CN1936322B - 风力涡轮机转子组件及具有声学折翼的叶片 - Google Patents
风力涡轮机转子组件及具有声学折翼的叶片 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
一种风力涡轮机(100)包括一个转子组件(104),该组件具有至少一个叶片(106),以叶片体(130)限定一引导边缘(132)与一尾部边缘(134)并响应遍及该叶片体的风流适于运动以产生电力。一个刚性声学折翼(112)从尾部边缘向外延伸,同时声学折翼的远端(140)基本上是光滑和连续的。该折翼降低由叶片在使用中产生的噪声。
Description
技术领域
本发明总的涉及涡轮机,且更具体地,涉及风力涡轮机的涡轮机叶片。
背景技术
希望不使用矿物燃料以更环保的方式由风或水力发电以生产电力。已知的风力涡轮机就是当风使叶片转动时将涡轮机叶片的旋转运动转变成电力。
但是,已经发现,风力涡轮机在工作中可能产生在某些装置中可能是麻烦的噪声。特别当风力涡轮机被放置在靠近居民区时从涡轮机使用中发射的空气动力噪声是不可接受的。
已经作了各种努力以降低使用中涡轮机叶片的空气动力噪声。例如,美国专利NO.6830436描述一种可附加到主叶片体上的锯齿形后构件以降低噪声。美国专利NO.6729846描述具有粗糙表面处理的涡轮机叶片。美国专利NO.5533865描述涡轮机叶片的不规则形成的后边缘以致力于噪声问题。
尽管在某些装置中这些努力在降低空气动力噪声中可以实现某种成功,但要求不复杂和低成本解决风力涡轮机噪声。
发明内容
在一个方面,提供一种风力涡轮机的叶片。该叶片包括限定引导边缘和尾部边缘的叶片体并响应遍及该叶片体的风流以产生电力,以及一个刚性的从尾部边缘向外延伸的声学折翼,其中声学折翼的远端基本上是光滑和连续的。
在另一个方面,提供一种转子组件。该转子包括若干响应冲击到叶片上的风可绕一轴线旋转的叶片。叶片的至少一个包括限定引导边缘、尾部边缘和其间的弦距离的叶片体。一个刚性声学折翼固定到叶片体上并从尾部边缘向外延伸弦距离的一特定部分,因而当旋转叶片时降低尾部边缘噪声的宽频带和音调。
还是在另一方面,提供一种风力涡轮机,该涡轮包括一个可旋转的结合到一个发电机的轴,以及至少一个结合到该轴上的叶片并可被风吹动以产生电力。该至少一个叶片包括一个限定引导边缘、尾部边缘和其间的弦距离的叶片体。该叶片体具有一个高压侧和一个低压侧,以及一个固定到高压侧的刚性声学折翼并从尾部边缘向外延伸到光滑远端。因而降低尾部边缘噪声的宽频带和音调。
附图说明
图1是风力涡轮机的示范实施例的透视图。
图2是图1所视的涡轮机的涡轮机叶片的透视图。
图3是图2所示的涡轮机叶片的横剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1是风力涡轮机100的示范实施例的透视图。在一个实施例中,风力涡轮机100安装到基座102上,同时转子组件104安装到基座102的上部。该转子组件104具有连接到轴107上的一或几个叶片106。当风吹时,例如从方向108,响应冲击到叶片106上的风该叶片106和轴107在箭头110的方向绕轴线110旋转。但是,在其它实施例中,该旋转方向可以是在与箭头110的相反方向有等效但相反的作用。此外,以相同的功用可以使用其它涡轮机构形,诸如垂直轴线风力涡轮机。
作用在叶片106上的风在旋转方向110施加一扭矩到轴107上同时施加的扭矩是风速和转子速度的函数。旋转轴107连接到发电机116以便在输出电缆118上提供电力。
如上所述,在某些状态中涡轮机100的叶片106在使用中产生在某些装置中不希望的声学噪声,诸如当该涡轮机100位于靠近居民区时,且特别靠近住宅区时。当多叶片106产生噪声同时当多台涡轮机100位于相同的一般地域时此问题可能被合成。为了克服这些问题,一或多个叶片106包括一个声学折翼(在图1中未表示但在以下描述),它在使用中降低并缓和声学噪声到更可接受的水平。有利的是,使用声学折翼可以在比传统的噪声降低技术更低的成本下降低噪声。
图2是图1所示涡轮机的涡轮机叶片106的透视图。该叶片106包括一个限定引导边缘132和尾部边缘134(在图2中用虚线表示)的叶片体130。成形该叶片体130并适合于响应遍及叶片体130的风流而运动,因此当在,例如,涡轮机100的转子组件104中使用时,叶片体130的运动可以不使用矿物燃料产生电力。
为了讨论叶片106在工作中的声学噪声问题,将基本上刚性的声学折翼136固定到叶片体130上并从尾部边缘134在箭头138的方向远离向外延伸。声学折翼136的远端140从尾部边缘134分开同时在一个示范的实施例中该远端140基本上是光滑和连续的。也就是,声学折翼136的远端140不包括形成折翼136的尖锐或不连续边缘的细齿或锯齿,而是该声学折翼136的远端140以光滑和不间断的方式平行于叶片体130的尾部边缘134通常均匀地延伸。换句话说,声学折翼136的远端140的轮廓近似地与叶片体尾部边缘的轮廓或几何形状匹配,但是折翼136的远端以预定的距离与叶片体130的尾部边缘134分开因此当近似地保持尾部边缘134的相同形状和几何形状时折翼136延伸超过尾部边缘134。与传统涡轮机叶片比较,可以相信具有折翼136的叶片106当它旋转时可以降低尾部边缘噪声的宽频带和音调。
在一个实施例中,从叶片体130分开地提供和制造声学折翼136,同时在一个实施例中由刚性材料的片材或板制造折翼136,诸如金属、纤维强化塑料或刚性塑料,并同样具有足够的结构强度以便当叶片106受到施加的力(如风负荷力及动态力以及当叶片106旋转时受到叶片106的振动)时避免折翼136的弯曲与变形。但是应该理解,当在风力涡轮机应用中使用叶片106时,如果这种材料展现足够的刚性以耐受使用中施加的力,同样可以使用其它材料代替金属和塑料材料。可以从众多的制造商以较低价格得到适合于折翼136的片材或板材料,同时可以切割、冲压折翼,或者以比较简单的方式以最小的成本和机械加工从大片材料分割。
图3是涡轮机叶片106的横剖视图,它包括在叶片体130的引导边缘132与尾部边缘134之间延伸的高压侧150和低压侧152。尽管图3所示的叶片体130是空心横截面,但应该认识到在另一实施例中可以有选择地使用中空的整体叶片体。
现在参照图3,该叶片体在引导边缘132与尾部边缘之间限定一弦距离或尺寸C,同时声学折翼136的远端140远离尾部边缘134向外延伸一个是弦距离C的特定部分的距离F。在一个示范实施例中F是弦距离C的大约3%或略小。
还有,在一个示范实施例中,声学折翼136具有厚度T,该厚度在折翼136的两个主要表面之间测量的即远小于叶片尾部边缘134的厚度。在一个实施例中,折翼的厚度T可以等于弦距离C的大约0.3%以达到噪声的降低而没有对产生电力的叶片106的效率的负面影响。尽管提供了示范尺寸,但应该理解这些尺寸仅为了说明的目的,在其它实施例中可以采用T和F的较大或较小的尺寸。
在一个实施例中声学折翼固定到叶片体130的一个外表面154并且基本上与外表面154齐平以便当折翼136附加到叶片106上时避免对压力侧上的空气流干扰。在另一实施例中,在叶片外表面154中可以设置小的凹陷或槽(未表示)以接纳折翼136因此折翼136的外表面基本上与叶片体130的外表面154齐平并连续。使用,例如,已知的粘接剂、胶带或其它行业中已知的附着方法将折翼136紧固、固定或粘结到外表面154,即牢固地将折翼136保持在叶片体外表面154上。可以机械地、化学地,或者用机械和化学的粘结方法的组合将折翼136安装到叶片体130上。在一个可选的实施例中,如果要求可以将折翼136整体地或单片地形成到叶片体130中。
粘贴或紧固到叶片体130上的折翼136,例如,从在叶片体130的一侧上的尾部附近,即在一个示范实施例中的叶片体130的压力侧150,延伸。最好避免从叶片体130的外表面154向上突出的铆钉、螺钉或其它零件及中断跨越叶片或叶片上面的空气流。还有,均匀地基本上沿叶片尾部边缘134的整个长度将声学折翼136粘结到外表面154,因而避免可能导致折翼136与叶片体130分开的折翼136与叶片外表面154之间的气隙,或者可能导致气流扰动的气隙,此扰动可能损害风力涡轮机100(图1)的效率或者在工作中产生声学噪音。
应该相信施加到叶片106的尾部边缘134的压力侧150上的薄声学折翼136能降低噪声的发射或避免使用中的音调,同时噪声降低可以被认为使用了声学折翼136。特别是,对于具有比较厚的尾部边缘134,如在一个示范的实施例中大约3毫米,的叶片体130,已经发现声学折翼136去除厚的尾部边缘的负作用。通常,以及没有声学折翼136,当尾部边缘134的厚度增加时,叶片使用中的最后的噪声也增加。但是,当使用较厚的尾部边缘时已经发现声学折翼136减轻噪声。
通常对涡轮机叶片使用中的噪声问题的低成本和简单的解决方案借助于声学折翼136提供,同时该折翼136可以被相当容易地应用并如要求地改装到现有的涡轮机叶片上。此外,如果折翼136被损坏,它们可以相当容易地被置换。因此提供一种通用的噪声降低部件,它们可以按要求用于叶片的各种型式。如果希望声学折翼136可以与其它已知的噪声降低部件组合使用,包括但不局限于对叶片体的表面处理,以便进一步降低涡轮机叶片在使用中的尾部边缘噪声宽频带和音调。考虑许多叶片和许多涡轮机,可以实现显著的噪声降低。
尽管以各种特定的实施例描述了本发明,但技术人员将意识到在权利要求的精神与范围内可以修改来实现本发明。
零件表
涡轮机 100
基座 102
转子组件 104
叶片 106
轴 107
风的方向 108
旋转方向 110
旋转轴线 111
发电机 116
输出电缆 118
叶片体 130
引导边缘 132
尾部边缘 134
声学折翼 136
气流方向 138
折翼远端 140
高压侧 150
低压侧 152
叶片外表面 154。
Claims (18)
1.风力涡轮机的叶片,所述叶片包括:
叶片体,限定引导边缘和尾部边缘,同时适于响应风力在叶片体上的流动而运动;该叶片体还限定沿着所述尾部边缘连接的高压侧和低压侧;以及
刚性声学折翼,包括第一表面、第二表面,该折翼具有从第一表面、第二表面之间测量的一个厚度,该折翼固定到高压侧并从其向外延伸,而且沿着叶片体尾部边缘延伸,且该声学折翼的远端是光滑和连续的。
2.权利要求1的叶片,其中由塑料材料和金属材料之一制造声学折翼。
3.权利要求1的叶片,其中叶片体在引导边缘和尾部边缘之间限定一弦距离,该声学折翼的远端从该尾部边缘延伸弦距离的3%的一个距离。
4.权利要求1的叶片,其中叶片体在引导边缘和尾部边缘之间限定一弦距离,该声学折翼具有弦距离的0.3%或小于的厚度。
5.权利要求1的叶片,其中叶片体包括一个外表面,该声学折翼固定到该外表面且与该外表面齐平。
6.权利要求1的叶片,其中所述声学折翼邻近尾部边缘固定到叶片体上。
7.风力涡轮机的转子组件,所述转子组件包括:响应冲击到叶片上的风可绕一轴线旋转的若干个叶片,其中叶片的至少一个包括:
叶片体,限定一引导边缘、一尾部边缘以及其间的一个弦距离,该叶片体还限定沿着所述尾部边缘连接的高压侧和低压侧;以及
刚性声学折翼,包括第一表面、第二表面,该折翼具有从第一表面、第二表面之间测量的一个厚度,该折翼固定到高压侧并从其向外延伸,而且沿着叶片体尾部边缘延伸,且该声学折翼的远端是光滑和连续的。
8.权利要求7的转子组件,其中声学折翼的远端从尾部边缘延伸弦距离的3%的一个距离。
9.权利要求7的转子组件,其中折翼由材料的片材构成,具有弦距离的0.3%或小于的厚度。
10.权利要求7的转子组件,其中叶片体包括一个外表面,该声学折翼固定到该外表面且与该外表面齐平。
11.权利要求7的转子组件,其中所述声学折翼相邻尾部边缘。
12.权利要求7的转子组件,其中所述声学折翼邻近尾部边缘固定到叶片体上。
13.一种风力涡轮机,其包括:
结合到一个发电机的旋转轴,以及至少一个结合到该轴上并可被风吹动以产生电力的叶片,该至少一个叶片包括:
一个限定引导边缘、尾部边缘和其间的弦距离的本体,该本体具有沿着所述尾部边缘连接的高压侧和低压侧,以及
刚性声学折翼,包括第一表面、第二表面,该折翼具有从第一表面、第二表面之间测量的一个厚度,该折翼固定到高压侧并从其向外延伸,而且沿着该本体尾部边缘延伸,且该声学折翼的远端是光滑和连续的。
14.权利要求13的涡轮机,其中声学折翼的远端从尾部边缘延伸弦距离的3%的一个距离。
15.权利要求13的涡轮机,其中折翼由材料的片材构成,具有弦距离的0.3%或小于的厚度。
16.权利要求13的涡轮机,其中该本体包括一个外表面,该声学折翼固定到该外表面且与该外表面齐平。
17.权利要求13的涡轮机,其中所述声学折翼邻近尾部边缘固定到该本体上。
18.权利要求13的涡轮机,其中,所述声学折翼由金属材料和塑料材料之一制成。
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US11/232626 | 2005-09-22 | ||
US11/232,626 US7458777B2 (en) | 2005-09-22 | 2005-09-22 | Wind turbine rotor assembly and blade having acoustic flap |
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CN1936322B true CN1936322B (zh) | 2011-05-25 |
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US (1) | US7458777B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1767780B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1936322B (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1767780T3 (zh) |
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MXPA06010807A (es) | 2007-03-23 |
DK1767780T3 (da) | 2015-06-22 |
EP1767780A1 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
US20070065290A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
US7458777B2 (en) | 2008-12-02 |
ES2539789T3 (es) | 2015-07-06 |
EP1767780B1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
CN1936322A (zh) | 2007-03-28 |
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