CN1956539A - 利用单个请求协议支持多个视频流服务的接入/边缘节点 - Google Patents

利用单个请求协议支持多个视频流服务的接入/边缘节点 Download PDF

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CN1956539A
CN1956539A CNA2006101371678A CN200610137167A CN1956539A CN 1956539 A CN1956539 A CN 1956539A CN A2006101371678 A CNA2006101371678 A CN A2006101371678A CN 200610137167 A CN200610137167 A CN 200610137167A CN 1956539 A CN1956539 A CN 1956539A
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video
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CN100551042C (zh
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E·A·C·西克斯
T·范凯恩杰姆
W·范德梅尔施
F·德图尔克
T·沃特斯
B·多得特
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Interuniversitair Microelektronica Centrum vzw IMEC
Alcatel NV
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/16Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H04N7/17309Transmission or handling of upstream communications
    • H04N7/17336Handling of requests in head-ends
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/2381Adapting the multiplex stream to a specific network, e.g. an Internet Protocol [IP] network
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/21Server components or server architectures
    • H04N21/222Secondary servers, e.g. proxy server, cable television Head-end
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/231Content storage operation, e.g. caching movies for short term storage, replicating data over plural servers, prioritizing data for deletion
    • H04N21/23106Content storage operation, e.g. caching movies for short term storage, replicating data over plural servers, prioritizing data for deletion involving caching operations
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/239Interfacing the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. prioritizing client content requests
    • H04N21/2393Interfacing the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. prioritizing client content requests involving handling client requests
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47End-user applications
    • H04N21/472End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content
    • H04N21/47202End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content for requesting content on demand, e.g. video on demand
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/64Addressing
    • H04N21/6405Multicasting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/64Addressing
    • H04N21/6408Unicasting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/643Communication protocols
    • H04N21/6437Real-time Transport Protocol [RTP]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/647Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load, bridging between two different networks, e.g. between IP and wireless
    • H04N21/64707Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load, bridging between two different networks, e.g. between IP and wireless for transferring content from a first network to a second network, e.g. between IP and wireless

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Abstract

根据本发明的接入/边缘网络节点(300)包括单个代理功能块(301),以在用户侧端接针对多个流式视频服务的单个请求协议。

Description

利用单个请求协议支持多个视频流服务的接入/边缘节点
技术领域
本发明一般涉及基于分组的接入/边缘节点,该节点具有针对例如广播TV、多播TV、时移TV、视频点播等的各种流式视频服务的代理功能块。所述代理功能块需要端接(terminate)并解释这些流式视频服务的请求信令协议。
背景技术
通常,可以区分本质上不同的两类视频流式传输服务:广播服务(相同内容被传送到几个同时观看的用户)和点播服务(针对一个指定用户的个性化内容)。广播服务的例子是广播TV和多播TV。点播服务的例子是时移TV和视频点播。将在下面的段落中描述当前实现这些服务中的一些的方式。
在当前基于分组的接入/边缘网络中,现场直播TV服务或多播TV服务利用向终端用户递送TV频道的多播结构。终端用户典型地使用标准化多播控制协议作为请求协议,以指示他/她想要接收哪个TV频道。这种多播控制协议的例子是RFC 1112的附录1中定义的互联网组管理协议(IGMP)。由S.Deering所著的标题为“Host Extensions for IPMulticasting”、于1989年8月发表的RFC 1112可以从IETF在互联网上的网站获得,网址是:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1112.txt?number=1112。
为接收广播或多播TV频道,主机(例如具有IGMP客户端的终端用户的机顶盒)与网络交换IGMP消息,以加入针对该TV频道的多播组。在网络中,接入和/或边缘节点通过充当IGMP代理而在基于分组的广播或多播TV服务中扮演主动角色。Alcatel 7302智能服务接入管理器(ISAM)例如具有集成在线路卡上的IGMP代理功能块。Alcatel 7302 ISAM的版本2.1的产品手册可以从下面的网址通过互联网而获得:http://www.alcatel.com/products/productsummary.jhtml?relativePath=/com/en/appxml/opgproduct/alcatel7302intelligentservicesaccessmanagertcm228121931635.jhtml。IP DSLAM的Paradyne 4200系列具有网络接口卡上的IGMP监听和IGMP代理功能块。Paradyne 4200 IP DSLAM产品一览表可以经由下面的网址获得:http://www.paradyne.com/products/4200IP/。
IGMP代理功能块使接入/边缘节点能够截获并解释从终端用户接收的IGMP请求。这在文献中通常称为基于状态的IGMP处理。如果接入/边缘节点已接收了所请求的TV频道,例如由于连接到该接入/边缘节点的另一用户已在观看该TV频道,则该TV频道将被转发到请求该TV频道的新的终端用户。如果接入/边缘节点还未接收所请求的TV频道,则从终端用户接收的IGMP加入消息将被转发,以从网络更深处的多播支持节点拉出(pull)所请求的TV频道。类似地,由想要停止观看广播或多播TV频道的终端用户所发送的IGMP离开消息被接入/边缘节点中的IGMP代理截获,并且仅在需要时被转发。
时移TV是这样一种服务:使得终端用户能够时移地观看广播TV节目,即,终端用户可以从开始部分开始收看TV节目,尽管该TV节目的广播已开始或已结束。例如家用个人录像机或家用PVR设备(如索尼的高清晰度数字录像机DHG-HDD500)的专用家用设备通过内置存储器(硬盘或RAM)而实现了时移TV,其中所述存储器可以被编程以记录广播的TV节目。家用PVR设备能够记录电视节目并且稍后观看它、在它被记录的同时观看节目,以及在同时记录另一TV节目时观看先前记录的节目。特定的家用PVR设备还具有例如在观看广播TV节目时暂停或回放的高级特性。为在观看广播TV节目时暂停它,家用PVR开始记录正被观看的广播节目,并且在保持记录正进行的广播的同时根据观众指令继续播放节目。然而,由于有限的存储容量以及到终端用户住宅的接入链路(例如ADSL连接)具有容量或带宽限制,因此对于通过家用PVR设备的时移TV存在一些限制。xDSL技术例如可以同时服务于一至五个TV频道。因此,家用PVR设备总是需要事先安排,并且该设备绝对不能够同时记录很多节目或TV频道。
时移TV服务也可以通过网络中的PVR功能而被提供。例如在Alcatel早先提交的欧洲专利申请05291959.4中描述的分布式PVR解决方案,其中该专利申请是于2005年9月21日向欧洲专利局提交的。原则上,这种网络PVR解决方案使终端用户能够在任何时间观看任何频道上所广播的任何节目。终端用户的体验类似于视频点播服务,但内容是相对于原始广播时间具有任意时移的现场直播或多播TV。对于时移TV服务,终端用户典型地使用点播请求协议,例如RFC 2326中定义的实时流协议或RTSP,其可在网址 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2326.txt?number=2326上获得。
视频点播是流式视频服务,终端用户可以凭借它在任何时间观看存储在视频服务器中的内容。终端用户再次典型地使用如RTSP或SIP(会话起始协议)的点播请求协议。
假设RTSP被用作针对点播服务的点播请求协议,所述点播服务如视频点播(VoD)、准视频点播(NVoD)或按次付费视频,来自终端用户的流式请求在视频服务器附近的RTSP代理上被端接,例如SeaChange的***“Video over IP”中描述的SeaChange会话资源管理器,其可在http://www.schange.com/Downloads/IP Streaming/VODOVERIP WhiteP aper.pdf上获得。对于例如通过接入/边缘节点中的分布式PVR所实现的时移TV服务的点播服务,截获来自终端用户的流式请求的RTSP代理可以被集成在接入/边缘节点中,如2005年9月21日向欧洲专利局提交的Alcatel欧洲专利申请EP 05291959.4中所建议的那样。其中,图4所示的机载处理器中的用户请求端接单元413可以代表RTSP代理。
综上所述,根据现有技术,一方面的广播/多播TV服务以及另一方面的如VoD、NVoD或时移TV的点播视频服务,是利用相关的不同请求协议、不同网络单元和代理、不同管理和控制功能而在不同平台上被提供的。这导致终端用户设备(例如STB)和网络节点中的代理单元逻辑二者都过于复杂。现有技术***的例子如图1所示。其中所示的数字用户线接入多路复用器(DSLAM)100是对广播服务和点播服务具有分别的平台的接入节点。对于广播服务,IGMP代理101截获在用户侧的端口111所接收的IGMP请求、解释这些IGMP请求,并且如果需要则经由端口112将它们转发到广播或多播网络中的下一网络节点。对于点播服务,RTSP代理102截获在用户侧的端口113所接收的RTSP请求、解释这些RTSP消息,并且如果需要则经由端口114将它们转发到点播服务网络中的下一网络节点。被RTSP代理102截获的RTSP消息被用来控制用于时移TV服务的视频节目高速缓冲存储器103。
由于带宽和存储资源不能最优地部署,因此针对不同流式视频服务的分别的平台进一步导致网络运营商的增强的CAPEX和OPEX。
此外,针对广播TV服务和点播服务使用分别的控制和递送平台,阻止了网络节点利用可通过监控广播TV行为而导出的信息来更新记录配置文件(profile)/算法,其中所述记录配置文件/算法被网络PVR用于时移TV服务。反之亦然,可从点播视频服务导出的、指示例如STB的能力的信息没有被用来实现例如以用户为中心的广播TV服务,其中所递送的广播TV流适合于终端用户的终端能力(例如通过代码转换、授权、接入控制等)。
本发明的目的是提供一种支持多个流式视频服务的接入/边缘节点,其克服了上面提及的现有技术解决方案的缺点。
发明内容
根据本发明,通过使用例如单个点播协议的单个请求协议来控制例如广播TV服务和时移TV服务的多个流式视频服务,克服了上面提及的现有技术解决方案的缺点和不足。此外,如权利要求1所定义的那样,所述接入/边缘节点必须配备有集成的代理功能块,其中该集成的代理功能块在控制平面与使用单个点播协议的多个流式视频服务的请求协议客户端相连接。
在客户端(例如在机顶盒或STB内)和接入/边缘节点内的代理之间的、针对多个流式视频服务的这种单个请求协议的使用,通常允许视频控制平台和逻辑的更紧密结合。这不仅会导致必须要部署的网络节点的总数的节约(CAPEX节约),还会导致管理开销和网路更深处带宽资源的节约(OPEX节约),这是与使用两个或更多提供这些服务的专用结构或网络单元的情况相比而言的。例如,沿现场直播TV平面被定位的用于时移TV的高速缓存功能,可以利用依赖于所截获广播TV请求和所截获时移TV请求二者的缓存算法。所截获的广播TV请求和时移TV请求例如可以操纵决定缓存哪些频道或节目的缓存算法。更具体地,直播地观看TV频道的观众数量以及时移地观看该频道的观众数量可以被用作输入,来操纵缓存算法进行其关于要存储的频道/节目或片断的选择,以及进行其关于将所述节目或片断缓存多久的决定。
本发明的另一优点在于终端用户设备的简化。由于仅必须支持一个请求协议,因此避免了权利要求11中定义的用户终端中控制和管理逻辑的复制。
如权利要求2中所定义的那样,单个协议典型地被用来控制例如广播TV或多播TV的广播视频服务,以及控制例如时移TV或视频点播的点播视频服务。
如权利要求3所定义的那样,所述单个协议的合适候选是标准化的实时流协议或RTSP。针对广播服务使用如RTSP的点播协议允许客户不仅包括指示客户想要接收的频道的多播地址,而且还包括可能有益于将广播服务增强为更具交互性或以用户为中心的服务的附加信息和/或可能有益于网络中的时移TV高速缓存单元的信息。
应当指出,使用针对简单广播TV观看(频道请求)和更具交互性的点播视频观看二者的、在客户和代理之间所使用的唯一的点播请求协议,并不排除在网络侧使用针对广播服务的多播协议从而保持其多播结构并且维持网络更深处的广播TV内容的带宽有效的递送。在所述情况下,根据本发明的接入节点将利用如权利要求4所定义的转换(translation)功能而被扩展。
作为例子,点播RTSP协议可以在用户侧(客户和代理之间)被用于广播和点播视频服务二者,然而在网络侧,IGMP协议被用于控制广播TV服务而RTSP协议被用于控制点播服务。这在权利要求5中被定义。可选地,RTSP协议可以被修改为内部具有一些附加的报头或信息。RTSP请求可以例如不仅包括所请求频道和/或节目的标识,而且还包括必须从何时开始播放所述频道/节目,这实现了时移TV观看。另外,RTSP固有地支持针对现场直播TV服务的暂停/回放功能,以及针对时移TV服务的暂停/回放/快进功能。
同样可选地,根据本发明的接入节点还可以包括(host)如由权利要求6所定义的用于时移TV服务的智能高速缓冲存储器。所述智能高速缓冲存储器使用包含于针对时移TV节目的请求中的信息和包含于针对广播TV节目的请求中的信息二者,以更新记录配置文件或算法参数,其中根据所述记录配置文件或算法参数来作出要存储的频道、节目或节目片断(权利要求7)及其存储时间(权利要求8)的选择。
本发明还涉及如权利要求10所定义的用于向若干用户提供多个流式视频服务的方法。
附图说明
-图1示出了根据现有技术的支持多个流式视频服务的接入节点;
-图2示出了其中应用本发明的接入网络环境;以及
-图3示出了根据本发明的支持多个流式视频服务的接入节点的实施例。
具体实施方式
图2示出了其中实现了本发明实施例的网络环境。该图示出了广播TV前端202和网络201,其中广播TV前端202通过网络201连接到终端用户。构成网络201一部分的接入和聚集网络是基于xDSL的。端接ADSL或VDSL用户环路的两个DSLAM被示作图2中的221和222。除了传统的DSL线路端接板和网络端接板之外,这些DSLAM还包括分布式PVR板,其在图2中分别被明确地示作231和232。通过这些分布式PVR板,基于单播的时移TV服务在广播TV服务之上被提供给终端用户,其中所述广播TV服务是从广播TV前端202被提供的,并且其依赖于网络201中为每个广播频道所建立的多播树结构。
为请求广播TV频道或时移TV频道/节目,连接到网络201的用户住宅处的机顶盒(STB)使用单个点播信令协议,即RTSP协议。作为例子,RTSP SETUP方法可以在用户开始TV服务时由机顶盒中的RTSP客户端使用。根据是请求了多播/广播TV频道还是请求了单播时移TV频道/节目,所交换的传输参数是不同的。当从例如由运营商Belgacom操作的广播TV前端202请求多播TV频道(例如CNN)时,从用户STB中的RTSP客户端被发送到DSLAM的端口310的RTSP SETUP消息如下:
SETUP rtsp://life_cnn.videoservice.belgacom.be/RTSP/1.0
CSeq:302
Transport:RTP/AVP;multicast;
当请求早先在同一TV频道(CNN)上广播的节目的时移版本时,从用户STB中的RTSP客户端被发送到DSLAM的端口310的RTSP SETUP消息如下:
SETUP rtsp://time_shifted_cnn.videoservice.belgacom.be/RTSP/1.0
CSeq:302
Transport:RTP/AVP;unicast;client_port=4588-4589
在后一时1移请求的情况下,RTSP范围选项可以指示请求了早先传送的流的哪部分。可选地,SETUP方法可以指示所请求的节目。
从所述客户端被发送到DSLAM的端口310的RTSP请求,由图3中标记为301的集成RTSP代理来截获。为了澄清,图3中的DSLAM 300类似于图2中的DSLAM 221和222,但图3更好地强调了实现本发明的这些DSLAM中的功能。所述集成RTSP代理301因而截获来自客户的对广播TV频道的RTSP请求,以及来自请求要传送的时移TV频道或节目的客户的RTSP请求。
当接收对多播TV频道的请求时,RTSP代理301检验该特定TV频道是否已经是可用的,并且如果可用,则对所述RTSP请求作出响应,由此朝向用户STB的TV频道流式传输可以开始。在所请求的多播TV频道在DSLAM 300中还不可用的情况下(由于没有连接到DSLAM 300的其他用户在观看该TV频道),转换器(translator)302将RTSP请求转换成IGMP请求,其中该IGMP请求被IGMP代理303转发到在网络更深处且直接或间接连接到DSLAM 300的端口312的下一个IGMP感知节点。通过在DSLAM 300的网络侧使用IGMP协议,有可能维持用于从广播TV前端202到DSLAM的广播TV频道的带宽有效的递送的多播结构,这需要以一些协议转换/转化逻辑为成本。RTSP到IGMP的转换器302还执行点播控制协议(在所描述的实施例中是RTSP)和多播控制协议(在所描述的实施例中是IGMP)之间的转换和过滤。
当接收针对TV频道或TV节目的时移递送的请求时,RTSP代理301将咨询智能视频缓存304,其中该智能视频缓存304典型地被集成到如图2中的231和232的分布式PVR设备中。智能视频缓存304被请求开始传送时移TV频道或TV节目。在智能视频缓存304不能递送或重构所请求的TV节目或TV频道的情况下,RTSP请求将被集成代理301转发到在网络更深处且直接或间接连接到DSLAM的端口311的下一个RTSP感知节点。最终,该RTSP请求可能被转发到存储所有TV频道上的所有节目的备份视频服务器或TV服务器。
如304的智能视频缓存可用于所有接入和边缘网络节点,其中该接入和边缘网络节点是用于TV频道的现场直播的多播树结构的一部分。被广播的TV节目的智能缓存完全或部分地完成了实现时移TV服务的网络记录功能。被缓存在智能视频高速缓冲存储器中的内容从现场直播TV流或最终从时移TV流(相对于初始直播传输时刻有一定时移地被请求的TV数据流)而被复制。
304中的智能缓存算法决定存储什么节目或TV流、所述内容应当何时被缓存以及被缓存多久,并且还考虑从现场直播TV观看(通过分析针对现场直播TV频道所接收的RTSP请求中的信息)和时移请求(通过分析针对时移TV流或时移TV节目所接收的RTSP请求中的信息)二者所接收的信息。因此,所截获广播TV请求和所截获时移TV请求二者在集成RTSP代理301和智能视频缓存304之间被共享,以操纵智能视频缓存304中的缓存算法。
作为例子,观看TV节目或TV频道的观众数量以及以一定时移观看同一TV节目或TV频道的观众数量,可以操纵所述缓存算法进行其关于要存储的频道、节目或节目片断的选择,以及进行其关于存储所述内容多久的决定。
在另一例子中,包含于针对广播TV的RTSP请求中的信息,可以由存在于同一节点内的智能视频缓存304使用,以指示何时开始缓存现场直播TV流。由终端用户STB发出的RTSP广播TV请求实际上不仅可以指示当前在TV频道上广播的节目(名称、开始时间和结束时间),而且还可以指示下一个节目的开始时间。节目信息典型地由IPTV中间件服务器定期下载到STB中,用于电子节目指南(EPG)中。智能视频缓存304可以使用该信息来得知新的节目何时开始,因此该频道的哪个下一时间窗必须被存储到所述高速缓冲存储器中。这允许所述缓存算法以独立的模式工作,即关于编程,它不需要来自中央服务器的配置输入。
在又一例子中,缓存决定是基于当前请求速率或对将来请求速率的预测来被作出的,并且实时地发生,即当请求到达如DSLAM 300的接入/边缘节点时。可以通过向当前和过去的请求学习并且动态更新针对IPTV的已知用户请求模型的参数,来作出对将来请求速率的预测。在该情况下,智能缓存304可以执行滑动间隔(sliding interval)缓存:所缓存的内容由可用流的段组成,其中所述段的大小取决于该内容的流行度(popularity)。这些段最初是所述流的增长的前缀(增长的视频流的第一部分),直到整个流被存储或直到通过该内容的流行度所确定的某一特定时刻。在整个视频流被存储的第一种情况下,服务体验类似于终端用户的标准视频点播。在后一种情况下,所述段的大小停止增长,并且所述前缀开始滑动以便仅存储视频流的最新的部分。这样,可以在合适的窗口内从开始到结束服务于新的请求。如暂停、快进或回放的交互命令可以被智能缓存304支持,只要它们不越过当前服务窗口的边界。
所述智能缓存算法可以同时在广播TV多播树中的每个接入/边缘节点上被执行。所述智能缓存可以单独决定存储哪些段、存储多久以及以什么大小(分层缓存),或可选地,所述智能缓存可以与多播树中的其它智能缓存协作来决定存储哪些段、存储多久以及以什么大小(协作缓存)。对于协作缓存,所述智能缓存可以使用对等控制消息。在分层缓存的情况下,缓存节点将它无法为其提供服务的对节目的进入请求发送到位于至IPTV服务器的路径上的下一个缓存。在协作缓存的情况下,缓存节点可以将进入请求转发到在多播树中同一层上的另一缓存节点,其中该另一缓存节点存储了所请求服务的合适窗口。这样,存储空间可以在不同的智能缓存之间被共享,这还增强了IPTV缓存解决方案的效率,减少了服务器和核心网负载,并且导致了更平衡的接入网负载。
应当指出,如果使用如可缩放视频编码或以用户为中心的视频流式传输的技术,则用于控制广播TV和点播时移TV服务二者的RTSP协议的使用还可以利用DSLAM 300。RTSP协议消息可以包含关于用户终端能力的信息,这使得例如集成代理301或DSLAM 300中的视频流式传输逻辑能够例如通过代码转换来适配视频流,或针对DSLAM内如准入控制和授权的其它内置功能块来修改所述流。这是因为RTSP协议像任何其它点播请求协议一样,允许例如在SDP中包括所有类型的信息,而不是仅包括所请求的频道或节目,该SDP是结合如RTSP或SIP的请求协议而被使用的会话描述协议。
综上所述,截获并解释针对广播TV服务和时移TV服务二者的请求的集成RTSP代理301,实现了接入或边缘节点(DSLAM 300)中的单个视频控制平台,而不管用户是观看直播TV还是具有时移的TV。连接到DSLAM 300的机顶盒或终端用户终端被简化,这是因为它们仅需要唯一的RTSP客户端,其中该RTSP客户端发出针对广播服务和时移服务二者的请求。接入节点300中的单个视频控制平台还实现了智能视频缓存、以用户为中心的或可缩放的视频流式传输以及整个网络201中的优化的(缩减的)带宽和存储容量需求,这包括较少的要部署的网络单元和较少的管理开销。
尽管已参考指定实施例说明了本发明,然而可以在本发明的精神和范围内实现各种改变和修改对本领域的技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此期望覆盖在本专利申请所公开并主张其优先权的基本原理的精神和范围之内的任何修改、变型或等价物。例如,xDSL技术可以用其它接入技术(例如PON或基于电缆的接入网络)来替代,上面描述的端口可以被逻辑地和/或物理地组合,不同的功能块301、302、303和304可以被逻辑地或物理地集成,并且可以被实现在软件、硬件或其组合中(这些功能块可以例如被集成到单个ASIC或部件中,它们可以构成接入节点中各个视频卡的一部分,或它们可以被实现在现有DSL线路卡或网络端接板上,等等)。在网络侧连接的RTSP到IGMP的转换器和IGMP代理是可选的,并且在本发明的实施例中不是必需的,其中在本发明的实施例中没有将多播树结构用于接入节点以进行广播TV频道的递送。同样,RTSP和IGMP协议是分别作为点播请求协议和广播请求协议的例子而给出的,然而本发明的适用性不限于特定的请求协议。任何其它现有的请求协议,特别是如SIP(会话起始协议)的点播请求协议、HTTP(超文本传输协议)、ITU的H.323协议的不同版本,或任何这些协议的将来版本、修改或增强,都可以以同样的优势用于本发明的情形。

Claims (11)

1.一种接入/边缘网络节点(300),该节点包括用户线路端接设备、用户线路聚集设备和网络端接设备,用于端接并聚集来自和去往网络链路上的若干用户的双向数据分组业务,并且包括用于多个流式视频服务的代理功能块,
其特征在于,所述代理功能块(301)适于在用户侧端接针对至少两个所述流式视频服务的单个请求协议。
2.根据权利要求1的接入/边缘网络节点(300),
其特征在于,至少两个所述流式视频服务包括至少一个点播类的流式视频服务和至少一个广播类的视频服务。
3.根据权利要求1的接入/边缘网络节点(300),
其特征在于,所述单个请求协议是实时流协议。
4.根据权利要求1的接入/边缘网络节点(300),
其特征在于,所述接入/边缘网络节点(300)还包括适于将用户侧的单个请求协议转换成网络侧的至少两个请求协议的协议转换功能块(302)。
5.根据权利要求4的接入/边缘网络节点(300),
其特征在于,网络侧的所述至少两个请求协议包括实时流协议和互联网组管理协议。
6.根据权利要求1的接入/边缘网络节点(300),
其特征在于,所述接入/边缘网络节点还包括用于利用智能缓存算法存储视频的高速缓冲存储器(304),该高速缓冲存储器有效耦合到所述代理功能块(301),并且能够分析从所述单个请求协议中获取的信息并且由此智能地决定所要暂时缓存的视频频道或视频节目。
7.根据权利要求6的接入/边缘网络节点(300),
其特征在于,所述智能缓存算法还能够决定缓存视频节目的哪些片断。
8.根据权利要求7的接入/边缘网络节点(300),
其特征在于,所述智能缓存算法还能够决定将所述片断缓存多久。
9.根据权利要求1的接入/边缘网络节点(300),
其特征在于,所述流式视频服务包括以下服务中的两个或更多:广播TV服务、时移TV服务、视频点播服务、准视频点播服务、多播TV服务、以用户为中心的广播TV服务、按次付费的TV服务。
10.一种用于经由接入/边缘网络节点(300)向若干用户提供多个流式视频服务的方法,其中所述接入/边缘网络节点端接并聚集针对所述若干用户的双向数据分组业务,
其特征在于,所述方法包括:在用户终端和所述接入/边缘网络节点(300)之间、针对所述流式视频服务中的至少两个使用单个请求协议,并且在所述接入/边缘网络节点(300)代理所述单个请求协议。
11.一种用户终端,其能够在用户住宅端接通过用户线路所接收的多个流式视频服务,
其特征在于,所述用户终端包括用于针对所述流式视频服务中至少两个产生请求信号的单个请求协议客户端。
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