缺失,优选其中所述的芽孢杆菌属α-淀粉酶变体在N195F(使用SEQ ID NO:4编号)位置上还具有一个取代。
31.权利要求27所述的组合物,其中所述的芽孢杆菌属α-淀粉酶在D183和G184位置上存在一个或多个缺失,优选其中所述的芽孢杆菌属α-淀粉酶的变体还存在一个或多个以下的取代:R118K,N195F,R320K,R458K,尤其是其中所述的变体具有以下突变:Delta(D183+G184)+R118K+N195F+R320K+R458K(使用SEQ ID NO:6编号)。
32.权利要求26-31中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述的组合物还包含稳定剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂、分散剂、螯合剂和乳化剂,或其混合物。
33.权利要求26-32中任一项所述的组合物用于同步退浆和煮炼的用途。
34.权利要求33所述的用途,其中将所述的组合物用于权利要求1-25中任一项所述的方法。
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PCT/US2005/020868 WO2006002034A1 (en) | 2004-06-15 | 2005-06-14 | Simultaneous desizing and scouring process |
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HK1104329A1 (en) | 2008-01-11 |
WO2006002034A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
US20070243596A1 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
EP1759052A1 (en) | 2007-03-07 |
EP1759052A4 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
MXPA06014636A (es) | 2007-03-12 |
CN1969084B (zh) | 2011-04-20 |
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