CN1953191A - 安装在机动车上帮助驱动和/或自动启动该机动车上所设置***的光学传感器装置 - Google Patents
安装在机动车上帮助驱动和/或自动启动该机动车上所设置***的光学传感器装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种可以安装在机动车上用于根据检测到的环境状况而帮助驾驶和/或用于自动启动一个或多个车载***的光学传感器装置,它包括具有CCD或CMOS类型阵列的传感器模块(10),该阵列的感光区域分成专用于不同功能的子区域,这些子区域彼此分开并设置为分离一定距离,并且位于邻近阵列的感光区域的四个顶点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可以安装在机动车上并且可以用于帮助驱动和/或自动致动(或启动)该机动车上的车载***的光学传感器装置。
特别地,本发明涉及一种光学传感器装置,它包括:
呈CCD或CMOS阵列形式的光学传感器,其具有在其中限定出多个子区域的感光区域,每个子区域设计成用于与监控机动车前方的景象和/或检测环境参数相对应的特定光学功能;和
多个具有不同光轴方向和/或视场的光学***,其设计成向所述阵列的感光区域的相应的子区域发送光学信号以执行上述功能,
其中至少一些所述子区域由所述阵列的感光区域中的专用于不同光学功能的不同和分开的部分所限定;且
其中阵列的感光区域的所述不同和分开部分至少包括:
感光区域的顶部的第一部分,其限定出用于检测机动车前方的雾的第一子区域;
感光区域的第二不同部分,其限定出用于检测曙暮光状况的第二子区域;
感光区域的底部,其限定出与所述第一子区域和与所述第二子区域分开用于监控机动车前方的景象的第三子区域;
感光区域的顶部的其他部分,其限定出与第一、第二和第三子区域不同并分开、用于检测机动车的挡风玻璃上或者后窗上雨或水雾(或雨滴或雾气)存在性的第四子区域;
用于传送光学信号到用于检测雾的所述第一子区域上的第一光学***,其包括用于在机动车前方的空间的方向上发射光的光发射器、用于接收机动车前方可能存在的雾所散射的光的接收器、和用于将所接收到的光仅定向到所述阵列的感光区域的所述第一子区域上的光学装置;和
第二光学***、第三光学***和第四光学***,设置为将光学信号定向到所述阵列的感光区域的所述第二、第三和第四子区域上,以分别用于检测曙暮光、用于通过对本车辆交会在相对方向上接近的另一车辆的状况或者对穿过隧道状况的特别参照来监控车辆前方的景象、和用于检测机动车的车窗上的雨或水雾。
背景技术
具有全部上述特征的传感器装置构成了以本申请人名义递交的欧洲专利申请No.EP 1 418 089 A2的主题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是进一步改进先前提出的装置,特别是出于以下目的:
增大“集成度”水平,即在给定相同的阵列感光区域时允许更多数量的集成功能,或者在给定相同功能时允许感光区域的减小以及由此阵列的减小;
减小光学***的尺寸以及由此减小传感器装置的整体尺寸;
更好地控制光学元件相对于彼此和相对于阵列的感光区域的位置和取向;
更好地控制阵列的感光区域的子区域之间的分隔;和
简化传感器装置的制造和组装过程。
为了实现上述和其他目的,本发明的主题是具有所附权利要求1中阐明的特征的传感器装置。
此外本发明的优选和有利特征在从属权利要求中指明。
附图说明
现在将通过纯粹以非限制性目的提供的附图描述本发明,其中:
图1是根据本发明的传感器装置的实施例的示例与对应的支撑***的立体图;
图2包括三个在图1的实施例的示例中使用的传感器装置的支撑容器的立体图;
图3和4是两个图1中所示的支撑件的立体图;
图5是根据本发明的传感器装置的主要部件的分解立体图;
图6是表示光学***的工作原理的示意性立体图,其利用反向散射辐射的发射和接收来检测车辆的周围环境中的雾或者一般而言其可见度;
图7是图5中箭头VII所示的光学***的示意性立体图;
图8是图5中箭头VIII所示的光学***的示意性立体图;
图9是图5中箭头IX所示的光学***的示意性立体图;
图10是图5中箭头X所示的光学***的示意性立体图;和
图11是根据本发明的装置中使用的光学传感器阵列的感光区域的示意性主视图,其表示所述感光区域优选分成专用于特定功能的子区域。
具体实施方式
图1图示出了根据本发明的传感器装置的实施例的示例,其设计成应用到邻近机动车的挡风玻璃,以允许光学监控车前的景象。但是,根据本发明的装置也可以安装到机动车的其他区域,例如邻近后窗的内表面,以允许监控车后的景象。在图示的示例的情况下,整体由附图标记1指示的传感器装置包括支撑结构2,该支撑结构2由机动车的内后视镜的常用支撑件进行相应修改而成。支撑件2具有设计成粘附到挡风玻璃的内表面的顶表面2a,并具有带空腔3的主体,该空腔3朝前面(即在机动车的前进方向上,在图1中由箭头A表示)开口(也参照图3和4)。上述空腔设计成容纳任何已知类型的照明装置(未示出),该照明装置设计成照明挡风玻璃的表面,以允许通过反射光辐射的光学接收器检测挡风玻璃上雨滴或者雾气的存在性,如以下将详细讨论的那样。
空腔3还被用于电连接在传感器单元4上设置的光学传感器的扁平电缆穿过(或横穿),该传感器单元4以可分离的方式连接到从支撑件2的主体的下端在前方突伸出的装接臂5上(也参照图3)。支撑件2的主体也在对应其下端的位置具有通道2b,其在前部开口,并且在将顶端具有通道2c(图4),其在背部开口。通道2b、2c分别允许横穿主体2的扁平电缆在传感器单元4的方向和机动车车载电路方向上的出口。再次参照图1、3和4,空腔3侧向上通过具有狭缝2d的壁来限定,狭缝2d用于空腔3内设置的照明装置的通风。最后,图4示出了在背部从支撑件2的下端突出的附件2e,其设计成允许根据本身已知的技术固定机动车的内部后视镜。
参照图2,在图示的特定示例的情况下,传感器单元4具有在图2A、B、C中总体上以附图标记6指示的辅助支撑结构。辅助支撑结构6包括后板7,后板7设置有用于连接到支撑件2的装接件5的附件7a,以及用于被引导穿过支撑件2的扁平电缆的通路的出口7b。
后板7在其前表面上具有一对平行的垂直轨7c,它们设定成彼此分开一定距离(图2A),一对支撑件8、9在它们彼此分开一定距离的位置(图2A)和它们彼此靠近的位置(图2B)之间滑动的安装在垂直轨7c上,该对支撑件8、9设计成在它们之间夹持传感器模块10。图1图示出了在其被安装在设定为彼此横靠的两个支撑件8、9之间的传感器模块的状态。图5图示出了传感器模块10的分解立体图。
参照图5,传感器模块10具有由印刷电路板(PCB)11构成的后板,该印刷电路板11在背部设置有用于连接到一个或多个扁平导体的连接器12,并且在前部承载有由CCD或CMOS类型光学传感器阵列构成的光学传感器13。
附图中的图11是附加板中传感器阵列13的感光区域的示意图,并表示出该区域如何被划分成专用于不同特定功能的子区域。如以下将详细说明的那样,实际上,传感器装置设置有多个光学***,每个光学***都设计成执行一系列可能功能中的特定光学功能,例如通过对另一迎面接近车辆的交会、或者对穿过隧道的特别参照来监控车前的景象、或者对曙暮光的检测、或者对挡风玻璃上雨滴或水雾存在性的检测、或者对机动车前部雾的检测等。如将了解到的那样,每个所述光学***以如下方式被预先进行布置,即在上述子区域中的一个特定的子区域中在其输入处接收光学信号,以允许该***同时执行所有上述特定功能。这样,该***能够根据所检测到的环境条件,对驾驶员在驾驶机动车和/或自动致动机动车的一个或多个车载***方面提供有用的帮助。
如可从图11观察到,阵列13的感光区域的顶部的邻近该区域右上顶点(当在图11中图示的示例中观察时)的一部分专用于经由主动技术检测雾,即通过在专用于该目的的光发射器照明后检测由雾散射的光辐射来检测雾。
在图示的示例情况下,允许利用主动技术检测雾的光发射器由在支撑件8的前表面上制成的座15(图2)中容纳的LED源14(图1)构成。
图6是在挡风玻璃W的内表面上的安装位置中的传感器装置1的示意图,并示出了LED14的照明圆锥区14a。该图还示出了圆锥区16a,其构成由机动车前可能存在的任何雾所散射的光辐射的接收器的视场,该接收器包括设计成安装在板支撑件17的座16b中,该板支撑件17在框架18***的情况下通过接合到在支撑件17、18和11中分别形成的孔17a、18a和11a的螺钉而被拧紧到板11上。
用作检测雾的发射器的LED14是近红外LED。透镜16优选地是平凸会聚透镜,带通滤波器19(参见图9)与透镜16相关联。如图所示,透镜16取向为其光轴不与挡风玻璃W正交(图6),因为考虑到车窗的反射这可能产生问题,这种反射可能比大气反向散射信号更强。结果,已选择透镜16的光轴不与挡风玻璃正交的取向(图6)。此外,LED14和透镜16取向为在挡风玻璃W之外的点中接收器的视场重叠在离开LED的光束上(图6)。
再次参照图9,滤光器19的下游串联设置两个光阑20、21,它们限制到达阵列13的光束的孔径。
返回图11,在图示的示例情况下,传感器阵列13的感光区域具有与感光区域的左下顶点相邻的专用于检测曙暮光的第二子区域。来自包括光纤(图5)的光学***的光信号传送到所述子区域上,该光纤具有相对于车辆的行进方向向上和向右取向的一端22a。所述取向是从向上取向传感器的需要、其他光学***的存在引起的空间限制和尽可能容纳传感器的整体尺寸的需要之间的折衷而获得的。
光纤后端22b发射出发散的锥形光束,此光束经由双凸透镜23而会聚到阵列13上(也参照图10)。
再次参照图11,在图示的示例情况下,阵列13的感光区域具有与感光区域的右下顶点(当在图11中观察时)相邻的第三子区域,其专用于在对交会相反方向上行进的另一车辆的检测和对通过被动技术对雾的检测(例如只利用由景象发射的辐射而不利用发射器发射的光散射)进行特别参照来监控车前景象。容纳在所述子区域内的是专用于检测经过隧道状况的又一子区域。这些功能借助于在图7中示意性图示并且其比例放大的光学***24来执行,该光学***24将发自其中的光学信号引导朝向上述子区域。光学***24包括一对透镜25、26,将一个透镜设置在另一个透镜的下游并具有在车辆行进方向上取向的光轴。所述功能的光隔离已经利用尺寸接近成像平面的尺寸的矩形场阑27获得。设置在两个透镜25和26之间的是光阑28;更确切地,光阑28设置在从不同角度离开透镜25的光束相交的区域中,并且实际上这通过在支撑件17中制出小圆开口290(图5)来实现。此外场阑还优选地由在支撑件17的后部中制出的矩形开口构成。
再次参照图11,阵列13的感光区域最后具有与左上顶点(在图11中观察时)相邻的子区域,其专用于借助主动技术即利用来自在支撑件2的空腔3中设置的发射器(图1、3、4)的光辐射的反射来检测挡风玻璃上雨滴或水雾的存在性。由上述发射器所发出并被挡风玻璃上的雨滴或水雾所反射的光辐射被光学***29(图5)接收,此光学***29在图8中以放大比例图示出。光学***29包括NIR滤光器30、第一透镜31、第二透镜32、棱镜33和第三透镜34,它们一个设置在另一个的下游。光学***29聚焦挡风玻璃W的一部分。为此,该***面对挡风玻璃的端部的光轴与挡风玻璃正交,同时该***面对传感器13的端部的光轴与传感器阵列正交。利用在全反射中操作的棱镜33,或者利用镜面来获得偏转(例如,在60°区域中)。在全反射情况下,相对于入射平面对两种极化状态反射系数最大,同时,对于利用金属镜面的解决方案,离法线60°处的反射系数不是最大(对于铝约0.9)并且其在平行于入射平面的极性中(0.86)小于在正交极性中(0.95)。光学***29设置对装置的主要几何约束。离挡风玻璃的距离和对所监控的表面的刮擦状况实际上确定了传感器装置1在车辆中的位置。对于雨功能,由近红外LED和平凸光束成形透镜构成的***照明所关注的全部区域。对于水雾功能,单个窄发散红外LED产生足够小的辐射斑,其确切地辨识成像平面上水雾的存在性,并由此将挡风玻璃的内侧上的水雾与外侧的水雾区别开。两个照明器(未示出)集成在支撑件2的空腔3中并对准挡风玻璃的监控区域。
如图5所示,用于前部监控的光学***24和用于检测雾的光学***16、用于检测雨的光学***的后透镜34、和用于光纤聚焦以检测曙暮光状况的透镜23集成在支撑件17中,该支撑件17例如由阳极化金属材料制成。其余光学器件***辅助支撑件35中,该辅助支撑件35还设置有用于装配到支撑件17、框架18和板11的固定孔35a。支撑件35包括用于光学***29的壳体35b。设置定距片(或多个定距片)以应用在板11和支撑件17之间从而获得聚焦,不考虑传感器13的制造公差。
根据一种变型,用于检测迎面接近车辆的交会的光学***24可以由光学微变焦***构成,以增大可以利用一个或相同的光学器件执行的前部监控功能的数量。这样,可以顺序(相继的操作)执行以其自身特定视场和范围为特征的功能。
传感器13可以是根据集成的功能的数量和类型具有不同分辨率的单色或彩色的CCD或CMOS类型。传感器阵列可以集成像素或芯片级的预处理功能。
根据优选的特征,CMOS传感器具有对数响应以代表作为像素光强的函数的可见度准线性曲线(以米表达),并且由此代表高于100米可见度水平的更大分辨率。
根据其他优选的特征,彩色的CMOS传感器能够提高可见度评估算法的巩固性。在有雾情况下的RGB水平进入饱和,使得图像不太亮并且趋于发白。
根据本发明的多功能传感器可以在不同机动车应用中使用,例如具有不同构形和功能组合的轿车、卡车、公共汽车、有轨电车、农用机器、推土装置。
如果该装置被集成,如图上述示例中的情况一样,则在挡风玻璃的附近,除了以上已经说明的那些外,执行的功能可以包括以下功能,例如检测车辆的高低水平、车道检测(用于控制相适应的大灯或者用于为更换车道的警示功能)、夜视、NIR景象检测、路标检测、行人检测和“黑匣子”功能。
该装置也可以集成到机动车的后窗附近。在此情况下,有用的功能是:曙暮光的检测、车窗雨/水雾(内部和外部)和冰的检测、可见度(雾)的检测、以及后部监控(例如作为泊车辅助)。作为泊车功能的增加或者替代而可以增加的其他功能是:监控盲角、监控车辆高低水平、车道检测(更换车道的警示)、和黑匣子功能。
根据本发明的装置也可以集成到机动车的外部后视镜中。在此情况下,有用的功能是:曙暮光的检测、可见度的检测、后部监控、和后视镜盲角的消除。可以集成的其他功能是:帮助泊车、检测高低水平、车道检测(更换车道的警示)、和黑匣子。为了消除后视镜的盲角,可以提供视野的两个不同变化以覆盖不同的方向和范围。
根据本发明的传感器装置专用于其的功能当然允许为驾驶员的驾驶或者自动致动车载装置提供帮助。
例如,曙暮光状况的检测或者经过隧道的检测可以用于自动致动机动车灯的接通和断开。
雾的检测可以用于自动致动前雾灯和后雾灯,或者用于后灯强度的调节。
雨的检测可以用于自动致动或者自动解除致动挡风玻璃雨刷装置,和用于调节挡风玻璃雨刷装置的速度。
与迎面接近车辆交会的检测可以用于相应地控制机动车的远光。
行进车道的检测可以用于产生对不期望车道变换或者对在弯道上确定大灯定向报警。
机动车高低水平的状况的检测可以用于自动调节大灯在垂直平面上的取向。
根据本发明的传感器装置允许将接收到的信号记录在存储器中,由此具有下载的可能性,在发生事故后,图像对于判断责任或者对于检测其他车辆的号码牌可能有用。
最后,无线通信被构想为用于传送数据到例如车辆上使用的识别器装置,也用于其他功能,例如存储车辆数据、个性化车辆和允许打开车门和启动发动机。
当然,在不脱离本发明原理的情况下,构造和实施例的细节相对于此处说明和图示的内容可以进行很大地变化,而不会由此背离本发明的范围。
Claims (11)
1.一种光学传感器装置,包括:
呈CCD或CMOS阵列形式的光学传感器,其具有其中限定出多个子区域的感光区域,每个所述子区域设计成用于与监控机动车前方的景象和/或检测环境参数相对应的特定光学功能;和
多个带有不同光轴方向和/或视场的光学***,其设计成向所述阵列的所述感光区域的相应的所述子区域发送光学信号,以执行所述功能;
其中至少一些所述子区域由所述阵列的所述感光区域中专用于不同光学功能的不同和分开的部分所限定;且
其中所述阵列的所述感光区域的所述不同和分开部分至少包括:
所述感光区域的顶部的第一部分,限定出用于检测机动车前方的雾的第一子区域;
所述感光区域的第二不同部分,限定出用于检测曙暮光状况的第二子区域;
所述感光区域的底部,限定出与所述第一子区域和与所述第二子区域分开用于监控机动车前方的景象的第三子区域;
所述感光区域的顶部的其他部分,限定出与第一、第二和第三子区域不同并分开、用于检测机动车的挡风玻璃上或者后窗上的雨滴或水雾存在性的第四子区域;
用于传送光学信号到用于检测雾的所述第一子区域上的第一光学***,其包括用于在机动车前方的空间的方向上发射光的光发射器、用于接收机动车前方可能存在的雾所散射的光的接收器、和用于将所接收到的光仅定向到所述阵列的所述感光区域的所述第一子区域上的光学装置;和
第二光学***、第三光学***和第四光学***,设置为将光学信号定向到所述阵列的所述感光区域的所述第二、第三和第四子区域上,以分别用于检测曙暮光状况、用于通过对本车辆在相对方向上交会接近的另一车辆的状况或者对穿过隧道状况的特别参照来监控车辆前方的景象、和用于检测机动车的车窗上的雨滴或水雾,
所述光学传感器装置的特征在于:
所述阵列(13)的所述感光区域的所述第一、第二、第三和第四子区域占据所述阵列(13)的所述感光区域中彼此分开一定距离、并且分别与所述阵列(13)的所述感光区域的四个不同顶点相邻的部分;
所述阵列由形成传感器模块(10)一部分的板(11)支撑,所述传感器模块包括所述光学***的至少一部分;
所述传感器模块(10)安装在支撑结构(2、8、9)内;
所述支撑结构(2、8、9)支撑专用于检测雾的功能的所述发射器(14)、和专用于检测机动车的车窗上的雨和/或水雾的功能的另一发射器;
接收由雾散射的辐射的所述光学***(16)这样取向,按照其向上指向的并且朝向机动车的一侧的不与挡风玻璃正交的轴线,并且按照位于挡风玻璃之外的区域中与所述发射器(14)的照明锥形(14a)交叉的锥形(16);
设计用于前方监控功能的所述光学***(24)包括至少一个其光轴与行进的方向平行的透镜(25);
用于检测曙暮光状况的所述光学***(22)包括光纤(22),所述光纤具有向上取向并且相对于车辆的行进方向位于一侧上的前端(22a),和用于使发出光束会聚在所述阵列(13)的相应的所述子区域上的后端,与之相关联的是透镜(23);和
用于检测机动车的车窗上的雨或水雾的所述光学***(29)在其一端处包括透镜(30),所述透镜(30)面对机动车的车窗并且其光轴垂直于所述车窗,并且在另一端处包括其光轴垂直于所述阵列(13)的透镜(34),并且光学装置(33)设置在所述透镜(30、34)之间用于将来自所述第一透镜(30)的光束偏转向所述第二透镜(34),
所述光学部件安装在承载所述阵列(13)的所述后部板(11)上固定的支撑件(17、35)中,所述支撑件与所述光学部件一起构成所述传感器模块(10)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传感器装置,其特征在于,在用于检测雾的所述透镜(16)的下游设置滤光器(19)和一个或多个光阑(20、21)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的传感器装置,其特征在于,在用于检测在相对方向上前进的交会的另一车辆和经过隧道的所述至少一个透镜(25)的下游,设置另一透镜(26)和光阑(27),用于限制来自光学***的定向到所述阵列(13)的相应的所述子区域的光束的横截面积,另一光阑(28)设置在两个所述透镜(25、26)之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的传感器装置,其特征在于,与所述光纤(22)的后端相关联的所述透镜(23)是双凸透镜。
5.根据权利要求1所述的传感器装置,其特征在于,用于检测雾功能和用于检测机动车的车窗上的雨或水雾的功能的所述发射器装置由近红外LED源构成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的传感器装置,其特征在于,所述传感器模块(10)的支撑结构(17、35)包括螺纹连接到一起并螺纹连接到承载传感器阵列(13)的后板(11)的两个分开的支撑板(17、35),所述支撑板中的第一支撑板(17)承载用于监控前方可见度的光学器件(16、24)、用于雨功能的后透镜(34)和与所述光纤(22)相关联的用于检测曙暮光状况的聚焦透镜(23),第二支撑板(35)承载其余光学部件并且特别地包括专用于检测雨的光学***(29)的外壳(35a),所述光学***(29)除了所述第一透镜(30)还包括串联设置在所述第一透镜(30)下游的两个其他透镜(31、32)和全内反射棱镜(33),所述全内反射棱镜(33)将来自所述其他透镜(31、32)的光束偏转朝向所述***的面对传感器阵列(13)的端部处的所述透镜(34)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的传感器装置,其特征在于,在承载所述阵列(13)的所述后部板(11)和所述支撑板(17、35)之间设置为所述***的聚焦而选择的定距片。
8.根据权利要求1所述的传感器装置,其特征在于,用于检测在相对方向上前进的交会的另一车辆的功能的光学***包括光学微变焦***。
9.根据权利要求1所述的传感器装置,其特征在于,所述阵列(13)是具有对数响应的OMOS类型。
10.根据权利要求1所述的传感器装置,其特征在于,所述阵列(13)是彩色CMOS类型。
11.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的传感器装置,其特征在于,所述传感器装置与电子控制单元相关联,所述电子控制单元设计成作为从所述传感器装置接收到的信号的功能而自动启动机动车的一个或多个车载***。
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EP05425745A EP1777943B1 (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2005-10-21 | Multifunctional optical sensor device for driving aids in motor-vehicles |
EP05425745.6 | 2005-10-21 |
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US (1) | US7365303B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1777943B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP4602303B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100533748C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE383031T1 (zh) |
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- 2005-10-21 EP EP05425745A patent/EP1777943B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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2006
- 2006-09-18 US US11/522,342 patent/US7365303B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-21 CN CNB2006101398435A patent/CN100533748C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-21 JP JP2006256151A patent/JP4602303B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN100533748C (zh) | 2009-08-26 |
DE602005004156D1 (de) | 2008-02-14 |
EP1777943B1 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
JP4602303B2 (ja) | 2010-12-22 |
EP1777943A1 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
DE602005004156T2 (de) | 2008-12-18 |
JP2007114193A (ja) | 2007-05-10 |
JP3163889U (ja) | 2010-11-04 |
US20070090311A1 (en) | 2007-04-26 |
ATE383031T1 (de) | 2008-01-15 |
US7365303B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 |
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