CN1943956A - Expansion connecting method for titanium and aluminium dissimillar non-ferrous metal - Google Patents
Expansion connecting method for titanium and aluminium dissimillar non-ferrous metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN1943956A CN1943956A CN 200610068957 CN200610068957A CN1943956A CN 1943956 A CN1943956 A CN 1943956A CN 200610068957 CN200610068957 CN 200610068957 CN 200610068957 A CN200610068957 A CN 200610068957A CN 1943956 A CN1943956 A CN 1943956A
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Abstract
The diffusion connecting method for dissimilar non-ferrous metals, such as titanium and aluminum, belongs to the field of material processing technology. The connection process includes the following steps: 1. plating assisting treatment of the surface of metal titanium; 2. aluminum immersing treatment of the surface of metal titanium; 3. cleaning treatment of the surface of metal titanium; 4. cleaning treatment of the surface of metal aluminum to be connected; 5. superposing titanium and aluminum and assembling connecting part; and 6. vacuum diffusion connecting. The connection process is simple, low in cost and high in connecting effect and the present invention provides one new way for the connection between dissimilar non-ferrous metals.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the diffusion method of attachment between a kind of dissimilar metal, relate in particular to the diffusion method of attachment of a kind of titanium and aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal, belong to the materials processing technology field.
Background technology
Titanium and alloy thereof have linear expansion coefficient and characteristic such as elastic modelling quantity is little, corrosion resistance is strong, and its range of application relates to many fields such as Aero-Space, communication, chemical industry, the energy, boats and ships, automobile, wherein to use at most at aerospace field.Aluminium alloy has become structural material main in aircraft manufacturing, communication, boats and ships and the automobile production owing to have advantages such as specific strength height, density is little, plasticity is good.
Because the extensive use of titanium, aluminium and alloy thereof and to the requirement of some property parts, be necessary titanium is connected with aluminium, form good stability, high temperature resistant and have a composite structural member of higher-strength, to give full play to the characteristic potentiality of titanium, aluminium and alloy thereof, enlarge it in Application for Field such as Aero-Space.But, titanium and aluminium mutual solubility at normal temperatures is extremely low, and fusing point and linear expansion coefficient differ greatly, if adopt conventional method of attachment, can on titanium/aluminium combination interface, form the hard and crisp intermetallic compound that is layered distribution in a large number because of the transition fusing of aluminium, as TiAl, Ti
3Al, TiAl
3Deng, cause that interfacial stress is concentrated, when being subjected to stress or impacting at combination interface brittle failure takes place easily.And because the very easily oxidation and be subjected to the pollution of atmosphere at high temperature of titanium, aluminium and alloy thereof, the mechanical property that adopts conventional method to connect back titanium/aluminium welding point obviously descends, and directly influences the application of titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal composite structural member at aerospace field.
Existing connection titanium is to carry out vacuum brazing or spread being connected as solder with the Al-11.5Si eutectic alloy that contains Sn, Ga or Mg with the method for aluminium and alloy thereof.The composition that needs strict control Al-11.5Si eutectic alloy solder when adopting vacuum brazing method to connect titanium and aluminium and alloy thereof; When diffusion connects titanium and aluminium and alloy thereof, because the aluminium surface generates the abundant diffusion that oxide hinders atom easily, need take some special and strict process measures, otherwise, easily generate oxide or the intermetallic compound that is unfavorable for spreading connection at combination interface, reduce the bond strength of joint.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency that is connected titanium/aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal at vacuum brazing in the prior art with existing Pervasion Weld Technology, the problem to be solved in the present invention is, a kind of vacuum diffusion welding technology that is connected titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal under the situation that does not adopt solder and intermediate layer is proposed, to obtain to have Ti/A diffusion jointing than high bond strength.That the diffusion method of attachment of titanium of the present invention and aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal has is easy to operate, cost is low, advantage such as easy to utilize, is applicable to being connected of titanium or titanium alloy and aluminium and aluminium alloy.
The diffusion method of attachment of titanium of the present invention and aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal, form by following step:
(1) surface of metal titanium helps plating to handle: earlier surface of metal titanium is carried out machining or with thin abrasive paper for metallograph polishing, used alcohol, clear water flushing then, afterwards titanium is immersed to help and handle 10min～20min in the plating liquor;
(2) surface of metal titanium infiltration aluminium is handled: will help titanium after plating is handled to transfer at 680 ℃～720 ℃ temperature conditions and infiltrate in the aluminum melt, hot aluminizing is carried out on the titanium top layer, soaking the aluminium time is 20min～30min, and the aluminized coating THICKNESS CONTROL is in 50 μ m～100 mu m ranges;
(3) surface of metal titanium of infiltration behind the aluminium handled again: the surface of metal titanium after the aluminising is processed or polished flat, and diffusion connects in the preposition dilute hydrofluoric acid solution cleans 2min～5min, and clear water flushing then, acetone clean to cleaning fully, and drying is stand-by;
(4) aluminum metal surface treatment to be connected: machining is carried out on aluminum metal surface to be connected, the upper and lower surface that is connected workpiece with assurance is parallel, 6 grades of fineness, with thin abrasive paper for metallograph polishing, after alcohol, clear water clean, place dilute hydrofluoric acid solution to clean 2min～5min then, with oxide and the organic film of removing surface to be connected, clear water flushing then, acetone clean to complete cleaning, and drying is stand-by;
(5) superimposed assembling connecting piece: connection workpiece stand-by after the above-mentioned processing is placed vacuum chamber, superimposed assembling and use, push-down head fixes, compress;
(6) the vacuum diffusion connects: with technological parameter be: 560 ℃～620 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, temperature retention time 40min～70min connects pressure 5MPa～16MPa, vacuum 1.33 * 10
-5The condition of Pa spreads connection to connecting workpiece, and temperature retention time finishes the back cools off vacuum chamber by water circulation and filling nitrogen fast, when treating that the vacuum chamber temperature is cooled to below 100 ℃, can blow-on take out connector.
In the diffusion method of attachment of above-mentioned titanium and aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal, described to help plating liquor to be meant at mass percent concentration be to add the solution that mass percent is 0.2%～1.0% Zn in 30%～35% the HCl aqueous solution.
In the diffusion method of attachment of above-mentioned titanium and aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal, describedly help that the processing time is preferably 15min～20min in the plating liquor.
In the diffusion method of attachment of above-mentioned titanium and aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal, the proportioning of described aluminising liquation is: by percentage to the quality: 92%～94% commercial-purity aluminium, 2%～4%Fe (cast iron chip), 2%～5%Si, 0.1%～0.5%Re (rare earth).The preparation and the application process of described aluminising liquation are: take by weighing described component by mass percent, mixing places the crucible of well-type electric furnace, is warming up to 680 ℃～720 ℃, and material is melted fully, promptly can be used for hot aluminizing is carried out on the titanium top layer.
Technical essential of the present invention be diffusion connect before earlier in surface of metal titanium liquid infiltration layer of aluminum to be connected, make the abundant metallurgical binding of titanium and aluminized coating, form fine and close liquid infiltration aluminium lamination, and then carry out vacuum with aluminium and alloy thereof and spread and be connected.The characteristics of this connection technology: the one, titanium is directly contacting at the interface with aluminium in the time of can avoiding connecting, because both fusing point and linear expansion coefficient differ greatly, the excessive fusing of aluminium easily causes near interface stress to be concentrated; The 2nd, the aluminized coating that surface of metal titanium forms can play titanium is connected intermediate layer with the diffusion of aluminium vacuum effect, promote titanium and aluminium the combination of counterdiffusion mutually, help the formation of titanium/aluminium diffusion joint, the mechanical property of raising joint.
The thickness of surface of metal titanium aluminized coating is the key that realizes that titanium is connected with the diffusion of aluminium vacuum with uniformity.Therefore, should strict control soak the aluminium temperature and time during liquid infiltration aluminium, liquid soaks that the aluminium temperature is high more, and the time is long more, and the titanium surface forms, and to soak aluminium lamination even more, and thickness is big more.But both sides, interface Ti, Al atom can fully spread when connecting for the performance that guarantees titanium matrix metal and follow-up diffusion, and aluminized coating thickness should be controlled in 50 μ m～100 mu m ranges.Aluminized coating is preferably uniform, and thickness is preferably 60 μ m～80 μ m.The too thick Ti-Al intermetallic compound that may form fragility of aluminized coating, the performance that causes producing micro-crack and weaken diffusion joint.
The structure property that heating-up temperature when diffusion connects and temperature retention time also influence joint.It is low excessively to connect temperature, and the atom diffusion is insufficient or the active mistake of diffusion reaction is low and joint performance is reduced; It is too high to connect temperature, and the more butt joint structure property of compound is unfavorable between the brittle metal of formation.Test shows: the connection temperature spreads connection to titanium/aluminium for 560 ℃～620 ℃ and suits.Temperature retention time is too short, and the diffusion reaction time between titanium and the aluminium is reduced strength of joint than weak point; The long near interface intermetallic compound that then can cause too much also can reduce strength of joint.Relatively preferably connecting heating-up temperature is 580 ℃～600 ℃.The temperature retention time of titanium/aluminium diffusion welding (DW) is advisable with 40min～70min, and preferred relatively temperature retention time is 50min～60min.
Before titanium/diffusion of aluminium weldment connects heating, start mechanical pump earlier vacuum chamber is evacuated to 1.33 * 10
-3Pa starts diffusion pump then and makes the vacuum of vacuum chamber reach 1.33 * 10
-5Begin heating behind the Pa again.When treating that the vacuum chamber temperature is heated to 520 ℃, can exert pressure to workpiece gradually, when heating-up temperature is 560 ℃～620 ℃, connects pressure and be advisable with 5MPa～16MPa.Relatively preferably connect pressure 8MPa～13MPa.
In the whole titanium of the present invention/aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal diffusion welding (DW) process,, control a series of operated pneumatic valve by nitrogen by the accurate control connection temperature of computer process, temperature retention time, pressure and vacuum.Technological parameter by accurate control diffusion welding (DW) makes titanium, aluminum metal interface be in local flow state, is exerting pressure and holding stage makes titanium and aluminium combine the titanium of formative tissue function admirable/aluminium diffusion welding (DW) joint taking place at the interface to spread.
Outstanding feature of the present invention is embodied under the situation that does not adopt solder and intermediate layer, adopt the method for elder generation at surface of metal titanium liquid infiltration aluminium, obtain the aluminized coating of thickness 50 μ m～100 μ m in surface of metal titanium, and then titanium and aluminum dissimilar metal successfully spread link together.That this process has is easy and simple to handle, cost is low, good connecting effect (the Ti/Al shearing strength of joint reaches 24MPa), advantage such as easy to utilize, for titanium and being connected of aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal have been started new approach.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Industrially pure titanium TA2 and commercial-purity aluminium 1035 cold rolled sheets, specimen size is 50mm * 50mm * 3mm.Pure titanium TA2 is as follows with the technology point that the diffusion of fine aluminium 1035 dissimilar metals is connected:
1) polished in pure titanium TA2 surface and clean the processing after, immerse and help in the plating liquor, help consisting of of plating liquor: add 0.4%Zn in the HCl of concentration 32% aqueous solution, helping the plating time is 15min.
2) will help the titanium plate after the plating to immerse in 700 ℃～720 ℃ aluminum melts, aluminum melt is by 92%～93% commercial-purity aluminium, 2.5%～3.8% cast iron chip, 4%Si, 0.2%Re forms, and the hot aluminizing time is 25min, and forming a layer thickness on pure titanium TA2 surface is the aluminized coating of 60 μ m～80 μ m.
3), in dilute hydrofluoric acid solution, soak 5min, washing, acetone cleaning, dry up with the clear water of the titanium plate after the aluminising, alcohol wash.Commercial-purity aluminium 1035 plates are with fine sandpaper its surface of polishing, and then with clear water, alcohol flushing, soak clear water flushing behind the 5min in dilute hydrofluoric acid solution, acetone cleans, dries up.
4), use, push-down head compresses with pure titanium TA2 after the surface treatment and the fine aluminium 1035 superimposed vacuum chambers that place diffusion welding (DW) equipment.Vacuum in vacuum chamber reaches 1.33 * 10
-5During Pa, start heating and spread connection.Technological parameter is: 580 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, temperature retention time 60min connects pressure 10MPa, vacuum 1.33 * 10
-5Pa.
5) by water circulation and filling nitrogen vacuum chamber is cooled off fast after temperature retention time finishes, treat to open when vacuum chamber is cooled to below 100 ℃ fire door and take out connector.The pure titanium TA2 that obtains and the shear strength of fine aluminium 1035 dissimilar metal jointings are 22MPa.
Embodiment 2:
Pure titanium is connected with the diffusion of 3A21 aluminum alloy honeycomb shape structure (similar lotus rhizome section).Specimen size is: pure titanium di 60mm, thickness 20mm; 3A21 aluminium alloy diameter 60mm, thickness 40mm.Concrete diffusion connecting process step is as follows:
1) titanium and 3A21 aluminium alloy surface to be connected are carried out machining and grinding process, pure titanium spare is immersed help in the plating liquor.Help plating liquor to consist of: add 0.6%Zn in the HCl of concentration 33% aqueous solution, helping the plating time is 18min～20min.
2) will help the pure titanium spare after the plating to immerse in 700 ℃～720 ℃ aluminum melts, aluminum melt is by 92%～93% commercial-purity aluminium, 2.8%～3.8% cast iron chip, 4%Si, 0.2%Re forms, and the hot aluminizing time is 25min, and forming a layer thickness on pure titanium surface is the aluminized coating of 70 μ m～80 μ m.
3), in dilute hydrofluoric acid solution, soak 5min, washing, acetone cleaning, dry up with pure titanium spare clear water, alcohol wash after the aluminising.The 3A21 aluminium alloy is with fine sandpaper its surface of polishing, and then with clear water, alcohol flushing, soaks clear water flushing behind the 5min in dilute hydrofluoric acid solution, acetone cleans, dries up.
4), use, push-down head compresses with the pure titanium and the superimposed vacuum chamber that places diffusion welding (DW) equipment of 3A21 aluminium alloy of the alveolate texture after the surface treatment.Vacuum in vacuum chamber reaches 1.33 * 10
-5During Pa, start heating and spread connection.The technological parameter that diffusion connects is: 580 ℃～600 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, temperature retention time 60min～70min connects pressure 6MPa～10MPa, vacuum 1.33 * 10
-5Pa.
5) by water circulation and filling nitrogen vacuum chamber is cooled off fast after temperature retention time is finished, treat to open when vacuum chamber is cooled to below 100 ℃ fire door and take out connector.The shear strength of pure titanium that obtains and 3A21 aluminium alloy diffusion joint is 24MPa.
Claims (9)
1. the diffusion method of attachment of titanium and aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal, step is as follows:
(1) surface of metal titanium helps plating to handle: earlier surface of metal titanium is carried out machining or with thin abrasive paper for metallograph polishing, used alcohol, clear water flushing then, afterwards titanium is immersed to help and handle 10min～20min in the plating liquor;
(2) surface of metal titanium infiltration aluminium is handled: will help titanium after plating is handled to transfer at 680 ℃～720 ℃ temperature conditions and infiltrate in the aluminum melt, hot aluminizing is carried out on the titanium top layer, soaking the aluminium time is 20min～30min, and the aluminized coating THICKNESS CONTROL is in 50 μ m～100 mu m ranges;
(3) surface of metal titanium of infiltration behind the aluminium handled again: the surface of metal titanium after the aluminising is processed or polished flat, and diffusion connects in the preposition dilute hydrofluoric acid solution cleans 2min～5min, and clear water flushing then, acetone clean to cleaning fully, and drying is stand-by;
(4) aluminum metal surface treatment to be connected: machining is carried out on aluminum metal surface to be connected, the upper and lower surface that is connected workpiece with assurance is parallel, 6 grades of fineness, with thin abrasive paper for metallograph polishing, after alcohol, clear water clean, place dilute hydrofluoric acid solution to clean 2min～5min then, with oxide and the organic film of removing surface to be connected, clear water flushing then, acetone clean to complete cleaning, and drying is stand-by;
(5) superimposed assembling connecting piece: connection workpiece stand-by after the above-mentioned processing is placed vacuum chamber, superimposed assembling and use, push-down head fixes, compress;
(6) the vacuum diffusion connects: with technological parameter be: 560 ℃～620 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, temperature retention time 40min～70min connects pressure 5MPa～16MPa, vacuum 1.33 * 10
-5The condition of Pa spreads connection to connecting workpiece, and temperature retention time finishes the back cools off vacuum chamber by water circulation and filling nitrogen fast, when treating that the vacuum chamber temperature is cooled to below 100 ℃, can blow-on take out connector.
2. the diffusion method of attachment of titanium as claimed in claim 1 and aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal is characterized in that, described to help plating liquor to be meant at mass percent concentration be to add the solution that mass percent is 0.2%～1.0% Zn in 30%～35% the HCl aqueous solution.
3. the diffusion method of attachment of titanium as claimed in claim 1 and aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal is characterized in that, described to help the plating liquor processing time be 15min～20min.
4. the diffusion method of attachment of titanium as claimed in claim 1 and aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal is characterized in that, the proportioning of described aluminising liquation is: by percentage to the quality: 92%～94% commercial-purity aluminium, 2%～4%Fe, 2%～5%Si, 0.1%～0.5%Re.
5. the diffusion method of attachment of titanium as claimed in claim 4 and aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal, it is characterized in that, the preparation and the application process of described aluminising liquation are: take by weighing described component by mass percent, mixing, place the crucible of well-type electric furnace, be warming up to 680 ℃～720 ℃, material is melted fully, promptly can be used for hot aluminizing is carried out on the titanium top layer.
6. the diffusion method of attachment of titanium as claimed in claim 1 and aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal is characterized in that, described aluminized coating is that thickness is 60 μ m～80 μ m uniformly.
7. the diffusion method of attachment of titanium as claimed in claim 1 and aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal is characterized in that, the described heating-up temperature of step (6) is 580 ℃～600 ℃.
8. the diffusion method of attachment of titanium as claimed in claim 1 and aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal is characterized in that, the described temperature retention time of step (6) is 50min～60min.
9. the diffusion method of attachment of titanium as claimed in claim 1 and aluminium dissimilar non-ferrous metal is characterized in that, the described connection pressure of step (6) 8MPa～13MPa.
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